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42 results on '"light-emission"'

1. Малоизвестные произведения Якова Авербуха

Author: Тома, Л.А.
Subjects: яков авербух, рисунок, линогравюра, пастель, акварель, живопись, колорит, экспрессия, светоизлучение, одухотворенность образа, yakov averbukh, drawing pastel, linocut, painting, flavor, expression, light-emission, spiritualization of the image, Fine Arts
Abstract: В статье освещаются малоизвестные аспекты творчества Якова Авербуха (1922–1998), художника своеобразного дарования и пластической культуры, который обучался профессиональному искусству в королевской Румынии, совершенствовал свое мастерство в Советской Молдавии, а в последний период работал в Израиле, нередко используя театральный псевдоним отца — Аш. На республиканских и зарубежных выставках 1950–1970-х годов он получил признание как оформитель и иллюстратор книг, автор плакатов и линогравюр. Однако он не экспонировал и почти никому не показывал работы камерного звучания — этюды, выполненные маслом, акварели и пастели, отмеченные остротой взгляда и свежестью палитры, что было редким явлением в искусстве Молдавии в первые послевоенные десятилетия. Эти произведения с несложными мотивами — окраины Кишинёва, молдавские села, берега Днестра — воссоздают атмосферу будничной жизни минувших лет и передают непосредственность эмоций тонкого колориста. Долгие годы они не были известны в культурной среде. Многогранное творчество Якова Авербуха включает также медальерные работы и монументальные панно из керамики, оформление интерьеров стенной росписью и резьбой по дереву. Но его труд не освещен во всей полноте. Попыткой восполнить пробел в изучении станковых произведений художника является монографический альбом «Yakov Averbuch Ash = Яков Авербух Аш», изданный в Кишинёве в 2022 году, к столетию со дня рождения художника. Презентация книги, включающей значительный ряд репродукций эстетически ценных и ранее неизвестных работ, состоялась в Тель-Авиве (в Представительстве Республики Молдова в Израиле) и в Кишинёве (в Национальном художественном музее Молдовы). Однако небольшой тираж издания доступен немногим читателям. Автор надеется, что избранные произведения станковой графики и живописи Якова Авербуха, иллюстрирующие данную статью, привлекут внимание специалистов и оценки творческих достижений этого художника будут введены в широкий искусствоведческий оборот.
Published: 2023
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2. Self-assembly of functional helical metallopolymers

Author: Greenfield, Jake and Nitschke, Jonathan
Subjects: 541, Metallopolymer, Self-Assembly, Molecular Wires, Electronic Materials, Fluorescent Materials, Polymers, Chirality, Helical Polymers, Light-Emission, Charge-Transport, Resistive Switching, Helical Scaffold
Abstract: Self-assembled metal-organic materials have been championed as candidates for the next generation of functional materials. This has been attributed to their ‘bottom-up’ design and preparation, error-checking mechanisms, chemical tuneability, and novel functionality arising from the metal centres. This thesis proposes subcomponent self-assembled metallopolymers as a new and accessible class of material designed towards electronic and light-emitting applications. The metallopolymers are comprised of conjugated imine-based ligand strands that are helically wrapped around a linear array of closely spaced Cu atoms. To date, their development has been faced with several synthetic challenges. Moreover, the absence of methodologies to characterise and control the structures of these metallopolymers prevents their rational design towards performing a specific function. Remarkably, their charge-transport properties – perhaps the most interesting feature of these metallopolymers – have yet to be reported. The work presented in this thesis seeks to explore methods to characterise and rationally tailor the structure of iminopyridine-based self-assembled metallopolymers and, for the first time, elucidate the charge-transport properties of this class of material. We have designed a novel bifunctional monomer unit which polymerises in the presence of Cu¹ to afford long helical metallopolymers (>75 repeat units). We identify and develop techniques to control the length, regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the two helical strands and determine the effect that these three structural parameters have on the electronic properties of the metallopolymers. By controlling these structural properties, the polymerisation mechanism of this type of helical metallopolymer is elucidated, allowing the design of tailored metallopolymers. Electronic properties, including electrical conductivity, are investigated, noting anisotropic charge-transport through the metallopolymer and resistive switching behaviour. Finally, we employ the metallopolymer as a self-assembled scaffold, controlling the aggregation state of appended fluorophores, and thus modulating their photophysical properties. With several new design rules and behaviours for this class of metallopolymer in hand, we anticipate that the work presented in this thesis will fuel future studies towards creating the next-generation of metallopolymers for studying circularly polarised light emission and resistive switching applications.
Published: 2020
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3. Fluorescent Biosensors Based on Silicon Nanowires

Author: Antonio Alessio Leonardi, Maria José Lo Faro, Barbara Fazio, Corrado Spinella, Sabrina Conoci, Patrizia Livreri, and Alessia Irrera
Subjects: silicon nanowires, fluorescent sensors, biosensors, light-emission, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Nanostructures are arising as novel biosensing platforms promising to surpass current performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and affordability of standard approaches. However, for several nanosensors, the material and synthesis used make the industrial transfer of such technologies complex. Silicon nanowires (NWs) are compatible with Si-based flat architecture fabrication and arise as a hopeful solution to couple their interesting physical properties and surface-to-volume ratio to an easy commercial transfer. Among all the transduction methods, fluorescent probes and sensors emerge as some of the most used approaches thanks to their easy data interpretation, measure affordability, and real-time in situ analysis. In fluorescent sensors, Si NWs are employed as substrate and coupled with several fluorophores, NWs can be used as quenchers in stem-loop configuration, and have recently been used for direct fluorescent sensing. In this review, an overview on fluorescent sensors based on Si NWs is presented, analyzing the literature of the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks for each strategy.
Published: 2021
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4. Ultrathin Silicon Nanowires for Optical and Electrical Nitrogen Dioxide Detection

Author: Dario Morganti, Antonio Alessio Leonardi, Maria José Lo Faro, Gianluca Leonardi, Gabriele Salvato, Barbara Fazio, Paolo Musumeci, Patrizia Livreri, Sabrina Conoci, Giovanni Neri, and Alessia Irrera
Subjects: silicon nanowires, gas sensing, light-emission, nitrogen dioxide, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The ever-stronger attention paid to enhancing safety in the workplace has led to novel sensor development and improvement. Despite the technological progress, nanostructured sensors are not being commercially transferred due to expensive and non-microelectronic compatible materials and processing approaches. In this paper, the realization of a cost-effective sensor based on ultrathin silicon nanowires (Si NWs) for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reported. A modification of the metal-assisted chemical etching method allows light-emitting silicon nanowires to be obtained through a fast, low-cost, and industrially compatible approach. NO2 is a well-known dangerous gas that, even with a small concentration of 3 ppm, represents a serious hazard for human health. We exploit the particular optical and electrical properties of these Si NWs to reveal low NO2 concentrations through their photoluminescence (PL) and resistance variations reaching 2 ppm of NO2. Indeed, these Si NWs offer a fast response and reversibility with both electrical and optical transductions. Despite the macro contacts affecting the electrical transduction, the sensing performances are of high interest for further developments. These promising performances coupled with the scalable Si NW synthesis could unfold opportunities for smaller sized and better performing sensors reaching the market for environmental monitoring.
Published: 2021
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5. A 0D lead-free Nickel halide-based perovskite exhibiting greenish light emission and high color rendering index.

Author: Khawla, Mbarki, Dhouha, Abid, Ikram, Dhouib, Slim, Elleuch, Ali, Ouasri, and Zakaria, Elaoud
Subjects: *PEROVSKITE, *BAND gaps, *OPTICAL measurements, *STOKES shift, *NICKEL, *SOLAR cells, *PHOTOLUMINESCENCE measurement, *PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
Abstract: • The crystal structure study reveals a 0D framework ascribed as a layered arrangement of organic and (Ni 2 Cl 6)2− dimers. • Thermal TGA-DSC profiles indicate the material stability up to 323 K, and successive weight loss above this temperature. • The UV-visible optical gap energy estimated at 3.72 eV confirms the semiconductor nature of the title compound. • The photoluminescent properties reveal a greenish road-band emission with a very high CRI value. In this paper, a novel low-dimensional Ni(II)-based hybrid perovskite compound [(C 3 H 7) 4 N]Ni 2 Cl 6 endowed with interesting solid-state light-emission properties has been investigated using thermal (TGA-DSC), Hirshfeld surfaces, FT-Infrared spectroscopy, optical and photoluminescence measurements. The structure packing consists of 0D framework ascribed as a layered arrangement of organic and dimeric [Ni 2 Cl 6 ] 1 − groups perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis and stabilized by means of weak intermolecular bonds yielding a 3D framework. The UV-visible investigation reveals a direct optical gap energy of value 3.72 eV, confirming the semi-conducting nature of the elaborated material. The photoluminescence properties reveals a greenish broad-band emission caused by self-trapped excitonic states (STESs) as well as the remarquable the inorganic tetrahedron distortion in the 0D crystal dimensionality. Such bright light emission yields to good luminescence properties with a very high CRI value of 96, CIE color coordinates of (0.32; 0.35), and a CCT value of 5722 K and. The Stokes shift between excitation wavelengths (325, 345, 375, 395 nm) and their corresponding emission bands (450, 460, 472, 480 nm) are discussed. The current findings could be used for the development of environment-friendly hybrid perovskites for UV and solar cell applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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6. In Light of Ionic Materials : A short exploration of ionic materials for light-related applications

