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Despite being classified as a high-income country, Panama still faces challenges in providing care for children and adolescents with cancer. Annually, 170 new cases of childhood cancer are diagnosed in Panama, and the survival rate is around 60%. To improve this, the establishment of a Pediatric Cancer Commission comprised of healthcare professionals and nonprofit organizations has been a critical step toward the objectives outlined in the CureAll framework of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). To improve childhood cancer care in Panama, a workshop for cancer in children and adolescents was conducted with the support of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Children’s Hospital Colorado, the Ministry of Health of Panama, and the Pan American Health Organization. The commissions established were on: Nursing, Palliative Care, Psychosocial, Hospital Registry, Early Diagnosis, and Health Services. Each commission has a specific project to be implemented in the period 2021–2029 to continue the progress toward improving childhood cancer care. Since the start of implementation of the GICC in Panama, important achievements have included the launch in 2021 of the Guide for the Diagnosis of Cancer in Children and Adolescents, and training programs for primary care health personnel. Through these programs, more than 1 000 health professionals have been trained on diagnosis of cancer in childhood and adolescence. Challenges remain, such as access to quality care, and it is essential to continue efforts to improve childhood cancer care.

The Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) aims to increase the cure rate for children with cancer globally by improving healthcare access and quality. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (St. Jude), and collaborators have joined efforts to improve outcomes of children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the CureAll framework. In this article, we describe the process of developing regional resources aimed at accelerating the GICC implementation in LAC. In March 2021, PAHO formed regional working groups to develop core projects aligned with CureAll pillars and enablers. Seven working groups emerged from regional dialogues: early detection, nursing, psychosocial, nutrition, supportive care, treatment abandonment, and palliative care. PAHO arranged regular online meetings under the mentorship and support of St. Jude regional/transversal programs and international mentors. Between April and December 2021, 202 multidisciplinary experts attended 43 online meetings to promote the dialogue between stakeholders to improve childhood cancer outcomes. Fourteen technical outputs were produced: four regional snapshots, four technical documents, two virtual courses, one set of epidemiological country profiles, one educational content series for parents/caregivers, and two communication campaigns. The ongoing dialogue and commitment of PAHO, St. Jude, LAC working committees, and international collaborators are essential foundations to successfully accelerate GICC implementation. This is achievable through the development of materials of regional and global relevance. Further research and evaluation are needed to determine the impact of these strategies and resources on childhood cancer outcomes in LAC and other regions.

This article aims to describe the activities conducted by the National Childhood Cancer Plan Working Group to support the development of national childhood cancer plans in Latin America and the Caribbean in the period 2019–2022, and to present the stage of plan development. The Working Group activities were supported by the Pan American Health Organization and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which is the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Childhood Cancer. Year after year, the workshops and activities developed with the Working Group mobilized key stakeholders: pediatric oncologists, representatives of the Ministry of Health, foundations supporting childhood cancer initiatives, and hospital administrators. As of February 2023, one regional framework is in place, approved by the Council of Ministries of Health of Central America and the Dominican Republic, nine countries are currently implementing national plans or laws that include childhood cancer, and ten countries are writing new plans. The WHO three-step framework helped to guide the Working Group activities. All plans were supported by a situational analysis, which highlighted the importance of having systematized data for evidence-based policies. To increase implementation success, an accompanying budget and timeline help to ensure the adequate implementation of the interventions. More than anything, committed stakeholders remain the most fundamental element to successfully write and approve a national childhood cancer plan. This is an opportunity to share these countries’ experience so the strategy can be adapted to support other countries developing a childhood cancer plan and extended to other public health areas.

Objective. To report the progress in Peru, since June 2019, in the implementation of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer using the CureAll framework, which can be replicated in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. A mixed method was used of participatory and documentary evaluation. The participatory evaluation included stakeholders from various government institutions, nonprofit organizations, and international partners. The documentary aspect consisted of a review of data on the regulatory environment, national projects, and interventions implemented. The Ministry of Health engaged more than 150 participants to form working committees, which have developed policy and regulatory documents to strengthen care services. Results. Achievements include a decrease in the national treatment abandonment rate from 18.6% to 8.5%, the approval of the Childhood Cancer Law, improvements in the management of patients with febrile neutropenia, and a reduction in rates of events of clinical deterioration and mortality of hospitalized patients. The Cure All implementation framework allows local teams to implement specific strategies and monitor early outcomes in pediatric oncology. Conclusions. The results obtained reflect the teamwork, the leadership of the authorities, the technical support of professionals, and the support of involved organizations. Further actions will be needed to guarantee sustainability, and monitoring tools are needed to assure success in the planned activities.

The Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) aims to increase the cure rate for children with cancer globally by improving healthcare access and quality. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude), and collaborators have joined efforts to improve outcomes of children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the CureAll framework. In this article, we describe the process of developing regional resources aimed at accelerating the GICC implementation in LAC. In March 2021, PAHO formed regional working groups to develop core projects aligned with CureAll pillars and enablers. Seven working groups emerged from regional dialogues: early detection, nursing, psychosocial, nutrition, supportive care, treatment abandonment, and palliative care. PAHO arranged regular online meetings under the mentorship and support of St. Jude regional/transversal programs and international mentors. Between April and December 2021, 202 multidisciplinary experts attended 43 online meetings to promote the dialogue between stakeholders to improve childhood cancer outcomes. Fourteen technical outputs were produced: four regional snapshots, four technical documents, two virtual courses, one set of epidemiological country profiles, one educational content series for parents/caregivers, and two communication campaigns. The ongoing dialogue and commitment of PAHO, St. Jude, LAC working committees, and international collaborators are essential foundations to successfully accelerate GICC implementation. This is achievable through the development of materials of regional and global relevance. Further research and evaluation are needed to determine the impact of these strategies and resources on childhood cancer outcomes in LAC and other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being classified as a high-income country, Panama still faces challenges in providing care for children and adolescents with cancer. Annually, 170 new cases of childhood cancer are diagnosed in Panama, and the survival rate is around 60%. To improve this, the establishment of a Pediatric Cancer Commission comprised of healthcare professionals and nonprofit organizations has been a critical step toward the objectives outlined in the CureAll framework of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). To improve childhood cancer care in Panama, a workshop for cancer in children and adolescents was conducted with the support of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Children's Hospital Colorado, the Ministry of Health of Panama, and the Pan American Health Organization. The commissions established were on: Nursing, Palliative Care, Psychosocial, Hospital Registry, Early Diagnosis, and Health Services. Each commission has a specific project to be implemented in the period 2021--2029 to continue the progress toward improving childhood cancer care. Since the start of implementation of the GICC in Panama, important achievements have included the launch in 2021 of the Guide for the Diagnosis of Cancer in Children and Adolescents, and training programs for primary care health personnel. Through these programs, more than 1 000 health professionals have been trained on diagnosis of cancer in childhood and adolescence. Challenges remain, such as access to quality care, and it is essential to continue efforts to improve childhood cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to describe the activities conducted by the National Childhood Cancer Plan Working Group to support the development of national childhood cancer plans in Latin America and the Caribbean in the period 2019--2022, and to present the stage of plan development. The Working Group activities were supported by the Pan American Health Organization and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, which is the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Childhood Cancer. Year after year, the workshops and activities developed with the Working Group mobilized key stakeholders: pediatric oncologists, representatives of the Ministry of Health, foundations supporting childhood cancer initiatives, and hospital administrators. As of February 2023, one regional framework is in place, approved by the Council of Ministries of Health of Central America and the Dominican Republic, nine countries are currently implementing national plans or laws that include childhood cancer, and ten countries are writing new plans. The WHO three-step framework helped to guide the Working Group activities. All plans were supported by a situational analysis, which highlighted the importance of having systematized data for evidence-based policies. To increase implementation success, an accompanying budget and timeline help to ensure the adequate implementation of the interventions. More than anything, committed stakeholders remain the most fundamental element to successfully write and approve a national childhood cancer plan. This is an opportunity to share these countries' experience so the strategy can be adapted to support other countries developing a childhood cancer plan and extended to other public health areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To report the progress in Peru, since June 2019, in the implementation of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer using the CureAll framework, which can be replicated in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. A mixed method was used of participatory and documentary evaluation. The participatory evaluation included stakeholders from various government institutions, nonprofit organizations, and international partners. The documentary aspect consisted of a review of data on the regulatory environment, national projects, and interventions implemented. The Ministry of Health engaged more than 150 participants to form working committees, which have developed policy and regulatory documents to strengthen care services. Results. Achievements include a decrease in the national treatment abandonment rate from 18.6% to 8.5%, the approval of the Childhood Cancer Law, improvements in the management of patients with febrile neutropenia, and a reduction in rates of events of clinical deterioration and mortality of hospitalized patients. The Cure All implementation framework allows local teams to implement specific strategies and monitor early outcomes in pediatric oncology. Conclusions. The results obtained reflect the teamwork, the leadership of the authorities, the technical support of professionals, and the support of involved organizations. Further actions will be needed to guarantee sustainability, and monitoring tools are needed to assure success in the planned activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend of monthly mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases in Brazil from 1996 to 2017, with forecasts for 2022, besides analyzing the possibility of achieving the goal of the Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil (Strategic Action Plan to Tackle Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil) from 2011 to 2022. METHODS: This is an ecological study that uses data from Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System), Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas (Demographic and Socioeconomic Information System) and Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua - Continuous National Household Sample Survey). We established the age range between 30 and 69 years old and the evolution of the rates over time was made by autoregressive integrated moving average models in R statistical tool. RESULTS: Premature mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases are decreasing in Brazil as a whole, mostly in state capitals. There is also a trend to reach the Ministry of Health's goal in most of the country. For capitals that tend not to reach the goal, there is an association between mortality and social indicators, healthcare network and frequency of smoking. CONCLUSION: This study intends to improve planning of the public health system for the control of chronic respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. The United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop took place in July 2019 in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, with an interdisciplinary group of health and care professionals from the United Kingdom and from Brazil to address challenges in diagnosis, public perception and care of dementia. The aim of this article is to present the results identified in relation to challenges in the care of dementia, including recommendations that could potentially guide local and State/Municipal authorities and care services for people with dementia in the future. Four key issues were prioritised to identify challenges and generate possible solutions in Brazil and the United Kingdom: I) limitations of current health systems; II) continuous and long-term support for family carers (pre-diagnosis, mourning); III) support for people with advanced dementia and end-of-life care; IV) support for people with young-onset dementia. In both countries, carers feel left without post-diagnostic support; information on the progression of dementia is lacking and some people do not even have a specific diagnosis; encouraging and providing training for carers best manage some of the symptoms is imperative; preparation for end of life care and support carers after the death of their loved ones remains highly needed; strengthening services and qualification of health professionals, also creating protocols to guide dementia-related services represent a common challenge to overcome. The authors outline recommendations according to the issues identified to assist future formulation of adequate policies and services for people with dementia and carers.

