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Copyright of Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the parameters of vascular and oxidative damage caused by sepsis and to evaluated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on these damages. Materials and Methods: Wistar-Albino male rats were used for this study. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Group 1 animals were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with sterile saline (Control Group). Group 2 animals were i.p injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 20 mg / kgweight dose (Sepsis Group). Group 3 animals were i.p injected with lipopolysaccharide, 20 mg / kg-weight dose. Immediately after LPS injection, CAPE was i.p injected at single dose, 10 µmol / kg-body weight (Treatment Group). A single dose of CAPE, 10 µmol / kg-body weight / day, was injected i.p to Group 4 animals for 5 days. After 5th day CAPE injection, a single dose of LPS 20 mg / kgweight was injected (Protective Group). At the 6th hour after the injections applied to all groups, blood sample were taken intracardiac and their serum were separated for the studies. Homocysteine (Hcy), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the protective and therapeutic effects of CAPE on these parameters was investigated. Results: Control group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 4.987 ± 0.096 µmol/l, 0.803 ± 0.020 nmol/ml, 21.123 ± 2.575 ng/l, 3.155 ± 0.078 ng/ml, respectively. Sepsis group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 8.975 ± 0.160 µmol/l, 3.953 ± 0.678 nmol/ml, 52.446 ± 2.546 ng/l, 10.783 ± 1.068 ng/ml, respectively. Treatment group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 5.286 ± 0.037 µmol/l, 1.304 ± 0.040 nmol/ml, 27.995 ± 1.299 ng/l, 3.72 ± 0.073 ng/ml, respectively. Protective group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 5.401 ± 0.042 µmol/l, 1.431 ± 0.056 nmol/ml, 32.708 ± 1.326 ng/l, 4.058 ± 0.069 ng/ml, respectively. It was observed that the Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels of the sepsis group increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was observed that CAPE treatment significantly decreased these parameters levels. However, the use of CAPE as a protective was not as effective as its treatment effect. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that sepsis resulted in increase Hcy, ADMA, ET-1, VCAM-1 levels. All these changes indicate that sepsis-mediated vascular damage is increased. Our results demonstrated that CAPE is more effective in preventing sepsis-mediated damages when given as a treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) and cigarette consumption with homocysteine, Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Arylesterase (ARE), and Lipoprotein-a (Lp (a)), which are known as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Material and Methods: The individuals included in the study were divided into three groups as Maras powder users (n = 38), cigarette smokers (n = 38), and healthy volunteers who did not use either tobacco group (n = 38). Serum homocysteine, PON-1, ARE, and Lp (a) levels of all participants were examined. Results: When the groups are compared, the highest homocysteine level was in the Maras powder group. While the difference between the control group and the Maras powder group was statistically significant, the difference between the control and smokers groups was statistically insignificant. Although PON values were lower in both the Maras powder and smokers groups than the control group, the difference was significant only in the smoking group. ARE was significantly lower, and Lp (a) was significantly higher in both tobacco smokers groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Serum homocysteine, PON-1, ARE, and Lp (a) level are associated with Maras powder use. Homocysteine may be a useful early marker for cardiovascular disease in those who use Maras powder.

Strong association between homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is documented in individuals with schizophrenia and it is suggested that alterations in Hcy levels might be secondary to metabolic changes induced by atypical antipsychotics (AA). Serum paraoxonase (PON-1) activity, which is negatively affected by increased Hcy concentrations are lower in schizophrenia, and this may impact the development of metabolic side effects. Forty-five subjects with schizophrenia and 43 healthy volunteers, matched according to age, gender, smoking habits, and MetS predictors, were enrolled in this study to examine how Hcy level, PON-1 activity, and MetS indicators influence each other in schizophrenic individuals on AA treatment. Serum Hcy concentrations were significantly higher (15 ± 8 μmol/L vs 12 ± 3 μmol/L), and PON activity tended to be impaired (182±82 U/L vs 216 ± 110 U/L) in schizophrenia. Serum Hcy concentrations were not different between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome in study (14±4 μmol/L and 16±9 μmol/L) and control groups (12±3 μmol/L and 13±7 μmol/L), respectively. Similarly, PON and aryl esterase (AE) activities were not different between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome in study (PON: 185±100 U/L and 181±76 U/L; AE: 84±34 kU/L and 89±20 kU/L) and control (PON: 215±111 U/L and 216±113 U/L; AE: 83±27 kU/L and 88±33 kU/L) groups, respectively. . Hcy levels and MetS predictors were not statistically correlated. Results indicate that schizophrenic subjects on AA treatment have increased levels of Hcy compared to healthy controls and this is not influenced by the presence of MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karya Journal of Health Science is the property of Karya Journal of Health Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sakarya Tıp Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Tip Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It has paradoxically both antifibrinolytic and pro-hemorrhagic effects. In the study, we investigated the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) levels on thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Materials and. Methods: Patients who received intravenous (iv) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) between 2005 and 2021 and had Hcy levels measured within the first 3 days were reviewed in terms of tPA efficacy, prognosis and intracerebral hemorrhage. The efficacy of tPA treatment was categorized as effective response (decrease of at least 4 points or a decrease in score to zero) and dramatic response (decrease of at least 8 points or a decrease in score to either zero or one) according to NIHSS score at 24 hours. Scores of 0 and 1 were classified as "excellent outcome", and scores of 0, 1, and 2 were classified as "good outcome" on the modified Rankin scale evaluated at 3 months. Hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated according to Fiorelli's classification. Results: Effective response was observed in 46.7% of the 182 patients (mean age 71±14 years; 99 women) included in the study, and dramatic response in 31.3%. Excellent outcome was reported in 33% of the patients, and good outcome in 53.3%. Cerebral hemorrhage of any severity was detected in 15.9% of the patients, and parenchymal hematoma type 2 in 5.5%. In the analyses made for assessing iv tPA response and cerebral hemorrhage status, no difference was found in terms of Hcy level and between the subgroups formed with different cut-off values of Hcy level. Conclusion: In our study, hyperhomocysteinemia, which is known to have negative effects on fibrinolysis and vascular integrity, did not show a significant effect on iv tPA efficacy, prognosis and complications. Prospective and large-sample sized studies are needed to better demonstrate these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As life expectancy increases over time, the incidence of neurological diseases has increased and it is important to conduct clinical and scientific studies on these issues, as they impair quality of life and cause an additional burden on the health expenditures of countries. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder. Multiple studies have been carried out to elucidate its pathogenesis. It is thought that environmental and genetic factors, enzymes and amino acids in folate metabolism, and enzymatic transformations between vitamins contribute to the development of PD in varying degrees. The levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and vit B 12 levels, and key enzymes on folate metabolism (Methionine synthase reductase MTRR, Methionine synthase; MTR, 5,10-methyleneTHF reductase; MTHFR) may have impact on the development of PD, especially, changes on enzyme activities due to genetic polymorphism. The results obtained from studies on this subject are controversial. In the present review, the impacts of polymorphic enzymes in folate metabolism, and Hcy and B12 vit on the development of PD was evaluated by reviewing recent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, vitamin B12 eksikliği olan çocuklarda oksidatif stres belirteci olarak tiyol/disülfit dengesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya vitamin B12 eksikliği olan 61 çocuk hasta ve 62 sağlıklı çocuk kontrol grubu olarak dahil edildi. Katılımcıların vitamin B12, homosistein, tam kan sayımı ve tiyol/disülfit dengesi parametreleri ölçüldü. Grupların klinik ve laboratuvar parametreleri karşılaştırıldı. Tiyol/disülfit dengesi parametreleri ile vitamin B12 ve homosistein arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Bulgular: Gruplar yaş ve cinsiyet dağılımı açısından benzerdi. Medyan vitamin B12 düzeyi hasta grubunda 179 (98-199) pg/ml, kontrol grubunda 298 (201-965) pg/ml idi. Hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında; homosistein, nativ tiyol, total tiyol, disülfit, disülfit/nativ tiyol oranı, disülfit/total tiyol oranı ve nativ tiyol/total tiyol oranı açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Hasta ve kontrol grubunda, tiyol/disülfit dengesi parametreleri ile vitamin B12 ve homosistein düzeyleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon saptanmadı. Sonuç: Hasta grubumuzda vitamin B12 düzeyinin belirgin düşük olmaması nedeniyle homosistein düzeyinde anlamlı artış olmadığı düşünülmüştür. Homosisteini artırmayan bir vitamin B12 eksikliğinin, oksidatif stresi artırmayacağı, dolayısıyla antioksidan kapasiteyi de artırmayacağı öngörülebilir.

Objective: The evidences from experimental and epidemiological studies suggests that elevated serum homocysteine levels may lead to renal injury and may be a significant risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between serum homocysteine level and crescent formation in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis. Material and Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed as biopsy proven IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis and idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis in three Pediatric Nephrology centers within the last five years and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Results: Homocysteine levels of patients were higher than the upper limit of normal value and also higher than the controls (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference between the patients with or without crescent formation regarding homocysteine levels (p>0.05). Presence or severity of proteinuria was not related to homocysteine levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: Serum homocysteine levels are elevated in patients with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis. Our results suggest that elevated serum homocysteine levels may be related to segmental glomerulosclerosis in these patient groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels in patients with Parkinson's disease and to investigate the effect of entacapone use on homocysteine levels. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who were followed up in our outpatient clinic between 2009 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded. The control group consisted of healthy subjects with similar demographic characteristics. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment they received. Results: The control group consisted of 22 healthy subjects (group 1), group 2 comprised 22 patients [entacapone (+)], and group 3 constitued 50 patients [entacapone (-)]. The homocysteine levels of the control group were significantly lower than the entacapone (-) and entacapone (+) groups. The vitamin B12 level of the control group was significantly higher than in the entacapone (-) group. The folate levels of the control group were significantly higher than those of the entacapone (-) group. There was no significant difference between the entacapone (-) and entacapone (+) groups in terms of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels. Conclusion: Levodopa treatment affects homocysteine levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. The effect of levodopa + entacapone on plasma homocysteine levels should be evaluated together with basal vitamin B12 and folate levels and genetic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (HCY), and creatinine, urea, venous blood gas and electrolytes values in neonatal calves with diarrhea. The study was conducted on a total of 30 calves, 20 with diarrhea and 10 healthy (control), with diarrhea complaints, of different races, sexes and ages ranging from 2-24 days. According to the venous blood gas results, the pCO2 and base deficit values of calves with diarrhea were significantly higher (P<0.001) compared to the control group values, while pH, pO2 and HCO3 values were significantly lower (P<0.001). While serum Na+ and Cl- concentrations in diarrheic calves did not show any statistical change when compared to the control group (P>0.05), serum K+ concentrations were statistically higher (P<0.001). Serum HCY, folate and vitamin B12 concentration values of diarrheic calves were significantly higher (P<0.001) when compared to the control group. As a result; in neonatal calves with diarrhea, it has been concluded that homocystein excretion is disrupted by low renal excretion due to decrease in glomerular filtration rate that caused hyperhomocysteine. In addition, it is thought that this study will shed light on studies that will reveal the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia in the cardiovascular system in diarrheic calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Vitamin B12 ve folik asit DNA sentezi, tamiri ve ekspresyonunda önemli görevler alırlar. Bu çalışmada çocukluk çağı kanserleri ile vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kasım 2013 ve Aralık 2015 arasında yeni tanı alan solid tümörlü 125, lenfoproliferatif/miyeloproliferatif malign hastalığı olan 113 hasta ve 63 kontrol çalışmaya dahil edildi. Vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeyleri tanısal çalışmaların bir parçası olarak tanı anında ölçüldü.Bulgular: Vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeyleri malign hastalığı olan çocuklarda kontrol grubuna oranla anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Homosistein düzeyleri ise kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksekti. Folik asit düzeyleri lenfoproliferatif/miyeloproliferatif malign hastalığı olanlarda solid tümör grubuna oranla daha düşüktü.Sonuç: Düşük vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeyleri kanser tanısında destekleyici belirteçler olarak kullanılabilir. Bu ilişkinin gelecekte daha geniş serilerle ortaya konması gerekmektedir.