Author: Adranno, Brando
Subjects: ionic liquids, electrochemical applications, light-emission, mesophases, Materials Chemistry, Materialkemi, ionic materials
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have been one of the most attractive classes of materials of the last decades. The reason behind this is their peculiar set of properties, which enable their possible application in several research fields. ILs are salts that exhibit a very low melting point, which has been arbitrarily defined to be below 100 °C. Due to their ionic nature, ILs have little to no vapor pressure and they often demonstrate good electrical conductivity and high thermal and electrochemical stability. In this work, the focus is directed toward the exploitation of ILs for the engineering of materials that can have a primary role in light-emitting or light-absorbing devices. Materials belonging to the first type are explored in Papers I-III, while the ones belonging to the second are tackled in Papers IV and V. There has always been a struggle to find a balance between costs and the efficiency of emitting materials for application in dedicated devices. In Papers I-III, two strategies are taken into account to address this issue. Finding inspiration from ionic complexes of Mn(II), newly designed ionic materials and ILs emitting green light are proposed as an alternative to the more expensive heavy metals-based ones such as Ir(III) and Pt(II). Coming closer to an ideal compromise of cost and performance, fully organic and extremely cheap low-melting salts based on the 8-hydroxyquinoline unit were prepared. These compounds revealed efficient fluorescence in the blue region of the spectrum for such simple molecules, paving the way for the preparation of possibly inexpensive light-emitting devices. In Paper IV, direct absorption of light is taken into consideration with photoresponsive ionic liquids, which undergo cis-trans isomerization. Due to this feature and their ionic nature, these materials could be adopted into photoswitches. Additionally, the effect of functional groups on the isomerization of the ILs and on the ability of the materials to undergo mesophase formation was studied. One of the key components of dye-sensitized solar cells is the electrolytic mediator sandwiched between two electrodes. This has been a matter of intense study due to issues regarding its stability, which impair the device's performance. ILs can be adopted in devices to solve this issue. In Paper V, triazolium ILs allowed the manufacturing of devices with higher efficiencies and longer lifetimes than the ones realized with imidazolium relatives. These materials allowed for the stability of the ionic couple I-/I3- and moisture resistance due to their non-hygroscopic nature.
Published: 2022

7. Light-Emitting Devices with Conjugated Polymers

Author: Xian-Yu Deng
Subjects: conjugated polymer, light-emission, PLED, flat-panel display, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: This article introduces a previous study and tremendous progress in basic theoretical modeling, material developments and device engineering for polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs).
Published: 2011
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8. Structural Order of the Molecular Adlayer Impacts the Stability of Nanoparticle-on-Mirror Plasmonic Cavities

Author: Christophe Galland, Aqeel Ahmed, F. P. Cometto, Sachin Verlekar, Magalí Lingenfelder, and Karla Banjac
Subjects: light-emission, Materials science, au(111), metals, Nanoparticle, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, optical-absorption, law, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Molecule, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, hybridization, enhancement, Plasmon, scanning-tunneling-microscopy, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), self-assembled monolayers, self-assembled monolayer (SAM), Self-assembled monolayer, plasmonic nanocavities, gold, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, in-situ, Chemical physics, symbols, dark field (DF) scattering, Light emission, Scanning tunneling microscope, 0210 nano-technology, Raman scattering, Biotechnology, nanoparticle on mirror (NPoM), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: Immense field enhancement and nanoscale confinement of light are possible within nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) plasmonic resonators, which enable novel optically-activated physical and chemical phenomena, and render these nanocavities greatly sensitive to minute structural changes, down to the atomic scale. Although a few of these structural parameters, primarily linked to the nanoparticle and the mirror morphology, have been identified, the impact of molecular assembly and organization of the spacer layer between them has often been left uncharacterized. Here, we experimentally investigate how the complex and reconfigurable nature of a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) adsorbed on the mirror surface impacts the optical properties of the NPoMs. We fabricate NPoMs with distinct molecular organizations by controlling the incubation time of the mirror in the thiol solution. Afterwards, we investigate the structural changes that occur under laser irradiation by tracking the bonding dipole plasmon mode, while also monitoring Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering from the molecules as a probe of their integrity. First, we find an effective decrease in the SAM height as the laser power increases, compatible with an irreversible change of molecule orientation caused by heating. Second, we observe that the nanocavities prepared with a densely packed and more ordered monolayer of molecules are more prone to changes in their resonance compared to samples with sparser and more disordered SAMs. Our measurements indicate that molecular orientation and packing on the mirror surface play a key role in determining the stability of NPoM structures and hence highlight the under-recognized significance of SAM characterization in the development of NPoM-based applications.
Published: 2021

9. 1D photonic crystal direct bandgap GeSn-on- insulator laser

Author: Yongduck Jung, Yong-Hoon Cho, Donguk Nam, Melvina Chen, Chuan Seng Tan, Samuel Jior Parluhutan, Dong-Ho Kang, Zoran Ikonic, Hyo-Jun Joo, Youngmin Kim, Simone Assali, Daniel Burt, Chulwon Lee, Oussama Moutanabbir, Lin Zhang, and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electrical and electronic engineering::Optics, optoelectronics, photonics [Engineering], FOS: Physical sciences, Insulator (electricity), 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Operating temperature, law, 0103 physical sciences, Photonic crystal, Quenching, business.industry, Physics - Applied Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Light-Emission, Nanocavity, Optoelectronics, Direct and indirect band gaps, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: GeSn alloys have been regarded as a potential lasing material for a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible light source. Despite their remarkable progress, all GeSn lasers reported to date have large device footprints and active areas, which prevent the realization of densely integrated on-chip lasers operating at low power consumption. Here, we present a 1D photonic crystal (PC) nanobeam with a very small device footprint of 7 ${\mu}m^2$ and a compact active area of ~1.2 ${\mu}m^2$ on a high-quality GeSn-on-insulator (GeSnOI) substrate. We also report that the improved directness in our strain-free nanobeam lasers leads to a lower threshold density and a higher operating temperature compared to the compressive strained counterparts. The threshold density of the strain-free nanobeam laser is ~18.2 kW cm$^{ -2}$ at 4 K, which is significantly lower than that of the unreleased nanobeam laser (~38.4 kW cm$^{ -2}$ at 4 K). Lasing in the strain-free nanobeam device persists up to 90 K, whereas the unreleased nanobeam shows a quenching of the lasing at a temperature of 70 K. Our demonstration offers a new avenue towards developing practical group-IV light sources with high-density integration and low power consumption., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2021

10. Ultrathin silicon nanowires for optical and electrical nitrogen dioxide detection

Author: Alessia Irrera, Gabriele Salvato, Maria Josè Lo Faro, Barbara Fazio, Antonio Alessio Leonardi, Dario Morganti, Paolo Musumeci, Gianluca Leonardi, Sabrina Conoci, Giovanni Neri, Patrizia Livreri, Morganti D., Leonardi A.A., Lo Faro M.J., Leonardi G., Salvato G., Fazio B., Musumeci P., Livreri P., Conoci S., Neri G., and Irrera A.
Subjects: Materials science, Photoluminescence, High interest, General Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Human health, chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicon nanowires, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Nitrogen dioxide, QD1-999, 010302 applied physics, Gas sensing, Light-emission, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Isotropic etching, Chemistry, chemistry, Gas sensing, Light-emission, Nitrogen dioxide, Silicon nanowires, Light emission, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The ever-stronger attention paid to enhancing safety in the workplace has led to novel sensor development and improvement. Despite the technological progress, nanostructured sensors are not being commercially transferred due to expensive and non-microelectronic compatible materials and processing approaches. In this paper, the realization of a cost-effective sensor based on ultrathin silicon nanowires (Si NWs) for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reported. A modification of the metal-assisted chemical etching method allows light-emitting silicon nanowires to be obtained through a fast, low-cost, and industrially compatible approach. NO2 is a well-known dangerous gas that, even with a small concentration of 3 ppm, represents a serious hazard for human health. We exploit the particular optical and electrical properties of these Si NWs to reveal low NO2 concentrations through their photoluminescence (PL) and resistance variations reaching 2 ppm of NO2. Indeed, these Si NWs offer a fast response and reversibility with both electrical and optical transductions. Despite the macro contacts affecting the electrical transduction, the sensing performances are of high interest for further developments. These promising performances coupled with the scalable Si NW synthesis could unfold opportunities for smaller sized and better performing sensors reaching the market for environmental monitoring.
Published: 2021