Objective: To find a model of prediction of the medical cost of a Health Benefits Management Company (EAPB) with adequate statistical criteria. Methods: A Cross-sectional study with retrospective follow-up of the use of health services in an EAPB during a one-year period. The sampling frame consisted of a population of 1,529,188 affiliates who were assigned to a primary care IPS group. By simple random sampling size was estimated at 190,917 users. The dependent variable was the cost of the services used deflated to the year 2013. As independent variables besides the traditional sociodemographic variables chosen in this type of prediction models, variables of the insurance were added; Variables of risk management (inclusion or not in promotion and prevention program) and of comorbidities. Results: Simple Linear Regression modeling showed errors of inappropriate statistical criteria such as violating the principle of normality in cost errors. The Generalized Linear Models, proposed to estimate POS average costs, have an appropriate goodness of fit and evaluated with small Deviations and minimum Akaike criterion (AIC) compared to other models of the exponential family Conclusions: The appropriate statistical model to predict medical costs was the Generalized Linear Model with two parts segmented by age groups and gender. This research suggests that to estimate the benefit premium of any EAPB, besides socio-demographic variables, insurance variables, membership or not in promotion programs and risk prevention and/or management and the burden of disease of that population should be used.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, particularly in low and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to consensualise improvement actions for the Tuberculosis Control Programme of the Pernambuco state (SPTC), Brazil. Methods: Firstly, a preliminary workshop was conducted with experts (n = 8), including key stakeholders and health professionals, to select structure and process indicators pertaining to the tuberculosis control programme. Then, an e-Delphi was carried out with a purposive sample of 11 local TB experts. The first-round questionnaire was comprised of 19 open-ended questions on possible improvement actions, based on programme indicators obtained in the previous stage. In the second-round experts rated each action for relevance and feasibility, using a four-point scale. In the last round the participants rated the actions again, in the light of group’s answers. We used published criteria to define consensus at the outset of the study. Key findings: Eighty-nine improvement actions achieved a high degree of consensus in both feasibility and relevance in round three. Eighty-six actions were grouped under 19 structure and process indicators, while three were consideredcross-sectional in scope (i.e. related to more than one indicator). Ten out of the 86 actions obtained at least 70% of ratings on the highest score of the scale both for relevance and feasibility. These included: “Request and availability of sputum pots can be made by any health professional in the health unit”. Conclusions: The wide array of actions obtained in this Delphi represent a resource from which local SPTC services can select the actions most suitable for each context. The ten most relevant and feasible actions represent a particularly useful starting point to streamline change and potentially improve programme indicators.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize speech-language pathologists/audiologists and their interventions in the occupational health area, regarding the Hearing Prevention Program (HPP). Methods: a cross-sectional, quantitative study with 74 speech-language pathologists/audiologists from several regions of Brazil, working in the areas of Occupational Health and Audiology. The participants answered a questionnaire on their professional and educational profile, as well as on their work related to the HCP components. For data analysis, statistical procedures were used (Chi-Square Test and the test of difference in proportions, at the significance level of 0.05 - 5%), in relation to the variables of gender, age, job position, time since their graduation and academic training in occupational safety and health. Results: the speech-language pathologists/audiologists, mostly women, who reported performing the HPP, were older than 30 years, had specific postgraduate courses, but still had doubts about the Program implementation, they worked for companies with over 1,000 employees, disregarding their employment status, performing interventions, such as: hearing management and guidance on the correct use of ear protectors. Conclusion: a high number of speech-language pathologists in the Occupational Health area have not developed a complete hearing conservation program to this date.

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease is a pathology with exponential increasing prevalence worldwide. This trend derives mainly from population aging and the growth of chronic conditions, making prevention a priority in public health. Thus, this observation instigates debates on the advances and challenges in public policies aimed at facing the progression of this disease and its risk factors in a contemporary reality that requires changes in the management models of chronic conditions. Brazilian and international experiences show that actions to prevent chronic kidney disease in risk groups remain incipient, especially in low-income countries. This area requires investment, supporting planning individualized, interdisciplinary and shared care with primary health care, as well as the user’s responsibility for their care, with proactivity and establishment and monitoring of goals to achieve satisfactory results.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to analyze cases of complicated varicella and the impact of varicella vaccination in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This was a time series study of a territorial basis using data on varicella cases from 2010 to 2016, which was provided by the State Health Department of Minas Gerais on . Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis, and the generalized linear regression model proposed by Prais-Winsten was used for the time tendency, adopting a significance level of 5% and the integrated autoregressive modeling of moving averages. RESULTS: There were 1,635 cases of varicella; out of which cellulitis (44%) was the predominant complication. The home-acquired cases were 38.9% and 464 cases (40.6%) were not previously vaccinated. There was a significant decrease in the incidence coefficient when comparing the pre- and post- immunization periods, from 1.95 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2010 to 0.24 cases/100.000 inhabitants in 2016 (p

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a indicação e analisar a percepção dos usuários quanto a queixas e benefícios do uso de próteses auditivas concedidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos Estudo transversal, quantitativo, que analisou 100 usuários de próteses auditivas no retorno inicial após adaptação, em um serviço de média e alta complexidade em saúde auditiva. Foram coletados dados dos prontuários relativos às características da perda auditiva, da seleção e adaptação da prótese auditiva, e do tempo de uso. Foi realizada entrevista para investigar a percepção de queixas e benefícios com o uso da prótese auditiva. Resultados Houve predomínio dos seguintes aspectos: a faixa etária de 66 a 90 anos; Ensino Fundamental incompleto; perda auditiva sensorioneural de graus leve e moderado; ligeira/discreta dificuldade de compreensão da fala. Foram adaptadas 184 próteses, sendo a maioria retroauricular e de Tipo A; o tempo de espera entre a indicação e a adaptação foi entre 33 e 88 dias; o principal benefício da prótese auditiva foi a melhora da compreensão/interação social, e a queixa principal referiu-se a problemas de regulagem. Conclusão A maior parte dos usuários relatou benefícios com a utilização da prótese para a compreensão de fala e a interação social, e a queixa mais referida foi a regulagem.

