Search

In 2014, the College of Health at the University of Utah hired a new dean, who was charged with increasing research productivity (e.g., extramural funding). This paper highlights several ways that the Department of Health and Kinesiology (more broadly the College of Health) leveraged resources through interdisciplinary partnerships to meet this challenge. More specifically, the paper highlights efforts to develop new research space, explore partnerships with other units and initiatives on campus to recruit and retain faculty, and use existing programming on campus to strengthen the research infrastructure. It also illustrates changes in policies that enabled this research expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous studies on the impacts of climate change in developing economies, scarce research focuses on these spatial effects in the internal regions of these countries. To shed light on this concern, this study aims to analyze the spatial effect of climate change on regional economic disparities in the context of Benin. The secondary data are extracted from the World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal and a Beninese local finance database covering the period from 2010 to 2019. A random-effects panel model and a dynamic spatial Durbin model of endogenous growth are used. The results reveal that, in the absence of spatial effects, average temperature reinforces economic disparities by 4.4 points within regions. A one-point increase in precipitation increases economic disparities by 0.001 points. The spatial model reveals both short- and long-term positive spatial externalities. Thus, a one-point positive variation in precipitation in neighboring regions leads to a 0.005% increase in a given region’s own revenue per capita. Similarly, a one-point increase in precipitation in a given region induces a 0.004% rise in own revenues in neighboring regions. Damage caused by climate change in one area encourages positive economic dynamics in neighboring areas. These spatial interactions reinforce economic differences and maintain economic disparities between Benin’s regions.

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Europe experienced a period of scientific advances in various fields. This is associated with the results of numerous surveys, discoveries, accidental finds, and scientific research, contributing to the appearance of scientific societies and new disciplines. In the field of history, the incredibly rich but little-known ancient architectural, archaeological, and written heritage attracted the attention of many researchers. This resulted in the collection of ancient antiquities, gradually forming a whole direction of scientific research – classical archaeology. The Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory of Lviv University (1905) became the main centre of the development of classical archaeology in Eastern Galicia (Eastern Halychyna, now – western Ukraine). The first classical archaeologist from Lviv was Professor Karol Hadaczek. After his tragic death and the beginning of World War I, the Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory was divided into two independent departments. Classical archaeology was headed by Edmund Bulanda, with whom the entire development of interwar Lviv classical archaeology is inseparably linked. E. Bulanda’s greatest legacy was his students (K. Michałowski, K. Majewski, I. Starchuk, E. Kulczycki), who, after the war, led entire areas of scientific research in Polish universities and made a significant contribution to the study and increasing public awareness of the classical heritage.

The status of gender equity at universities is often evaluated via statistical data such as the proportions of women faculty members and students. However, given that women are still a minority in decision-making positions while gender parity has been achieved in most countries for students, simply increasing the proportion of women alone is not enough to ensure a truly gender-neutral (gender bias-free) academic climate on campuses, i.e., continuous efforts are required to create an environment that promotes the active participation of women. In particular, when the environment for cutting-edge advanced research in STEM fields is considered, despite the necessity for a gender perspective in science and technology innovation, the establishment of a gender-neutral academic climate has yet to be achieved. To solve this problem, a new indicator that accurately and quantitatively reflects the status of the gender-neutral academic climate on campuses is urgently needed.On the basis of this idea, this paper proposes a new method for quantitatively assessing the gender-neutral academic climate at each school/division/department of a university by analyzing scholarly output by gender. We created a bubble chart called the Academic Gender Equity Index (Academic_GEI), which consists of scholarly output and the proportion and absolute number of women faculty members, and used it as an indicator of human resource initiatives for gender equality within disciplines. We conducted a survey using this methodology in several countries (Japan/USA/EU). The Academic_GEI, along with other existing indicators, can be used to foster a gender-neutral academic climate for the next generation.

This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the Planning Department, Monitoring as well as Evaluation (DPME) in South African's Government Department. DPME is one of the South African Government establishments, brought in the year 2010, with the aim to ensure continuous improvement in service delivery in South African government department through performance monitoring and evaluation. Planning, monitoring, and evaluation are some of the finest ways to make sure a project is carried out according to the plan and produces the desired results and effects. As previously mentioned, The purpose of the Department of Planning, Monitoring, and Assessment is to enable, affect, and promote efficient planning, monitoring, and evaluation of government programs targeted at enhancing outcomes, the impact on society, and the delivery of services. The focus of this article will be on the water supply, which is a common municipality service delivery in particular municipalities. Qualitative research approach will be employed. Data gathering will be based on yearly reports, observed reports on the water supply in the localities, and even quick conversations with the locals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the role of the Kazan school of history and ethnology in the development of Professor P.V. Denisov’s views and professional expertise. Kazan University is the alma mater of numerous notable Chuvash researchers. Many studies on the Chuvash people were performed within its walls, particularly by N.V. Nikolsky, V.K. Magnitsky, I.Ya. Yakovlev, N.I. Zolotnitsky et al. P.V. Denisov, who rose to prominence as a scholar and lecturer within the scientific and educational centers of Kazan, carried on their work with great merit. Here, his collaborations with Kazan colleagues and his substantial contributions to the advancement of ethnology and pedagogy were analyzed. Based on the analysis, several conclusions were drawn. P.V. Denisov dedicated his life to promoting science and mentoring further generations of highly qualified and skilled historians and ethnologists. His academic and pedagogical endeavors were mostly connected with I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, where he taught historical and ethnographic disciplines, as well as established and headed the Department of Archaeology, Ethnography, and Regional History. Throughout his life, he published 120 scholarly works and supervised 20 holders of candidate and doctorate degrees in history. He was proud to be an alumnus of Kazan University and always maintained friendly and professional ties with his colleagues from Tatarstan. P.V. Denisov’s heritage and achievements have become deeply ingrained in Russian ethnology and pedagogy. His influence and ideas live on in the memories of his students. The obtained results hold both scientific and practical significance, shed light on the history of ethnology in the Volga–Ural region, and provide valuable material for studying and sketching the lives of famous Kazan University alumni.