maç: Bu çalışmada Down sendromlu çocuk sahibi olan hastalarda MTHFR (Metilentetrahidrofolat redüktaz) geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri allel frekansları ve genotip dağılımlarını belirlemek ve bu genotipler ile folat ve homosistein düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: MTHFR geninin iki yaygın varyantı C677T ve A1298C, Türkiye Çukurova Bölgesi’ nde Down Sendromu tanısı almış çocukların annelerinde (hasta grubu, n=67) ve sağlıklı çocuk sahibi annelerde (kontrol grubu, n=66) araştırılmıştır. MTHFR genotipleri PZR amplifiye ürünlerinin RFLP analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: C677T polimorfizmi için genotip ve allel frekansları bakımından hasta ve kontrol grupları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Hasta grubunda T alleli frekansına ait oran (%53.7) yüksek iken kontrol grubunda C alleli frekansına ait oran (%62.9) yüksektir. Ayrıca A1298C polimorfizmi için genotip ve allel frekansları bakımından hasta ve kontrol grupları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Hasta grubunda C alleli frekansına ait oran (%40.8) yüksek iken kontrol grubunda A alleli frekansına ait oran (%70.3) yüksektir. Sonuç: C677T polimorfizmi Down sendromlu çocuk sahibi olma durumu ile ilişkili iken A1298C polimorfizmi ilişkili değildir. 1298C alleli ile 677T alleli Down sendromu riski ile yakın ilişkili olabilir.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high maternal homocysteine levels and early pregnancy losses. Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with miscarriage (missed, incomplete and threatened) between 5 and 12 weeks of gestation and 54 pregnant women without any problem during their follow-up were compared in terms of homocysteine levels during pregnancy. Results: The highest mean serum homocysteine level among the miscarriage groups was in the threatened miscarriage group (8.9+3.9 nmol/i), followed by 7.8+2.5 and 8.7+4.2 nmol/1 in the missed and incomplete miscarriage groups, respectively. The mean serum homocysteine level in the control group was 4.8±0.9 nmol/1. The homocysteine levels of the control group were significantly lower than all three miscarriage groups (p<0.01). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the homocysteine levels of the miscarriage groups (p>0.05). When compared to the control group, the most significant difference among the serum homocysteine levels was found in the missed miscarriage (p<0.01). Conclusion: High homocysteine levels detected during early weeks of gestation can be a warning about the miscarriage risk, and also may provide insight about the obstetric complications that may develop in the further weeks of gestation such as preeclampsia, ablatio placentae and intrauterine growth restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid that is formed during methionine metabolism. Patients under long-term antiepileptic drug treatment often have hyperhomocysteinemia. These patients have low levels of serum folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6, all of which are associated with homocysteine metabolism. We have investigated the effects of valproic acid and new generation antiepileptic drugs (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) on plasma levels of homocysteine and aminothiols as well as serum vitamin B12 and folic acid. Materials and methods: Forty-seven idiopathic epileptic patients on antiepileptic drugs were compared with 38 age-matched healthy controls. Commercial immunoassay methods were used for vitamin B12 and folic acid analyses. Homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant difference in patient and control values in terms of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine. Valproic acid and lamotrigine seemed to effect aminothiol redox status. Glutathione levels of epileptic patients receiving valproic acid and lamotrigine were higher than controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that redox homeostasis may be impaired and glutathione synthesis increased in response to the oxidative stress caused by antiepileptic drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study included 43 postmenopausal women who were admitted to Dicle University Medical School Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, body fat mass and percentage, 24-hour arterial tension measurements, homocysteine (Hcy), lipid and vitamin B12 levels, and Framingham risk score (FRS) were compared between obese (BMI≥30 kg/m²) and non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m²) patients. Results: The patients included 25 (58.1%) obese and 18 (41.9%) non-obese patients. Abdominal obesity was seen in 29 (67.4%) and truncal obesity in 18 (41.9%) participants. Family history of cardiac disease was seen in 25 (58.1%) women, most of whom were obese. Based on FRS, moderate cardiovascular risk was assessed in 21.6%, but none of the participants were at high risk. FRS was positively correlated with Hcy and waist/hip ratio. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that age- and gender-dependent differences must be taken into consideration for cardiovascular risk assessments and postmenopausal women should be informed about obesity and hypertension in order to improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of this study is to detect serum homocysteine increase (Hcy) and paraoxonase decrease together with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms in Alzheimer's patients and to evaluate the correlation with clinic in these patients. Material and Methods: In our study; total 103 individuals were included and 51 of them had Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis clinically according to DSM-IV criteria and 52 of them did not have AD. In patient and control group; Hcy levels and paraoxonase activity, MTHFR C677T -- A1298C and PON1 L55M - Q192R gene polymorphisms were investigated. Results: Average age of the patients in our study was found as 73.67±7.91 years. In patient group; Hcy level was significantly high (p:0,024) and paraoxonase activity was found low in patient group (p:0,047). In patients with MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphism, Hcy levels were high but there was no significant difference between groups (p>0,05). In PON1 L55M polymorphism PON levels were low (p<0,009). In patients with Q192R polymorphism PON levels were significantly high especially in heterozygote group (p:0,024). Conclusion: It was seen that Hcy levels were high and PON activity was low in Alzheimer's disease. MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphism could not be associated with AD but it was observed that the polymorphism could increase Hcy levels. As a result; PON 1 L55M polymorphism was thought to be a risk factor in AD and on the other hand Q192R polymorphism was thought to be a protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a methylated L-arginine analog, is a major endogenous competitive inhibitor of Nitric oxide (NO). NO is an important critical vasoactive mediator synthesized by the vascular endothelium, previously referred to as endothelium-derived relaxing factor. ADMA is a novel risk factor and a novel statement of endothelial dysfunction. ADMA levels are clinically increased in several clinical conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, insulin resistance syndrome, dyslipidemia. Material and Methods: Thirty-one healthy children and 39 patients with Type 1 DM diagnosis, routinely followed by Keçiören Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic between 2011 and 2013 were included in the study. Gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar values and diabetes duration were obtained from patient files. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, ADMA, HbA1c, folate and homocysteine levels were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the Type 1 DM group and the control group with respect to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Average ADMA level in the Type 1 DM patient group (0.7±0.4 pmol/L) was significantly higher than the control group (0.6±0.1 pmol/L) (p=0.004). The homocysteine and folate levels for the two groups were similar and the differences were not significant (p=0.368 and 0.887, respectively). Conclusion: The relation between endothelium damage and ADMA may lead to follow up ADMA measurement values being used as a pre marker for vascular damage in type 1 diabetes, and in turn help in preventing vascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in increased homocysteine levels in the body. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes a predisposition to venous and arterial thrombosis and ischaemic insults. The incidence of the deficiency is around 40% in some countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of anaesthetic agents in children with MTHFR deficiency. Methods: Twelve paediatric patients with an MTHFR enzyme deficiency who underwent surgery in a ten-month period in a single centre were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic data, homocysteine levels before and after surgery, anaesthesia management and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: In four patients, propofol was used both for anaesthesia induction and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Eight patients received sevoflurane for both induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Nitrous oxide (N2O) was not used in any patients.There was not a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative homocysteine levels (p>0.05). Twenty-four hours after the surgery, the homocysteine levels were within normal limits. No complications were observed. Conclusion: Sevoflurane and propofol have no deleterious effects on homocysteine levels in patients with MTHFR deficiency. Avoidance of N2O is the key point for anaesthetic consideration regarding these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Koroner arter hastalığında (KAH) Lipoprotein (Lp) (a), homosistein (Hcy), yüksek duyarlıklı C-reaktif protein (hs-CRP) ve fibrinojen gibi majör ve diğer risk faktörlerinin tanısal değerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Metotlar: Çalışmaya koroner anjiyografi sonucuna gore 118"i KAH ve 105"i KAH olmadığı belirlenen toplam 223 kişi dahil edildi. Lipoprotein (a), Hcy, hs-CRP ve fibrinojen düzeyleri sırasıyla, immünoturbidometrik, flöresan polarizasyon immünoassay ve nefelometrik yöntemlerle ölçüm yapıldı. Açlık glukoz ve düşük dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K) dışındaki lipid parametrelerine enzimatik kolorimetrik yöntemlerle bakılmış olup, LDL-K düzeyleri Fridewald formülüne göre hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Lojistik regresyon modelinde biyokimyasal değişkenlerden en önemlileri göre Lp (a), Hcy, hs-CRP ve fibrinojen olarak belirlenmiştir. Lipoprotein (a), Hcy, hs-CRP ve fibrinojenin herbir ünitesinin sırasıyla, 1.029, 1.177, 1.027 ve 1.013 kat KAH riskini artırdığı gösterilmiştir. Bu parametrelerden KAH için öngörüsü en hassas ve etkili olanın fibrinojen olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç: Lipoprotein (a), Hcy, hs-CRP ve fibrinojen KAH için bağımsız risk faktörleri olması yanında bunların arasında en önemlisinin fibrinojen olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fibrinojen, klinik uygulamada KAH için güvenilir bir risk factör olarak kullanılabilir.

The article discusses a study which assessed the correlation between reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism and homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels, and DNA fragmentation in patients with ovarian cancer. Topics covered include findings which showed that there is no association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer, and that patients with ovarian cancer had increased DNA fragmentation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate levels of homocysteine (Hcy), folate, vitamin B12, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and to assess relationship between Hcy levels and inflammatory mediators including IL-6 and TNF-α in untreated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The study included 55 women including 30 newly diagnosed and untreated female RA patients and 25 agematched healthy individuals as controls. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESH), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in RA patients than controls (p<0.05). Homocysteine levels were higher in RA group when compared to controls; however, folate and vitamin B12 levels were not different between groups (p>0.05). There were no significant correlations between Hcy levels and acute phase reactants or inflammatory mediators (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-α and hyper-homocysteinemia are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. There was no significant correlation between Hcy levels and inflammatory mediators, although levels of these molecules were elevated in RA. Both inflammatory mediators and Hcy may cause an increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders through diverse pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the parameters of endothelial function and platelet activation in children with familial hypercholesterolemia by measuring plasma homocysteine, asymmetrical dimethyl arginine (ADMA), nitrotyrosine and P-selectin levels. Methods: Thirty-five heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients on statin therapy, 10 homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients treated by LDL apheresis and lipid-lowering drugs, and 25 healthy children, all aged between 2 to 16 years were enrolled in this study. Echocardiography was performed and intima-media thickness (IMT), and endothelium-dependent vasodilation parameters were evaluated. LDL apheresis was performed by adsorption method using double-membrane filtration technique. Plasma nitrotyrosine, homocysteine, P-selectin and ADMA levels were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercial kit. Results: Plasma homocysteine (p=0.000), ADMA (p=0.005), nitrotyrosine (p=0.808), p-selectin (p=0.466) levels were lowest in the LDL apheresis group. A positive correlation was detected between homocysteine and intima/media thickness (r=0.334, p=0.043). Showed that LDL apheresis therapy might decrease plasma levels of homocysteine, ADMA, and nitrotyrosine, and might eventually play an important role in the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and platelet activity. Conclusion: Our data showed that at post-LDL apheresis status the homozygous hyperlipidemic children have lower levels of homocysteine, ADMA, and nitrotyrosine, compared with the heterozygous hyperlipidemic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional vitamin B12 deficiency is a syndrome where a wide variety of symptoms in the presence of "normal" serum levels of the vitamin respond to vitamin B12 therapy. A series of patients with functional vitamin B12 deficiency are described whose presenting features were drenching night sweats and fatigue. Reliance on serum vitamin B12 levels as a diagnostic test would have obscured the cause of their symptoms. Serum homocysteine and/or methlymalonic acid levels should be done in all patients with suspected B12 deficiency. Normal levels of these metabolites do not exclude diagnosis and empirical treatment may be justifiable in certain cases. Author also argues that oral vitamin B12 treatment results in suboptimal clinical response in a vast majority of patients and intramuscular route should be preferred in most patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy can cause severe demyelinating central nervous system disorder. Most cases are