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In 2009, Ethiopia joined the Russia Education Aid for Development (READ) trust fund program, the goal of which is to help countries improve their capacity to design, carry out, analyze, and use assessments for improved student learning. As part of the READ trust fund program, and in order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Ethiopia participated in a formal exercise to benchmark this system under The World Bank’s systems approach for better education results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. The SABER student assessment framework is built on the available evidence base for what an effective assessment system looks like. The framework provides guidance on how countries can build more effective student assessment systems. The framework is structured around two main dimensions of assessment systems: the types and purposes of assessment activities and the quality of those activities.

In 2009, Zambia joined the Russia Education Aid for Development (READ) trust fund program, the goal of which is to help countries improve their capacity to design, carry out, analyze, and use assessments for improved student learning. As part of the READ trust fund program, and in order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, Zambia participated in a formal exercise to benchmark this system under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. SABER-student assessment is a component of the SABER program that focuses specifically on benchmarking student assessment policies and systems. The goal of SABER-student assessment is to promote stronger assessment systems that contribute to improved education quality and learning for all. The importance of assessment is linked to its role in: providing information on levels of student learning and achievement in the system; monitoring trends in education quality over time; supporting educators and students with real-time information to improve teaching and learning; and holding stakeholders accountable for results. The SABER-student assessment framework is built on the available evidence base for what an effective assessment system looks like. The framework provides guidance on how countries can build more effective student assessment systems. The framework is structured around two main dimensions of assessment systems: the types/purposes of assessment activities and the quality of those activities. Assessment systems tend to be comprised of three main types of assessment activities, each of which serves a different purpose and addresses different information needs. These three main types are: classroom assessment, examinations, and large scale, system level assessments. This report focuses specifically on policies in the area of student assessment.

Achievement of students in learning institutions is often used to measure the performance of students. Verification on a student's performance depends on the examination results of a number of courses or subjects taken during the course of his/her study in the institution. Some courses are deemed to be difficult if the student scored low marks or grades and vice versa. Basically, the overall examination results serve as the major role in determining student's performance and excellence. Further, the level of difficulty for each subject can also be determined from the examination results. This paper aims to determine the subject difficulty index (SDI) of the Semesters I and II courses for the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 academic sessions in the School of Mathematical Sciences (PPSM), Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). All courses for these sessions are arranged based on their level of difficulty, by taking into account the four main criteria, namely the meanCGPA of the course, the percentage of students obtained a minimum grade of B, the percentage of students failed (grade C–to D) and the percentage of students failedcompletely (grade E). These four main criteria are combined together to form the SDI.

This issue begins with a travel diary of Malaysia, an article on record keeping for the farm, and a perspective on the "flood of immigration" to the Prairies. The agricultural section contains a travel diary of the livestock shows in England and a tour of the Royal farms. The horticultural article focuses on packaging fruit for transportation overseas. Continued in this issue is the article on barn construction. Campus news reports on the visit of Lord Minto to the Ontario Agricultural College, the progress of the construction of the Macdonald Institute, and the academic standings of the students, while spring athletic endeavors include cricket and lacrosse. The Personals column contains alumni news. While the Locals column provides campus humour. Scenes in Malaysia Business methods on the farm A home for millions Agricultural department Live stock department Horticulture department Editorial Personals College reporter Athletics Locals advertising

The highlight of this issue are the examination results for the O. A. C. students. Agricultural articles pertain to the objectives of the poultry course at the O. A. C. and propagating gladiolus. Other articles provide instructions on how to build a temporary stage for community theatre productions and comments on co-operative marketing of farm products. Campus news reports on the activities of the closing of the school year. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. May Garden The aims and objects of the poultry course at the O. A. C. Building a temporary stage for amateur dramatics The gladiolus Some fallacies regarding co-operative marketing of farm products The treatment of iron and steel Editorial College life Athletics Alumni advertising