11. Narrow and broadband light emission in layered organic lead halide perovskites: interplay between weak electron-lattice interactions and defect-related effects

Author: Claudio Quarti, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Mons (UMons), ANR-18-CE05-0026,MORELESS,Cellules solaires perovskite plus stables et à teneur réduite en plomb.(2018), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: light-emission, Materials science, Exciton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Halide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, symbols.namesake, Stokes shift, 2-dimensional hybrid lead halide perovskites, point-defects, Perovskite (structure), business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Crystallographic defect, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Semiconductor, symbols, Density functional theory, Light emission, electron-phonon coupling, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; 2-Dimensional metal Halide Perovskites (2D-HP) are at the limelight for their potential exploitation in light-emission related applications. In particular, the most-investigated
Published: 2020

12. Light-Emitting Devices with Conjugated Polymers.

Author: Deng Xian Yu
Subjects: *ENGINEERING equipment, *ENGINEERING, *LIGHT sources, *POLYMERS, *TECHNOLOGY
Abstract: This article introduces a previous study and tremendous progress in basic theoretical modeling, material developments and device engineering for polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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13. Origin of visible photoluminescence of Si-rich and N-rich silicon nitride films.

Author: KOMAROV, Fadei, VLASUKOVA, Ludmila, PARKHOMENKO, Iulia, ŻUKOWSKI, Paweł, MILCHANIN, Oleg, MUDRYI, Alexander, ŻHYVULKA, Vadim, ZUK, Jerzy, KOPYCIŃSKI, Przemysław, and MURZALINOV, Danatbek
Subjects: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, SILICON nitride films, SILICON, NITROGEN, PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Abstract: Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2016
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14. Synthesis and Light-Emitting Behavior of Silicon-Bridged Fluorene Copolymers Bearing Oligoarylenevinylene Chromophore.

Author: TAKAGI, Koji, TAHARA, Ai, and KAKIUCHI, Hiroki
Subjects: POLYMERS, COPOLYMERS, FLUORENE, LUMINESCENCE, SOLID state electronics, THIN films, THICK films
Abstract: Silicon-bridged fluorene copolymers bearing oligoarylenevinylene chromophore with longer effective conjugation length than terfluorene were prepared by the Suzuki coupling copolymerization, where the polymer structure was designed so that the absorption spectrum of energy-accepting oligoarylenevinylene chromophore can overlap with the emission spectrum of energy-donating terfluorene chromophore. The content of oligoarylenevinylene segment in 2a5, 2a10, 2a20, 2a48, and 2a100 could be well controlled by the monomer feed ratio as evidenced by the UV spectra of copolymers in solution. Since the fluorescence from oligoarylenevinylene segment was observed in copolymers and the polymer blend system did not afford longer wavelength emission in dilute solution, the importance of intra-polymer chain energy transfer between chromophores was demonstrated. The fluorescence peaks of 2b13, 2c11, and 2d3 ascribed to the emission from oligoarylenevinylene segment were observed in thin film through the intra- and inter-polymer chain energy transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
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15. Synthesis of π-conjugated, pyridine ring functionalized bis-terpyridines with efficient green, blue, and purple emission

Author: Han, Fu-She, Higuchi, Masayoshi, and Kurth, Dirk G.
Subjects: *PYRIDINE, *ORGANIC chemistry, *LIGANDS (Chemistry), *ABSORPTION, *HETEROCYCLIC compounds
Abstract: Abstract: A large variety of rigid, π-conjugated, pyridine ring functionalized bis-terpyridines are synthesized efficiently using tandem Miyaura/Suzuki-type cross-coupling reaction. Photophysical property study reveals that the absorption and luminescent properties of the obtained bis-terpyridines are profoundly affected by the nature of the functional groups at the peripheral pyridine and the spacers. Namely, by tailoring precisely the structures, the light-emitting efficiencies of bis-terpyridines can be enhanced significantly with quantum yields (Φ f) of up to 0.62, and the emission colors can be tuned to display distinct colors including purple, bright blue, and bright green. Consequently, the novel bis-terpyridines are attractive ligands for the assembly of new metallo-supramolecule based functional materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2008
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16. Light emission during negative heavy ion implantation into lithium niobate and sapphire

Author: Plaksin, O.A., Takeda, Y., Amekura, H., Kono, K., Suga, T., and Kishimoto, Naoki
Subjects: *ELECTRONIC systems, *SPUTTERING (Physics), *SURFACES (Technology), *SAPPHIRES
Abstract: The outward mass transport during implantation of 60 keV negative Cu, Ag and Au ions into LiNbO3 and Al2O3 was studied by using in situ time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Single crystals of LiNbO3 and Al2O3 were irradiated continuously or by pulses of ions. Spectra of ion-induced light emission at the wavelengths from 250 to 900 nm were in situ measured. The ratios of individual lines of the same atomic species (Li for LiNbO3 and Al for Al2O3) change with the dose. The change of energy distribution of sputtered atoms is explained by a competition between two mechanisms of sputtering: the sputtering induced by atomic collisions or electronic excitation. The result shows a strong relationship between irreversible structural change of implanted regions (formation of nanocomposite and damage) and energy distribution of sputtered atoms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2004
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17. Experimental probe of a complete 3D photonic band gap

Author: Diana Grishina, Ravitej Uppu, Manashee Adhikary, Cornelis A.M. Harteveld, Willem L. Vos, and Complex Photonic Systems
Subjects: Band gap, Nanophotonics, FABRICATION, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Stopband, DIFFRACTION, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, WAVE-GUIDES, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, Photonic crystal, Physics, business.industry, Photonic integrated circuit, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, SPONTANEOUS EMISSION, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, CRYSTALS, Nanolithography, 0210 nano-technology, business, LIGHT-EMISSION, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: The identification of a complete three-dimensional (3D) photonic band gap in real crystals always employs theoretical or numerical models that invoke idealized crystal structures. Thus, this approach is prone to false positives (gap wrongly assigned) or false negatives (gap missed). Therefore, we propose a purely experimental probe of the 3D photonic band gap that pertains to many different classes of photonic materials. We study position and polarization-resolved reflectivity spectra of 3D inverse woodpile structures that consist of two perpendicular nanopore arrays etched in silicon. We observe intense reflectivity peaks $(R > 90\%)$ typical of high-quality crystals with broad stopbands. We track the stopband width versus pore radius, which agrees much better with the predicted 3D photonic band gap than with a directional stop gap on account of the large numerical aperture used. A parametric plot of s-polarized versus p-polarized stopband width agrees very well with the 3D band gap and is model-free. This practical probe provides fast feedback on the advanced nanofabrication needed for 3D photonic crystals and stimulates practical applications of band gaps in 3D silicon nanophotonics and photonic integrated circuits, photovoltaics, cavity QED, and quantum information processing., 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2019

18. Fluorescent Biosensors Based on Silicon Nanowires.

Author: Leonardi, Antonio Alessio, Lo Faro, Maria José, Fazio, Barbara, Spinella, Corrado, Conoci, Sabrina, Livreri, Patrizia, and Irrera, Alessia
Subjects: *BIOSENSORS, *FLUORESCENT probes, *TECHNOLOGY transfer, *NANOSENSORS, *NANOWIRES, *SILICON nanowires, *FLUOROPHORES
Abstract: Nanostructures are arising as novel biosensing platforms promising to surpass current performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and affordability of standard approaches. However, for several nanosensors, the material and synthesis used make the industrial transfer of such technologies complex. Silicon nanowires (NWs) are compatible with Si-based flat architecture fabrication and arise as a hopeful solution to couple their interesting physical properties and surface-to-volume ratio to an easy commercial transfer. Among all the transduction methods, fluorescent probes and sensors emerge as some of the most used approaches thanks to their easy data interpretation, measure affordability, and real-time in situ analysis. In fluorescent sensors, Si NWs are employed as substrate and coupled with several fluorophores, NWs can be used as quenchers in stem-loop configuration, and have recently been used for direct fluorescent sensing. In this review, an overview on fluorescent sensors based on Si NWs is presented, analyzing the literature of the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks for each strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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19. Ultrathin Silicon Nanowires for Optical and Electrical Nitrogen Dioxide Detection.

