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Aim: Herein, the oxidation of chemical compounds as sound signals, prepared either by chemical, physical, mechanical, biological methods were reported. Objectives: To fabricate the synthesized material for example, nanoparticle, ceramic, electro catalyst as electrode, by mixing the synthesized material with a suitable binder or they may be mixed with a solvent to function as an electrolyte. In this case, 40 % formalin as electrolyte, platinum and calomel electrode as positive and negative electrodes respectively have been used to formulate an electrochemical cell. Methodology: This cell is connected with the sound card to process the sound signals and analyzed using Sig view software. The sound signals after noise deduction were further processed using MATLAB to get information about the signals. Results: For example, Frequency, Amplitude, etc. of those cells can be obtained. The FFT spectrum obtained by this method correlates well with the FTIR spectrum of formalin. Any Conductive chemical oxidation could be processed in this way and their chemical information could be digitized and saved in cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing an embedded system is crucial for exploring various fields of study, such as ground wave propagation, which interests earth and civil engineering scientists/students. The constructed system includes a data acquisition (DAQ) module and vibration sensors, which can be employed to study wave propagation. It is particularly beneficial for students lacking access to necessary instruments. The sensors utilized are MEMS accelerometers. Developed using LabVIEW programming software, a graphical interface controls the DAQ and visualizes the wave signals. The primary parameter of the DAQ is the sampling frequency, which is adjustable by the user from 1 kHz to 25 kHz. Consequently, when testing with distances ranging from 1 to 10 m between the sensor and the source, a sampling rate exceeding 10 kHz represents ground acceleration reliably. Another aspect addressed in subsequent studies using this system involves analyzing the results to characterize ground wave attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various applications require multi-channel high-voltage sources for their control, e.g. electrostatic adhesion, electrophoresis and artificial muscles such as piezoelectric, hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic(HASEL) and dielectric elastomer actuators(DEAs). Further, the ability to simultaneously monitor the state of the actuators either with images, or voltage and current sensing is crucial to characterise their behaviour. In this work, we present the design of a versatile characterisation setup, capable of generating eight HV (15 kV) arbitrary waveforms(rise time of 8 ms and fall time of 80 ms for 60 MΩ load), while synchronously monitoring voltage and current, and record high-speed (120 fps) video. The setup ensures modularity and customisability by consisting of three independent modules: (1) The imaging module includes a Raspberry Pi and a Pi Camera; (2) A 3.3 V analogue interface 16-bit resolution data acquisition module on a PCB that accommodates a microcontroller board, two 8-channel analogue-to-digital converters, and an 8-channel digital-to-analogue converter; (3) Up to 8 DC-to-HVDC converter boards powered by 12 V DC, with 3.3 V analogue interface.

Background: Studying the dietary antioxidant quality (DAQ) score as a modifiable factor to lessen the negative effects of obesity on health is vital due to the rising global trend of obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how adult obesity and meal-based DAQ scores correlate. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 850 men and women in Tehran was conducted. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were used to evaluate dietary consumption. Based on the design of DAQs, the meal-based DAQ score was evaluated. Higher scores indicate better DAQ. The overall DAQ score varied from 0 to 5. To investigate the relationship between DAQs and obesity in each meal, logistic regression analysis was utilized. Results: There was no correlation between a higher breakfast DAQ score and being overweight or obese (for overweight: OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.38–1.24/for obesity: OR = 0.65; CI 95%: 0.31–1.37). In the basic model, a higher lunch DAQ score was inversely related to probabilities of being overweight (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39–0.99) Such a connection remained significant after relevant confounders were considered (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27-0.84). In both the raw and fully adjusted models, there was no discernible correlation between the meal DAQ score and overweight or obesity. Conclusion: We discovered that a higher DAQ score for lunch was substantially associated with a lower risk of being overweight but not obese. To verify our findings, additional prospective research in various populations is required.