During the test at the session, the student (extramural student) expands his knowledge and skills. When checking the work performed in the presence of the teacher, the latter, if necessary, can additionally talk with the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising length of stay and inpatient boarding in emergency departments have directly affected patient satisfaction and nearly all provider-to-patient care metrics. Prior studies suggest that ED observation has significant clinical and financial benefits including decreasing hospitalization and length of stay. ED observation is one method long employed to shorten ED length of stay and to free up inpatient beds, yet many patients continue to be admitted to the hospital with an average hospital length of stay of only one day. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether vigorous tracking and provider reviews of one day hospital admits affected the utilization of ED observation and whether this correlated with significant change in rates of admission from observation status. Between September 2020 and May 2021, in a tertiary care hospital with an annual ED volume of 55,0000, chart reviews of 24-h inpatient discharges were initiated by two senior EM faculty to determine perceived suitability for ED observation. Non-punitive email reviews were then initiated with ED attending providers in order to encourage evaluation of whether these patients would have benefitted from being placed into observation. We then analyzed ED observation patient volumes and subsequent admission rates to the hospital from ED observation and compared these numbers to baseline ED observation volume and admission rates between September 2018 and May 2019. A total of 1448 reviews were conducted on 24-h discharges which correlated with an increase in utilization of ED observation from 11.77% (95% CI [11.62, 12.31]) of total ED volume in our control period to 14.21% (95% CI [13.84, 14.58]) during the study period. We found that the overall admission rate from ED observation increased from 20.12% (95% CI [18.97, 21.26]) baseline to 23.80% (95% CI [22.60, 25.00]) during the same time periods. Our data suggest that increasing the total number of patients placed into observation by 21% correlated with a relative increase in admission rates from ED observation by 18%. This would suggest that our efforts to potentially include more patients into our observation program led to a significant increase in subsequent admission rates. There is likely a balance that must be struck between under- and over-utilization of ED observation, and expanding ED observation may be an effective solution to hospital boarding and ED overcrowding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the authors raised the problem of reduction of geometry-graphic training departments in Russian universities, which for the last 16 years amounted to about 1/3. The reasons for this situation are considered, among which should be emphasized the lack of highly qualified personnel of higher qualification, capable of leading scientific schools in the profile of geometric-graphic training departments. It is proposed to activate the work of the departments of geometry-graphic training on training of scientific-pedagogical staff of higher qualification in postgraduate and doctoral studies. It is also proposed to fix for engineering specialties at the level of the state standard the necessary labor intensity and more stringent requirements to the staff conditions for the implementation of the basic professional educational program with regard to the disciplines of geometric-graphic training of students.

Background: Antibiotic resistant infections were responsible for the deaths of 1.27 million people, with an overall 4.95 million deaths associated with complications from resistant bacterial infections globally. Aim: This study determined the antibiotics; aztreonam (ATM), meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IMP) resistant Gram negative bacteria from inpatient department in FMC, Birnin Kebbi. Methods: Thirty (30) samples from different fomites in the inpatient department were aseptically collected using swab sticks. Streak plate technique was used to characterize and identify the bacterial isolates, then disc diffusion technique was employed to check the resistance pattern of the isolates to the antibiotics as in EUCAST guidelines version 12.0. Results: The biochemical technique further confirmed the occurrence of; Escherichia coli (E. coli) (35%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%), Klebseilla pneumonia (20%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (15%). On the antibiotic resistance screening, E. coli and A. baumannii were found multi-drug resistant (MDR) to the antibiotics. The remaining isolates show resistance to the antibiotics except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were found sensitive to MEM and IPM respectively. Conclusion: Bacteria isolated are highly drug resistant to the antibiotics. The need for routine environmental sanitation, proper personal hygiene among the hospital participants, drug repositioning and molecular assay for rapid detection of MDR bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Europe experienced a period of scientific advances in various fields. This is associated with the results of numerous surveys, discoveries, accidental finds, and scientific research, contributing to the appearance of scientific societies and new disciplines. In the field of history, the incredibly rich but little-known ancient architectural, archaeological, and written heritage attracted the attention of many researchers. This resulted in the collection of ancient antiquities, gradually forming a whole direction of scientific research - classical archaeology. The Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory of Lviv University (1905) became the main centre of the development of classical archaeology in Eastern Galicia (Eastern Halychyna, now - western Ukraine). The first classical archaeologist from Lviv was Professor Karol Hadaczek. After his tragic death and the beginning of World War I, the Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory was divided into two independent departments. Classical archaeology was headed by Edmund Bulanda, with whom the entire development of interwar Lviv classical archaeology is inseparably linked. E. Bulanda's greatest legacy was his students (K. Michałowski, K. Majewski, I. Starchuk, E. Kulczycki), who, after the war, led entire areas of scientific research in Polish universities and made a significant contribution to the study and increasing public awareness of the classical heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the stereotype logistic model, this study examines the determinants of doctoral graduate's satisfaction with their overall doctoral programme experience in Italian universities. The dataset used (Istat 2019) covers a representative sample of national and international graduates for the graduation years 2012 and 2014 including more than 80 academic institutions and 14 disciplinary areas. The detailed questionnaire allows investigation of various aspects of satisfaction with the doctoral experience, framed by the two broader constructs of the role of the supervisor and that of the department. Regression results show that the dominant factors are related to the support for career development beyond the doctorate and to certain aspects of the supervisor's role. Of less importance are research facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1974, the number of entomology-specific courses or subjects available at Australian universities, including the University of Queensland, has plummeted. Today, discussion of the status of tertiary-level entomological education tends to be a lament, as older entomologists view with appreciation the depth and diversity of their own educational experiences. I will attempt to contextualise the university-level changes and examine ways of ensuring entomological education continues to move forward. Undergraduate education is unlikely to go back to the comprehensive practical skills basis that was prevalent in the late 1900s: such skills will be obtained in higher degree research or in employment. We need to acknowledge that education is becoming more about helping students manage and contextualise information than it is about lecturing to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid antigen testing (RAT) is a cost-effective and time-efficient method of identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and therefore a critical part of infection control strategies. There is no published evidence evaluating the use of RAT during the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic for asymptomatic patients or its performance between waves. All patients presenting to an Emergency Department over a two-week period without COVID-19 symptoms were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using both the Abbott Panbio RAT as well as the gold standard reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Abbott Panbio RAT sensitivity was 13% (95% CI 0.028, 0.336) for asymptomatic patients. The use of this test in asymptomatic patients during the Omicron wave had a statistically significant reduction in sensitivity compared with two reports of the same test in previous waves (13% vs. 86%, p < 0.0001; 13% vs. 83%, p < 0.0001). As SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate, the sensitivity of RATs are altered and needs to be continually re-evaluated for each variant of concern if they are to be used as part of an infection control strategy.