Objectives : Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, particularly in low and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to consensualise improvement actions for the Tuberculosis Control Programme of the Pernambuco state (SPTC), Brazil. Methods : Firstly, a preliminary workshop was conducted with experts (n = 8), including key stakeholders and health professionals, to select structure and process indicators pertaining to the tuberculosis control programme. Then, an e-Delphi was carried out with a purposive sample of 11 local TB experts. The first-round questionnaire was comprised of 19 open-ended questions on possible improvement actions, based on programme indicators obtained in the previous stage. In the second-round experts rated each action for relevance and feasibility, using a four-point scale. In the last round the participants rated the actions again, in the light of group's answers. We used published criteria to define consensus at the outset of the study. Key findings : Eighty-nine improvement actions achieved a high degree of consensus in both feasibility and relevance in round three. Eighty-six actions were grouped under 19 structure and process indicators, while three were consideredcross-sectional in scope (i.e. related to more than one indicator). Ten out of the 86 actions obtained at least 70% of ratings on the highest score of the scale both for relevance and feasibility. These included: "Request and availability of sputum pots can be made by any health professional in the health unit". Conclusions : The wide array of actions obtained in this Delphi represent a resource from which local SPTC services can select the actions most suitable for each context. The ten most relevant and feasible actions represent a particularly useful starting point to streamline change and potentially improve programme indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetes mellitus educational program in primary health care. METHODS This cluster randomized trial was conducted in a sample of 470 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus from eight health units, randomly assigned to two groups: intervention (n = 231) and control (n = 239). The intervention group participated in the educational program composed of three strategies: group education, home visit, and telephone intervention. Simultaneously, the control group was monitored individually. Group monitoring took place over nine months in the year 2012. Clinical evaluations were performed at the initial time (T0), three (T3), six (T6) and nine (T9) months after the beginning of the intervention. RESULTS After nine months of follow-up, 341 users remained in the study, 171 in the control group and 170 in the intervention group. The average age of users was 60.6 years. In both groups, statistically significant differences were observed in mean HbA1c levels over the follow-up time (p < 0.05). However, the mean HbA1c level at T3, T6 and T9 times were significantly lower among the people in the intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The educational program model developed was effective to improve the glycemic control of the intervention group participants.

The objectives of this study were to describe the history and evaluation methodology of the Brazilian Health Academy Program (PAS) in Belo Horizonte, MG and discuss it as an experience of health promotion and equity. Data from 4,048 non-users (2008-09) and 402 users (2014-15) were analyzed from two cross-sectional surveys. Socio-demographic profile and level of physical activity were described for both groups. Social interaction, satisfaction with life, quality of life, and social organization in the neighborhood were compared between < 3 and ≥ 3 monthly minimum wages income and conducted only for women aged 40 years and older. Chi-square test of Person was performed (p ≤ 0.05). Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity among non-users was of 30.2% and users of 53.7%. Better perception of quality of life, positive satisfaction with life, greater social interactions and participation in the neighborhood were observed among women with higher income compared to their counterparts (p < 0.001). In turn, for all evaluated constructs, users reported better perception of the lower income group. The PAS has opportunized physical activity to the vulnerable population and seems to act on other outcomes besides the lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prover informações, promover melhoria dos programas e determinar o mérito e o valor do avaliando são os propósitos da avaliação. Porem, o desafio para os avaliadores não é apenas promover, mas documentar a utilidade dos estudos. Face ao desafio, o artigo objetivou sistematizar os usos e influência do processo e resultados de duas avaliações sobre o Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue, para tomada de decisão de gestores e profissionais envolvidos. Com base em um modelo teórico de análise, realizou-se um estudo exploratório com a análise documental para identificação dos eventos e inscrições das avaliações e sua circulação quanto aos possíveis usos e influência, entre 2007-2010. Observou-se que o modo de produção de conhecimento contextual e a definição das avaliações com foco na utilidade mostraram-se favoráveis à utilização das avaliações. Os resultados indicando maior uso instrumental, influência imediata, do processo e coletiva, podem indicar a pertinência dos estudos para os interessados e sua utilidade na gestão do programa, em diferentes níveis do sistema de saúde.Evaluation aims to provide information, promote improvement in programs, and determine the merit and value of the object of evaluation. However, the challenge for evaluators is not only to promote, but also to document the usefulness of studies. Given this challenge, the article aimed to systematize the uses and influence of the process and findings in two evaluations on Brazilian National Dengue Fever Control Program, for decision-making by the respective public health administrators and professionals. Based on a theoretical analytical model, an exploratory study was performed with documental analysis for identification of events and registrations in the evaluations and their circulation in terms of possible uses and influence, from 2007 to 2010. Favorable factors for the use of evaluations were the mode of production of contextual knowledge and definition of evaluations with a focus on utility. The results, indicating greater instrumental use and immediate process and collective use may indicate the studies' pertinence to stakeholders and their usefulness to program management at different levels in the health system.