The highlight of this issue, for the student, would be the examination results. The editorial comments on the standard of education available at the Ontario Agricultural College compared to other universities. Articles pertain to the history of the co-operative movement and the new Short Course on economic co-operation, the history and cost of the college skating rink, and the annual meeting of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union. The English column authored by Professor Stevenson concerns the incorrect use of words in his assigned essays. Other articles address the current political situation of appeasement and preparations for the Conversat. Brothers Chippy and Chap Chapman produce the Sports column and provide the team results for basketball, wrestling, boxing, fencing, swimming, and hockey. A column is devoted to an account of the Short Course, with notable attendees such as the journalist Ethel Chapman. Campus news reports on the symphony concert, student parliament, and the creation of merit stars. The Alumni column provides alumni updates. The Macdonald Institute column posts a farewell to faculty member Mary Clarke, the art of skiing, and preparations for College Royal. The Alumnae column contains alumnae news and marriage announcements. The Trent Institute article provides information regarding the bread that is supplied on campus and lessons learned about how fumigation affects flour. Club news encourages participation in the clubs for animal husbandry, chemistry, horticulture, and dairy. Editorial A new democracy Minister of Agriculture addresses Short Course The college rink Short Course speaks 60th annual meet of Experimental Union O. J. Stevenson Dr. Christie addresses Experimental Union Youth on a world of Transition Miss Mary A. Clarke Sports Short Course personalities Literary highlights College life Alumni news Macdonald news Macdonald alumnae Changes in graduate list Results of Christmas examination, 1938 advertising

This issue highlights how agricultural education may result in success for the student and alumnus. Agricultural articles pertain to plant propagation, local cattle champions at the Winter Fair, legislative control of animal feed, and cattle feeding experiments. Horticultural articles report on wineries in Chautauqua County U. S. A., and the short course on horticulture. Campus news is primarily the examination results and changes that have occurred on the college campus. The activities of the Macdonald Institute students is located in the Macdonald column. Alumni news is available in the Our Old Boys column. The value of agricultural training Retrospectus The new machinery hall Mr. James McIntosh Agriculture Pedigree in plants Excellence at the Winter Fair A record breaking cow The Short Courses Experimental Legislative control of feeding stuffs Steer feeding experiments, 1906-07 Horticulture Grape cultivation in Chautauqua County A Short Course in horticulture editorial An Abandoned Farm College Life Athletics Inter-collegiate hockey league Our Old Boys Macdonald Thoughts for the New Year Locals

The highlight of this issue for the O. A. C. students would be the examination results and grade standings. The agricultural education articles include a review of the Nova Scotia Agricultural College and the benefits of agricultural education in the public schools. Agricultural articles address the safe preservation of eggs, the necessity of horse breeding during wartime, and milking regulations at various agricultural colleges. Other agricultural articles pertain to the potential in farming in Northern Ontario, growing potatoes for the domestic market, and the farm labour problem due to rural flight. The Alumni column contains the entire list of student and alumni enlistments in the military, letters from the front that encourage the young men to enlist, and other alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column comments of the women's initiation. While the Locals column provides campus humour. What is farming? The Nova Scotia Agricultural College Preserving eggs Definite aims in horsebreeding Milking regulations Experimenting in Ontario's Northland Growing potatoes for home and market Farm labor Relationship of the school garden to the class room The O. A. C. examination results The Requirements of a Good Farmer are Four Who'd be a farmer What are we going to do about it? Editorials Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising

Societal changes influence the articles published in this issue as they pertain to the use of motor cars on the farm, and the problem of rural flight. Agricultural articles feature cheese making in Ontario, the Ontario Provincial Winter Fair, the opportunities of being a plant breeder, marketing potatoes, and winter poultry production. Campus news highlights the Christmas examination results, the new skating rink, and a visit from the Governor-General, Duke of Devonshire. The Macdonald column contains alumnae news and an article on the uniforms of the Macdonald Institute. The Alumni column contains alumni news including additions to the honour roll of those killed in action, and letters from the Front. One alumnus contributed an article on the 56th O. A. C. Battery. Motor cars on the farm The situation of the cheese maker in Ontario Rural exodus and one of its causes A little talk on artillery Judging competition, Winter Fair 1916 The forest dollar Christmas examinations 1916 Be a plant breeder! The Winter Fair Marketing potatoes The wool exhibit at the Winter Fair The flock in winter Editorial Alumni Athletics College life Contentment Macdonald Locals