Background: The emissary foramina are the small foramina that transmit the valveless emissary veins connecting the extracranial veins with the intracranial veins. Occipital emissary foramina usually transmit the occipital emissary vein; this vein connects the suboccipital venous plexus with the occipital sinus. There are variations in the number and location of these foramina which deserves special importance during surgical procedures. Objectives: To evaluate the number and location of the occipital emissary foramen in dry adult skulls. Materials And Methods: The study was performed on 150 adult dry human skulls of unknown sex available at the department of Anatomy, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences. The occipital bones were observed with the magnifying lens for the presence, number, and location of occipital emissary foramina. The skulls with broken occipital bone were excluded from the study. The presence of foramen was confirmed by passing the probe through it. Results: The occipital emissary foramen was present in 45/150 (30%) skulls. In 2 skulls the foramen was located on the external occipital protuberance. In 2 it was located on the right side of the external occipital protuberance. In 4 it was located on the left side of the external occipital protuberance, in 8 it was bilateral and in 6 it was on the external occipital crest. Rest 23 solitary foramina were near the foramen magnum. Conclusion: The dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa is tightly adherent to the periosteum of the skull and cannot be stripped easily. Due to this reason, there might be a chance of massive intermittent bleeding from the bone or from the dura or from the dural sinus during the surgical procedures of the posterior cranial fossa which has to be taken care of. The knowledge of the presence, number, and location of occipital emissary foramina becomes very essential to avoid unexpected massive intracranial bleeding during neurosurgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the problems experienced in political science and public administration education and suggestions for its solution in line with the views of undergraduate students of the faculty of economics and administrative sciences' department of political science and public administration in Aksaray University. The research was conducted descriptively according to qualitative research method, case science and single case pattern. From the non-probability sampling types, the purposeful sampling method was used. Thirteen students determined from the fourth-year students of the department of political science and public administration of the faculty of economics and administrative sciences formed the participant group. Observation and interview and document review were used as data collection tools. Data were collected with semi-structured interview questions. The data obtained in the research were coded in the Maxqda 2022 program, categories based on codes and themes based on categories were reached. According to the participants, there are problems arising from their own learning in the department; from the education plan and program; from the course content and presentation; from the course supervisor and exams, and from employment after graduation, and there are some suggestions for solving these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research seminars are a staple within biology and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments across academic institutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, academic institutions across the U.S. had to rapidly transition courses, research programs, and other events from in-person to virtual environments—and departmental research seminars were no exception. We explored the perceptions of biology department seminar speakers and organizers regarding the benefits and challenges they experienced in the virtual format. We asked three primary research questions: (1) What challenges and benefits do invited seminar speakers in biology departments perceive regarding presenting seminars in the virtual environment? (2) What challenges and benefits do organizers of biology department seminars perceive regarding organizing seminars in the virtual environment? (3) How did biology department seminars change during the transition from an in-person to virtual format? In total, 39 seminar organizers and 90 seminar speakers completed surveys focused on their perceptions of virtual seminars. Using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, we found that numerous benefits and challenges are perceived by seminar speakers and organizers regarding virtual seminars. Speakers and organizers perceived similar benefits of virtual seminars including accessibility and diversity, while perceived challenges included the loss of professional networking opportunities and academic community. There was overwhelming consensus from speakers and organizers alike that virtual departmental seminars are professionally and academically valuable. However, while speakers’ chief motivator was in furthering their own networks, research collaborations, and research visibility, organizers primarily valued their own students’ or trainees’ career development as well as their own departmental community. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential benefits of continuing virtual seminars outside of the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from an equity perspective while also highlighting issues that must be addressed by organizers and attendees to ensure seminars retain their value.

Objective: Today, the websites of the departments in universities serve as a showcase for potential students. Studies examining the web pages of universities, faculties and departments have increased especially in recent years. In our study, the contents of the websites of anatomy departments (AAD) in medical faculties in Turkey were examined. We aimed to create a guide for AAD and other departments in medical faculties who want to prepare a website or reorganize their existing websites. Methods: The websites of 90 anatomy departments were included. Results: While three of the four sites had a website belonging to the AAD one was only a website of either the basic medical sciences or the academic staff of the medical faculty. About half of the websites had a general introduction and 11 websites (12%) had information on body donation, the readabilities of which were of medium difficulty. Four out of 10 sites had links to the pages related to the list of faculty members and their academic information. Approximately one in three websites had various tabs. 67.7% of websites had links to the pages with academic information of faculty members. There was no photo of the lecturer in one out of three websites. Conclusion: Faculty members' e-mail addresses were available on most websites. Texts on body donation should be designed with an easier readability. As a result, we hope that our study will give an idea for AAD that do not have a website yet or want to improve their website.