Author: Morganti, Dario, Leonardi, Antonio Alessio, Lo Faro, Maria José, Leonardi, Gianluca, Salvato, Gabriele, Fazio, Barbara, Musumeci, Paolo, Livreri, Patrizia, Conoci, Sabrina, Neri, Giovanni, and Irrera, Alessia
Subjects: *SILICON nanowires, *NITROGEN dioxide, *MANUFACTURING processes, *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, *INDUSTRIAL safety, *TECHNOLOGICAL progress
Abstract: The ever-stronger attention paid to enhancing safety in the workplace has led to novel sensor development and improvement. Despite the technological progress, nanostructured sensors are not being commercially transferred due to expensive and non-microelectronic compatible materials and processing approaches. In this paper, the realization of a cost-effective sensor based on ultrathin silicon nanowires (Si NWs) for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reported. A modification of the metal-assisted chemical etching method allows light-emitting silicon nanowires to be obtained through a fast, low-cost, and industrially compatible approach. NO2 is a well-known dangerous gas that, even with a small concentration of 3 ppm, represents a serious hazard for human health. We exploit the particular optical and electrical properties of these Si NWs to reveal low NO2 concentrations through their photoluminescence (PL) and resistance variations reaching 2 ppm of NO2. Indeed, these Si NWs offer a fast response and reversibility with both electrical and optical transductions. Despite the macro contacts affecting the electrical transduction, the sensing performances are of high interest for further developments. These promising performances coupled with the scalable Si NW synthesis could unfold opportunities for smaller sized and better performing sensors reaching the market for environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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20. Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

Author: Marco Abbarchi, Jacques Perrin Toinin, K. Hoummada, Lee Chow, Sandrine Bernardini, M. Bertoglio, Michael Texier, Alain Portavoce, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Department of Physics, and University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF)
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, ION-IMPLANTATION, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, AMORPHIZATION, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, Full Research Paper, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, ion implantation, porous material, lcsh:TP1-1185, SI, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, lcsh:Science, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Dopant, business.industry, Nanoporous, lcsh:T, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, POROUS GERMANIUM, lcsh:QC1-999, Nanoscience, germanium, Ion implantation, Transmission electron microscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, MORPHOLOGY, Light emission, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, business, SILICON NANOCRYSTALS, LIGHT-EMISSION, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: In this work a novel process allowing for the production of nanoporous Ge thin films is presented. This process uses the combination of two techniques: Ge sputtering on SiO2 and dopant ion implantation. The process entails four successive steps: (i) Ge sputtering on SiO2, (ii) implantation preannealing, (iii) high-dose dopant implantation, and (iv) implantation postannealing. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of the Ge film at different process steps under different postannealing conditions. For the same postannealing conditions, the Ge film topology was shown to be similar for different implantation doses and different dopants. However, the film topology can be controlled by adjusting the postannealing conditions.
Published: 2015

21. Highly Versatile Upconverting Oxyfluoride-Based Nanophosphor Films.

Author: Ngo TT, Cabello-Olmo E, Arroyo E, Becerro AI, Ocaña M, Lozano G, and Míguez H
Abstract: Fluoride-based compounds doped with rare-earth cations are the preferred choice of materials to achieve efficient upconversion, of interest for a plethora of applications ranging from bioimaging to energy harvesting. Herein, we demonstrate a simple route to fabricate bright upconverting films that are transparent, self-standing, flexible, and emit different colors. Starting from the solvothermal synthesis of uniform and colloidally stable yttrium fluoride nanoparticles doped with Yb 3+ and Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , or Tm 3+ , we find the experimental conditions to process the nanophosphors as optical quality films of controlled thickness between few hundreds of nanometers and several micrometers. A thorough analysis of both structural and photophysical properties of films annealed at different temperatures reveals a tradeoff between the oxidation of the matrix, which transitions through an oxyfluoride crystal phase, and the efficiency of the upconversion photoluminescence process. It represents a significant step forward in the understanding of the fundamental properties of upconverting materials and can be leveraged for the optimization of upconversion systems in general. We prove bright multicolor upconversion photoluminescence in oxyfluoride-based phosphor transparent films upon excitation with a 980 nm laser for both rigid and flexible versions of the layers, being possible to use the latter to coat surfaces of arbitrary shape. Our results pave the way toward the development of upconverting coatings that can be conveniently integrated in applications that demand a large degree of versatility.
Published: 2021
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22. Room-temperature light-emission from Ge quantum dots in photonic crystals

Author: Xia, Jinsong, Nemoto, Koudai, Ikegami, Yuta, Usami, Noritaka, Nakata, Yasushi, and Shiraki, Yasuhiro
Subjects: *PHOTONICS, *GERMANIUM, *QUANTUM dots, *MOLECULAR self-assembly, *ELECTRIC properties of crystals, *PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, *OPTICAL resonance
Abstract: Abstract: Multiple layers of Ge self-assembled quantum dots were embedded into two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal microcavities fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates. Microphotoluminescence was used to study the light-emission characteristic of the Ge quantum dots in the microcavities. Strong resonant room-temperature light-emission was observed in the telecommunication wavelength region. Significant enhancement of the luminescence from Ge dots was obtained due to the resonance in the cavities. Multiple sharp resonant peaks dominated the spectrum, showing strong optical resonance inside the cavity. By changing the lattice constant of photonic crystal structure, the wavelengths of the resonant peaks are tuned in the wide wavelength range from 1.2 to 1.6 μm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2008
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23. Gamma bandgap determination in pseudomorphic GeSn layers grown on Ge with up to 15% Sn content

Author: J. Aubin, J. Rothman, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Vincent Reboud, Vincent Calvo, Nicolas Pauc, Kevin Guilloy, Samuel Tardif, L. Milord, Alexei Chelnokov, Alban Gassenq, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département d'Optronique (DOPT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Band gap, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Misfit Dislocations, Silicon Photonics, 0103 physical sciences, Spectroscopy, 010302 applied physics, Photocurrent, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Light-Emission, Semiconductor, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Direct and indirect band gaps, 0210 nano-technology, business, Tin
Abstract: International audience; Adding Tin (Sn) to Germanium (Ge) can turn it into a direct bandgap group IV semiconductor emitting in the mid-infrared wavelength range. Several approaches are currently being investigated to improve the GeSn devices. It has been theoretically predicted that the strain can improve their optical properties. However, the impact of strain on band parameters has not yet been measured for really high Sn contents (i.e., above 11%). In this work, we have used the photocurrent and photoluminescence spectroscopy to measure the gamma bandgap in compressively strained GeSn layers grown on Ge buffers. A good agreement is found with the modeling and the literature. We show here that the conventional GeSn deformation potentials used in the literature for smaller Sn contents can be applied up to 15% Sn. This gives a better understanding of strained-GeSn for future laser designs. Published by AIP Publishing.
Published: 2016

24. Study of temperature-dependent charge conduction in silicon-nanocrystal/SiO2 multilayers

Author: Narasimha Rao Mavilla, Juzer Vasi, Vinayak Chavan, and Chetan Singh Solanki
Subjects: Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Generation, Transport, Silicon-Nanocrystals, Solar-Cells, 02 engineering and technology, Efficiency, 01 natural sciences, Conduction Mechanism, Trap-Assisted Tunneling, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, Quantum tunnelling, 010302 applied physics, Condensed matter physics, Tandem, Metals and Alloys, Charge (physics), Si-Nanocrystals, Voltage, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Enhanced Cvd, Space charge, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Light-Emission, Photovoltaics, Electroluminescence, Inductively coupled plasma, Silicon Nanocrystal, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Silicon-nanocrystals (Si-NCs) realized by SiOx8 MV/cm; independent of temperature), while for lower electric fields (5-8 MV/cm) at higher temperatures, the trap-related Generalized Poole-Frenkel (GPF) is dominant. This signified the role of traps in modifying the conduction in bulk ICPCVD SiO2 films. We then present the conduction in ML samples. For multilayer samples with SiO2 sublayer thickness of 1.5 nm and 2.5 nm, Direct Tunneling (DT) is observed to be dominant, while for SiO2 sublayer thickness of 3.5 nm, Space Charge Limited Conduction (SCLC) with exponential trap distribution is found to be the dominant conduction mechanism. This signifies the role of traps in modifying the conduction in Si-NC multilayer samples and SiO2 sublayer thickness dependence. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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25. Insights into directional scattering : from coupled dipoles to asymmetric dimer nanoantennas