New detectors in photon science experiments produce rapidly-growing volumes of data. For detector developers, this poses two challenges; firstly, raw data streams from detectors must be converted to meaningful images at ever-higher rates, and secondly, there is an increasing need for data reduction relatively early in the data processing chain. An overview of data correction and reduction is presented, with an emphasis on how different data reduction methods apply to different experiments in photon science. These methods can be implemented in different hardware (e.g., CPU, GPU or FPGA) and in different stages of a detector's data acquisition chain; the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon dioxide emissions that lead to climate change, together with the increase in the price of electricity and fossil fuels, make it necessary to reduce energy consumption and increase the use of renewable energy in buildings, in addition to the field of mobility. An efficient solution for preparing domestic hot water and heating homes is represented by heat pumps. The development of new models of heat pumps that include new technical and technological solutions for heat exchangers, compressors, motors, inverters and controllers, requires the evaluation of the coefficient of performance (COP). This article presents a data acquisition system for testing a heat pump made with a low--cost programmable logic controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triggerless data acquisition systems (DAQs) require that the data stream is transmitted from multiple links and into the processing node. The short input data words must be concentrated and packed into the longer bit vectors the output interface (e.g., PCI Express) uses. In that process, the unneeded data must be eliminated, and a dense stream of useful DAQ data must be created. Additionally, the time order of the data should be preserved. This paper presents a new solution using the Baseline Network with Reversed Outputs (BNRO) for high-speed data routing. A thorough analysis of the network's operation enabled increased scalability compared to the previously published concentrator based on an 8 × 8 network. The solution may be scaled by adding additional layers to the BNRO network while minimizing resource consumption. Simulations were performed for four and five layers (16 and 32 inputs). The FPGA implementation and tests in the actual hardware were successfully performed for 16 inputs. The pipeline registers may be added in each layer independently, shortening the critical path and increasing the maximum acceptable clock frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam position measurement system can not only provide the beam position monitoring, but also be used for global orbit correction to reduce beam loss risk and maximize acceptance. The Beam Position Monitors (BPM) are installed along the synchrotron to acquire beam position with the front-end electronics and data acquisition system (DAQ). To realize high precision orbit measurement in the main heavy ion synchrotron and cooling storage ring of heavy-ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSRm), a series of alignment and calibration work has been implemented on the BPM and its DAQ system. This paper analyzed the tests performed in the laboratory as well as with beam based on the developed algorithms and hardware. Several filtering algorithms were designed and implemented on the acquired BPM raw data, then the beam position and resolution were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the position precision was significantly improved from more than 100 μm to about 50 μm by implementing the new designed filtering algorithm. According to the analyzation of the measurement results and upcoming physical requirements, further upgrade scheme for the BPM DAQ system of CSRm based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology was proposed and discussed.

Malaria is among the tropical diseases that cause the most deaths in Africa. Around 500,000 malaria deaths are reported yearly among African children under the age of five. Chloroquine (CQ) is a low-cost antimalarial used worldwide for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Due to resistance mechanisms, CQ is no longer effective against most malaria cases caused by P. falciparum. The World Health Organization recommends artemisinin combination therapies for P. falciparum malaria, but resistance is emerging in Southeast Asia and some parts of Africa. Therefore, new medicines for treating malaria are urgently needed. Previously, our group identified the 4-aminoquinoline DAQ, a CQ analog containing an acetylenic bond in its side chain, which overcomes CQ resistance in K1 P. falciparum strains. In this work, the antiplasmodial profile, drug-like properties, and pharmacokinetics of DAQ were further investigated. DAQ showed no cross-resistance against standard CQ-resistant strains (e.g., Dd2, IPC 4912, RF12) nor against P. falciparum and P. vivax isolates from patients in the Brazilian Amazon. Using drug pressure assays, DAQ showed a low propensity to generate resistance. DAQ showed considerable solubility but low metabolic stability. The main metabolite was identified as a mono N-deethylated derivative (DAQM), which also showed significant inhibitory activity against CQ-resistant P. falciparum strains. Our findings indicated that the presence of a triple bond in CQ-analogues may represent a low-cost opportunity to overcome known mechanisms of resistance in the malaria parasite.