Objective: Renal infarction (RI), which is caused by sudden cessation of renal blood flow, is a rare disease. In this study, we planned to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with renal infarction in the emergency department. Material and Methods: Patients over the age of 18 who presented to the emergency department with abdominal/flank pain, nausea, and vomiting between 2010 and 2021 and were diagnosed with acute renal infarction in contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography were included in the study. The data of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as laboratory results of the patients, were recorded. Results: A total of 38 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 61.8±18 years and 63.2% (n=24) were male. The most common complaints of the patients were abdominal pain (84.2%), flank pain (68.4%), and nausea-vomiting (50%). More rarely, patients complained about chest pain, dyspnea, and fever. Acute renal failure developed in 4 patients (10.5%). While only three (7.9%) of the patients had no known disease, the others had comorbidities such as hypertension (31.6%), ischemic heart disease (31.6%), previous thromboembolic events (31.6%), diabetes (26.3%), cancer (23.7%), heart failure (21.1%), and atrial fibrillation (18.4%). The most common cause of RI was cardioembolic events (44.7%), followed by hypercoagulability (28.9%), renal artery damage (15.8%), and idiopathic causes (10.5%). Conclusion: Acute RI is a disease that is rarely detected in the emergency department. Because there is a lack of specific clinical findings, it is often overlooked or diagnosed late. Delay in diagnosis can significantly cause morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of acute RI should be considered especially in patients with a high risk of thromboembolism and who present to the emergency department with complaints of unexplained abdominal or flank pain.

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the management activities of Empress Catherine II during the reign from 1762 to 1796.Objective: to analyze the organizational activities of Catherine the Great, aimed at reforming the entire system of state and local government of Russia.Conclusion: experience, an active life position and the results of the state building of Catherine II indicate that women can be not only guardians of the family hearth, but also successful leaders, as evidenced by the numerous positive assessments given to her by well-known and respected Russian historians and foreign statesmen.

In the paper it is proposed the methodological toolkit for a strategic plan development of research divisions that is illustrated by the example of the Department of the Ukrainian Research Institute. The result of using the methodology is the development of a roadmap for further development of the research divisions that has determined strategic directions and concrete indicators for monitoring achievement of goals. It is used PESTEL-analysis, Porter's Six Forces of Competitive Position Analysis, ranking method, SWOT-analysis. In the paper it is proposed Internationalization -Application Matrix for research activity analysis and for Department's strategic scenarios development. The main finding of the article is that using the proposed methodology we have revealed the strongest aspects of the Department's activity that are national and international theoretical research, and also national applied research in the field of seaside regions' sustainable development. The further strategy scenario should be aimed at the strengthening of international applied research through such activities as membership in international organizations and editorial boards, publications in media abroad, foreign internships, international grant project implementation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Era of globalization, sea transportation gave rise to crewing companies to look for ship crew resources to perform crew replacements order to get quality crews to work on ships. To expedite these activities, the company has taken every step to ensure replacement crew activities run well and optimally. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods, with data collection using questionnaires, observations, literature studies, and documentation so the data can be processed using quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed the cause of declining crewing department performance was due the non-optimal replacement of ship's crew, and how to deal with it was evaluated for each implementation. Crew changes must be made according to the position and experience of the crew itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social integration (SI) plays a critical role in doctoral students’ success. However, SI experiences could differ depending on the characteristics of students and their programmes. The study investigates differences in the SI of doctoral students at Russian universities and identifies the main groups at risk who have more difficulties with SI. To achieve this, the study utilized data from a cross-institutional online survey of doctoral students conducted in 2021 on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education. A total of 4,454 doctoral students from 249 universities responded to the survey. Findings from the study indicate international students were less socially integrated in terms of having more friends and having problems interacting with others, either in person or remotely. Generally, no clear and significant difference was observed between their experiences and all aspects of social integration analysed in the study. Secondly, international doctoral students (IDS) are divided into groups (groups with low SI scores and groups with high SI scores) and compared them in terms of their subjective assessment of their chances for defence during the normative period of their studies and their overall satisfaction with the doctoral programme. The results for both variables revealed significant differences between IDS and varying degrees of SI. Significantly, the IDS group with a higher SI score reported high chances of defending their dissertation within the normative period of five years. The study concludes by suggesting that that activities that foster informal communication should be implemented and standardized within all departments in Russian universities to properly absorb all doctoral students into the social and academic cultures of their universities.

Latifah, 2020, Overview of the Sense of Belonging of Students in the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Faculty of Ushuluddin Adab and Da'wah at IAIN Langsa. Based on the researchers' assumption, there is a diversity in the level of the sense of belonging that BKI Study Program students have. This is because there are differences in their reasons for participating in activities that support study programs, maintaining the facilities provided and so on. The objective of this research has to describe the sense of belonging of the students of the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program, the Faculty of Ushuluddin Adab and Da'wah IAIN Langsa. Researcher used a descriptive quantitative research method approach which was carried out to BKI Study Program students as many as 63 people with a measurement scale technique using a scale constructed from belongingsess theory by Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary. The results showed that BKI Study Program students have diversity in the sense of belonging. But overall, the average score obtained is 68.21, it shows that BKI Study Program students have a high level of sense of belonging.

The article examines the organizational staffing and financing of the Department of Military Settlements from 1835 to 1857 in a specific historical study. Research methods. An important aspect of the methodological basis is the use of general scientific methods as historical method and elements of the statistical method (coverage of staffing and funding of the Department of Military Settlements of the considered period); and special-historical method as problem-chronological (consideration of the dynamics of events in chronological order analysing the formation of the Department of Military Settlements and its development). The scientific novelty of the work is that the article, for the first time and on the basis of legislative acts comprehensively examines the historical experience of the Department of Military Settlements of the Ministry of War which was one of the important administrative structures during 1835-1857 in the Russian Empire. It has been found that the organization of the Department of Military Settlements was divided into two periods: 1) 1835–1843 and 2) 1843–1857. Conclusions. The establishment of the Department of Military Settlements of the Cavalry during the reign of Emperors Mykola I and Alexander II in the structure of the Ministry of War was a natural requirement of the time, due to the need of increasing efficiency and mobility of management of the cavalry military settlements. The analysis of the organizational structure of the staff list of the Department of Military Settlements shows that since 1843 the powers and responsibilities of the staff have been expanded, management structures have been modernized, and funding has been increased. The activities of the Department of Military Settlements had a systemic and structural structure of all management levels; the division of functions and responsibilities was clearly regulated by law.