Author: Abass, Aimi, Gutsche, Philipp, Maes, Bjorn, Rockstuhl, Carsten, and Martins, Emiliano R.
Subjects: Technology, Technology and Engineering, OPTICAL ANTENNAS, Physics and Astronomy, EMITTERS, EXCITATION, Physics::Optics, RADIATION, ddc:600, SINGLE-ELEMENT NANOANTENNA, NANOSTRUCTURES, LIGHT-EMISSION
Abstract: Strong and directionally specific forward scattering from optical nanoantennas is of utmost importance for various applications in the broader context of photovoltaics and integrated light sources. Here, we outline a simple yet powerful design principle to perceive a nanoantenna that provides directional scattering into a higher index substrate based on the interference of multiple electric dipoles. A structural implementation of the electric dipole distribution is possible using plasmonic nanoparticles with a fairly simple geometry, i.e. two coupled rectangular nanoparticles, forming a dimer, on top of a substrate. The key to achieve directionality is to choose a sufficiently large size for the nanoparticles. This promotes the excitation of vertical electric dipole moments due to the bi-anisotropy of the nanoantenna. In turn, asymmetric scattering is obtained by ensuring the appropriate phase relation between the vertical electric dipole moments. The scattering strength and angular spread for an optimized nanoantenna can be shown to be broadband and robust against changes in the incidence angle. The scattering directionality is maintained even for an array configuration of the dimer. It only requires the preferred scattering direction of the isolated nanoantenna not to be prohibited by interference. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
Published: 2016

26. Ligand binding and conformational states of photoprotein obelin

Author: Eugene S. Vysotski, Carlo P. M. van Mierlo, Willem J. H. van Berkel, Elena V. Eremeeva, and Adrie H. Westphal
Subjects: angstrom, Circular dichroism, Protein Folding, light-emission, coelenterazine, Biophysics, Photoprotein, chemistry.chemical_element, Biochemie, apo-aequorin, Calcium, Photochemistry, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Protein structure, Structural Biology, Coelenterazine, Genetics, luminescence, Molecular Biology, recombinant obelin, Thermostability, VLAG, Chemistry, Circular Dichroism, Imidazoles, crystal-structure, Cell Biology, stability, Ligand (biochemistry), bioluminescence, proteins, Luminescent Proteins, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Pyrazines, Light emission, Protein Binding
Abstract: Many proteins require a non-covalently bound ligand to be functional. How ligand binding affects protein conformation is often unknown. Here we address thermal unfolding of the free and ligand-bound forms of photoprotein obelin. Fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) data show that the various ligand-dependent conformational states of obelin differ significantly in stability against thermal unfolding. Binding of coelenterazine and calcium considerably stabilizes obelin. In solution, all obelin structures are similar, except for apo-obelin without calcium. This latter protein is an ensemble of conformational states, the populations of which alter upon increasing temperature.
Published: 2012

27. Microscopic Origin of the Fast Blue-Green Luminescence from Chemically Synthesized Non-Oxidized Silicon Quantum Dots

Author: C.P. Umesh, Tom Gregorkiewicz, Jan Valenta, K. Dohnalová, Martin Hof, Jos M. J. Paulusse, Jana Humpolíčková, Anna Fucikova, Han Zuilhof, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomaterials Science and Technology, and Hard Condensed Matter (WZI, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: light-emission, spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, Materials science, IR-85079, nanoclusters, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Porous silicon, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, General Materials Science, Spontaneous emission, VLAG, si nanocrystals, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, confinement regime, General Chemistry, Nanosecond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Organische Chemie, 0104 chemical sciences, porous silicon, Quantum dot, METIS-293900, Optoelectronics, Light emission, nanoparticles, photoluminescence, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminescence, electronic states, alkyl, Biotechnology
Abstract: The microscopic origin of the bright nanosecond blue-green photoluminescence (PL), frequently reported for synthesized organically terminated Si quantum dots (Si-QDs), has not been fully resolved, hampering potential applications of this interesting material. Here a comprehensive study of the PL from alkyl-terminated Si-QDs of 2-3 nm size, prepared by wet chemical synthesis is reported. Results obtained on the ensemble and those from the single nano-object level are compared, and they provide conclusive evidence that efficient and tunable emission arises due to radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs confined in the Si-QDs. This understanding paves the way towards applications of chemical synthesis for the development of Si-QDs with tunable sizes and bandgaps.
Published: 2012

28. Photophysics of n-butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles

Author: Milena Rosso-Vasic, Albert M. Brouwer, Han Zuilhof, Joanna R. Siekierzycka, and Spectroscopy and Photonic Materials (HIMS, FNWI)
Subjects: light-emission, Materials science, Photoluminescence, Physics::Optics, Photochemistry, Molecular physics, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, luminescence, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Emission spectrum, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, VLAG, si nanocrystals, Organic Chemistry, dark exciton, semiconductor nanocrystals, Nanosecond, Organische Chemie, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, porous silicon, General Energy, Excited state, optical-transitions, cdse quantum dots, photoluminescence, Light emission, fluorescence, Luminescence
Abstract: The photophysical properties are described of silicon nanoparticles protected with a shell of n-butyl chains, and with an asymmetric size distribution with a peak between 2 and 3 nm, and a tail extending up to 7 nm. The excited nanoparticles decay via multiexponential luminescence on a time scale of a few nanoseconds. Longer-lived nonluminescent dark states were observed by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The average lifetime of the luminescent excited states increased somewhat with increasing wavelengths of excitation and emission. The nanosecond transient absorption spectra shifted to longer wavelengths with time. Probably, these observations are related to the size distribution of the particles: larger particles are excited at longer wavelength, emit at longer wavelength, and have longer-lived and red-shifted nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Two-photon excited luminescence showed broader emission spectra than one-photon excited luminescence at the same excitation energies. The two-photon cross-sections were found to be surprisingly small.
Published: 2011

29. Stereochemical modulation of emission behaviour in E/Z isomers of diphenyldipyrroethene from aggregation induced emission to crystallization induced emission

Author: Palanisamy Rajakannu, Kavita Garg, Mangalampalli Ravikanth, and Emandi Ganapathi
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Stereochemistry, Solid-state, General Physics and Astronomy, Crystallography, X-Ray, Photochemistry, law.invention, Induced Red Emission, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Stilbenes, Restriction, Molecule, Fluorescent, Pyrroles, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Crystallization, Aggregation-induced emission, Molecular Structure, Intramolecular Rotation, Stereoisomerism, Tetraphenylethylene, Luminogens, Light-Emission, Dynamics, Enhanced Emission, chemistry, Modulation, Intramolecular force, Isomerization, State, Derivatives
Abstract: Herein, we report the synthesis, separation and characterisation of the E- and Z-isomers of dipyrrolyldiphenylethene to study their emission behaviour in the aggregation state and solid state. The E-isomer showed pronounced aggregation induced emission (AIE) whereas the Z-isomer showed crystallization induced emission (CIE). The present study explains that the emission behaviour (AIE/CIE) is dependent on the inter/intra molecular interactions between the molecules. The study also confirms that restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) is the main cause of AIE/CIE in olefinic luminogens Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) type systems rather than E/Z isomerisation.
Published: 2015
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30. Tensile Strained Germanium Nanowires Measured by Photocurrent Spectroscopy and X-ray Microdiffraction

Author: Pascal Gentile, Kevin Guilloy, Samuel Tardif, Vincent Calvo, François Rieutord, Alban Gassenq, Nicolas Pauc, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and gentile, pascal
Subjects: Materials science, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Tensile Strain, XRD, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, Laser, Bioengineering, Germanium, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Stress (mechanics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Laue, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photocurrent, Photo Current, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Deformation, Light-Emission, Crystallography, Semiconductor, chemistry, Silicon nitride, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Direct and indirect band gaps, business
Abstract: International audience; Applying tensile strain in a single germanium crystal is a very promising way to tune its bandstructure and turn it into a direct band gap semiconductor. In this work, we stress vapor-liquid-solid grown germanium nanowires along their [111] axis thanks to the strain tranfer from a silicon nitride thin film by a microfabrication process. We measure the Gamma-LH direct band gap transition by photocurrent spectrometry and quantify associated strain by X-ray Laue microdiffraction on beamline BM32 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Nanowires exhibit up to 1.48% strain and an absorption threshold down to 0.73 eV, which is in good agreement with theoretical computations for the Gamma-LH transition, showing that the nanowire geometry is an efficient way of applying tensile uniaxial stress along the [111] axis of a germanium crystal.
Published: 2015

31. Role of the reactive atmosphere during the sol-gel synthesis on the enhancing of the emission quantum yield of urea cross-linked tripodal siloxane-based hybrids

