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Firms often ask consumers to either spend time to save money (e.g., Lyft's “Wait & Save”) or spend money to save time (e.g., Uber's “Priority Pickup”). Across six preregistered studies (N = 3631), including seven reported in Appendix S1 (N = 2930), we find that asking consumers to spend time to save money is perceived as fairer than asking them to spend money to save time (all else equal), with downstream consequences for word‐of‐mouth, purchase intentions, willingness‐to‐pay (WTP), and incentive‐compatible choice. This is because spend‐time‐to‐save‐money offers reduce concerns about firms' profit‐seeking motives, which consumers find aversive and unfair. The effect is thus mediated by inferences about profit‐seeking and attenuates when concerns about those motives are less salient (e.g., for non‐profits). At the same time, we find that spend‐money‐to‐save‐time offers (e.g., expedited shipping) are more common in the marketplace. This research reveals how normatively equivalent trade‐offs can nevertheless yield contradictory fairness judgments, with meaningful implications for marketing theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the behavior at infinity of the farthest and the higher-order Voronoi diagram of n line segments or lines in a d-dimensional Euclidean space. The unbounded parts of these diagrams can be encoded by a Gaussian map on the sphere of directions S d - 1 . We show that the combinatorial complexity of the Gaussian map for the order-k Voronoi diagram of n line segments and lines is O (min { k , n - k } n d - 1) , which is tight for n - k = O (1) . This exactly reflects the combinatorial complexity of the unbounded features of these diagrams. All the d-dimensional cells of the farthest Voronoi diagram are unbounded, its (d - 1) -skeleton is connected, and it does not have tunnels. A d-cell of the Voronoi diagram is called a tunnel if the set of its unbounded directions, represented as points on its Gaussian map, is not connected. In a three-dimensional space, the farthest Voronoi diagram of n ≥ 2 lines in general position has exactly n (n - 1) three-dimensional cells. The Gaussian map of the farthest Voronoi diagram of line segments and lines can be constructed in O (n d - 1 α (n)) time, for d ≥ 4 , while if d = 3 , the time drops to worst-case optimal Θ (n 2) . We extend the obtained results to bounded polyhedra and clusters of points as sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on young people as producers of cultural heritage and, in particular, on their drawing practices. Based on ten in-depth interviews with youth (aged 11–20) living in Sweden, we explore young people's digital drawing practices and what these mean to their everyday lives. This is relevant to the production of descriptive metadata when young people's pictures become a part of cultural heritage. Our analysis illustrates how young people engage with pictures that circulate across time, space, relationships and mediums, challenging the idea of pictures and meaning-making as fixed and final. This analysis offers valuable insights into cultural heritage by approaching it as a process and extending our ideas of how tangible and intangible heritage may interact. Furthermore, this article contributes to our understanding of young people's digital drawing practices from their own perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented is an approach to a chest radiograph, paying particular attention to features commonly seen in the intensive care unit (ICU) with regards to iatrogenic lines and tubes, together with common pathologies that may be encountered. This is accompanied by helpful images to use as an aide memoire when reviewing ICU chest X-rays. Pitfalls in interpreting these often complex X-rays are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is a major grain crop in numerous countries. In lowland areas, high iron levels in the soil severely hinder its cultivation. The current study explored high-yielding and Fe-toxicity-tolerant irrigated lowland rice (340 lines) among a population derived from a cross between Suakoko 8 and Bao Thai in Edozighi and Ibadan, Nigeria. In contrast to Ibadan, the soils in Edozighi contain a significant amount of iron. For the stated purpose, we carried out a two-year experiment using an alpha lattice design. The data showed significant differences between genotypes for the days to heading, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, and grain yield. The results revealed that multiple characteristics had both direct and indirect effects on cultivated rice yields. There was a direct and positive influence on the number of days in the 50% heading period (0.31), a direct and negative effect on plant height (−0.94), a direct and positive effect on tiller and panicle numbers, and a direct but negative effect on panicle length (−0.56). The leaf bronzing score was adversely correlated with yield, panicle length, and plant height, while it was positively correlated with the number of panicles, tillers, and days to heading. The findings showed significant changes in yield and yield characteristics between genotypes. Grain yields ranged from 283 to 11,700 kg/ha in the absence of iron in the soil, contrary to 0 to 8230 kg/ha in soil with iron toxicity, with losses estimated between 6 and 94%, demonstrating the resulting disaster. In contrast to the elite parents and varieties used in this study, the ten top genotypes exhibited smaller losses in yield. The authors strongly recommend using these lines for further studies as donors or releasing them in farmer fields in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present inquisition was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru with a set of 30 experimental hybrids developed by crossing three male sterile lines with 10 testers in Line x Tester mating design during Kharif, 2022. Methods: The resultant 30 hybrids were studied in randomized block design with two replications along with the parents and hybrid check, HRI-174 during Rabi, 2022-23. Predominant non-additive gene action was found in the analysis of combining ability for lines, testers and line testers for grain production per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, ear bearing tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. Result: The results revealed RGL 5613 and MTU 2055 to be effective combiners for grain yield per plant, filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and grain weight of one thousand grains. For five hybrids, the sca effects on grain yield per plant were large and favourable. These hybrids had recorded significantly higher grain yield perplant, more than 30 per cent, compared to the check, HRI-174, in addition to significant desirable sca effects for grain yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology to jet print metal lines with precise shape fidelity on diverse substrates is gaining higher interest across multiple research fields. It finds applications in additively manufactured flexible electronics, environmentally friendly and sustainable electronics, sensor devices for medical applications, and fabricating electrodes for solar cells. This paper provides an experimental investigation to deepen insights into the non-contact printing of solder lines using StarJet technology, eliminating the need for surface activation, substrate heating, curing, or post-processing. Moreover, it employs bulk metal instead of conventional inks or pastes, leading to cost-effective production and enhanced conductivity. The effect of molten metal temperature, substrate temperature, standoff distance, and printing velocity was investigated on polymer foils (i.e., PET sheets). Robust printing parameters were derived to print uniform, bulge-free, bulk metal lines suitable for additive manufacturing applications. The applicability of the derived parameters was extended to 3D-printed PLA, TPU, PA-GF, and PETG substrates having a much higher surface roughness. Additionally, a high aspect ratio of approx. 16:1 wall structure has been demonstrated by printing multiple metal lines on top of each other. While challenges persist, this study contributes to advancing additively manufactured electronic devices, highlighting the capabilities of StarJet metal jet-printing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to show the existence (using probabilistic tools) of configurations of lines, boxes, and points with certain interesting combinatorial properties. (i) First, we construct a family of n$$ n $$ lines in ℝ3$$ {\mathbb{R}}^3 $$ whose intersection graph is triangle‐free of chromatic number Ω(n1/15)$$ \Omega \left({n}^{1/15}\right) $$. This improves the previously best known bound Ω(loglogn)$$ \Omega \left(\mathrm{loglog}n\right) $$ by Norin, and is also the first construction of a triangle‐free intersection graph of simple geometric objects with polynomial chromatic number. (ii) Second, we construct a set of n$$ n $$ points in ℝd$$ {\mathbb{R}}^d $$, whose Delaunay graph with respect to axis‐parallel boxes has independence number at most n·(logn)−(d−1)/2+o(1)$$ n\cdotp {\left(\log n\right)}^{-\left(d-1\right)/2+o(1)} $$. This extends the planar case considered by Chen, Pach, Szegedy, and Tardos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the normal functioning of the power system, it is necessary to ensure adequate protection of each elements. Part of the electric power system are electric networks, the term of which will primarily mean lines (air and cable). In the paper, the operation of basic line protections was analyzed by mathematical calculations and field measurements. The earth fault protection was caused in the field in order to compare it with the mathematical calculation and draw conclusions about the correct setting and full functionality of the relay protection. Power grid protection is a key aspect for the safety and normal operation of power systems. This analysis includes tests of protection equipment through simulations of earth fault event. The testing is of great importance for new power system maintenance strategies.