exclusively breast-fed infants born to mothers with deficient vitamin B12 stores. As maternal vitamin B12 stores are the main determinant of neonatal vitamin B12 status, we aimed to determine the vitamin B12 status of pregnant women at term in our region. Material and Methods: Serum vitamin B12, folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations in addition to routine testings were measured 1-24 hour(s) before delivery in 62 pregnant women. Besides, infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency were referred to pediatric hematology unit for evaluation. Results: Thirty-six (58.1%) women had a low serum vitamin B12 level (<200 pg/ml). The mean plasma homocysteine was found as 6.82 ± 2.38 µmol/L. Among the 36 neonates whose mothers had a low serum vitamin B12 before delivery, 20 were admitted for examination. Plasma hcy level was not available in four infants. In the remaining 16, 13 (81.3%) had both a decreased vitamin B12 level (<259 pg/ml), and an elevated homocysteine concentration (>9.99 µmol/L). All of the 20 infants examined had normal neurodevelopmental findings. Vitamin B12 supplementation resulted in normalization of vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in all the cases. Conclusion: The frequency of neonatal vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to maternal deficiency may be higher than thought in Samsun province of Turkey. Large-scale screening studies may reveal its prevalence more accurately, and may help in taking preventive measurements more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and lipid levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The association of cardiovascular risk with C-reactive protein and homocysteine has been debated for decades. Resistin and microalbuminuria are presumed to be associated with diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship of microalbuminuria with antropometric and metabolic parameters, C-reactive protein, homocyteine and resistin in non-diabetic hypertensive females. Methods: We conducted a randomized study including 37 female non-diabetic hypertensives without microalbuminuria and 47 female non-diabetic hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria. We made comparisons of anthropometric and metabolic parameters, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, insulin resistance index and resistin between the groups. Results: C-reactive protein, homocysteine, resistin, insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were higher in hypertensives with microalbuminuria than in hypertensives without microalbuminuria (all p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that microalbuminuria may have an influence on C-reactive protein, homocysteine and resistin levels in non-diabetic hypertensives. We also think that insulin and insulin resistance may also be related with microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive female patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for early onset of atherosclerosis. In this study, it was aimed to determine whether total homocysteine (tHcy), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels have an early predictive value like glycolysated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels in assessment of metabolic condition of children with type I diabetes. Material and Method: Study group consisted of 65 children and adolescents who had type I diabetes but not clinical findings of microvascular and macrovascular complications and 20 healthy children and adolecents with the same age group and gender. Blood samples were obtained from diabetic patients, treatments were arranged and patients were followed up (Group I diabetic patients). Patients were re-evaluated at the end of 1 year and blood samples were obtained again (Group II diabetic patients). Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the first (11.1±3.3 nmol/L) and the second tHcy levels (10.2±1.7 }imol/L) of diabetic patients and tHcy levels of control group (8.9±2 iimol/L)(p<0.05 and <0.01, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the first (10.4±5.4 mg/dl) and the second Lp(a) levels (9.0±4.3 mg/dl) of diabetic patients and Lp(a) levels of control group (5.3±2.8 mg/dl) (p<0.01 and <0.001, respectively). A statistically significant difference was not found when vWF levels of diabetic groups I and 11 and control group were compared (p>0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between tHcy and HbAlc, microalbumin in Group I diabetic patients (r=0,389, p=0,02; r=0,286, p=0,034, respectively). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between HbAlc and homocysteine, vWF, microalbumin (r=0,428, p=0,001; r=0,328, p=0,024; r=0,742, p=0,001, respectively) and vWF and microalbumin levels (r=0,560, p=0,001) in Group II diabetic patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, that tHcy and Lp(a) could be beneficial for assessment of metabolic control of diabetes, treatments toward reducing the complications of diabetes or the outcomes of additions to diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obesity and age related vascular changes coupled with the effect of estrogen withdrawal increases predisposition to atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. But the functions of high density lipoprotein (HDL) were not well established in postmenopausal women. In the present study, we mainly aimed to evaluate the changes in the functions of HDL and aimed to measure, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and homocysteine levels as a supporting evidence in pre and postmenopausal obese women as a result of estrogen depletion. Material and Methods: T his s tudy i ncluded 2 0 p remenopausal, 2 2 p ostmenopausal 4 2 obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) and 26 premenopausal non-obese. These twenty six premenopausal women with normal BMI (20

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of major and other risk factors as lipoprotein (Lp) (a), homocysteine (Hcy), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen in CAD patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 223 subjects (118 patients and 105 controls) were included in the study according to their coronary angiographic results. Lipoprotein (a), Hcy, hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels were measured using immunoturbidometric, florescent polarization immunoassay and nefelometric methods, respectively. Fasting glucose and lipid parameters, except low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), are determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods and the LDL-C levels were calculated by the Fridewald formula. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that when the biochemical variables in placed in a model, the most important variables were Lp (a), Hcy, hs-CRP and fibrinogen. We showed that each unit of Lp (a), Hcy, hs-CRP and fibrinogen increases the risk of CAD 1.029, 1.177, 1.027 and 1.013 fold, respectively. Among these, fibrinogen level was the most sensitive and efficient parameter in prediction of CAD. Conclusion: Although Lp (a), Hcy, hs-CRP and fibrinogen are independent risk factors for CAD, fibrinogen was the most important one. Fibrinogen can be used as a reliable risk factor for CAD in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is well known that patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin therapy, may be exposed to vitamin B12 deficiency. Our study aimed to compare the effects of metformin versus metformin plus calcium treatments on serum vitamin Bu levels in newly diagnosed T2DM and IFG patients. Material and Methods: The study patients with a new diagnosis of T2DM and IFG were randomised into two groups; one group received metformin; daily 2x1000 mg (group 1), while the other group received metformin; 2x1000 mg/d plus oral calcium