This issue begins with the announcement that Henry G. Bell has joined the faculty of the Chemistry Department to conduct work on soil fertility and fertilizers. The English Department column has returned in this issue. Agricultural articles pertain to the success of the livestock judging team, the Ontario Creamerymen's Convention, the management of geese during winter, and girdling apple trees to increase productivity. The Biology column addresses fruit fly evolution and ornithology during the summer. The highlight of the campus news is the examination results for both O. A. C. and the Macdonald Institute. Other campus news is the debate regarding continuation of the O. A. C. Review, and the success of seasonal parties and banquets. The Macdonald Institute column provides instruction on preparing candy, and alumnae activities. While the Alumni column provides alumni updates. Who's who Chemistry staff augmented English department Judging team knows beef cattle Ontario Creamerymen's Convention The management of breeding geese during winter Wing prints and segments Horticulture Results of Christmas examinations, 1929 Do you know? Editorial News and views College life Macdonald Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

This issue ends the school year and publishes the O. A. C. final examination results. This includes photographs of winning teams and executive committees. Highlighted in this issue is the creation of the Wade Toole Memorial Trophy awarded to the winning exhibit at the College Royal. This trophy is a tribute to the professor that initiated the creation of the College Royal. Agricultural articles pertain to the artificial insemination of queen bees, pesticides, and fungicides. Other articles address the creation of Roquefort cheese, the new rose garden on campus, and food science experiments on potatoes. Professor Stevenson writes of his hobby of ornithology. Campus news reports on the creation of a memorial room in the new men's residence, the annual statement of the O. A. C. Co-operative Association, the Baccalaureate Service, and the closing meetings of campus clubs. The news and views column provides instruction on the prevention of rose mildew, the profitability of deep plowing, varieties of strawberries, and good hygiene of cattle feed and water. The Macdonald Institute column reports on the Macdonald Hall Student Christian Movement, the closing meetings of the Mac Hall societies, various dinners, and alumnae activities. While the Alumni column provides alumni updates and a reminder of the annual get-together in June. The Wade Toole Memorial Trophy Artificial insemination of queen bees Roquefort cheese An old hobby Wing prints and segments The proposed new rose test garden, Results of final examinations 1929-30 Campus comments Editorial Alumni College life Macdonald S. O. T. I. page Locals News and views advertising

Concluding the school year, this issue includes the thesis of the graduate with the highest class standing, and the examination results for all students. Each department summarizes its campus activities for the school year. An article reports on the designation a new suburb called College Heights. Alumni updates are included in the Personals column. Editorial The soiling of cattle Exams 1898 1899 Personals Athletic notes By our college reporter Local New books The bicycle craze advertising

This issue begins with an editorial regarding the success of the Short Course. The Short Course provides men and women the opportunity to visit the College and investigate if they are interested in attending the College full-time. Agricultural articles pertain to the agricultural potential of Northern Ontario, Dr. Christie's address at Purdue University, Australian agriculture, and wages for English farm workers. Campus news reports the Christmas examination results, the results of the student livestock judging teams, and the athletic endeavors. A student shares a reminiscence of Old Johnston Hall and the various extracurricular activities held there. The Alumni Record provides alumni news. One alumni quipped about the Portico "the four pillars represent four long years at the College and the door leads to nowhere". The Macdonald Institute column comments on the annual Senior Party, the women's basketball games, and student activities. Editorial Agriculture in New Ontario The livestock team at Chicago The meat team at Chicago Good Old Johnston Scientific agriculture Dr. Christie addresses Purdue Conference From the land of Southern Cross Exchange scholarships offered to students The English farm worker's wages Alumni record Macdonald news The W. C. Blackwood Trophy O. A. C. sportsfolio Results of Christmas examinations, 1934 The tail of a monkey Canada's National Poultry Breeding Programme advertising