Development and identification of suitable parents for hybridization is a vital step in hybrid production programmes. Success of hybrid breeding depend on how distantly the parents are related, which can be possible through crossing of parents belongs to different heterotic groups. So, the phenomenon of heterotic grouping and combining ability are imperative in maize breeding programmes. The present investigation was carried to identify lines with good general combining ability (GCA) and crosses with good specific combining ability (SCA). 44 testcrosses were generated by crossing 11 lines with 4 testers using L x T mating design. The testcrosses along with parents and 5 checks were evaluated for kernel yield and its attributing traits in simple lattice design. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the parents vs hybrids exhibited significant difference for all the traits indicating the presence of variability in the genetic material. None of the lines exhibited significant GCA in desirable direction for kernel yield. The cross VL15869-14 x LM14 exhibited positive significant SCA effect for kernel yield. Heterotic grouping classified 5 inbred lines L1, L3, L4, L6 and L10 into heterotic group B and 1 inbred line L8 into heterotic group A. Remaining 5 inbred lines L2, L5, L7, L9 and L11 were not categorized into any heterotic groups.

When allocating scarce goods and services, firms often either prioritize those willing to spend the most resources (e.g., money, in the case of markets; time, in the case of lines) or simply ignore such differences and allocate randomly (e.g., through lotteries). When do these resource-based allocation rules seem most appropriate, and why? Here, the authors propose that people are more likely to endorse markets and lines when these systems increase the likelihood that scarce goods and services go to those who have the strongest preferences—that is, when they help sort preferences. This is most feasible when preferences are dissimilar (i.e., some consumers want something much more than others). Consequently, people are naturally attuned to preference variance: when preferences for something are similar, markets and lines seem less appropriate, because it is unlikely that the highest bidders or those who have waited the longest actually have the strongest preferences. However, when preferences are dissimilar, markets and lines seem more appropriate, because they can more easily sort preferences. Consumers thus react negatively when firms use resource-based allocation rules in situations where preferences cannot be easily sorted (e.g., when preferences are similar). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camera calibration has attracted much attention, as a primary step of various soccer game analyses, such as real-world player tracking and offside detection. Moreover, metric evaluation of player detection and tracking can be provided via camera calibration, which is a crucial task for player localization assessment. Camera calibration is also challenging due to the blur and duplicated lines, freely moving camera in broadcast streams and lack of well distributed 3D features on the playfield. The main goal of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art in camera calibration and its different prior steps, including transformation computation, feature extraction, image to model registration, image to image registration, camera parameters estimation and conclude future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections in the host genome. Although mutations and silencing mechanisms impair their original role in viral replication, HERVs are believed to play roles in various biological processes. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are non-LTR retrotransposons that have a lifecycle resembling that of retroviruses. Although LINE expression is typically silenced in somatic cells, it also contributes to various biological processes. The aberrant expression of HERVs and LINEs is closely associated with the development of cancer and/or immunological diseases, suggesting that they are integrated into various pathways related to the diseases. HERVs/LINEs control gene expression depending on the context as promoter/enhancer elements. Some RNAs and proteins derived from HERVs/LINEs have oncogenic potential, whereas others stimulate innate immunity. Non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs) are a novel type of virus-like element in the genome. nrEVEs may also be involved in host immunity. This article provides a current understanding of how these elements impact cellular physiology in cancer development and innate immunity, and provides perspectives for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and identification of suitable parents for hybridization is a vital step in hybrid production programmes. Success of hybrid breeding depend on how distantly the parents are related, which can be possible through crossing of parents belongs to different heterotic groups. So, the phenomenon of heterotic grouping and combining ability are imperative in maize breeding programmes. The present investigation was carried to identify lines with good general combining ability (GCA) and crosses with good specific combining ability (SCA). 44 testcrosses were generated by crossing 11 lines with 4 testers using L x T mating design. The testcrosses along with parents and 5 checks were evaluated for kernel yield and its attributing traits in simple lattice design. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the parents vs hybrids exhibited significant difference for all the traits indicating the presence of variability in the genetic material. None of the lines exhibited significant GCA in desirable direction for kernel yield. The cross VL15869-14 x LM14 exhibited positive significant SCA effect for kernel yield. Heterotic grouping classified 5 inbred lines L1, L3, L4, L6 and L10 into heterotic group B and 1 inbred line L8 into heterotic group A. Remaining 5 inbred lines L2, L5, L7, L9 and L11 were not categorized into any heterotic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we consider the notion of entangled stories to account for ways that young people assemble stories in generative ways. We draw on Tim Ingold's theorising of lines, movement, and storied knowledge to account for the visible/material and invisible/immaterial entanglements that happen when young people design multimodal storied worlds and illustrate these entanglements through three school projects in Canada, Norway, and Chile. Literacy studies and the learning sciences have made important contributions to understanding the complexities of meaning-making practices with digital technologies across formal and informal contexts. Yet, there is still work to be done to describe, extrapolate, and theorise digital-material practices and trajectories that young people engage in when they design and craft multimodal compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is a major grain crop in numerous countries. In lowland areas, high iron levels in the soil severely hinder its cultivation. The current study explored high-yielding and Fe-toxicity-tolerant irrigated lowland rice (340 lines) among a population derived from a cross between Suakoko 8 and Bao Thai in Edozighi and Ibadan, Nigeria. In contrast to Ibadan, the soils in Edozighi contain a significant amount of iron. For the stated purpose, we carried out a two-year experiment using an alpha lattice design. The data showed significant differences between genotypes for the days to heading, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, and grain yield. The results revealed that multiple characteristics had both direct and indirect effects on cultivated rice yields. There was a direct and positive influence on the number of days in the 50% heading period (0.31), a direct and negative effect on plant height (−0.94), a direct and positive effect on tiller and panicle numbers, and a direct but negative effect on panicle length (−0.56). The leaf bronzing score was adversely correlated with yield, panicle length, and plant height, while it was positively correlated with the number of panicles, tillers, and days to heading. The findings showed significant changes in yield and yield characteristics between genotypes. Grain yields ranged from 283 to 11,700 kg/ha in the absence of iron in the soil, contrary to 0 to 8230 kg/ha in soil with iron toxicity, with losses estimated between 6 and 94%, demonstrating the resulting disaster. In contrast to the elite parents and varieties used in this study, the ten top genotypes exhibited smaller losses in yield. The authors strongly recommend using these lines for further studies as donors or releasing them in farmer fields in Africa.

Relevance. Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina and Fusarium oxysporumare wide spread and harmful fungal diseases of carrot (Daucus carota L.) in the Russian Federation and in the world. Total losses of roots from these diseases are 35-70%. Obtaining of new varieties and hybrids resistant to these pathogens is complicated by the fact of polygenic control resistance traits to fungal diseases of Alternaria and Fusarium genus. Interaction of polygenic resistance traits with environmental factors causes the soft character of changing these traits: effects of interactions between alleles and genes are changed, the dominant effect become weaker, additive effect become stronger. So, we can say about of the tolerance to complex pathogens for that case.The goal of our study is to determine the heritability of tolerance to fungal pathogens Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum by hybrids F1 of carrot.Materials and methods. Materials of studies were 7 basic lines with different types of roots; 7 prospective hybrids F1 and mycelium of Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum with spores (for inoculation). Methods of studies were: evaluation resistance of lines and hybrids F1 (seedlings, adult plants and roots) at different types of infection backgrounds; dispersion and correlation analysis. Resistance the basic lines of carrot to fungi of Alternaria and Fusarium genus was evaluated step-by-step, using several types of artificial and natural infection backhybrids F1. Tolerant samples were selected and they were used in crossings. F1 – hybrids have been obtained and they have been evaluated at artificial and natural backgrounds.Results: 1. One tolerant male form № 1268 and 6 female forms with weak sensitivity to fungi of Alternaria and Fusarium genus were selected from basic material. They were used in crossings. hybrids F1 have been obtained. 2. Analysis the heritability of carrot resistance to fungal pathogens Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum identified, that such type of resistance inherited by father’s type. 3. Using tolerant carrot line № 1268 in crossings as the male form and 6 female forms with weak sensitivity to fungal pathogens Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum increased significantly the percent of tolerant plant in 3 F1 – hybrid population under artificial infection on provocative infection background.

Line breeding is a difficult but effective zootechnical process in purebred sheep husbandry. Linear sheep consistently transmit their characteristics to offspring in order to increase and identify the most promising genotypes, characterized by high productivity and breeding efficiency, by detecting interline selection. The main purpose of the work was to identify the most suitable options for intra- and interline selection of the Russian meat merino breed. The article studies the early development of animals’ growth and physique, the high rates of animals, live weight in different age periods, slaughter and meat qualities. We established that young animals obtained by mating between the animal lines VK-40 and ME-50 were characterized by more proportional body shapes, better slaughter and meat qualities. The increase in live weight of lambs obtained by mating queens of the VK-40 line and rams of the ME-50 line (group III) was more intense than their peers from the intraline selection of the VK-40 line (I group) and of queens of the line AC- 30 with ME-50 rams (group II). The heaviest carcasses were in lambs obtained from the mating of queens of the VK-40 line and rams of the ME-50 line (13.26 kg), the weight of the carcass was greater, compared with the same indicator of the peers of groups I and II, respectively, by 7.7% and 4.0%, by internal fat mass – by 21.8% and 9.8%, by slaughter weight – by 8.3% and 4.3%.

