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The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (IC) on cost of Equity capital. The empirical research is based on companies listed in the French SBF 120 stock market index. The findings confirm our hypotheses that stipulate the existence of a significant and negative association between intellectual capital disclosure with its two components (human capital, structural) and the cost of equity. However, the negative impact of the relational capital disclosure is not validated. The results in this paper are of considerable importance to both policy makers and firms. In fact, the understanding of the impact of Intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity capital helps policy makers in the evaluation of the costs and benefits of disclosure. Moreover, with regard to managers of firms, the results show the benefit of enhanced IC disclosure regarding the reduction in their cost of capital. This study is one of the very first to provide empirical evidence of the association between Cost of equity capital and the level of disclosure in the three individual intellectual capital categories (human; structural and relational capital). El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el impacto de la divulgación del capital intelectual (CI) sobre el coste del capital social. La investigación empírica se basa en las empresas que figuran en el índice bursátil francés SBF 120. Los hallazgos confirman nuestras hipótesis, según las cuales existe una asociación significativa y negativa de la divulgación del capital intelectual con sus dos componentes (capital humano y estructural) y el coste de los fondos propios. No obstante, no se ha confirmado el impacto negativo de la divulgación del capital relacional. Los resultados de este trabajo tienen una importancia considerable tanto para los legisladores como para las empresas. De hecho, la comprensión del impacto de la divulgación del capital intelectual sobre el coste del capital social ayuda a los legisladores a evaluar los costes y beneficios de la divulgación. Además, con respecto a los gerentes de las empresas, los resultados muestran los beneficios de la mayor divulgación de CI en cuanto a la reducción de su coste de capital. Este estudio es uno de los primeros en proporcionar pruebas empíricas de la asociación entre el coste del capital social y el nivel de divulgación en las tres categorías de capital intelectual individual (capital humano, estructural y relacional).

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (IC) on cost of Equity capital. The empirical research is based on companies listed in the French SBF 120 stock market index. The findings confirm our hypotheses that stipulate the existence of a significant and negative association between intellectual capital disclosure with its two components (human capital, structural) and the cost of equity. However, the negative impact of the relational capital disclosure is not validated. The results in this paper are of considerable importance to both policy makers and firms. In fact, the understanding of the impact of Intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity capital helps policy makers in the evaluation of the costs and benefits of disclosure. Moreover, with regard to managers of firms, the results show the benefit of enhanced IC disclosure regarding the reduction in their cost of capital. This study is one of the very first to provide empirical evidence of the association between Cost of equity capital and the level of disclosure in the three individual intellectual capital categories (human; structural and relational capital). El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el impacto de la divulgación del capital intelectual (CI) sobre el coste del capital social. La investigación empírica se basa en las empresas que figuran en el índice bursátil francés SBF 120. Los hallazgos confirman nuestras hipótesis, según las cuales existe una asociación significativa y negativa de la divulgación del capital intelectual con sus dos componentes (capital humano y estructural) y el coste de los fondos propios. No obstante, no se ha confirmado el impacto negativo de la divulgación del capital relacional. Los resultados de este trabajo tienen una importancia considerable tanto para los legisladores como para las empresas. De hecho, la comprensión del impacto de la divulgación del capital intelectual sobre el coste del capital social ayuda a los legisladores a evaluar los costes y beneficios de la divulgación. Además, con respecto a los gerentes de las empresas, los resultados muestran los beneficios de la mayor divulgación de CI en cuanto a la reducción de su coste de capital. Este estudio es uno de los primeros en proporcionar pruebas empíricas de la asociación entre el coste del capital social y el nivel de divulgación en las tres categorías de capital intelectual individual (capital humano, estructural y relacional).

This work deals with entry strategies in an emerging market, the Brazilian market. The case studies supporting it are of French companies from the cosmetics sector. A literature review about the subject will be compared with the results from the case studies. This process means to eventually dress a picture of the current characteristics of the decision of settling on the Brazilian cosmetics sector for foreign middle-size companies. The literature review has chosen different axes of focus to build a study going into depth and mixing the several considerations of a company considering entry on a foreign market. The topics chosen are the following: the reasons for internationalization, the entry modes themselves, the possible barriers, the specific strategies for middle-size companies in an emerging market and the adaptations of the marketing mix. Then, this work focuses on three French companies representative of the problematics of the cosmetics sector: Norlessi, LaboBio and Plains Cosmetics. The case studies are supported by interview and collection of data from different sources, depicted more in depth in the methodology part. After that is conducted a cross-analysis trying to compare the findings of the empirical study with the literature review. The final conclusions have for goal to be an objective observation of the reasoning process of the considered companies over the problematics mentioned hereabove. Este trabalho envolve as estrategias de entrada sobre um mercado emergente, o mercado brasileiro. Os estudos de casos que apoiam o assunto são de empresas francesas do setor de cosméticos. Uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto sera comparada com os resultados dos estudos de caso. Isso para conduzir numa observação do estado atual das caractéristicos de instalação no mercado brasileiro deste setor para empresas estrangeiras de tamanho médio. O estudo da literatura que já existe sobre o assunto se concentra sobre varias problemáticas conectadas com a problemática geral: as razões para internacionalizar, o modo de entrada, os obstáculos encontrados, as estrategias especificais e as adaptações do marketing mix. Depois este trabalho se concentra sobre tres empresas francesas representativas das problematicas atuais do setor : Norlessi, LaboBio e Plains Cosmetics. Os estudos de caso são sustentados por entrevistas e coleção de dados de varios origens, descrevedo mas precisamente na parte de methodologia. Depois será feito uma cross-analysis tentando comparar as conclusões do estudo empirico e do estudo literário. As conclusões finais tem como objetivo de ser uma observação objetiva do raciocinio das empresas consideradas sobre as problemáticas escolhidas.