Agricultural articles in this issue address the merits of agricultural research, a trip through the Imperial Valley in California, and fruit growing in Manitoba. Students of the class of 1929 contribute the rest of the articles consisting of short stories and an account of traveling through the Canadian Rockies by automobile. The highlight of the campus news is the final examination results. Other campus news reports on the Year '28 Banquet and the Farewell Dance. The Alumni column provides an update of various alumni banquets and alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes compositions by the students and alumnae updates. Freshmen All! Should research in agriculture be encouraged? A trip through the Imperial Valley Fruit growing in Manitoba Through the Canadian Rockies by Ford To Morning The European Corn Borer When the Next War Will Begin A little novelette Editorial College life Macdonald Alumni Locals advertising

This issue continues the article on farmers and politics. Other articles include pesticide use in orchards, entomology, agricultural economics, seed selection, and a review of the Provincial Winter Fair. Campus news highlights the winning of the bronze bull trophy at the Chicago International Live Stock Exposition, and the winter examination results. The Macdonald Institute hosted a visit from the Governor General of Canada, Earl Grey. Alumni news is available in the Our Ex-Students column and highlights the annual banquet of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union and O. A. C. Old Boys Reunion. Power spraying Farmers and politics The study of insects Live stock in Ontario The Provincial Winter Fair The International The Short Course The importance of seed selection Editorial Our Ex-Students The O. A. C. Old Boys Re-union Athletic Notes Macdonald College Life New books Locals advertising

This is a thematic issue devoted to agricultural engineering and highlights some of the labor saving machinery that have improved farming by 1908. Campus articles include reports from the Y. M. C. A. conference and Athletics Association, and the examination results of the top twenty students. The Macdonald Institute features a report on Macdonald College in Quebec. Alumni news is available in the Our Old Boys column. This issue features stories by alumni, one who attended O. A. C. in 1874 and another who remembers the hazing in 1883. Electric power and the Ontario farmer Highway economics The future power of the farm Concrete on the farm The utility of the hay loader Up-to-date orchard implements Sense and Spirit Engineering a farm drain The farm cream separator: its selection and care The art of plowing The farm workshop The care of the mechanism of a self-binder Muslin curtain ventilation The Prospector Some interior views of the new machinery hall Editorial College Life The Niagara Student Conference Athletics Our Old Boys Thirty years ago Hazing in the early eighties Macdonald Health and physical education at Macdonald College, Quebec Locals advertising

Agricultural articles in this issue pertain to research on clearing timberland for farming, utilizing tankage as hog feed, diseases that affect potatoes, and land drainage. Articles provided by alumni include why one alumnus remains a farmer, and a description of life in Smyrna, Turkey. Horticultural articles include the history of the wax fruits in the O. A. C. museum, landscape architecture for parks, and propagating delphiniums. The editorial contains a tribute to faculty member Dr. Annie Ross and the plans for the development of a food science building. The highlight of the campus news is the examination results. Other campus news includes the renaming of the Old Residence to Johnston Hall, the Third Year Banquet, and athletic results. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column contains an article on chemistry for the home and alumnae updates. Our College Songs Why I stick to the farm Mistakes Wisconsin's message to Ontario Tankage as a supplemental hog feed Tuber borne diseases of potatoes Smyrna Underdrainage The wax fruits in the O. A. C. museum Park planting and design Delphiniums Editorial College life Athletics Macdonald Alumni Locals advertising

This issue concludes the school year. A student provides an article regarding his travels through Scotland. A guest contributor concludes his article on agricultural transportation. The principal of the Nova Scotia Agricultural College writes of the founding of the college at Truro. Agricultural articles pertain to agriculture in the Maritime Provinces as well as the prairies. There is also an article on the history of the English Experimental Stations. The horticultural article is regarding the apple industry of Ontario. Campus activities cumulate in the graduation results, athletic activities, and a summary of the cosmopolitan composition of the student body. The editorial is about whether a graduate should continue with postgraduate studies. The Macdonald Notes reports on the formal dinner provided by the senior class. Alumni news is available in the Our Alumni column. Inverness to Oban by the Caledonia Canal The farmer and the railway Why I keep a pony The Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia Editorial reflections Agriculture in the Maritime Provinces Some peculiarities of the North-West English Experimental Stations Apple industry of Ontario C. P. R. Westbound Editorial Athletics College Life Our Alumni Macdonald Notes Animal life in Jamaica Examination results Locals advertising