Resumo: A expansão das áreas de transmissão de leishmaniose visceral (LV) traz questionamentos sobre as estratégias de controle empregadas no Brasil. As diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral (PVCLV) estão centradas na diminuição da morbidade e letalidade, controle do reservatório e dos vetores e na educação em saúde. Este artigo buscou avaliar as dificuldades na execução das ações preconizadas pelo PVCLC, segundo os seus coordenadores em municípios brasileiros de grande porte com transmissão canina e/ou humana (Campinas, Bauru, Goiânia, Campo Grande, Fortaleza e Belo Horizonte). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo os principais problemas identificados: descontinuidade das atividades de controle, resistência dos proprietários de cães com indicação de eutanásia e baixa cobertura do controle químico. Como conclusão, as entrevistas mostraram que inúmeros fatores impedem o cumprimento das atividades propostas pelo PVCLC, ficando clara a necessidade de reavaliação da política brasileira de controle de LV.

En la región de las Américas, Cuba cuenta con una de las menores tasas de morbimortalidad en tuberculosis; por lo que surgió la iniciativa de generar una estrategia común hacia la eliminación de esta enfermedad como problema de salud pública. Se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de Salud, con un diseño epidemiológico observacional descriptivo transversal, en el municipio de Matanzas, en el período 2000-2006, basado en una evaluación del Programa de Control y Eliminación de la Tuberculosis como Problema de Salud, para un mejor conocimiento y, por tanto, un mayor control de esta entidad, así como discutir con los afectados la solución de cada una de las deficiencias, como parte de los estudios que se están realizando sobre el tema. Se estudiaron el total de los casos de tuberculosis diagnosticados en el municipio, llegándose a la conclusión de que hubo una reducción del número de casos en el 2006. La forma de diagnóstico que predominó fue la pulmonar, presentándose superior número de casos con baciloscopía positiva. Los grupos de edad más afectados fueron los menores de 65 años, existiendo una supremacía en el sexo masculino. Las áreas de salud de Contreras y Playa fueron las de mayor incidencia. Se concluyó que 3 áreas de salud alcanzaron la meta de tasas menores de 5 x 100 000 habitantes, 3 reportaron tasas entre 5 y 10 casos por 100 000 habitantes, y solo una tuvo tasas superiores a 10, lo que permite afirmar que la iniciativa de eliminación de la tuberculosis se cumple en el municipio.In the region of the Americas, Cuba has one of the smallest rates of morbimortality in tuberculosis, for what the initiative arose of generating a common strategy toward the elimination of this disease like a health problem. We carried out an investigation in Health systems and services, with a cross-sectional descriptive observational epidemiologic design, in the municipality of Matanzas, in the period 2000-2006, based on an evaluation of the Program for Controlling and Eliminating the Tuberculosis like a Health Problem, for a better knowledge and, therefore, a bigger control of this entity, and also for discussing with the affected patients, the solution of each one of the deficiencies, as a part of the researches that are being carried out on the topic. The most affected age group was the one formed by persons that are less than 65 years old, with the supremacy of the male sex. The health areas of Contreras and Playa were the ones with more incidences. We arrived to the conclusion that 3 health areas reached the goal of rates smaller than 5 x 100 000 inhabitants, 3 reported rates between 5 and 10 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, and only one had rates higher than 10, what allows to affirm that the initiative of eliminating the tuberculosis is completed in the municipality.

BACKGROUND: Based on the necessity of detailed information that supports effective strategies to improve cancer outcomes in the different regions of Brazil, the aims of this study were to report demographic aspects and to calculate the prevalence and incidence rates of oncohematological diseases in the region of Vale do Paraíba. METHODS: This is a multicentric prospective study carried out from October 2009 to March 2010. A total of 500 over 19-year-old patients were enrolled. Data such as type of healthcare insurance, gender, age, ethnic classification, place of residence, schooling, income, body mass index, new cases and the period between the first symptoms and a definite diagnosis were collected. The prevalence and incidence rates were calculated according to an estimated number of 1,319,800 inhabitants. RESULTS: The prevalence and incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants in the period of six months were, respectively: acute myeloid leukemia 1.5 and 0.7; acute lymphoblastic leukemia 0.5 and 0.1; chronic lymphocytic leukemia 2.4 and 0.4; chronic myeloid leukemia 6.2 and 0.8; Hodgkin's lymphoma 2.9 and 0.9; non-Hodgkin lymphoma 9.8 and 4.3; multiple myeloma 5.7 and 0.7; myelodysplastic syndromes 2.1 and 0.2 and myeloproliferative syndromes 5.1 and 0.3. CONCLUSION: Giving the paucity of data in this field of investigation, our data may be useful for comparisons with those of other regions of Brazil and will assist in the implementation of treatment programs of oncohematological diseases in this region.