ObjectivesAfter the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged, there has been a substantial decline in emergency department (ED) visits. However, the impact of the pandemic on pediatric ED (PED) visits has not been well discussed. This study aimed to compare the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PED visits before and after the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsData of pediatric patients admitted to the PED between February 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into two groups: 1 year before the COVID-19 pandemic (group 1) and 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak (group 2). Basic demographics, clinical characteristics, triage levels, categories of diagnosis at PED, disposition, and hospitalization rates (wards and intensive care units) were further analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsDuring the study period, 48,146 pediatric patients were enrolled (30,823 in group 1, and 17,323 in group 2). PED visits represented a 43.8% annual decline. The most common diseases in the PED in group 1 were infectious diseases, whereas digestive system diseases were the most common diseases in group 2 (both P < 0.001). In group 2, shorter PED observational time, longer hospital stay, and higher admission rates were noted compared to those in group 1 (all P < 0.001).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of respiratory system diseases and infectious diseases sharply decreased in the PED, whereas the proportion of digestive system diseases relatively increased. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the nature of PED visits and we should pay more attention on digestive system diseases and the rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and overall mortality.

Resumen: En una mayoría de países, la educación médica es una especialidad médica más y preside la vida académica en el grado, el posgrado y en la formación continuada. Pero la situación en España es muy mejorable. Aunque existe un creciente interés en la educación médica como disciplina o especialidad, la mayor parte de las facultades de Medicina españolas no disponen de una unidad o departamento de educación médica que se encargue del avance de la disciplina. Algunas facultades han dispuesto una unidad, cátedra, departamento o centro de estudios, adscrita o independiente a la dirección del centro, a veces sin relación orgánica alguna con el proceso de formación. En este artículo describiremos por qué creemos que estas estructuras son necesarias, su utilidad, así como sus funciones y el alcance de sus actividades. Analizaremos la situación actual en España con el ánimo de promocionar la creación de estas estructuras en todas las facultades de Medicina. Igualmente, repasaremos los mecanismos de los que se ha dotado a la formación especializada en el posgrado para dar respuestas a sus necesidades de formación. Abstract: In a majority of countries, medical education is one more medical specialty and presides over academic life in undergraduate, graduate and continuing education. But, the situation in Spain is very improvable. Although there is a growing interest in medical education as a discipline or specialty, most of the Spanish faculties of Medicine do not have a unit or department of medical education, which is in charge of advancing the discipline. Some faculties have arranged a unit, chair, department or study center, attached or independent to the management of the center, sometimes without any organic relationship to the training process. In this article we will describe why we believe these structures are necessary, their usefulness, as well as their functions and the scope of their activities. We will analyze the current situation in Spain with the aim of promoting the creation of these structures in all the faculties of Medicine. We will also review the mechanisms that specialized postgraduate training has been equipped to provide answers to their training needs.

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gasses. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. Acute exacerbation in COPD (AECOPD) is frequent in the course of the illness and is the most common reason for medical visits, hospital admissions, and mortality among these patients. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To assess the exposure and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD with COPD Assessment Test (CAT Scale) and mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea scale. Study design was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Study site was conducted at Pulmonology Department of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. Results The total patients were 197. Out of which, 119 were from In-patient Department (IPD) and 78 were from Out-patient Department (OPD). In this study, males were 167 (85%), among which, IPD were 97 (49%), OPD were 70 (36%), and females were 30 (15%), among which, IPD were 22 (11%), OPD were 8 (4%). Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of COPD have been increased in recent years. This study concludes that there is a relation between risk of acute exacerbations in COPD with habitual history and occupational history. Increase in exposure to occupational hazards, smoking habit leads to an increase in risk of acute exacerbations in COPD patients. The level of severity was more in smokers and the patients who had biomass, organic dust, and mineral exposure. When severity was observed, group D severity is more observed in population according to CAT scale and mMRC dyspnea scale.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present results of an exploratory study conducted on entrepreneurial intent among graduating class students of higher education institutions in Kafa, Sheka, and Bench-Maji Zones, Southern Nation Nationalities Peoples’ Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. The research design of the study was a cross-sectional survey design where relevant data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of 347 University and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) College graduating class students. The data were analyzed using both descriptive statistics (bar graph and pie chart) and inferential statistics (chi-square goodness-of-fit test, independent samples t test, and one-way between-group analysis of variance). The study found out that among prospective graduates of higher education institutions in the study area, only 45.4–50.6% had low, 24–33.7% had moderate, and 18–25% had a high level of entrepreneurial intent. The study also showed that the level of higher education, prior experience of self-employment, and the chance of taking extracurricular entrepreneurship courses were the three demographic and other distal variables that explained the difference in entrepreneurial intent among the study population. The study, however, showed gender, the chance of taking entrepreneurship courses as part of curriculum, college, department, parent’s occupation, and level of education had no statistically significant association with entrepreneurial intent of the study population. The study is expected to hold relevant inputs to politicians and national policy-makers, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, entrepreneurial intent researchers, and model developers.

Yoshinori Tokushima,1,* Masaki Tago,1,* Midori Tokushima,1 Naoko E Katsuki,1 Shinji Iwane,2 Yuichiro Eguchi,3 Shu-ichi Yamashita1 1Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan; 2Fujioka Hospital, Saga, Japan; 3Eguchi Hospital, Saga, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Masaki TagoDepartment of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, JapanTel +81 952 34 3238Fax +81 952 34 2029Email tagomas@cc.saga-u.ac.jpObjective: To investigate effects of an altered medical environment between 2010 and 2015 on viral hepatitis treatment behaviors of doctors who were not hepatology specialists.Methods: Charts of patients who were identified as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag)-positive or hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab)-positive by university hospital departments not specializing in hepatology from January to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were assigned to a “referred” group or a “non-referred” group based on whether they were subsequently referred to the Hepatology Department. Age, sex, type of department visited (one of various internal medicine departments, or a different department), and blood test results were compared in the two groups.Results: Among 7,824 patients screened for HBs-Ag, 82 were positive. Twenty-nine (35.4%) had subsequently been referred to the Hepatology Department, which was higher than the 2010 referral rate (20.6%). In multivariate analysis, patients in the referred group were significantly more likely to have visited one of various internal medicine departments, and they had higher levels of platelet count and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Among 7,778 patients screened for HCV-Ab, 279 were positive. Only 33 (11.8%) had subsequently been referred to the Hepatology Department, which was lower than the 2010 referral rate (18.7%). In multivariate analysis, patients in the referred group were significantly more likely to have visited an internal medicine department.Conclusion: HCV-antibody-positive patients screened by departments not specializing in hepatology were not managed adequately in 2015. This suggests a need for education of doctors not specializing in hepatology, particularly those not working in internal medicine departments.Keywords: hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, referral, department