For the students, the highlight of this issue would be the Christmas examination results. The editorial is regarding students who miss lectures. Agricultural articles pertain to the history of the McCormick-reaper, agricultural practices in China, the necessity of the Welland Canal for exporting wheat, and seed requirements for the spring. Other articles address how a proper diet could contribute to a longer life expectancy, the science of brewing alcoholic beverages, and a travel diary of a student's visit to Edinburgh. Posted in this issue are the new rules for the College Royal competitions. The literary section contains the news of the Union Literary Society, changes in the faculty, and a proposal for a universal common language. The Macdonald Institute column includes student humour. The photographs for the centrefold are of travels through the Rockies. Campus news reports on the success the O. A. C. had at the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair and the research conducted by the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union. The sports section highlights the various athletic endeavors of the students. The Alumni column contains alumni updates. The Macdonald Alumnae column reports on the 1935 Class Reunion. Editorial All to build a binder Chores in China Believe it or not Agriculture without science - home brewing College Royal 1937 The grain lane to Europe A ramble in Auld Reekie Literary section Macdonald news College life An ideal for the farm Glimpses Mid peaks and pines Letters to the Editor College winnings at the Royal Experimental Union meets Time to consider seed requirements O. A. C. sportsfolio Alumni news Macdonald alumnae S. C. M. notes Results of Christmas Examinations, 1936 Graduates whose addresses are unknown advertising

The highlight of this issue is the examination results for the O. A. C. students. Two articles focus on the search for summer employment and potential employment in journalism. Agricultural articles pertain to poultry club work in New Brunswick, and rearing queen bees for the apiary. A student provides an essay on traveling to Netherswell Manor in England, while Professor Unwin comments on British imperialism. The editorial addresses the progress on the building of War Memorial Hall. Campus news reports on the athletic awards, the final dances and dinners for the school year, and the awarding of the Bits O' Bronze scholarship. Alumni updates are provided in the Alumni column. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Now the Lilac Tree's in Bud Summer employment Education in journalism Poultry club work in New Brunswick Imperial development Queen rearing in the commercial apiary At Netherswell Manor Editorial College life Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

Former editors of the O. A. C. Review wrote all the articles of this issue. Article topics range from a history of the founding of the O. A. C. Review, to getting along with your neighbours. The highlight of the campus news are the examination results for both the O. A. C. and Macdonald Institute students. Continued in this issue is the column regarding the National Federation of Canadian University Students, with a focus on the forthcoming debate in the Maritimes. The Alumni column provides a list of the occupations of all of the former editors of the O. A. C. Review, and alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column highlights the academic standing of the students, and alumnae updates. The Ways The founding of the O. A. C. Review Greyfriars Bobby Alberta's agricultural schools Meeting on Joe Lake When neighbours meet Comments on agriculture Student life Editorial English Department College life News and views Macdonald Alumni N. F. C. U. S. Locals advertising

Mac students would find the Macdonald Institute examination results the highlight of this issue. Agricultural articles in this issue pertain to the creation of the Ontario Research Foundation, research into improving pasture crops, the British market for Canadian honey, and the World's Grain Show. Continued in this issue is a profile of College President and alumnus Dr. Robert S. Shaw. Other articles address the formation of the British National Union to bring together agriculturalists of the Empire, and a banker's perspective on the Canadian banking system. Alumnus Randall Lewis provides a reminiscence of World War 1. While the English Department contributes an article on the life and works of T. S. Elliot. Campus news reports on the ideas of speakeasies to practice public speaking, the student council awards for 1932-1933, and a review of the athletic endeavors of the past year. The Macdonald Institute column is devoted to the examination results. Alumni news is interspersed throughout the issue. The Alumni column do not appear in this issue. Editorial Agriculture and the Ontario Research Foundation O. A. C. men who have become College Presidents Scientific improvements of our pasture crops The British National Union The Canadian banking system Reminiscences Notes on T. S. Elliot Literary section College life Canadian honey goes overseas Sports folio The World's Grain Show Macdonald Hall Examination advertising