En los últimos cinco años las políticas sanitarias en las unidades penitenciarias del Servicio Penitenciario Federal Argentino (SPF) fueron desarrolladas a través de la anterior División Asistencia Médica de esta institución con el objetivo de mejorar la atención primaria de la salud, y eran aplicadas con criterios heterogéneos respecto de los establecidos por el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Quizá por ello es que me interesa indagar en la experiencia argentina de convertir en efectivos los derechos y garantías declamados, en lo referido especialmente, al derecho a la salud de las personas detenidas en el SPF. Estos cambios se iniciaron a partir de reformas que se llevaron a cabo en materia penitenciaria, tales como la reducción de la sobrepoblación y del hacinamiento existentes; el aumento del número de internos trabajadores y estudiantes; el incremento de las actividades socio-culturales, y la puesta en marcha de programas de tratamiento penitenciario diferenciados -para internos primarios, mayores adultos, internos con patologías mentales con antecedentes de adicciones, entre otros-, los que representaron un gran avance en el cumplimiento de la obligación estatal. Lo novedoso del abordaje integral en materia de políticas sanitarias para los privados de su libertad radica, en especial, en la responsabilidad asumida en forma conjunta por los Ministerios de Justicia y Salud, que permitió la equiparación de la atención médica comunitaria en un medio cerrado como es la prisión. La reforma en políticas sanitarias puesta en marcha en las cárceles federales, nos lleva a reflexionar sobre la revolucionaria modificación en gestión de políticas públicas que en tiempo precedente no se adoptó y que representa un cambio de dirección que el Estado Argentino tomó para garantizar el efectivo cumplimiento de los derechos humanos de las personas privadas de su libertad.In the last five years, medical care policies for prisons in the Argentine Federal Penitentiary Service were developed by the previous Medical Care Assistance Office of this Institution to improve primary medical healthcare. Policies were applied with heterogeneous criteria in comparison to the ones established by the Ministry of Health. This may be why I am interested in taking a deeper look at the Argentine experience in order to guarantee human rights, especially access to health for inmates based in the Federal Penitentiary Service. These changes could only be brought about by penal reforms such as reductions in overpopulation, the increase of the number of workers and students among inmates, including socio - cultural activities, the creation of penitentiary treatment programmes for first time inmates, adults, and mental disabilities programmes for inmates with a background of drug abuse, which have represented a great step forward towards the fulfilment of the duties of the state. This novel, integrated approach to medical care policies for imprisoned people is based on the assumed responsibility of the Ministry of Justice together with the Health Ministry, enabling equal access to community health assistance in a closed environment like prison. The reform of medical care policies in federal prisons, leads us to us reflect on the revolutionary changes in public policy management that had not been presented up till now, and that now show a change in direction that the Argentine State has taken towards effective guarantees of human rights for prison inmates.

Desde la salud pública, los programas de detección para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 son un recurso para su vigilancia. La Secretaría de Salud Nacional implementó como estrategia de tamizaje el Programa de Acción Diabetes Mellitus (PADM-2), el cual se basa en dos pruebas secuenciales: Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo y medición de glucemia capilar. En este trabajo, se exploró la capacidad del PADM-2 como estrategia de tamizaje. El estudio se efectuó en el año 2005, participaron 1.562 individuos que asistieron a seis unidades del primer nivel de atención de la Secretaría de Salud del Gobierno del Distrito. Se consideró como el estándar de oro a la glucosa sérica en ayuno. Al valorar las dos pruebas en serie, la sensibilidad fue de 98%, la especificidad de 58,7%, y el valor predictivo positivo de 16,6%. El valor predictivo positivo apunta a que una alta proporción del gasto se destina a detectar falsos positivos, lo cual hace necesario replantearse los criterios utilizados en el PADM-2, de tal manera que se obtenga un mayor beneficio económico y social.From the public health perspective, programs to detect type 2 diabetes mellitus are a prime resource for surveillance of the disease. As a screening strategy, the Mexican Ministry of Health implemented the Diabetes Mellitus Action Program (PADM-2), based on two sequential tests: the Risk Factor Questionnaire and capillary blood glucose test. This study explored the Program's capacity as a screening strategy. The study was carried out in the year 2005, with a sample of 1,562 that attended six primary care units under the Health Secretariat of the Federal District. Fasting serum glucose was defined as the gold standard. When assessing the two tests sequentially, sensitivity was 98%, specificity 58.7%, and positive predictive value 16.6%. The positive predictive values indicates that a high proportion of the expenditure still goes to detecting false-positives, thus requiring reconsideration of the Program's criteria to obtain a greater economic and social benefit.

O objetivo foi descrever usuários e não-usuários do Programa Academia da Cidade de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram selecionados quatro dos 19 pólos do programa. Para cada usuário sorteado, foi selecionado um não-usuário, que foi pareado ao usuário em termos de sexo, idade (±5 anos) e local de residência. A amostra foi composta por 277 usuários e 277 não-usuários. Entre os não-usuários, 22% referiram nunca ter ouvido falar do programa. Entre os que já ouviram falar do programa, 54,3% o conhecem por terem visto um pólo. Entre os usuários, o principal motivo para a participação no programa foi "melhorar a saúde"; o tempo médio de participação no programa foi de 27,5 meses (DP = 23,1) e 72,8% relataram grau elevado de satisfação. O percentual de pessoas com percepção de saúde regular ou ruim foi significativamente maior entre os não-usuários (45,4%) em comparação aos usuários (28,5%). Os usuários do Programa Academia da Cidade parecem estar satisfeitos. Estratégias de divulgação devem ser priorizadas para que o programa seja conhecido por um maior percentual de residentes de Recife.The aim of this study was to describe the profile of users and non-users of the Academia da Cidade Program to promote physical activity in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Four of the program's 19 units were sampled. Users (n=277) and non-users (n=277) were matched for gender, age (±5 years), and place of residence. Among non-users, 22% had never heard of the program. Among those who knew of the program, 54.3% learned about it by actually having seen one of the units. Among users, the main reason for participating in the program was to improve their health; mean participation time was 27.5 months (SD = 23.1); and 72.8% reported high satisfaction. The proportion of individuals with fair or poor self-rated health was significantly higher among non-users (45.4%) than users (28.5%). Users of the program appeared to be satisfied. Strategies to further publicize the program should be prioritized to make it known to a larger proportion of the city's population.