The article defines and characterizes the pedagogical conditions for the future fine arts teachers' professionalism formation in cultural and educational space of the department. These conditions are the following: compliance of lecturers' basic education with department profile; organization lecturers' artistic and creative activity and the process of motivating students to perform the above-mentioned activity; lecturers' scientific activity and involvement of students in research and innovation activities. It is proved that teaching, scientific and artistic activity of the lecturers of the Department of Fine Arts of Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University is the basis of the department cultural and educational space. It is carried out at the level of modern higher education and allows carrying out professional training of specialists in the educational-professional program 'Secondary Education (Fine Arts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese mainland launched the 60-day first-level response to major public health emergencies during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to determine the incidence and describe the characteristics and predictors of patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with facial trauma during this period. A retrospective review was conducted on the basis of data on facial trauma presented at the ED of XXX Hospital from 24 January 2020 to 23 March 2020 and the same period in the previous two years. Multivariate linear regression model was employed to explore potential determinants associated with daily number of facial trauma. Significant reduction was observed in the amount of facial trauma during the COVID-19 level I emergency response. The trauma volume evenly distributed over the week. The declined most significantly by age group, 20-29 years, and by time range of visit, 00:00-08:00. Multivariate regression analyses revealed positive relationship between daily minimum temperature and facial trauma volume. The number of facial injuries decreased significantly during the COVID-19 Level 1 emergency response, with the least reduction in total daytime facial trauma and in infant and child facial trauma. And a higher minimum temperature may lead to increased number of facial trauma presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having a vision and sharing with other, is what leading means. Only when a leader is able to inspire others, it is possible to share a common goal towards which to direct the efforts and dedication of the entire team. According to an article written in Harvard Business Review, by Hubert Joly (May 8,2020), he states How companies and leaders approach the three phases of this crisis and treat all their stakeholders, starting with their employees and their human needs are the things and moments that matter for their employees, contributing to the level of attachment/commitment the employees will have to the company in the future and to the ability of the company to excel coming out of the crisis. Some researchers are trying to conduct research on post-pandemic leadership and the impact on business performance but there is a need to identify the current strategies and plans used by leaders to mobilize and facilitate the work post pandemic, in order to have a new normal at workplace, keeping in mind the individual and the organization as a whole. The paper explores the current strategies and procedures implemented by the leadership post pandemic in their organization. The planning, preparation and implementation done by the organizations to overcome the pandemic situation and adapt new ways of working and analyzing the effectiveness of the techniques used. The procedures designed by the leaders to operate smoothly in the new normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Medical specialty training provides the physician with sufficient knowledge, skills, attitudes, and certain qualifications in the chosen field of medicine. In medical training, communication, social opportunities, appropriate goals, programs, and learning environments are crucial. This paper aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate the compliance of this training with the standards. Method: In this methodologic research, a draft scale consisting of 49 items was created in line with the literature, to evaluate the training both in the department and institution. Results: The study involved 497 residents from family medicine residency programs across Turkey. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the Scale for Department Evaluation of Medical Specialty Training had four factors whereas the Scale for Institution Evaluation of Medical Specialty Training had three factors. The factorial structures of both scales were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha values were 0.941 and 0.928, respectively. Moreover, both scales have high total variance explained. Conclusions: The Department Evaluation Scale for Medical Specialty Training consisting of 25 items and four factors, and the Institution Evaluation Scale for Medical Specialty Training consisting of 20 items and three factors are valid and reliable tools to evaluate medical specialty training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Search and research provides the basic feed for academic knowledge across all academic departments. Research provides depth in the knowledge of a given area of exploration. One novel and interesting idea of an individual, or a team of experts, in the department and healthy, extended support from the institute can change and answer the stream of mysteries in their own field of expertise. Aim: We intend to analyze the research experience of every individual in the department of anatomy among themselves, with the department and the institute, for further improvement of research in anatomy. Methodology: 13 participants comprising 9 faculty members and 4 postgraduates were requested to answer the questionnaire composed of three sections, with questions under headings such as individual, department, and institute. Results and Conclusion: Finally, analyses were made on the responses obtained and recommendations were submitted before the department Head for necessary interventions in order to improve the research atmosphere and research outcomes in the department of anatomy.

The article devotes to the initial stage of I.S. Turgenev’s creativity path, when he intended to devote himself to philosophy. The first part of the historical and philosophical research covers the studentship stage of his life, Turgenev’s involvement to the University course of philosophy primarily in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg universities. Everything happened at Moscow University due to Professor M.G. Pavlov, Shelling’s philosophy follower, who was teaching physics in a philosophical format. He listened course of lectures on metaphysics at St.-Petersburg University, given by A. A. Fisher, who was one of the first who started to teach philosophy in accordance with Uvarov’s ideological triade “Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality”. The second part touches upon the period of education abroad. After he had finished the philological faculty of St.-Petersburg University in 1837, he became convinced that Russian universities could provide only preliminary education and real source of knowledge could be found only abroad; that is why he goes “to finish his education” in Berlin. There he studied ancient languages, history and Hegel’s philosophy under the guidance of Professor Werder. Turgenev also prepared different parts of Shelling’s teaching for publishing in Russian periodic, after famous philosopher had given lectures in University of Berlin. The last part of this article gives a picture of Turgenev attempts to receive masters’ degree and tries to take place at the Department of Philosophy. At the beginning of 1842, after presenting the diploma of candidate, granted by St.-Petersburg University, he asked Moscow University Council to give him a permission to receive the masters’ degree; his utter motive was to occupy the place at the Department of Philosophy, which was vacant for a long time. But he failed to do so in Moscow and moved to St.-Petersburg, where he tried to pass exams needed to get degree again. However, he failed again due to not giving the dissertation work; as the result, he didn’t receive masters’ degree and, furthermore, he dedicated himself entirely to literature. However, Turgenev saved his interest to philosophical problems, which he tried to solve in prose format.