Author: Luís D. Carlos, Vania T. Freitas, Rute A. S. Ferreira, Edison Pecoraro, V. de Zea Bermudez, Sidney José Lima Ribeiro, and Patrícia P. Lima
Subjects: Controlled atmosphere, Photoluminescence, Materials science, METAL ACTIVATOR IONS, Inorganic chemistry, Quantum yield, SILICA SPHERES, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, LAMELLAR STRUCTURE, Materials Chemistry, Sol-gel, Condensation, BRIDGED SILSESQUIOXANES, General Chemistry, CARBOXYLIC-ACID SOLVOLYSIS, ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Attenuation coefficient, Siloxane, Ceramics and Composites, TUNABLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRIDS, 0210 nano-technology, ENERGY-TRANSFER, LIGHT-EMISSION
Abstract: Transparent monoliths and films of urea cross-linked tripodal siloxane-based hybrids (named tri-ureasils) were prepared by the sol-gel process, under controlled atmosphere (inside a glove box) and ambient conditions and their structure and optical features were compared. X-ray diffraction data point out that all the materials are essentially amorphous and Si-29 NMR reveal an increase in the condensation degree (0.97) for the hybrids prepared under controlled atmosphere relatively to that found for those prepared under ambient conditions (0.84-0.91). The tri-ureasils are white light emitters under UV/Visible excitation (from 250 to 453 nm) being observed for the composites prepared inside the glove box a significant enhancement (60-80 %) of the absorption coefficient and higher emission quantum yield values (similar to 0.27 and similar to 0.20 for monoliths and films, respectively) relatively to those synthesized under ambient condition.
Published: 2014

32. Porous silicon in solar cell structures

Subjects: MECHANISM, SI-H, CRYSTALLINE SILICON, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT, VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, MICROSTRUCTURE, LIGHT-EMISSION, LAYERS
Abstract: Porous silicon, which is being obtained by electrochemical etching of silicon wafers in electrolytes on the base of hydrofluoric acid, recently attracted the attention of specialists in photovoltaics even more due to a number of its unique properties. However, at present, acceptable results are obtained for the use of porous silicon as antireflecting coating for silicon solar cells only. In the present paper, previous experience of the use of per-Si in the silicon solar cells has been reviewed. an the base of examination of the porous silicon properties, a number of new directions of improvement of photoconversion efficiency of structures with optimized layers of porous silicon are proposed. The results of numerical calculations carried, confirm perspectiveness of use of porous silicon for efficiency improvement for different types of silicon solar cells. These can be increased of their internal quantum efficiency, expansions of operating spectral range toward ultra-violet and infrared spectrum range, decrease of losses of photogenerated power due to the influence of bulk and surface recombination. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 1999

33. Luminescent urea cross-linked tripodal siloxane-based hybrids

Author: Mariana Fernandes, Vânia T. Freitas, Luís D. Carlos, Patrícia P. Lima, Edison Pecoraro, V. de Zea Bermudez, and Rute A. S. Ferreira
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Photoluminescence, FEATURES, Analytical chemistry, Quantum yield, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, MECHANISMS, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, SOLVOLYSIS, ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRIDS, Materials Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Sol-gel, General Chemistry, MODIFIED SILICATES, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, NANOHYBRIDS, Siloxane, QUANTUM YIELDS, Ceramics and Composites, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRIDS, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, LIGHT-EMISSION
Abstract: This work reports the synthesis of novel sol-gel derived urea cross-linked tripodal siloxane-based hybrids (classed as tri-ureasils) modified by the addition of phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) and diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPDMS). The materials were produced as transparent monoliths and thin films (thickness = 3.3-17.5 +/- A 0.1 mu m) and characterized by X-ray diffraction, mid-infrared spectroscopy, Si-29 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The role played by PTES and DPDMS as light harvesting chromophores has been discussed and quantified through emission quantum yield and UV/Vis absorption measurements. All the hybrids show efficient emission at room temperature in the blue spectral region with maximum emission quantum yield values ranging from 0.01 +/- A 0.001 to 0.10 +/- A 0.01. The highest values were found for the tri-ureasils incorporating PTES and DPDMS essentially due to an increase in the absorption coefficient (from 1.4 x 10(3) cm(-1), for the pristine tri-ureasil, to 8.6 x 10(3) cm(-1), for the hybrids modified by the chromophores). The existence of energy transfer between the DPDMS and PTES excited states and the hybrid host intrinsic emitting levels (NH/C=O- and siliceous-related levels) has been discussed.
Published: 2013

34. Raman Amplifier Based on Amorphous Silicon Nanoparticles

Author: Soumendra N. Basu, L. Dal Negro, Maria Antonietta Ferrara, Luigi Sirleto, and I. Rendina
Subjects: Amorphous silicon, Materials science, EFFICIENCY, Silicon, Article Subject, Superlattice, lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Laser pumping, Nitride, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, law, 0103 physical sciences, SCATTERING, General Materials Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, symbols, Optoelectronics, LASER, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, business, Raman scattering, LIGHT-EMISSION
Abstract: The observation of stimulated Raman scattering in amorphous silicon nanoparticles embedded in Si-rich nitride/silicon superlattice structures (SRN/Si-SLs) is reported. Using a 1427 nm continuous-wavelength pump laser, an amplification of Stokes signal up to 0.9 dB/cm at 1540.6 nm and a significant reduction in threshold power of about 40% with respect to silicon are experimentally demonstrated. Our results indicate that amorphous silicon nanoparticles are a great promise for Si-based Raman lasers.
Published: 2012
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35. Competitive carrier interactions influencing the emission dynamics of GaAsSb-capped InAs quantum dots

Author: Michael Schmidt, David P. Williams, Huiyun Liu, Kamil Gradkowski, Guillaume Huyet, Nicola Pavarelli, D. J. Mowbray, and Tomasz J. Ochalski
Subjects: Photoluminescence, III-V semiconductors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Layer, Chemistry, Quantum dots, Electrons, Carrier lifetime, Light-emission, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Molecular physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Quantum wells, Quantum dot, Excited state, Light emission, Atomic physics, Ground state, Electronic band structure, Quantum well
Abstract: The optical properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots capped with a GaAsSb quantum well are investigated by means of power-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence. The structure exhibits the coexistence of a type-I ground state and few type-II excited states, the latter characterized by a simultaneous carrier density shift of the peak position and wavelength-dependent carrier lifetimes. Complex emission dynamics are observed under a high-power excitation regime, with the different states undergoing shifts during specific phases of the measurement. These features are satisfactorily explained in terms of band structure and energy level modifications induced by two competitive carrier interactions inside the structure. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4769431)
Published: 2012

36. Impact of Nitrogen incorporation on pseudomorphic site-controlled quantum dots grown by Metalorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy

Author: Valeria Dimastrodonato, Emanuele Pelucchi, L. O. Mereni, and Gediminas Juska
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gaas, Mu-m, 02 engineering and technology, Semiconductor growth, Nitride, Epitaxy, Inverted pyramids, 01 natural sciences, Gallium arsenide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, Semiconductor doping, Semiconductor quantum dots, 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Energy, Quantum dots, Biexcitons, Gallium compounds, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, MOCVD, Optoelectronics, Excitons, 0210 nano-technology, Photoluminescence, Materials science, III-V semiconductors, Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, Vapour phase epitaxial growth, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Indium compounds, Gainnas, 0103 physical sciences, Alloys, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Biexciton, business.industry, Condensed Matter::Other, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Emission spectra, Light-emission, Nanostructures, chemistry, Quantum dot, Fine structure, business
Abstract: We report on some surprising optical properties of diluted nitride InGaAs(1-epsilon)N(epsilon)/GaAs (epsilon << 1) pyramidal site-controlled quantum dots, grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned GaAs (111)B substrates. Microphotoluminescence characterizations showed antibinding exciton/biexciton behavior, a spread of exciton lifetimes in an otherwise very uniform sample, with unexpected long neutral exciton lifetimes (up to 7 ns) and a nearly zero fine structure splitting on a majority of dots. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. (doi:10.1063/1.3481675)
Published: 2011