O Programa de Triagem Neonatal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, instituído em 1994 diagnosticou, até 2005, 76 crianças com hipotireoidismo congênito, 10 com fenilcetonúria e 25 com hemoglobinopatias, o que representou uma incidência de 1:2.595, 1:19.409, 1:4.120, respectivamente. Foram diagnosticadas 2.747 crianças com traço falciforme (1:37,5 nascidos vivos). A cobertura média do programa foi de 94,5%. Houve uma considerável melhora nos parâmetros de avaliação da qualidade do programa no período, porém, sem atingir os índices ideais. Campanhas visando à maior divulgação da importância da triagem neonatal são necessárias para aumentar a cobertura e a instituição do 3º dia de vida do recém-nascido como sendo o Dia do Teste do Pezinho poderia contribuir para que idades mais precoces de tratamento fossem atingidas, melhorando o prognóstico das crianças acometidas.The Neonatal Screening Program at the University Hospital of the Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Brazil, was introduced in 1994. As of December 2005, congenital hypothyroidism had been diagnosed in 76 infants, phenylketonuria in 10, and hemoglobinopathies in 25, representing incidence rates of 1:2,595, 1:19,409, and 1:4,120, respectively. A total of 2,747 newborns had the sickle cell trait, i.e., were heterozygous for the sickle mutation (1:37.5 live births). The program's mean coverage during this period was 94.5%. There was major improvement in the parameters for evaluating the program's quality, although they were still far from ideal. Public-awareness campaigns on the importance of neonatal screening are needed to increase the program's coverage. Setting postnatal day 3 as the standard Day for the Heel Stick Test would help ensure treatment at earlier ages, thus improving prognosis for affected infants.

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar alguns desafios para a implementação de ações programáticas visando ao controle do câncer do colo do útero no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Foram analisados os relatórios do Programa Viva Mulher do Amazonas referentes à coleta e qualidade das lâminas e os dados de mortalidade por esta causa registrados no DATASUS para os períodos 2001 a 2005. Os resultados apresentam que no período não houve o aumento na cobertura da coleta de exames de Papanicolaou, embora tenha havido uma discreta melhora na qualidade das lâminas; as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero estão aumentando, e situam-se em patamares acima dos encontrados no país e na região norte. A análise desses resultados sugere a necessidade de haver um esforço, por parte da gestão do Programa no Amazonas, na capacitação de profissionais e dos gerentes dos serviços, visando aumentar a captação das mulheres sob maior risco.The purpose of this study is to present a number of challenges facing the implementation of program actions regarding the control of cervical cancer in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. Reports of the Viva Mulher program in Amazonas on Papanicolaou screening tests and the quality of cervical samples and mortality rates from this disease taken from DATASUS were analyzed for the 2001 to 2005 period. The results show no increase in the population covered by the Papanicolaou screening test in this period, although there was a small improvement in the quality of cervical samples. However, mortality rates for cervical cancer are increasing in this reason, and are higher than the rates for Brazil as a whole and for the North region of the country. Analysis of these results suggests the need for local program managers, to make efforts to build the capacity of health-care professionals and service managers, with a view to increasing Papanicolaou screening test coverage for high-risk women.

The study had the objective to analyze the performance of the health services that implement the Directly Observed Therapy at home for tuberculosis control. This study analyzed four Tuberculosis Control Programs, referred to as A, B, C, and D, using the following indicators: Resource use; Performance quickness; Monitoring medication administration; Time spent per home visit. Data were collected during visits to 47 patients receiving DOT at home. Resource use was higher in program B (91.3%); program A showed quicker performance (5.8) and more visits during which medication administration was monitored (77.4%); program C had the longest time spent per home visit (14.7 minutes) and program A the shortest (10.4 minutes). The best or worst performance numerically expresses how resources are being used and whether the observation of medication intake is being achieved.La finalidad del estudio fue analizar el desempeño de los servicios de salud que brindan Tratamientos por observación en domicilio para el control de la tuberculosis. Se estudiaron cuatro Programas de Controle da Tuberculosis identificados como A, B, C y D a partir de los indicadores de Aprovechamiento de recursos; Agilidad en el desempeño; Supervisión de la administración del medicamento y Tiempo utilizado por visita domiciliaria. Los datos fueron recolectados durante la visita a 47 enfermos. Se observó que el aprovechamiento de recursos fue mayor en el programa B (91,3%); en el programa A fue observada mayor agilidad (5,8) y mayor porcentaje de visitas con supervisión en la administración del medicamento (77,4%); en el programa C fue mayor el tiempo utilizado por visita (14,7 minutos), siendo este menor para el programa A (10,4 minutos). El mayor o menor desempeño expresa numéricamente la forma cómo los recursos están siendo utilizados, así como el alcance de las metas al respecto de la observación durante la ingestión de medicamentos.O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho dos serviços de saúde que executam a Terapia Diretamente Observada (DOT) no domicílio para o controle da tuberculose. Foram estudados quatro Programas de Controle da Tuberculose nomeados como A, B, C e D a partir dos seguintes indicadores: aproveitamento dos recursos; agilidade do desempenho; monitoração da administração da medicação; tempo gasto por visita domiciliar. Os dados foram coletados durante a visita a 47 doentes em DOT no domicílio. Observou-se que o aproveitamento dos recursos foi maior no programa B (91,3%); maior agilidade (5,8) e maior porcentagem de visitas com monitoração da administração da medicação (77,4%) no programa A; maior tempo gasto por visita no programa C (14,7 minutos) e menor no programa A (10,4 minutos). O maior ou menor desempenho expressa numericamente a forma como os recursos estão sendo utilizados e se a observação da ingestão medicamentosa está sendo alcançada.

A tuberculose ainda é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Em 2003, o controle da tuberculose foi destacado como prioridade dentre as políticas públicas de saúde. O artigo relata a resposta brasileira a esse desafio, descrevendo os principais componentes estratégicos contidos no Plano Nacional de Controle para o período 2003 a 2006. Dentre os principais resultados estão: expansão da cobertura da estratégia do Tratamento Supervisionado, aumento do percentual de cura de casos, redução do abandono ao tratamento e da taxa de incidência.Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in Brazil. In 2003, controlling tuberculosis was highlighted as a priority among health public policies. The article reports the Brazilian response to this challenge, describing the main strategies of the National Control Plan for 2003 to 2006. Among its main results are: expansion of strategic coverage of the supervised treatment, increase in the percentage of cure, decrease in the number of patients' treatment dropout, and of the incidence rate.