Abstract Background Change leaders (faculty, administrators, and/or external stakeholders) need to develop relational expertise, recognizing the perspectives of others, to enable emergent, systemic change. We describe how change leaders of a grant-funded instructional change initiative developed relational expertise by analyzing faculty relationships and social subgroups to identify who was involved in discussions about teaching and learning and what specific topics were discussed. Results Faculty discussions focused on daily classroom needs. Faculty who were in different departments or schools were mostly disconnected from each other, and faculty within these units often had subdivisions among them. Conclusions Faculty lacked opportunities to discuss education, specifically, systems-level perspectives. The change leaders created organizational structures to catalyze communities, including an action research fellowship program, to support faculty in education discussions.

The purpose of the article is to assess the level of involvement of faculty, postgraduate students and students in research work of department and to suggest mechanisms for enhancing their participation in research on the basis of monitoring the activities of heads of departments. Methodical approaches. The object of the study were 350 heads of departments of 24 higher educational institutions in different regions of Russia. Subject of research – the level of involvement of faculty, postgraduate students and students in the research work of university departments. For monitoring, a special questionnaire was proposed to the department heads. Results. The results of the monitoring of the organization of research work in Russian universities have shown that over the past ten years, the research activities of faculty, postgraduate students and students have increased significantly. This is evidenced by the growing number of departments whose faculty regularly engage in research work. Their number currently stands at 79,1% (in 2003 there were only 67,9% of such departments). The interviewed heads of departments noted that the main forms of faculty research are: the publication of scientific articles (92,3%), the publication of monographs (72,3%), participation in research (70,0%), preparation of applications for participation in grants and program competitions (62,6%). However, among the negative aspects of the organization of research work at the departments, the fact should be noted that 45,6% of the surveyed department heads hardly find time for research work with students, and 3,6% do not conduct any research with students at all. The mechanisms of activating the involvement of faculty, postgraduate students and students in the effective research work of the department are proposed, such as: the organization of scientific seminars for faculty; postgraduate seminars (Schools of young scientists for postgraduate students, as well as for master’s and undergraduate students within the framework of student self-government structures); increased participation of faculty in grant competitions and in contracting with enterprises; increasing of faculty publication activity due to the preparation of monographs and scientific articles and participation in scientific conferences; intensification of students’ research work (scientific circles, participation in contests and conferences, publications). The use of the proposed mechanisms for managing the research work of the department will help to enhance the publication activity of faculty, encourage the development of extracurricular work with students; increase the number of grants won and research conducted.

The paper presents materials about the role of Professor Rudolf Buchheim in the origin and development of experimental pharmacology in our country. He was the first in the world who established Institute of experimental pharmacology at University of Dorpat in 1849 which for many years was the only one in the world and which became the basis for the creation of departments of pharmacology. As the main principles of scientific pharmacology he considered the use of objective classification of drugs, which he developed and which is still the basis for modern classifications, and as the second principle he proclaimed a detailed establishment of changes in the living organism, arising after the administration of drugs. As a man of talent and a great organizer, he made a significant contribution to the development of pharmacological science. Such receivers as Schmiedeberg, Boehm, Hans Horst Meyer, Kobert, as well as all scientists whose activities are associated with his name based on the scientific pedigree were guided by his scientific ideas. In 1918 University of Dorpat was moved to Voronezh, where Department of pharmacology was first headed by prof. D.M. Lavrov, and then later prof. Vorontsov, who are the bearers of the traditions of University of Dorpat, also arrived from Dorpat. Despite the economic hardships they, as well as apprentices prof. V.N. Vorontsov, V.I. Zavrazhnov, and later his student prof. Reznikov carefully preserved and multiplied the achievements of experimental pharmacology, successfully implementing the most important principles of this section of medicine, formulated by prof. Buchheim more than 100 years ago.

Both global history and the new imperial history identify an emerging convergence of spatial formats, practices, and knowledge for organizing societies during the nineteenth century, though each emphasizes different competitive formats: the territorializing nation-state and the enduring empire. Rather than contrasting empire and nation-state, this article takes their combination seriously through the example of the respatialization of the French Empire during the Revolution and the reorganization of domestic territory into departments. The history of departmentalization underscores the emerging and changing interrelationships between nation and empire. The territorialization of metropolitan France, which developed out of imperial and transregional exchanges, was emblematic of the new type of empire that became a prevailing model for societal organization in the nineteenth century: the nation-state with imperial extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The field of psychiatry extends from diagnosis to treatment, including prevention and various cognitive behavioral and emotional disorders. Objectives To study the activity of Mahdia’s psychiatric department in order to improve its outcomes. Methods This study was retrospective based on reporting data of the inpatients during 3 years (2016-2018) and then analyzing them. Results This study involved 395 patients with an average age 36.6 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.58. The prevalence of the disorders was more marked with the low socio-economic level, school failure and unemployment. 37% had a family psychiatry history and schizophrenia was the most common. 75.5% had a personal psychiatric history and 16.8% had a history of suicide attempt. Schizophrenia (28%), Bipolar Disorder (22.1%) and Depression (14.7%) were the main conditions. The majority 79.2% had irregular medical follow-up, 44% had poor therapeutic adherence. The majority 86.6% were hospitalized without consent. The most common reason was aggression and the average length of stay was 19.47 days. The mean duration of parenteral therapy was 4.38 days. Electro-convulsive therapy was indicated for only 16 patients. Typical antipsychotics were the most prescribed 37.4%. The exit treatment was monotherapy in 14.3% and polytherapy in 83.4%. The exit destination was home in 98% and the obligation follow-up was only indicated in 2.8% (11patients). Conclusions This study is at the heart of psychiatric news with many questions around these coercive practices at legal and ethical level, particularly respect for freedom, legitimacy of these measures, patients’ safety and the quality of the treatments.