This issue begins with an article regarding immigration provided by the Department of Immigration and Colonization. The agricultural articles pertain to silage crops for Northern Ontario, the development of sweet clover as an annual crop, President Reynolds' address on the mission of the agricultural college, and the operation of seed drills. Other articles feature the English poet Alfred Noyes, and the educational system in Switzerland. Featured is an article that outlines the formation of the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. The focus of the campus news are the examination results and the short courses for the Mac Hall students and soldier's wives. The serialized wartime story titled "Apres la Guerre" is continued in this issue. The Alumni column contains a report of the Western Ontario O. A. C. Alumni Association, and alumni and alumnae updates. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Filling the manless land The spirit of Alfred Noyes Silage crops for Northern Ontario The mission of the agricultural college The educational system of Switzerland Coming - annual sweet clover The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Postmortem Farm power Editorial "Apres la Guerre" College life Athletics Alumni advertising

This issue's articles address winter birds in Ontario, dairy tariffs and the Ontario farmer, nocturnal birds and the spread of noxious weeds in impure grain seed. The agricultural articles pertain to government dairy testing associations, the future in agriculture on the Prairies, and the economics of mutton production. The Horticulture articles address the profitability of fruit farming in Ontario, and greenhouse tomatoes. Campus articles include the examination results, how the O. A. C. is the largest residential college in Canada, and winter athletic activities. The Macdonald Institute column has an article on cooking classes in rural schools. Alumni news is available in the Our Old Boys column and this issue features the class of 1874. Our winter birds The tariff and the Ontario farmer Voices of the night The Aurora Borealis The spread of noxious weeds in Ontario The Shepard of the Soil Anglo-American musings on Canada Government cow-testing associations Agriculture Ontario and the West Some phases of mutton production Horticulture The economic importance of Canadian horticulture Greenhouse tomatoes Editorial College Life Home life at the O. A. C. and the opportunity it affords Athletics Our Old Boys Snowfall Macdonald A country school equipment Locals advertising

The highlight of this issue, for the students, would be the examination results. The editorial comments on the trade agreement with the United States, the economic forecast for 1936, and the destruction of rats in Canada. Student authored articles include an article on scientific investigation, German youth hostels, and commentary on lecture as a method of instruction. The O. V. C. column reports on the cost of tickets to the Conversat, the cleanliness of swine, novelty, an Australian newspaper advertisement, and the travels of a dog judge. Agricultural articles pertain to weed control in Ontario, the Jabuticaba tree, erosion in Drumheller Alberta, and the Minister of Agriculture's address on campus. Other articles include the debate by the Junior Board of Trade, short course student behaviour and an explanation of bisentilis annus (leap year). Campus clubs report on the activities of the O. A. C. Rifle Association, the Animal Husbandry Club, and the Philharmonic Society. Alumni news reports on the creation of the London District O. A. C. Club, an obituary for Professor Bell, and a profile of Jack Chisholm's work in the film industry. The sports section reports on the various athletic endeavors of the students. This issue does not contain a Macdonald Institute column. Editorial Address by the Minister of Agriculture Summer Clouds The scientific attitude German youth hostels Are we wasting our time? Short notes on little things Weeds! Weeds! Is it worth it? Some matters of extreme importance Tropical agriculture Animal Husbandry Club notes Literary section Farms slipping away Letters to the editor College life Alumni news An O. A. C. alumnus takes a trip west, summer 1935 Changes in graduate list O. A. C. sportsfolio advertising

The theme of the final issue of the school year is on agriculture of the newly created provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Campus news has the final examination results. The Macdonald Institute article features nature study notes on wild ginger. Alumni news is available in the Our Old Boys in the West column and highlights alumni in Western Canada. Song of the Plains The lure of the great lone land Agricultural education in the West Ranching in Alberta Chinook Grain growing under irrigation The mountains Forestry in Western Canada Temiskaming The Canadian West "Tempora mutantur et nos in ilis" Editorial Old Boys in the West "Te in gradum ituri salutamus" College Life Athletics Macdonald Some nature study notes Asarabacca or Wild Ginger Locals advertising