37. A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. ABRAHAM, P. ABREU, M. AGLIETTA, E. J. AHN, D. ALLARD, I. ALLEKOTTE, J. ALLEN, J. ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M. AMBROSIO, L. ANCHORDOQUI, S. ANDRINGA, T. ANTICIC, A. ANZALONE, C. ARAMO, E. ARGANDA, K. ARISAKA, F. ARQUEROS, H. ASOREY, P. ASSIS, J. AUBLIN, M. AVE, G. AVILA, T. BACKER, D. BADAGNANI, M. BALZER, K. B. BARBER, A. F. BARBOSA, S. L. C. BARROSO, B. BAUGHMAN, P. BAULEO, J. BEATTY, B. R. BECKER, K. H. BECKER, A. BELLETOILE, J. A. BELLIDO, S. BENZVI, C. BERAT, T. BERGMANN, X. BERTOU, P. L. BIERMANN, P. BILLOIR, O. BLANCH BIGAS, F. BLANCO, M. BLANCO, H. BLUMER, M. BOHACOVA, D. BONCIOLI, C. BONIFAZI, R. BONINO, N. BORODAI, J. BRACK, P. BROGUEIRA, W. C. BROWN, R. BRUIJN, P. BUCHHOLZ, A. BUENO, R. E. BURTON, N. BUSCA, K. S. CABALLERO MORA, L. CARAMETE, R. CARUSO, A. CASTELLINA, O. CATALANO, G. CATALDI, L. CAZON, R. CESTER, J. CHAUVIN, A. CHIAVASSA, J. A. CHINELLATO, A. CHOU, J. CHUDOBA, R. W. CLAY, E. COLOMBO, R. CONCEICAO, F. CONTRERAS, H. COOK, M. COOPER, J. COPPENS, A. CORDIER, U. COTTI, S. COUTU, C. E. COVAULT, A. CREUSOT, A. CRISS, J. CRONIN, A. CURUTIU, S. DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R. DALLIER, K. DAUMILLER, B. R. DAWSON, R. M. DE, ALMEIDA, M. DEDOMENICO, C. DEDONATO, S. J. DEJONG, G. DELAVEGA, W. J. M. DEMELLOJUNIOR, J. DEMELLONETO, V. DESOUZAM, K. D. DEVRIES, G. DECERPRIT, L. DELPERAL, O. DELIGNY, A. DELLASELVA, C. DELLEFRATTE, H. DEMBINSKI, C. DIGIULIO, J. C. DIAZ, M. CASTRO, P. N. DIEP, C. DOBRIGKEIT, J. C. DOLIVO, P. N. DONG, A. DOROFEEV, J. C. DOSANJOS, M. DOVA, D. DURSO, I. DUTAN, M. A. DUVERNOIS, J. EBR, R. ENGEL, M. ERDMANN, C. O, A. ETCHEGOYEN, P. FACALSANLUIS, H. FALCKE, G. FARRAR, A. C. FAUTH, N. FAZZINI, A. FERRERO, B. FICK, A. FILEVICH, A. FILIPCIC, I. FLECK, S. FLIESCHER, C. E. FRACCHIOLLA, E. D. FRAENKEL, U. FROHLICH, W. FULGIONE, R. F. GAMARRA, S. GAMBETTA, B. GARCIA, D. GAMEZ, D. GARCIA PINTO, X. GARRIDO, G. GELMINI, H. GEMMEKEAG, P. L. GHIA, U. GIACCARI, M. GILLER, H. GLASS, L. GOGGIN, M. S. GOLD, G. GOLUP, F. GOMEZALBARRACIN, M. BERISSO, P. GONC ALVES, D. GONZALEZ, J. G. GONZALEZ, D. GORA, A. GORGI, P. GOUFFON, S. R. GOZZINI, E. GRASHORN, S. GREBE, M. GRIGAT, A. F. GRILLO, Y. GUARDINCERRI, F. GUARINO, G. P. GUEDES, J. D. HAGUE, V. HALENKA, P. HANSEN, D. HARARI, S. HARMSMA, J. L. HARTON, A. HAUNGS, T. HEBBEKER, D. HECK, A. E. HERVE, C. HOJVAT, V. C. HOLMES, P. HOMOLA, J. R. HORANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, M. HRABOVSKY, T. HUEGE, M. HUSSAIN, M. IARLORI, A. INSOLIA, F. IONITA, A. ITALIANO, S. JIRASKOVA, K. KADIJA, M. KADUCAK, K. H. KAMPERT, T. KAROVA, P. KASPER, B. KEGL, B. KEILHAUER, A. KEIVANI, J. KELLEY, E. KEMPO, R. M. KIECKHAFER, H. O. KLAGES, M. KLEIFGES, J. KLEINFELLER, R. KNAPIK, J. KNAPP, D. H. KOANG, A. KRIEGER, O. KROMER, D. KRUPPKE HANSEN, F. KUEHN, D. KUEMPEL, K. KULBARTZ, N. KUNKA, A. KUSENKO, G. LAROSA, C. LACHAUD, B. LAGO, P. LAUTRIDOU, M. S. A. B. LEAO, D. LEBRUN, P. LEBRUN, J. LEE, M. A. LEIGUIDEOLIVEIRA, A. LEMIERE, A. LETESSIER SELVON, I. LHENRY YVON, R. LOPEZ, A. LOPEZAGUERA, K. LOUEDEC, J. LOZANOBAHILO, A. LUCERO, M. LUDWIG, H. LYBERIS, M. C. MACCARONE, C. MACOLINO, S. MALDERA, D. MANDAT, P. MANTSCH, A. G. MARIAZZI, V. MARIN, I. C. MARIS, H. FALCON, O. BRAVO, H. J. MATHES, J. MATTHEWS, G. MATTHIAE, D. MAURIZIO, P. O. MAZUR, M. MCEWENBP, G. MEDINA TANCO, M. MELISSAS, D. MELO, E. MENICHETTI, A. MENSHIKOV, C. MEURER, S. MICANOVIC, M. I. MICHELETTI, W. MILLER, L. MIRAMONTI, S. MOLLERACH, M. MONASOR, D. MONNIERRAGAIGNE, F. MONTANET, B. MORALES, C. MORELLO, E. BA, J. C. MORENO, C. MORRIS, M. MOSTAFA, S. MUELLER, M. MULLER, R. MUSSA, G. NAVARRA, J. L. NAVARRO, S. NAVAS, P. NECESAL, L. NELLEN, P. NHUNG, N. NIERSTENHOEFER, D. NITZ, D. NOSEK, L. NOZKA, M. NYKLICEK, J. OEHLSCHLAGER, A. OLINTO, P. OLIVA, V. BR, M. ORTIZ, N. PACHECO, D. PAKKSELMI DEI, M. PALATKA, J. PALLOTTA, N. PALMIERI, G. PARENTE, E. PARIZOT, S. PARLATI, A. PARRA, J. PARRISIUS, R. PARSONS, S. PASTOR, T. PAUL, V. PAVLIDOU, K. PAYET, M. PECH, J. PEKALA, R. PELAYO, I. PEPE, R. PESCE, E. PETERMANN, S. PETRERA, P. PETRINCA, A. PETROLINI, Y. PETROV, J. PETROVIC, C. PFENDNER, R. PIEGAIA, T. PIEROG, M. PIMENTA, V. PIRRONELLO, M. PLATINO, V. H. PONCE, M. PONTZ, P. PRIVITERA, M. PROUZA, E. J. QUEL, J. RAUTENBERG, O. RAVEL, D. RAVIGNANI, A. REDONDO, B. REVENU, F. A. S. REZENDE, J. RIDKY, S. RIGGI, M. RISSE, P. RISTORI, C. RIVIERE, V. RIZI, C. ROBLEDO, G. RODRIGUEZ, J. RODRIGUEZMARTINO, J. RODRIGUEZROJO, I. RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D. RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G. ROS, J. ROSADO, T. ROSSLER, M. ROTH, B. ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E. ROULET, A. C. ROVERO, F. SALAMIDA, H. SALAZAR, G. SALINA, F. SANCHEZ, M. SANTANDER, C. E. SANTO, E. SANTO, E. M. SANTOS, F. SARAZIN, S. SARKAR, R. SATO, N. SCHARF, V. SCHERINI, H. SCHIELER, P. SCHIFFER, A. SCHMIDT, F. SCHMIDT, T. SCHMIDT, O. SCHOLTEN, H. SCHOORLEMMER, J. SCHOVANCOVA, P. SCHOVANEK, F. SCHROEDER, S. SCHULTE, F. SCHUSSLER, D. SCHUSTER, S. J. SCIUTTO, M. SCUDERI, A. SEGRETO, D. SEMIKOZ, R. SHELLARD, I. SIDELNIK, B. B. SIFFERT, G. SIGL, A. SMIAKOWSKI, R. SMIDA, G. R. SNOW, P. SOMMERS, J. SOROKIN, H. SPINKA, R. SQUARTINI, J. STASIELAK, M. STEPHAN, E. STRAZZERI, A. STUTZ, F. SUAREZ, T. SUOMIJARVI, A. D. SUPANITSKY, T. SUSA, M. S. SUTHERLAND, J. SWAIN, Z. SZADKOWSKI, A. TAMASHIRO, A. TAMBURRO, A. TAPIA, T. TARUTINA, O. TAS CAU, R. TCACIUC, D. TCHERNIAKHOVSKI, D. TEGOLO, N. T. THAO, D. THOMAS, J. TIFFENBERG, C. TIMMERMANS, W. TKACZYK, C. J. TODEROPEIXOTO, B. TOME, A. TONACHINI, P. TRAVNICEK, D. B. TRIDAPALLI, G. TRISTRAM, E. TROVATO, M. TUEROS, R. ULRICH, M. UNGER, M. URBAN, J. GALICIA, I. VALINO, L. VALORE, A. M. VANDENBERG, J. R. VAZQUEZ, R. A. VAZQUEZ, D. VEBERIC, T. VENTERS, V. VERZI, M. VIDELA, L. VILLASENOR, S. VOROBIOV, L. VOYVODIC, H. WAHLBERG, P. WAHRLICH, O. WAINBERG, D. WARNER, A. A. WATSON, S. WESTERHOFF, B. J. WHELAN, G. WIECZOREK, L. WIENCKE, B. WILCZYNSKA, H. WILCZYNSKI, C. WILLIAMS, T. WINCHEN, M. G. WINNICK, B. WUNDHEILER, T. YAMAMOTO, P. YOUNK, G. YUAN, A. YUSHKOV, E. ZAS, D. ZAVRTANIK, M. ZAVRTANIK, I. ZAW, A. ZEPEDA, M. ZIOLKOWSKI, BLEVE, Carla, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, SETTIMO, MARIANGELA, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, C., Moura, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Beau, T., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Chye, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Healy, M., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Mcneil, R., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Angstrom exponent, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, CROSS-SECTIONS, COSMIC-RAY SHOWERS, Observatory, DEPENDENCE, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Lidar, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], ANGSTROM EXPONENT, Pierre Auger Observatory, Bi-static lidar, ELECTRONS, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, MULTIPLE-SCATTERING, Light emission, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, LIGHT-EMISSION, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, SURFACE DETECTOR, Air fluorescence method, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, RECONSTRUCTION, Aerosol, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Aerosols, Calorimeter (particle physics), Atmospheric effect, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atmosphere, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, NITROGEN, Air shower, Fluorescence Telescopes, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, AEROSSOL
Abstract: The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perforin calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by Cosmic rays of above 10(18) eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group Of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, ail area exceeding 3000 km(2). The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements oil air shower reconstructions. Between 10(18) and 10(20) eV, the systematic Uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm(-2) to 8 g cm(-2) in measurements of the shower maximum., The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden- Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-W¨urttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione,dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2010