O objetivo do trabalho foi fazer um retrospecto da ação das medidas de controle da tuberculose no Brasil, desde o final do século XIX, abrangendo a história das lutas sociais e destacando instituições e figuras humanas dedicadas a buscar soluções para esses problemas. As respostas brasileiras à tuberculose iniciaram-se na sociedade com as Ligas Contra a Tuberculose, difundindo avanços científicos, como a vacinação BCG, iniciada em 1927. Do poder público, a Inspetoria de Profilaxia da TB (1920), o Serviço Nacional de Tuberculose (1940), e a da Campanha Nacional Contra a Tuberculose (1946), coordenaram políticas nacionais como a da quimioterapia, iniciada com a descoberta da estreptomicina, em 1944. O surgimento da resistência bacteriana levou ao desenvolvimento de vários esquemas terapêuticos. O esquema I (rifampicina, hidrazida e pirazinamida), o principal de 1979 e ainda em uso, teve grande impacto epidemiológico. Em 1993, a OMS declarou a tuberculose em emergência mundial. Como resposta, o Brasil elaborou suas estratégias; a primeira foi o Plano Emergencial para Controle da Tuberculose (1994), com priorização de 230 municípios. Como perspectiva aponta-se a efetiva municipalização das ações e sua maior integração aos Programas de Agentes Comunitários e Saúde da Família.The aim of the study was to look back on the course of action involving measures of tuberculosis control in Brazil since the end of the 19th century, covering the history of social struggles and pointing out institutions and people that have dedicated themselves to looking for solutions to these issues. The Brazilian response to tuberculosis started in society with the Ligas Contra a Tuberculose (Leagues Against Tuberculosis), promoting scientific advances, such as the BCG vaccination, which begun in 1927. From the public power, the Inspetoria de Profilaxia da TB (TB Prophylaxis Inspection Service - 1920), the Serviço Nacional de Tuberculose (National Service of Tuberculosis - 1940), and the Campanha Nacional Contra a Tuberculose (National Campaign Against Tuberculosis - 1946), coordinated national policies such as chemotherapy, beginning with the discovery of streptomycin in 1944. The emergence of bacterial resistance led to the development of several therapeutic schemes. The Scheme 1 (rifampycin, hydrazide and pyrazinamid), which was the main one in 1979 and is still used nowadays, had a great epidemiological effect. The WHO declared TB a public health emergency in 1993. In response, Brazil developed some strategies; the first one was the Plano Emergencial para Controle da Tuberculose (Emergency Plan for Tuberculosis Control - 1994), prioritizing 230 municipalities. The current prospects are an effective municipalization of actions and their greater integration with the Programas de Agentes Comunitários e Saúde da Família (Humanitarian Agents and Family Health Programs).

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze physical structure, working conditions of health professionals and outline of the procedures established in prisons. METHODS: We analyzed 34 provisional detention centers and 69 male and six female prison units in the state of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2009. A self-applied instrument was developed to collect quantitative data on the characteristics of health care structure, equipment and personnel in prisons. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or equivalent non-parametric tests and Chi-square or Fisher's tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively, between the groups. RESULTS: The main problems were delays in the results of laboratory tests and imaging. With respect to the teams, it was observed that a large majority were in conditions close to those proposed by the Bipartite Commission 2013 but without improvement being reflected in the indicators. With respect to the process, more than 60.0% of prisons located in small towns do not have the structural conditions to ensure secondary or tertiary health care for the continuity of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This profile of prisons in the country can be used for planning and monitoring future actions for the continuous improvement of healthcare processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se realizó una Investigación en Sistemas y Servicios de Salud (ISSS) con un diseño epidemiológico observacional de tipo descriptivo transversal en la provincia de Matanzas en el período 2000-2006.Se tomaron el 100% de los casos de tuberculosis diagnosticados, llegándose a la conclusión de que se cumplieron adecuadamente los indicadores Epidemiológicos a nivel provincial y de Áreas.We carried out an investigation on Health Services and Systems with an observational epidemiologic design of transversal descriptive type in the province of Matanzas during the period 2000-2006. We covered 100 % of the tuberculosis diagnosed cases, arriving to the conclusion that the Epidemiologic Indicators were fulfilled adequately at the provincial and health areas levels.

The United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop took place in July 2019 in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, with an interdisciplinary group of health and care professionals from the United Kingdom and from Brazil to address challenges in diagnosis, public perception and care of dementia. The aim of this article is to present the results identified in relation to challenges in the care of dementia, including recommendations that could potentially guide local and State/Municipal authorities and care services for people with dementia in the future. Four key issues were prioritised to identify challenges and generate possible solutions in Brazil and the United Kingdom: I) limitations of current health systems; II) continuous and long-term support for family carers (pre-diagnosis, mourning); III) support for people with advanced dementia and end-of-life care; IV) support for people with young-onset dementia. In both countries, carers feel left without post-diagnostic support; information on the progression of dementia is lacking and some people do not even have a specific diagnosis; encouraging and providing training for carers best manage some of the symptoms is imperative; preparation for end of life care and support carers after the death of their loved ones remains highly needed; strengthening services and qualification of health professionals, also creating protocols to guide dementia-related services represent a common challenge to overcome. The authors outline recommendations according to the issues identified to assist future formulation of adequate policies and services for people with dementia and carers., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.