Flood resistance in rice is very important in weed control, as weeds cannot overcome deep water. At present, there are no released varieties in Russia that would meet these requirements. The creation of such varieties will reduce production costs and pesticide load on the ecosystem. The object of the study was second-generation rice hybrids obtained by crossing the best varieties for economically valuable traits with samples carrying genes for resistance to prolonged flooding with water. To create double rice haploids resistant to prolonged flooding, the anther culture method was used, followed by molecular genetic evaluation of dihaploids for the presence of genes for resistance to prolonged flooding. An estimate of the growth energy under deep flooding was carried out according to our own method. As a result of the cultivation of anthers, 130 androgenic regenerated plants were obtained in 14 hybrid combinations. In terms of responsiveness to neoplasms, 60% of the panicles showed a positive result, while the rest 40% did not demonstrate callus formation. In total, 30 green regenerative lines were obtained from four rice hybrids, differing in visual morphological assessment. Large genotypic differences between the samples were revealed. These lines carry long-term flood resistance genes and can be used in rice breeding programs using dihaploids. As a result of the assessment of the growth energy in a number of obtained samples, the potential for rapid elongation of the first leaves, overcoming a large layer of water and accumulation of vegetative mass, was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-known theorem in plane geometry states that any set of n non-collinear points in the plane determines at least n lines. Chen and Chvátal asked whether an analogous statement holds within the framework of finite metric spaces, with lines defined using the notion of betweenness. In this paper, we prove that in the plane with the L 1 (also called Manhattan) metric, a non-collinear set of n points induces at least ⌈ n / 2 ⌉ lines. This is an improvement of the previous lower bound of n/37, with substantially different proof. As a consequence, we also get the same lower bound for non-collinear point sets in the plane with the L ∞ metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great French poet (Baudelaire) says an opinion characterized by a lot of immunity and scientific accuracy, he considered imagination as the basis of any creativity, especially in the field of plastic arts, as he says: (The main characteristic that characterizes the artist, is not watching but imagination, imagination is in the arts. The beautiful is the master of faculties, and it is he who analyzes the elements offered by the senses and the mind, and reshapes them as he sees fit. The great painter Michelangelo says: (The painter is the one whose imagination is active, and therefore his work differs from his thinking only a little, but if he knew how to activate his imagination, he would have produced wonderful art). The imagination in this research is accompanied by the movement represented by the lines, so we see the artworks that follow the curriculum (the Surrealist school) varied between drawing and engraving, and we see the lines of work that are formed in each painting different from the other, and this is an embodiment of the vision of the artist and the recipient together. We see a difference between creative and stereotypical works, for example, in craftsmanship, which is limited in creativity, we see stability, or slow development, and contentment with the repetition of production for specific forms, which is known as stereotyping, while creative works are characterized by innovative originality, continuous change, and constant development, although they are not Also devoid of craftsmanship. Here, we clarify the research works that express the role of movement in the visual vision of the meaning or concept of fantasies by watching the artist and the recipient together.In this research, the artworks related to drawing and engraving are presented, through the presentation of fifteen artworks, divided into two parts, the first ten works with the technique of drawing with dry pens and black ink and the second five acid etching works with a variety of techniques between acid etching, flavouring and soft ground.

The technology to jet print metal lines with precise shape fidelity on diverse substrates is gaining higher interest across multiple research fields. It finds applications in additively manufactured flexible electronics, environmentally friendly and sustainable electronics, sensor devices for medical applications, and fabricating electrodes for solar cells. This paper provides an experimental investigation to deepen insights into the non-contact printing of solder lines using StarJet technology, eliminating the need for surface activation, substrate heating, curing, or post-processing. Moreover, it employs bulk metal instead of conventional inks or pastes, leading to cost-effective production and enhanced conductivity. The effect of molten metal temperature, substrate temperature, standoff distance, and printing velocity was investigated on polymer foils (i.e., PET sheets). Robust printing parameters were derived to print uniform, bulge-free, bulk metal lines suitable for additive manufacturing applications. The applicability of the derived parameters was extended to 3D-printed PLA, TPU, PA-GF, and PETG substrates having a much higher surface roughness. Additionally, a high aspect ratio of approx. 16:1 wall structure has been demonstrated by printing multiple metal lines on top of each other. While challenges persist, this study contributes to advancing additively manufactured electronic devices, highlighting the capabilities of StarJet metal jet-printing technology.