38. Photoluminescence energy and linewidth in GaN/AlN stackings of quantum dot planes

Author: Amélie Dussaigne, Benjamin Damilano, Pierre Lefebvre, Thierry Bretagnon, Sokratis Kalliakos, Bernard Gil, Thierry Taliercio, Nicolas Grandjean, Jean Massies, Groupe d'étude des semiconducteurs (GES), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur l'hétéroepitaxie et ses applications (CRHEA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Actions Concertées Incitatives du MENRT 'INTRANIT' et 'BUGATI'., European Project: HPRN-CT-1999- 00132,CLERMONT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, POLARIZATION, WELLS, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, NANOSTRUCTURES, Laser linewidth, DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, HETEROSTRUCTURES, CARRIER LIFETIME, Emission spectrum, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed matter physics, Quantum-confined Stark effect, Heterojunction, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, FIELDS, TIME, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Continuous wave, Light emission, 0210 nano-technology, LIGHT-EMISSION
Abstract: We analyze the room temperature photoluminescence properties of several multilayer stackings of GaN/AlN quantum dots. We report drastic differences of emission energies and linewidths between continuous wave and time-resolved photoluminescence experiments. In continuous wave experiments, the screening of internal electric fields by accumulation of e-h pairs in quantum dot planes induces a blue-shift as well as an unexpected narrowing of the emission line, when the laser intensity is increased. Under intense, pulsed excitation, in time-resolved photoluminescence, a substantial blue-shift is induced, due to the partial cancelation of the quantum confined Stark effect. When the system is again free to relax, we observe a time-dependent red-shift of the line, which maintains a fairly constant width. We attribute the observed behavior of energies and linewidths to the intricate contributions of the in-plane distribution of dot sizes and of the depth-dependent decrease of the degree of excitation of the different planes. We support our interpretations by the use of a model based on a self-consistent solution of the Schrodinger and Poisson equations within the envelope function approximation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.
Published: 2004

39. Evaluation and comparison of the GUS, LUC and GFP reporter system for gene expression studies in plants

Author: W. van Leeuwen, A.R. van der Krol, John Verhees, N.C.A. de Ruijter, and Plant Physiology (SILS, FNWI)
Subjects: signal-transduction, light-emission, GUS reporter system, Plant Science, Biology, tobacco plants, Green fluorescent protein, firefly luciferase expression, Gene expression, Enhancer trap, Laboratorium voor Plantenfysiologie, beta-glucuronidase activity, Gene, vital marker, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Reporter gene, EPS-1, Beta-glucuronidase activity, green-fluorescent protein, fungi, food and beverages, transgenic arabidopsis plants, Laboratorium voor Celbiologie, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, enhancer trap, escherichia-coli, Bioreporter, Laboratory of Plant Physiology
Abstract: The detailed analysis of the expression pattern of a plant gene can give important clues about its function in plant development, cell differentiation and defence reactions. Gene expression studies have been greatly facilitated by the employment of proteins like beta-glucuronidase (GUS), green fluorescent protein (GFP), and firefly luciferase (LUC) as reporters of gene activity. The application of reporter genes in plants, specifically in the field of gene expression studies, has expanded over the years from a mere tool to quantify (trans) gene expression in tissue samples, to real-time imaging of in planta promoter dynamics. To correctly interpret the activity that is given by each reporter, it is important to have a good understanding of the intrinsic properties of the different reporter proteins. Here we discuss those properties of GUS, LUC and GFP that are of interest in gene expression studies.
Published: 2003

40. Electrostatic Mechanophores in Tuneable Light-Emitting Piezopolymer Nanowires.

Author: Persano L, Camposeo A, Terentjevs AV, Della Sala F, Fabiano E, Montinaro M, and Pisignano D
Abstract: Electromechanical coupling through piezoelectric polymer chains allows the emission of organic molecules in active nanowires to be tuned. This effect is evidenced by highly bendable arrays of counter-ion dye-doped nanowires made of a poly(vinylidenefluoride) copolymer. A reversible redshift of the dye emission is found upon the application of dynamic stress during highly accurate bending experiments. By density functional theory calculations it is found that these photophysical properties are associated with mechanical stresses applied to electrostatically interacting molecular systems, namely to counterion-mediated states that involve light-emitting molecules as well as charged regions of piezoelectric polymer chains. These systems are an electrostatic class of supramolecular functional stress-sensitive units, which might impart new functionalities in hybrid molecular nanosystems and anisotropic nanostructures for sensing devices and soft robotics., (© 2017 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
Published: 2017
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41. Light-emitting devices with conjugated polymers.

Author: Yu DX
Subjects: Models, Theoretical, Polystyrenes chemistry, Quantum Theory, Thiophenes chemistry, Light, Polymers chemistry
Abstract: This article introduces a previous study and tremendous progress in basic theoretical modeling, material developments and device engineering for polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs).
Published: 2011
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42. Metal Halide Perovskite Polycrystalline Films Exhibiting Properties of Single Crystals

Author: Brenes, R, Guo, D, Osherov, A, Noel, NK, Eames, C, Hutter, EM, Pathak, SK, Niroui, F, Friend, RH, Islam, MS, Snaith, HJ, Bulović, V, Savenije, TJ, and Stranks, SD
Subjects: photovoltaics, light-emission, photoluminescence, passivation, semiconductors, time-resolved microwave conductivity, 7. Clean energy, perovskite solar cells
Abstract: Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in solar cells and light-emission applications, but devices still show substantial non-radiative losses. Here, we show that by combining light and atmospheric treatments, we can increase the internal luminescence quantum efficiencies of polycrystalline perovskite films from 1% to 89%, with carrier lifetimes of 32 μs and diffusion lengths of 77 μm, comparable with perovskite single crystals. Remarkably, the surface recombination velocity of holes in the treated films is 0.4 cm/s, approaching the values for fully passivated crystalline silicon, which has the lowest values for any semiconductor to date. The enhancements translate to solar cell power-conversion efficiencies of 19.2%, with a near-instant rise to stabilized power output, consistent with suppression of ion migration. We propose a mechanism in which light creates superoxide species from oxygen that remove shallow surface states. The work reveals an industrially scalable post-treatment capable of producing state-of-the-art semiconducting films.

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