supplements; 1x1000 mg/d (group 2) in a 3 month-period. Fasting blood glucose, vitamin B12, lipid parameters, HbA1c and homocysteine levels were compared before and after the treatment. Results: The study included 48 patients, 22 women (45.8%) and 26 men (54.2%). There were 12 men (46,2%) and 14 women (53.8%) in group 1,14 men (63.6%) and 8 women (36.4%) in group 2. Mean ages were 54.77±7.59 (36-65) and 53.45±9.15 (35-65) years in group 1 and 2, respectively. When pre and post treatment biochemical parameters in group 1 were compared, significant reductions in serum vitamin B12, lipid parameters, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels were found following the treatment. In group 2, there were also significant reductions in serum homocysteine vitamin B12, HDL-chol, triglyceride and fasting glucose levels after the treatment. When serum vitamin B12 levels were compared before and after the treatment, although the difference was not statistically significant, the decrease in serum vitamin B12 levels in group 2 was found to be 26.60 pg/ml lower than in group 1. Conclusions: We found that vitamin B12 levels decreased less with metformin plus calcium therapy compared to only metformin therapy. It may be suggested that additional calcium supplements may prevent B12 vitamin deficiency and associated complications in patients on metformin therapy. Further studies regarding this suggestion are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectıve: The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between Nitric Oxide, ADMA, homocysteine in endotoxin-induced human umblical vein endothelial cell cultures. Methods: For this reason two groups are formed (n=12). Control group consists of HUVEC cultures without any treatment. LPS group is treated with 10μg/mL endotoxin (E.coli 0111: B4).The measurement of NO levels is perfomed by spectrophotometric measurement of nitrite and nitrate. ADMA and Homocysteine levels are measured using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results: The results of our study showed that there was a significant increase of NO, ADMA and Homocysteine in endotoxemia (p<0.05). Conclusıon: In our inflammation model, both Arginine-ADMA and Arginine-NO pathways are found to be activated. In this model, the NOS isoform catalysed NO synthesis is iNOS. We speculate ADMA, which was formed as a result of LPS stimulation, was not sufficient to inhibit iNOS and it also caused eNOS to uncouple and contributed to peroxynitrite formation, thus lead to a dramatic increase in nitrate/nitrite levels. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress caused by elevated homocysteine levels might have contributed to increased NOx levels via iNOS activation and ADMA accumulation. As a result, endothelial dyfunction that may arise from the relationship between NO-ADMA-Homocysteine might provide a different point of view to atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Subclinical vitamin Bu deficiency and adverse health outcomes are of general concern. Current biomarkers of vitamin B12 status are not always satisfactory to decide on a deficiency state. Recently, holotranscobalamin (holoTC) has been proposed as a useful alternative indicator of vitamin Bl2 status, however studies on its value in diagnosing cobalamin deficiency have not come to a conclusion yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness ofholoTC measurement together with total vitamin Bu measurement in diagnosing cobalamin deficiency, in a cross-sectional analysis. Material and Method: Four hundred volunteers were grouped according to vitamin Bn levels as vitamin B12 deficient (vit B12<193 pg/ml, n=168), borderline (vit B,2<193-300 pg/ml, n=100) and controls (vit B12>300 pg! ml, n=132). These groups were divided into two subgroups (A and B) according to holoTC cut-off value (35 pmol/L). The diagnostic efficacy of vitamin Bn, holoTC and a combination of both measures were evaluated. Serum folate and homocysteine (Hey) were used as indicators of vitamin B12 deficiency. Results: Significantly higher Hey and lower folate levels were observed in both vitamin B12 deficient and borderline 6)2 groups provided that holoTC levels were low. Conclusion: Evaluation of vitamin Bl2 measures together with holoTC measures provides a more accurate diagnosis, especially in patients with borderline- B12 concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a periodic inflammatory disease transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance, which manifests itself as recurrent attacks of fever and polyserositis. During the period of complete clinical recovery, it has been demonstrated that subclinical inflammation endured. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the effects of subclinical inflammation on growth of children with FMF. Results: All cases were within tlie normal percentile range of height and weight at the beginning of the study. No significant differences were recorded between the study and control groups in terms of height, weight, body mass index and body mass index standart deviation score, target height, bone age, growth rate, standard deviation score, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) (p>0.05) at the beginning and during follow-up period. A negative correlation was detected between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum IGFBP-3 level. Material and Method: Prepubertal 35 patients diagnosed with FMF were followed up during the non-attack period and received a regular colchicine treatment. 30 healthy children with similar age and gender were enrolled into the study as control group. All cases in the study group underwent a physical and laboratory evaluation at the beginning and at the end of the study (12th month). Results: All cases were within tlie normal percentile range of height and weight at the beginning of the study. No significant differences were recorded between the study and control groups in terms of height, weight, body mass index and body mass index standart deviation score, target height, bone age, growth rate, standard deviation score, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) (p>0.05) at the beginning and during follow-up period. A negative correlation was detected between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum IGFBP-3 level. Conclusions: It was determined that growth rate and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 did not differ from their peers; but children with FMF receiving regular colchicine treatment showed lower levels of serum IGFBP-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases and endothelial disfunction are major causes of mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Treatment strategies like continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) have different effects on different parameters. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor and it has been reported to be a novel marker for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Homocysteine is believed to cause atherogenesis and thrombogenesis via endothelial damage, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and coagulation abnormalities. In previous studies, conflicting findings have been reported about the effect of HD and CAPD on oxidant and antioxidant systems. In this study, we aimed to investigate ADMA, homocysteine and C- reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with ESRD having HD and CAPD treatment and healthy individuals. This study was performed on 44 (23M, 21F) CAPD patients, 26 (13M, 13F) HD patients and 29 (15M, 14F) age and sex matched healthy control subjects. The lipid profile, ADMA, homocysteine, arginine and CRP levels were measured. Serum ADMA, homocysteine and CRP levels of the ESRD patients were significantly higher, whereas serum arginine levels were significantly lower in both HD and CAPD patients compared to control subjects. No differences were found between serum ADMA, homocysteine and CRP levels of the CAPD and HD patients. Our results suggest that ADMA, homocysteine and CRP levels were increased in HD and CAPD patients compared to the control subjects. These findings suggest that ESRD patients are prone to inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress are increased in dialysis patients and ADMA concentrations are not affected by the modality of dialysis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of both the plasma homocysteine (Hey) level and N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTFHR) gene polymorphism with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Patients and methods: Two hundred Chinese patients with AS and 120 healthy controls were included. The plasma Hey level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the MTHFR gene polymorphism was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The two groups were examined according to age, and no statistically significant differences were found. The plasma Hey level in the AS group was significantly higher than the control group (t=24.402, p=0.000). The ratio of the T/T genotype mutation was different in the AS group and the control group (X2=9.874, p=0.002) There was no marked difference in the frequencies of the MTHFR C/C, or C/T genotype between the two groups. The plasma Hey level of the T/T genotype was significantly higher than that of the C/T or C/C genotype in the AS group (q=6.496, p<0.01; q=12.088, p-cO.01). Conclusion: Our study result showed that the plasma Hey levels were significantly increased in patients with AS, and the MTHFR T/T genotype mutation was an important influential mechanism which precipitated hyperhomocysteinemia and might be related to AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the influences of regular sub-maximal aerobic and resistance exercise trainings for 3 months on plasma homocystenie level and other CVD risks (lipid profile, body mass index, etc.) and compare the effects of these two different types of exercise training on these parameters. Method: Thirty-eight individuals mean aged 21.68±1.38 years were included. Participants were divided into three groups as aerobic exercise (AE) (n=13), resistance exercise (RE) (n=13) and control group (CT) (n=12). Exercises were done four times a week during 12 weeks. CT (n=12) didn't do any exercise. Blood analyses (plasma homocystenie, vitamin and lipid levels) and anthropometric measurements were performed, maximum aerobic capacity was assessed. Results: It was found that plasma homocystenie level and lipid profile didn't change in exercise groups and CT group after 12 weeks (p>0.05). Body mass index and waist circumference decreased in both exercise groups (p<0.05), maximal aerobic capacity didn't change (p>0.05). Homocystenie level has positive correlation with waist circumference (r=0,392,p=0.22) and waist-to-hip ratio (r=0,501,p=0.02),and has negative correlation with folic acid level (r=-0,447,p=0.01). Folic acid level was the essential factor for homocystenie level respect to multiple regression analysis (p=0.03,R²=0.60). Conclusion: Sub-maximal aerobic or resistance exercise training didn't change homocysteine level when folic acid level at normal values in blood. Independent from the type of exercise, chronic exercise didn't considerably change lipid profiles in normolipidemic individuals. Aerobic capacity didn't change after 12 weeks exercise training whereas body composition improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effects of ASA on serum nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and homocysteine levels in healthy volunteers. Materials and methods: Totally, 26 apparently healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Of the participants, 13 (5F, 8M) received 100 mg of ASA daily and 13 (5F, 8M) received 150 mg of ASA daily for 2 months. Serum NO, ADMA, and homocysteine levels were measured before and 1 and 2 months after ASA treatment Serum NO, ADMA, and homocysteine levels were measured before and 1 and 2 months after ASA treatment. Results: ADMA levels of the group receiving 150 mg of ASA were significantly reduced after 2 months of treatment (P < 0.05). NO levels of both groups were slightly but not significantly increased and homocysteine levels of both groups were slightly reduced after ASA treatment compared to the baseline values. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ASA treatment reduces ADMA levels dose and time dependently, a beneficial effect that may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The vast majority of ischemic strokes occur due to atherosclerosis. Although the precise mechanism is unknown, high homocysteine (HM) levels are considered to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, the relationship between high HM and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as an early predictor of atherosclerosis, is evaluated in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: Eighty-one patients diagnosed with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease and control group of 41 healthy volunteers were evaluated prospectively. The patients underwent cranial imaging, and neurological examinations were performed. The demographic characteristics of the groups were recorded. In addition, risk factors for ischemic stroke, such as hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiac disease were evaluated. CIMT was measured using Doppler ultrasound, and HM vitamin B12, and folate levels were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups for the presence of DM. In patients group, HT was statistically more frequent than in control group (p <0.001). In both groups, there was no relationship between HM levels and lipid profile. Similarly, there was no relationship between lipid profile and CIMT. HM was negatively correlated with folate and vitamin B12. CIMK was statistically higher in patients than in controls (p<0.001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was statistically higher in patients group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we did not find statistically significant relationship between CIMT and HM levels in ischemic stroke patients. However, according to previous literature, high HM levels are known to cause atherosclerotic vascular disease. Therefore, vitamin B12 replacement in people with high HM levels can contribute to the prevention of ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the total homocysteine (tHcy) level, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and insulin resistance, for sex and pubertal state differences in obese children. Its relationship with metabolic and anthropometric parameters was also investigated. Materials and methods: The study involved obese children with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile who presented with the complaint of excessive weight gain, and healthy children with a BMI below the 85th percentile. Results: The study included 100 obese (mean age: 10.2 ± 2.7 years) and 71 healthy nonobese (mean age: 10.9 ± 2.6) children. A comparison of the data from the obese group and the control group revealed that the differences in BMI, BMI standard deviation score, tHcy, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the obese group, the tHcy level was statistically significantly correlated with age and BMI, TG, and HDL levels (P < 0.05), while it was not statistically significantly correlated with total cholesterol, LDL, fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Th e results of this study showed that the tHcy level was higher in obese children than in healthy children. However, the tHcy level was not significantly correlated with insulin resistance in obese children. Obese children should be routinely screened for high tHcy