We consider the minimum number of lines hn and pn needed to intersect or pierce, respectively, all the cells of the n X n chessboard. Determining these values can also be interpreted as a strengthening of the classical plank problem for integer points. Using the symmetric plank theorem of K. Ball, we prove that hn = (n/2)for each n ≥ 1. Studying the piercing problem, we show that 0.7n < pn≤ n -- 1 for n≤3, where the upper bound is conjectured to be sharp. The lower bound is proven by using the linear programming method, whose limitations are also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses prehistoric murals content in the Balkans with special emphasis those in the territory of Kosovo. In Kosovo, murals are located in town of Ferizaj. The dominant figures in this mural are: the Goddess sitting on the Throne, Urns, anthropomorphic masks of the Neolithic period, geometric shapes in vases and various objects, e. The authors have made an interweaving between the figures and the compositional alignment, while the colors are completely independent of the figures. The purpose is to show the importance of prehistory as inspiration for modern artists. The murals that were taken for consideration are those, which artists have taken prehistoric onomastic elements. The paper examined the spiral, zigzag lines used mostly as elements in this mural. It is known that murals and graffiti have been illegal arts that were used to protest and express the revolt of a people. The main emphasis in this paper is also gender equality in Kosovo, because it deals with the figure of Queen Teuta, who was a very brave, independent woman. The goddess sitting on the throne is also presented, which represents the important prehistoric period of the Neolithic era where man had the will to become the God of nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Putting to work the dialectical concept of 'un/mapping', this paper examines the immateriality of cultural memory as coalescent in and around songlines: spatial stories woven from the autobiogeographical braiding of music and memory. Borrowing from Erll's concept of 'travelling memory' (2011), the idea of songlines provides a performative framework with which to both travel with music memory and to map/unmap the travelling of music memory. The theoretical focus of the work builds on empirical studies into music, place and cultural memory in the form of interviews conducted across the UK in 2010–2013. The interviews were designed to explore the way peoples' musical pasts—memories of listening to music in the domestic home, for example, or attendance at concerts and festivals, music as soundtracks to journeys, holidays or everyday commutes to work or school, music at key rite of passage moments—have coloured and given shape to the narratives that structure a sense of embodied selfhood and social identity over time. Songlines, it is shown, tether the self to spaces and temporalities that map a tangled meshwork of lives lived spatially, where the ghosts of musical pasts are as vital and alive as the traveller who has invoked them. Analysis and discussion is centred around the following questions: How should the songlines of memory be mapped in ways that remain true and resonant with those whose spatial stories they tell? How, phenomenologically, can memory be rendered as an energy that remains creatively vital without running the risk of dissipating that energy by seeking to fix it in space and time (to memorialise it)? And if, as is advocated in the paper, we should not be in the business of mapping songlines, how do we go about the task of singing them? Pursuing these and other lines of enquiry, this paper explores a spatial anthropology of movement and travel in which the un/mapping of popular music memory mobilises phenomenological understandings of the entanglements of self, culture and embodied memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cucumber yield is profoundly influenced by soil moisture, with drought representing a pivotal factor. This study evaluated four cucumber lines (CBECS-37, CBECS-38, CBECS-19, and CBECS-7) within a split-plot experimental design comprising four replications. Irrigation occurred once every seven days, spanning from sowing to the flowering stage. Drought stress was imposed at two critical stages: from flower bud initiation to harvesting (withheld irrigation for 25 days) and from flowering to harvesting (withheld irrigation for 15 days). Morphological and physiological parameters, including plant height, primary branch count, days to first male and female flower appearance, total soluble solids (TSS), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde, were assessed 15 days after drought stress. Results indicated greater membrane damage during the flower bud initiation to the harvesting stage (404.5%) compared to the flowering to the harvesting stage (304.6%). Thus, drought stress during flower bud initiation to harvesting was more critical. CBECS-7 demonstrated the highest tolerance to drought conditions, displaying superior outcomes in primary branches, plant height (20.6%), chlorophyll a (16.7%), chlorophyll b (53.4%), total chlorophyll (26.7%), and RWC (6.7%). CBECS-7 exhibited increased chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthetic activity, robust vegetative growth, and prolific flower and fruit production. These findings establish CBECS-7 as a drought-tolerant line during flower bud initiation to harvesting. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical nature of the flower bud initiation to the harvesting stage and identifies CBECS-7 as a drought-tolerant cucumber line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a classic result that a set of n non-collinear points in the Euclidean plane defines at least n different lines. Chen and Chvátal conjectured in 2008 that the same results is true in metric spaces for an adequate definition of line. More recently, this conjecture was studied in the context of quasi-metric spaces. One way to study lines in an space is though its betweenness. Given a quasi-metric space (V,ρ), its induced quasi-metric be-tweenness is the set of triples (x, y, z) ϵ V3 such that ρ(x, z) = ρ(x, y) +ρ(y, z). In this work, we prove the existence of a quasi-metric space on four points a, b, c and d whose quasi-metric betweenness is ẞ = {(c, a, b), (a, b, c), (d, b, a), (b, a, d)}. This space has only three lines, none of which has four points. Moreover, we show that the betweenness of any quasi-metric space on four points with this property is isomorphic to B. Since B is not metric, we conclude that Chen and Chvatal's conjecture is valid for any metric space on four points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, lung ultrasound (LUS) has developed rapidly, and it is growing in popularity in various scenarios. It has become especially popular among clinicians. There are constant attempts to introduce it in new fields, with quite a strong resistance in the radiological community. In addition, knowledge regarding lung and LUS has been augmented by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, this has led to many misconceptions. The aim of this review is to discuss lines, signs, and phenomena that can be seen in LUS in order to create a single, easily available compendium for radiologists and promote consistency in LUS nomenclature. Some simplified suggestions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let F⊂ P2× P2v be the 3-dimensional flag. Let π1 F→ P2 and π2 F→ P2v be the projections. For all u,v ∈N\{(0,0)} let M(u,v) denote the set of all curves π1-1(F) ∪ π2-1(E) such that π1-1(F) ∩ π2-1(E)=∅, #F=v and #E=u. Any A∈ M(u,v) has u+v connected components, all of them smooth and rational and embedded as lines by the Segre embedding of F⊂ P2× P2v. In this paper we study the bigraded Hilbert function H0(IA(a,b)), (a,b)∈N2, for a general A∈M(u,v). We also give geometric properties of IA(a,b) (spannedness and a uniqueness result for non-general A∈ M(u,v)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections in the host genome. Although mutations and silencing mechanisms impair their original role in viral replication, HERVs are believed to play roles in various biological processes. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are non-LTR retrotransposons that have a lifecycle resembling that of retroviruses. Although LINE expression is typically silenced in somatic cells, it also contributes to various biological processes. The aberrant expression of HERVs and LINEs is closely associated with the development of cancer and/or immunological diseases, suggesting that they are integrated into various pathways related to the diseases. HERVs/LINEs control gene expression depending on the context as promoter/enhancer elements. Some RNAs and proteins derived from HERVs/LINEs have oncogenic potential, whereas others stimulate innate immunity. Non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs) are a novel type of virus-like element in the genome. nrEVEs may also be involved in host immunity. This article provides a current understanding of how these elements impact cellular physiology in cancer development and innate immunity, and provides perspectives for future studies.