This issue features the student graduation results. The agricultural articles address marketing dairy products, increasing the domestic markets for Canadian fruit, how the Canadian Seed Growers' Association guarantees clean seed, which fertilizers maintain soil fertility, and the greatest advantage in horticulture is practical experience. An athletic article provides a history of football. Also printed in this issue are two short stories, one written by Charles G. D. Roberts. Campus news reports the election results for the college organizations, a photograph of the O. A. C. Review staff, the athletic results, and sophomore banquet. The Macdonald column outlines the women's initiation. Alumni column news provides biographies of alumni who had won medals while they were students. Marketing dairy products, etc. Ancient history of football Future markets for Canadian fruit Canadian Born Heckee, the stripped chipmonk To My Dog Pure vital seed New soils from old The Voice of the Clover-wind Masters and mannerisms Handicaps in horticulture Queries Transgression Editorials Alumni A Serenade Athletics College life Macdonald Much ado about nothing Results at O. A. C. Locals advertising

Women at the Macdonald Institute contributed all the articles devoted to the theme of home economics. Articles include pioneers in the field, a report on the Ontario Training School for Girls in Galt, and a report of the third annual meeting of the Ontario Dietetic Association. Other articles address the newest research on diets for controlling diabetes, the study of Mothercraft at the Macdonald Institute, and a lecture regarding the aquarium at the London Zoo. Alumnus W. J. Garnett writes of his experience studying at Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. Campus news focuses on the final examination results, but does mention the results of the O. A. C. and Macdonald Hall elections. The Macdonald Institute column reports on the Junior Women's Institute Annual Conference (the Girls' Conference), the activities of the women's sports teams, and the Senior Dinner. While there is an Alumnae news column with alumnae updates, there is not an Alumni column in this issue. Editorial A call to the Diamond Jubilee of the good old O. A. C. Pioneers of home economics in Ontario The late Mrs. D. R. Sands The Ontario Training School for Girls Report Third Annual Dietetic Association Meeting A letter from Oxford Newer phases in treatment of diabetes mellitus The good old summertime Mothercraft instruction Poems written by girls in Mothercraft classes Mothercraft Centre Agricultural philosophy Literary section East and West College life Macdonald news Alumnae news Behind the scenes in a zoo acquarium Results of final examinations, 1934 advertising

This slim summer issue contains articles on the Illinois Soil Survey, instruction on farm bookkeeping, an outline of the two-day stock judging course, and how soil fertility affects honey production. The campus news is the 1914 examination results. The Alumni column provides news regarding four alumni. Also printed in this issue is a short story by George Shepherd. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. The Illinois soil investigation The Onion Habit or be Consistent A treatise on farm bookkeeping Agriculture The two-day stock judging course Ante Mortem Soil fertility and honey production Queries Examination results Alumni A case of reversion Mother Lost Her Job advertising

This summer issue highlights the women's graduation at the Macdonald Institute. Beginning this issue is a tribute to the late Professor Squirrell. Agricultural articles pertain to the genetics of dairy cattle breeding and observations on the fig. Other articles address the memorial gardens dedicated to leading Canadian agriculturalists and equating an animal's metabolism to an engine. Student contributions include articles on the differences in university systems between English and Canada, and a travel diary regarding the Yukon. The literary section addresses the Canadian painting loan collection from the National Gallery. Campus news pertains to the conferences held on campus, the acquisition of a champion Shorthorn bull, and a short story about the jinx of a cat on a ship. The Macdonald Institute column is devoted to the women's examination results and commencement exercises. Alumni news reports on the June alumni reunions on campus and alumni updates. Of interest is the initiation of an O. A. C. father's and son club to recognize the subsequent generations of O. A. C. alumni. Professor W. Squirrell Deep and well ribbed-up Memorial to leaders in agriculture opened at experimental farm Cambridge what! what! Loose leaves A glimpse of the Yukon Literary section Letters to the editor College life Round the barns Our Bill Concerning Two Cats Macdonald news Alumni news advertising