The Nuclear Data Production System (NDPS) at RAON has been built to produce nuclear data generated by the reactions induced by neutrons of tens of MeV. For the neutron Time-Of-Flight (TOF) measurement, neutron monitoring detectors based on a gas-filled Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (PPAC) and a MICRO-MEsh-GASeous (MICROMEGAS) detector have been developed by the Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) and Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU). These detectors have a neutron converter with a thin 232Th layer, which produces fission products due to fast neutrons. The PPAC achieved a 1 ns FWHM time resolution in a test with an 241Am α source and also showed good performance when tested with fast neutrons generated by a 45 MeV proton beam through the 9Be(p, n)9B reaction. Additionally, EJ-301, liquid scintillation detectors are assembled for the measurement of neutron flux with pulse shape discrimination capability. Slow charge signals as well as fast timing signals from the detectors will be processed for particle identification by a data acquisition (DAQ) system, located at a separate control room through 30 m long cables. Development of the detection system and the test results will be reported together with the on-site assembly status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of data from multiple links to a single output is an essential task performed by High-Energy Physics (HEP) Data Acquisition Systems (DAQs). At high and varying data rates combined with the large width of the concentrator's output interface, this task is non-trivial. A high-speed dense packing of data from possibly non-continuous streams with preserving their time order requires complex and real-time adjustable routing. This paper presents a concentrator based on the Beneš network, which provides efficient concentration without using a high-frequency clock internally. It warrants that empty data are eliminated and does not disturb the data time-ordering if the data rates significantly differ between inputs. The concentrator uses simple data-routing primitives resulting in low resource consumption. If necessary, the pipeline registers may be added after each routing stage, shortening the critical path and increasing the maximum acceptable clock frequency. These features render the design well-suited to FPGA implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, real-time speech signals with a sampling rate of 1 kHz are continuously acquired with the help of a 3.5mm microphone and an external data acquisition board - DAQ. An uniform white Gaussian noise signal with a noise level of 5dB was added to the background noise, and this portion was processed using short time Fourier transformations with a frequency bin of 512 and time-frequency sampling information component of one for hanning window to get separate frames. Then it passes through the Chebyshev filter, where the filter behaviour varies, depending on which window in the filter section we prefer. Finally, the filtered output is fed into the discrete wavelet transformations for Daubechies additional 2D picture analysis. This similarity check determines how similar the multi is resolved. The proposed model is tested for various noise levels of uniform white Gaussian noise type in LabVIEW 2019 version along with DAQ board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nab experiment will measure the electron–neutrino correlation and Fierz interference term in free neutron beta decay to test the Standard Model and probe Beyond the Standard Model physics. Using National Instrument's PXIe-5171 Reconfigurable Oscilloscope module, we have developed a data acquisition system that is not only capable of meeting Nab's specifications, but flexible enough to be adapted in situ as the experimental environment dictates. The L1 and L2 trigger logic can be reconfigured to optimize the system for coincidence event detection at runtime through configuration files and LabVIEW controls. This system is capable of identifying L1 triggers at a rate of at least 1 MHz, while reading out a peak signal rate of approximately 2 GB/s. During the commissioning phase of the experiment, the system ran at a sustained readout rate of 400 MB/s of detector signal data originating from roughly 6 kHz L2 triggers, well within the peak performance of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FSUDAQ is a versatile, multi-threaded, lightweight, and open-source data acquisition software with a graphical user interface, designed to fully utilize the capabilities of first-generation CAEN x725, x730, and x740 series digitizers equipped with various Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) firmware, including Pulse-Height Analysis (PHA), Pulse-Shape Discrimination (PSD), and Charge-Digital Conversion (QDC). It emphasizes user-friendliness, stability, scalability, high throughput, and low latency. The software includes features such as an online waveform scope, scalar panel, and real-time single spectrum display for each input channel, along with an online event builder and analyzer capable of generating 1D and 2D histograms and applying graphical cuts. Users can also create and integrate custom online analyzers to meet specific experimental requirements. FSUDAQ has been successfully tested at the John D. Fox laboratory at Florida State University (FSU) with a diverse set of experiments using the Encore and ANASEN active target detectors, the Super-Enge Split-Pole Spectrograph, and the CATRiNA neutron detectors. In terms of performance, FSUDAQ can handle up to approximately 500k triggers per second per channel without waveform recording, or data rates of around 65 MB/s per optical fiber, with or without waveform recording. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current tracking system of the ATLAS detector will be replaced by the new Inner Tracker (ITk) to cope with the challenging conditions expected at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. This new tracking system will be an all-silicon detector consisting of silicon pixel sensors in the inner most layers and silicon micro-strips sensors in the outer layers. A central barrel section surrounds the interaction point and two end-cap sections cover the forward regions. This contribution focuses on the results of the system tests for the ITk strips detector in which several close-to-final detector components are evaluated before production. The barrel system tests structure at CERN consists of up to eight staves, while for the end-caps a structure at DESY is loaded with up to twelve petals. Staves (petals) consist of core structures loaded with square (trapezoid) shaped sensors of various lengths and strip pitches, and include readout and power electronics mounted on top of the sensors. Objects are mechanically held in place in a support structure and connected to the electrical, optical and cooling services as true as possible to the final system. With these setups, it is possible to validate the detector design, including the verification of the detector data acquisition, powering and cooling. This article gives an overview of the system tests and summarizes their current status by showing a selection of test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been strongly associated with development and prevalence of substance abuse throughout the lifespan. This study provides information regarding different ACEs and its contribution toward substance abuse, which in turn would optimize a better psychosocial intervention during childhood. Objective: This was a cross-sectional comparative study comparing various ACEs in young adults to find out the pattern and extent of substance use in young adults. Methods: Sixty participants in both case and control group were taken and were given GHQ-12, DAQ, ACE-IQ CPS% SDS and applied using SPSS software. Result: In cases mean score of GHQ-12, DAQ, and ACE-IQ 9.05, 150.6, and 3.53 while in control 0.600, 55.8, and 0.850, respectively. Most common ACE in cases is community violence at 81.7% followed by alcohol and drug abuser in households at 78.3%. Prevalence of substance uses tobacco 85%, alcohol intake 86.7%, cannabis abuse 20%, opioid 18.3%, and sedative 11.7%. Discussion: Our study showed that among all substances alcohol and tobacco were the commonest substances of abuse and the findings point to a picture of prevalence of adverse experiences in early life in relation to various sociodemographic factors among adult substance users. Conclusion: The present study showed that children with history of exposure to multiple adversity should be given high priority for early identification and relief to maintain the quality of their lives and to help develop as healthy productive citizens.