Flood resistance in rice is very important in weed control, as weeds cannot overcome deep water. At present, there are no released varieties in Russia that would meet these requirements. The creation of such varieties will reduce production costs and pesticide load on the ecosystem. The object of the study was second-generation rice hybrids obtained by crossing the best varieties for economically valuable traits with samples carrying genes for resistance to prolonged flooding with water. To create double rice haploids resistant to prolonged flooding, the anther culture method was used, followed by molecular genetic evaluation of dihaploids for the presence of genes for resistance to prolonged flooding. An estimate of the growth energy under deep flooding was carried out according to our own method. As a result of the cultivation of anthers, 130 androgenic regenerated plants were obtained in 14 hybrid combinations. In terms of responsiveness to neoplasms, 60% of the panicles showed a positive result, while the rest 40% did not demonstrate callus formation. In total, 30 green regenerative lines were obtained from four rice hybrids, differing in visual morphological assessment. Large genotypic differences between the samples were revealed. These lines carry long-term flood resistance genes and can be used in rice breeding programs using dihaploids. As a result of the assessment of the growth energy in a number of obtained samples, the potential for rapid elongation of the first leaves, overcoming a large layer of water and accumulation of vegetative mass, was revealed.

Abstract Background Central venous line insertion in neonates is an important and lifesaving procedure. It can carry significant risks and complications, including death, at the time of insertion or later. We aimed to retrospectively assess the modified Seldinger technique for open placement of a central venous catheter in neonates, regarding its safety, feasibility, operative time, and preservation of the patency of the internal jugular vein. This study was conducted on 120 neonates from March 2018 to March 2020. We closely monitored the pulse for the detection of arrhythmia or bradycardia, which might be caused during the insertion of the guide wire or the tip of the catheter. Post-operative X-ray was done immediately after the end of the procedure for all cases, to determine the site of the central venous catheter and to detect the presence of pneumothorax. Results Arrhythmia was observed in 9 cases (7.5%), and blood oozing in 5 cases (4.1%). There were 3 cases of pneumothorax (2.5%), 2 cases of neck hematoma in two cases (1.6%), 6 cases of internal jugular vein thrombosis (5%), and dislodging of the catheter in 3 cases (2.5%). There were no cases of arterial puncture, failure of cannulation, or haemothorax in our study. Conclusions The modified Seldinger technique insertion for open central venous line in neonates is a safe, accessible, and feasible method, especially in centers that lack the experience of ultrasound-guided insertion in neonates.