levels due to the potential atherosclerosis risks, and patients with high tHcy levels should be treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in rabbits using methionine. Ocular blood flow changes were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU). Materials and methods: Fifty New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups. Groups 1-4 received one of the following chemicals: methionine only, methionine plus vitamin B6, methionine plus vitamin B12, or methionine plus folic acid. Controls received no chemicals. Serum homocysteine levels were measured on treatment days 1 and 60. Orbital vessels were examined by CDU on day 60. Results: In the 4 study groups, homocysteine levels were significantly elevated on day 60 compared to the levels on day 1 (P < 0.05). Elevations of homocysteine levels in group 1 were greater than those of groups 2 and 4 on day 60 (P < 0.05). When results of ocular blood flow changes were compared, no statistically significant difference was found based on flow velocities in the ophthalmic artery. Measurements from the ciliary artery revealed a statistically significant decrease in flow velocity in the study groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Using CDU, we found that flow velocities in the ciliary artery were decreased. This condition is attributed to atherosclerotic and thromboembolic alterations of the ocular vessels due to hyperhomocysteinemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Increased levels of homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) are considered as independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. As the level of these factors is affected by sex hormones, a population-based assessment of their changes following oral contraceptive therapy is needed to avoid the side effects that might arise of these variations. To this aim, the present study was to investigate the effect of combined oral contraceptive (OCP) on CRP and homocysteine levels among young healthy women. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional analysis of 90 healthy, non-obese women (mean age 25 years and body-mass index 22 kg/m²). Forty-five healthy women on OCP and 45 healthy controls were studied for CRP and homocysteine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Unpaired t test and Chi-square test were used for comparison of variables between oral contraceptive users and non-oral contraceptive users. Results: The results showed that the homocysteine (13.268±3.475 vs. 7.288±2.621 µmol/L) and CRP (5863.0±1349.5 vs. 1138.3±691.12 ng/ml) levels were significantly higher in women receiving OCP in comparison with the control group (p=0.027 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The alteration in homocysteine and CRP levels could be attributed to the OCP suggesting that use of these pills should be reviewed in women with increased risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Elevated homocysteine levels induce a hypercoagulable state and make the clot more resistant to fibrinolysis. In this prospective observational study, we investigated the influence of homocysteine levels on infarct-related artery (IRA) patency and flow as determined with regard to thrombolysis in myocardial infraction (TIMI) flow grade and corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC). Methods: Sixty-one patients who received fibrinolytic therapy for a first ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 12 hours of chest pain were included. Coronary angiography was performed according to the Judkins technique within 72 hours after fibrinolytic therapy. Total plasma homocysteine level was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Student's t and Pearson correlation tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of IRA occlusion. Results: Of the 61 patients, 22 (36.1%) had an occluded IRA (group 1), 39 (63.9%) had a patent IRA (group 2). Mean plasma homocysteine levels were found to be significantly higher in the group 1 compared to the group 2 (18.5±9.6 μmol/L vs 14.3±5 μmol/L, p=0.04). In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between CTFC and plasma homocysteine levels (r=0.415; p<0.01). In multiple logistic regression analysis, high levels of plasma homocysteine (OR=1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.25; p=0.03) and being a non-smoker (OR=5.9; 95% CI 1.1-31.6; p=0.03) were found to be significant independent predictors of having an occluded IRA. Conclusion: There is an inverse relation between plasma homocysteine levels and IRA patency and flow in patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the possible relationship of serum levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), ghrelin, and homocysteine levels to metabolic and hormonal features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: Thirty women with PCOS and 30 healthy women with similar age and body mass index (BMI) were recruited. Fasting serum NEFA, ghrelin, homocysteine, growth hormone (GH), cardiac troponin I, glucose, insulin, lipids, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. Results: Serum NEFA, homocysteine, insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, and testosterone levels were significantly higher but in contrast ghrelin level was significantly lower in women with PCOS compared to the controls. No significant differences were found in the troponin I and GH levels between the 2 groups. Significant positive correlations between insulin-NEFA and insulin-homocysteine levels were observed. There was no significant correlation between ghrelininsulin and ghrelin-homocysteine levels. Conclusion: The decreased ghrelin, elevated NEFA and homocysteine levels, and the correlation of NEFA and homocysteine to fasting insulin level might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the PCOS. These findings need to be confirmed and larger prospective and controlled studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine whether thyroid hormones affect lipid profile and levels of erithrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum total homocysteine (t-hcy), leptin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP in patients with hyperthyroidism. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 23 hyperthroid subjects (3 men / 20 women, mean age 41.8 ± 2.4 years). Serum levels of homocysteine, leptin, fibrinogen, CRP, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ESR were measured and body mass index (BMI) were calculated before and after treatment of hyperthyroidism. Results: Pretreatment t-hcy, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C levels and BMI of patients were significantly lower than those of the post-treatment (p<0.001, for each variable). However, fibrinogen and ESR decreased after the treatment (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). There were no differences in leptin and CRP levels between pre- and post-treatment periods. Pre and post treatment TC and LDL-C levels were negatively correlated with free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels (r=-0.588, p<0.01; r=-0.534, p<0.01; r=-0.543, p<0.01 and r =-0.653, p<0.01, respectively). Pre-treatment HDL-C was inversely correlated with TSH (r=-0.423, p<0.05). Pre-post- treatment LDL-C was negatively correlated with free thyroxine (fT4) levels (r=-0.536, p<0.001 and r=- 0.422, p<0.05 respectively). Pre-treatment TC was inversely correlated with fT4 (r=-0.590, p<0.01). Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism is associated with high plasma fibrinogen and ESR levels. Elevated plasma fibrinogen and ESR levels may be a possible explanation for the high cardiovascular morbidity among hyperthyroidic subjects. These changes may reflect low-grade inflammation or disturbances in coagulation in hyperthyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]