Background: Given that abdominal aorta is a retroperitoneal structure, increased body mass index (BMI) may have an adverse effect upon the quality of aortic ultrasonographic imaging. Purpose To assess the hypothesis that increased BMI is associated with worsening point‐of‐care abdominal aortic ultrasonographic image quality. Methods: This is a retrospective single‐center study of point‐of‐care abdominal aortic ultrasound examinations performed in an academic emergency department (ED) with fellowship‐trained emergency ultrasonography faculty performing quality assurance review. Results: Mean ± SD BMI was 27.4 ± 6.2, among the 221 included records. The overall quality rating decreased as BMI increased (correlation coefficient − 0.24; P <.001) and this persisted after adjustment for age and sex (P <.001). Although BMI was higher on average in the records that were of insufficient quality for clinical decisions when compared with those of sufficient quality (mean BMI 28.7 vs 27.0), this did not reach statistical significance in a univariable setting (P =.11) or after adjusting for age and sex (P =.14). Conclusion: This study data shows a decrease in point‐of‐care abdominal aorta ultrasound imaging quality as BMI increases, though this difference did not result in a statistically significant impairment in achieving the minimum quality for clinical decisions. This finding may help ameliorate some clinician concerns about ultrasonography for patients with high BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research were (i) testing the factor and model structure of the life-skills scale (LSS) on teacher candidates and (ii) inspecting the life skills of teacher candidates according to their departments and grade levels. The participants consisted of 518 teacher candidates, all of whom were students in their sophomore or senior years in the education faculty of a state university. The data were collected through the LSS, which has 83 items. The confirmatory factor analysis of LSS verified the ten-factor structure for the teacher candidates (aged between 18 and 25). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean value of teacher candidates' life skills according to the grade variable. On the contrary, there were statistically significant differences in the dependent variables according to the department. Future directions of research regarding the educational outcomes of life skills were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applied adescriptive design from a mixed method approach that incorporated both quantitative and qualitative data management. The study covered a population of 774; 636 from GHACEM and 138 from Nestle Ghana Ltd. The research applied a number of sampling frames including purposive to pre-select GHACEM and Nestle Ghana Ltd., and cluster to categorize respondents into engineering and non-engineering. The findings were analysed through descriptive statistics, and correlation and significance. The study concluded that energy management practices at GHACEM Ltd and Nestle Ghana Ltd depicted clear manifestation of the relevance of key energy management policies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality indicators in healthcare refer to measurable and quantifiable parameters used to assess and monitor the performance, effectiveness, and safety of healthcare services. These indicators provide a systematic way to evaluate the quality of care offered, and thereby to identify areas for improvement and to ensure that patient care meets established standards and best practices. Respiratory therapists play a vital role in areas of clinical administration such as infection control practices and quality improvement initiatives. Quality indicators serve as essential metrics for respiratory therapy departments to assess and enhance the overall quality of care. By systematically tracking and analyzing indicators related to infection control, treatment effectiveness, and adherence to protocols, respiratory care practitioners can identify areas to improve and implement evidence-based changes. This article reviewed how to identify, implement, and monitor quality indicators specific to the respiratory therapy departments to set benchmarks and enhance patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The article aims at highlighting the uniqueness of thinking and academic activity of Donatas Sauka, who for many years was a professor at the Department of Lithuanian Literature of Vilnius University. The article reveals his scholarly ambitions – broad interests, good knowledge of classic Western literature, and an attempt to keep the achievements of natural sciences on the horizon of humanities. However, he harboured artistic and poetic inclinations in his nature; he has translated a number of classical texts required for his research. The philological interests of the professor were permeated by self-reflection. Comparative literature science was his field of research – even though his other interests also competed for his attention, he analysed methodological issues, different scopes of national literatures and paradoxes of literary analysis. He also raised an essential question for comparison – from what and how are clusters of literary identity formed; how they are related to the mental history and language of a nation; how creative incentives are formed and how they operate.

The article traces the scientific and creative path during the thirty-year period of existence (1990 – 2020) of one of the leading divisions of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University – the Department of History of Ukraine. With the establishment of an Austrian university in Chernivtsi in 1875 at the Faculty of Philosophy was taught such a discipline as history, mainly the history of Austria, Western European history, while mentioning Ukraine and Ukrainians. Only when the work of Chernivtsi University resumed in the autumn of 1944 it was allowed to create temporarily a Department of history of the UkrSSR, but in 1949 it was united with the Department of history of the USSR. During Khrushchev’s «thaw» at the request of the leadership of the faculty, and of the university, the Department of History of the USSR was renamed into the Department of the USSR and the UkrSSR. This contributed somewhat to the educational and especially to the scientific work of the department: almost all scientists of this department switched to topics in the history of Ukraine. The Department of History of Ukraine at the then Faculty of History of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi State (nowadays National) University began operating since 1990/91 academic year under the guidance of Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, since 1996 - Doctor of Historical Sciences, since 1998 - Professor Vasyl Botushanskyi (to 2005). In 2005 - 2015 the department was headed by Professor Оleksandr Dobrzhanskyi, since 2016 to the present - V. Botushanskyi. Since 1997 to 2018, the department published an annual professional collection of scientific works «Questions of the History of Ukraine» which contained 884 publications. The department was involved in an important matter - the training of young historians, discussing several dissertations each year to recommend them for defence, while giving valuable advice from both supervisors and reviewers. Created at the turn of two social epochs, of two systems, the Department of History of Ukraine of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University has gone a long way in 30 years. People and staff moved it forward. In just 30 years, the department has had 35 teachers, 16 of whom are still working, as well as 10 laboratory assistants, two of whom are currently working.

The increased emphasis on examining the educational competencies necessary for teachers of students with disabilities and teachers in public education where the building of this educational movement called «education movement based on the competencies related to personal characteristics, and educational methods used by good teachers. so study aimed to prepare a list of faculty for Instruction students of teachers in special education, as well as to obtain the views of the members of the faculty of the Department of Special Education, King Saud University to assess the extent to which students of teachers for such competencies. The aim of this study is to shape the development of student teacher preparation in special education. The study showed that There is great interest in the trend towards teaching students on the competencies of teachers, where faculty members agreed on the importance of educational competencies for the student teacher in the field of special education in general are important.