TThis study aims to assess: (i) the morning -to- evening variability in body temperature, ball throwing velocity (BTV), shooting address, explosive lower-body power, strength power, and the repeated sprint ability (RSA) among male handball players; and (ii) the diurnal variations according to players' positions. Twenty-two participants assigned in players of thefront line (FL; N=11) and rear line (RL; N=11) completed assessments at 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., on two occasions dispersed throughout one week. Diurnal variations in BTV (p < 0.001), 1-RM Back Half Squat test (p < 0.001), and the counter movement jump (CMJ) test (p < 0.01) were recorded in the whole population. Specifically, morning -to- evening variabilities in BTV were noted in the FL (p < 0.05) and RL players (p < 0.001), with greater values observed in RL (p < 0.001). Significant variations were also observed in the 1-RM back half squat at RL (p < 0.01), and in CMJ (p < 0,01) and RSA (p < 0.05) at FL players. In conclusion, diurnal variations were higher in the evening compared to morning hours in players of RL in BTV and the explosive lower-body power, and in players of FL in CMJ and RSA performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evolutionarily conserved odd‐skipped related genes odd‐skipped (odd), drumstick (drm), sister of odd and bowel (sob), and brother‐of‐odd‐with‐entrails‐limited (bwl) act downstream of the Notch pathway in various insect tissues including the appendages and the gut. While the function of some of these genes have been analyzed in the adult Tribolium beetle, the expression during and their requirement for embryonic development is not known. Results: We describe here the embryonic expression patterns of drm, sob, and bwl and analyze the RNAi knockdown phenotypes with emphasize on the appendages and the hindgut. We show that in Tribolium, drm acts independently of other odd‐family members in the formation of legs, hindgut, and the dorsal epidermis. Moreover, we establish drm and sob as further markers for segment borders in the appendages that include the gnathobasic mandibles. Conclusions: We conclude that the regulatory interrelationship among the odd genes differs between Tribolium and Drosophila, where odd and drm seem to act redundantly. In Tribolium, the genes drm and sob uncover the relict of a precoxal joint incorporated in the lateral body wall. Key Findings: drm as a universal limb marker non‐redundant function of drm and sob in Tribolium drm and sob uncover the relict of a precoxal joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florida, an important state in presidential elections in the United States, has received considerable media coverage in recent years for long lines to vote. Do some segments of the population receive a disproportionate share of the resources to serve the voting process, which could encourage some or dissuade others from voting? We conduct the first empirical panel data study to examine whether minority and Democrat voters in Florida experience lower poll worker staffing, which could lengthen the time to vote. We do not find evidence of a disparity directly due to race. Instead, we observe a political party effect—all else equal, a 1% increase in the percentage of voters registered as Democrat in a county increases the number of registered voters per poll worker by 3.5%. This effect appears to be meaningful—using a voting queue simulation, a 5% increase in voters registered as Democrat in a county could increase the average wait time to vote from 40 minutes (the approximate average wait time to vote in Florida in 2012 and the highest average wait time across all states in that election per the Cooperative Congressional Election Study) to about 115 minutes. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let P be a set of n points in general position in the plane. Let R be a set of points disjoint from P such that for every x, y € P the line through x and y contains a point in R. We show that if R < 3 2 n and P ∪ R is contained in a cubic curve c in the plane, then P has a special property with respect to the natural group structure on c. That is, P is contained in a coset of a subgroup H of c of cardinality at most |R|. We use the same approach to show a similar result in the case where each of B and G is a set of n points in general position in the plane and every line through a point in B and a point in G passes through a point in R. This provides a partial answer to a problem of Karasev. The bound R < 3 2 n is best possible at least for part of our results. Our extremal constructions provide a counterexample to an old conjecture attributed to Jamison about point sets that determine few directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new numerical finite difference scheme for the solution of heat diffusion conduction equation arising from heat conduction is developed due to the recent growing interest in literatures in the derivation of continuous numerical finite difference method for solving heat diffusion convection equations. This was done based on the collocation and interpolation of the heat diffusion convection equations directly over multi steps along lines but without reduction to a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). The intention was to avoid the cost of solving a large system of coupled ODEs often arising from the reduction method by a semi - discretization. The performance of the new numerical finite difference scheme was tested. The numerical results obtained showed that the method provided the same results with the known explicit finite difference method. There was no semi-discretization involved in the derivation of this scheme, and no reduction of the heat diffusion convection equations to a system of ODE is recorded, but rather a system of algebraic equations is formulated. Therefore, the desire is to derive a new numerical scheme that will be used in finding the solutions of the system of algebraic equations formulated from the discretization of the heat diffusion convection equations with respect to the space and time variables. This new numerical method was applied to solve two different test problems with known explicit solutions by Schmidt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diseases of winter wheat considerably reduce the yield and quality of grain. Losses of the gross grain harvest from them annually amount to 20-30%, and in epiphytotic years – 50%. An effective measure to limit the development of winter wheat diseases is the introduction of varieties that are resistant to their damage. Successful development of breeding work in this area is impossible without the use of a gene pool of stable forms. Among the genetic resources of wheat, there are genotypes described by resistance against several pathogens at the same time, and therefore have special value as sources of group resistance. There is a constant need to identify new sources and donors of resistance against pathogens, the search for which is an urgent area of research and requires constant screening of the gene pool. In the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, work is constantly being carried out to create the initial breeding material of winter wheat, resistant to the main pathogens, which will be used by breeders in the future. According to the selection program for resistance against fusarium head blight and root rot, the following lines were created: Lutescens F. g. 163/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19, Erythrospermum S. h. 177/19, Erythrospermum S. h. 175/19, which are used by breeders of the institute and have been transferred to the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. The line Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 was selected according to the “duration of the growing season” indicator, with a growing season of 238 days, which is 3 days less than the Podolyanka standard variety. It belongs to the group of early-maturing forms. High TGW indicators were noted in the lines Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 – 50.6 g, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 49.3 g, Erythrospermum F. g. 163/19 – 46.5 g, and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – 47.3 g. In terms of productivity, the following lines exceeded the standard: Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – by 38.8 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – by 39.6 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 – by 26.7 g/m2. Lines Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 were distinguished by their high-protein content – 16.5% and 15.8%, respectively. The highest level of gluten content in grain was recorded in the line Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 41.2%. The best lines in terms of sedimentation are: Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – 70 ml, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 – 67 ml, Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 71 ml. It was established that the Lutescens line F. g. 163/19 showed elevated resistance against the causative agent of powdery mildew (damage – 1.0%) and septoria leaf blotch (damage – 3.0%). Fusarium head blight damage did not exceed 5.0%. Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 was resistant to two pathogens (fusarium head blight, powdery mildew), while Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 was resistant to fusarium head blight and septoria leaf blotch. The lines created under the program of resistance against root rot Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 showed relative resistance to this pathogen – 10.0% and 10.5% damage, respectively, and had high resistance to powdery mildew – 2.0% damage

Relevance. To meet the needs of the population and commodity producers in the south of Russia in tomatoes, it is necessary to develop varieties and hybrids of various directions that have high productivity, increased fruit quality and resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases, that meet modern production technologies and market requirements, as well as have an acceptable price for seeds.Aim of study – creation of new maternal tomato lines with functional male sterility for open ground for various purposes (for fresh consumption, whole-fruit canning,), which will make it possible to create highly productive hybrids that meet the agro-climatic conditions of the south of Russia in the future.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in a breeding film greenhouse and in field conditions on the territory of the experimental plot of FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" of the central soil-climatic zone of Krasnodar region. The object of research were mid-ripening tomato varieties included in the competitive testing, sterile tomato lines, new F1 hybrids based on FMS, collection and breeding material. The types of crosses used in the work: analyzing, saturating, top-crosses. To speed up the process of developing new sterile tomato lines in winter, artificial climate chambers were used.Results. As a result of the research, promising new functionally sterile lines of tomato were identified, differing in the length of the vegetation period, weight, color, fruit shape, biochemical parameters, with a number of useful economically valuable traits.

This article presents Alexandru Macedonskiʼs contribution to Romanian literature concerning the promotion of new literary tendencies – at the beginning in those times – Symbolism and Parnassianism. In this study I brought into discussion the vocation of “Mecenas poet” that Macedonski had in the literary space of Bucharest after the foundation of the society Literatorul. I also presented in this paper the Macedonskiʼs conception on versification. His ideas were published in the pages of the magazine “Literatorul”, in the colection entitled Arta versurilor. I highlighted here his activity as a promoter and guider in the Romanian literary space, because this is a quality that makes him radically different from his contemporaries.

Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental factors affecting crop productivity around the world. We used a morpho-physiological approach to investigate the salt responses of four Tunisian natural populations of Medicago ciliaris. Forty-six lines of M. ciliaris were grown under a control treatment and 100 mM NaCl. We measured 11 quantitative traits of shoot and root growth during harvest. An analysis of variance showed that the variations in salt response can be explained by the effects of the population, line, treatment, and interactions between the population and treatment and the line and treatment. Most of the measured traits showed significant differences between the studied populations under the control treatment and salt stress. High to moderate broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were noted for most of the parameters under the control treatment and salt stress, implying that salt tolerance is highly heritable. Most correlations between the measured traits under the two treatments were positive, of which the strongest correlations were recorded between characteristics related to development. The 46 studied lines formed three groups in both conditions, while their genetic structure was dependent on the treatment factor. The results from this study can provide a basis for identifying and breeding salt-tolerant lines of M. ciliaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation of general (GCA) and specific combining ability analysis (SCA) in tomato was performed through line χ tester method using eight lines, four testers and their 32 F1 hybrids. The line, CLN-138 was good general combiner for fruit weight, pericarp thickness, TSS, lycopene and titrable acidity while the line CLN-104 for fruit yield, locules per fruit, fruit shape index, TSS and titrable acidity. Significant GCA effects were for the line CLN-154 for fruit yield, fruit shape index, lycopene and titrable acidity; and tester, LBR-21 for fruit weight, dry matter and TSS. Among the crosses, the combination PVB-1 χ LBR-12 recorded good specific combiner for fruit weight, pericarp thickness and TSS; PVB-1 x LBR-10 for fruit yield, cross CLN-138 χ LBR-21 for dry matter, TSS and lycopene; and cross, PVB- 4 χ LBR-21 for fruit weight, locules per fruit and fruit shape index with significant SCA effects. The estimates of σ2SCA/σ2GCA were recorded greater than unity for all the traits except average fruit weight and ascorbic acid content which clearly indicated the predominance of non-additive gene in these characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of modern methods of field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation, and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding are becoming increasingly popular and allow the breeder to evaluate the original forms and newly created material more broadly and objectively. The autumn period is important for winter crops, when under favourable weather conditions (a gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, physiological and biochemical processes in the plant's body change, which contribute to its transition to a state of winter dormancy. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn period is largely decisive in the development of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and therefore affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of the examination of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was identified that before overwintering, the best condition for the first sowing period was distinguished by plants of winter wheat varieties: MIP Lada (NDVI=0.48), Erythrospermum 55023 line (NDVI=0.46), Lutescens 60049 (NDVI=0.46), varieties of MIP Vidznaka (NDVI=0.46) MIP IUvileina (NDVI=0.46), MIP Dniprianka (NDVI=0.46), and Lutescens 55198 line (MIP Darunok) (NDVI=0.47). In the standard Podolianka variety, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI=0.32), Balada myronivs'ka (NDVI=0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI=0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI=0.33), MIP IUvileina (NDVI=0.32), Lutescens 55198 (MIP Darunok) (NDVI=0.32), and Lutescens 60107 (NDVI=0.32). The NDVI index of the Podolianka variety was at the level of 0.32

This article provides an overview of some problems of the breeding and reproduction of laboratory minipigs. The most obvious of these are the lack of centralized accounting of breeding groups, uniform selection standards for reproduction and evaluation of breeding animals, as well as minimizing the accumulation of fitness-reducing mutations and maintaining genetic diversity. According to the latest estimates, there are at least 30 breeding groups of mini-pigs systematically used as laboratory animals in the world. Among them, there are both breed formations represented by several colonies, and breeding groups consisting of a single herd. It was shown that the main selection strategy is selection for the live weight of adults of 50–80 kg and the adaptation of animals to a specific type of biomedical experiments. For its implementation in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, selection by live weight is practiced at 140- and 154-day-old age. It was indicated that different herds of mini-pigs have their own breeding methods to counteract inbred depression and maintain genetic diversity. Examples are the maximization of coat color phenotypes, the cyclical system of matching parent pairs, and the structuring of herds into subpopulations. In addition, in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, molecular genetic methods are used to monitor heterozygosity. Every effort is made to keep the number of inbred crosses in the breeding of laboratory mini-pigs to a minimum, which is not always possible due to their small number. It is estimated that to avoid close inbreeding, the number of breeding groups should be at least 28 individuals, including boars of at least 4 genealogical lines and at least 4 families of sows. The accumulation of genetic cargo in herds of mini-pigs takes place, but the harmful effect is rather the result of erroneous decisions of breeders. Despite the fact that when breeding a number of mini-pigs, the goal was to complete the herds with exclusively white animals, in most breeding groups there is a polymorphism in the phenotype of the coat color.

Nature was and remains an eternal companion of man, but at the same time, it is also a constant enigma. Man’s connection with nature is ancestral, and the need for this connection is constantly proven. Landscape design is the field where art (human creation) and nature meet, creating a field of endless possibilities in the development of outdoor spaces, but while the artistic side of the field is constantly improved and developed, sometimes the exploration of the natural side is left behind. The present study aims to identify and analyse the types of compositional lines that can be found in natural landscapes. For this, different photos from natural parks or Romanian reserves were selected and subjected to visual analysis. In the examined scenes, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, straight or sinuous lines (the most dominant) were identified, being suggested by tree trunks or logs, water beds or streams, paths, the topography of the land or the contour of the crown. Their properties, such as thickness or repetition, can provide diversity, animate a scene, and generate visual movement or invite further exploration. This work can serve as a basis for a more thorough study of natural landscapes and is relevant to landscape architects who support the use of natural style in their work or are interested in integrative landscape design for a better understanding of natural features, as well as researchers who want to explore the aesthetics of natural landscapes.