FPGA-based cards for data concentration and readout are often used in data acquisition (DAQ) systems for high-energy physics experiments. The DMA engines implemented in FPGA enable efficient data transfer to the processing system's memory. This paper presents a versatile DMA engine. It may be used in systems with FPGA-equipped PCIe boards hosted in a server and MPSoC-based systems with programmable logic connected directly to the AXI system bus. The core part of the engine is implemented in HLS to simplify further development and modifications. The design is modular and may be easily integrated with the user's DAQ logic, assuming it delivers the data via a standard AXI-Stream interface. The engine and accompanying software are designed with flexibility in mind. They offer a simple single-packet mode for debugging and a high-performance multi-packet mode fully utilizing the computational power of the processing system. The number of used DAQ cards and the amount of memory used for the DMA buffer may be modified in the runtime without rebooting the system. That is particularly useful in the development and test setups. This paper also presents the development and testing methodology. The whole design is open-source and available in public repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is among the tropical diseases that cause the most deaths in Africa. Around 500,000 malaria deaths are reported yearly among African children under the age of five. Chloroquine (CQ) is a low-cost antimalarial used worldwide for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Due to resistance mechanisms, CQ is no longer effective against most malaria cases caused by P. falciparum. The World Health Organization recommends artemisinin combination therapies for P. falciparum malaria, but resistance is emerging in Southeast Asia and some parts of Africa. Therefore, new medicines for treating malaria are urgently needed. Previously, our group identified the 4-aminoquinoline DAQ , a CQ analog containing an acetylenic bond in its side chain, which overcomes CQ resistance in K1 P. falciparum strains. In this work, the antiplasmodial profile, drug-like properties, and pharmacokinetics of DAQ were further investigated. DAQ showed no cross-resistance against standard CQ -resistant strains (e.g., Dd2, IPC 4912, RF12) nor against P. falciparum and P. vivax isolates from patients in the Brazilian Amazon. Using drug pressure assays, DAQ showed a low propensity to generate resistance. DAQ showed considerable solubility but low metabolic stability. The main metabolite was identified as a mono N -deethylated derivative (DAQ M), which also showed significant inhibitory activity against CQ -resistant P. falciparum strains. Our findings indicated that the presence of a triple bond in CQ -analogues may represent a low-cost opportunity to overcome known mechanisms of resistance in the malaria parasite. [Display omitted] • 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial candidates containing a triple bond did not show in vitro cross-resistance against CQ -resistant strains. • DAQ showed a low propensity to generate resistant mutants in vitro after 90 days of drug pressure. • DAQ was active against Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax field isolates from Brazilian Amazon. • DAQ M , the main metabolite of DAQ , also potently inhibited both CQ -sensitive and CQ -resistant strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revolutionized the field of structural biology by enabling the determination of complex macromolecular structures at unprecedented resolutions. When cryo-EM density maps have a resolution around 3 Å, the atomic structure can be modeled manually. However, as the resolution decreases, analyzing these density maps becomes increasingly challenging. For modeling structures in lower resolution maps, deep learning can be used to identify structural features in the maps to assist in structure modeling.Here, we present a suite of deep learning-based tools developed by our lab that enable structural biologists to work with cryo-EM maps of a wide range of resolutions. For cryo-EM maps at near-atomic resolution (5 Å or better), DeepMainmast automatically models all-atom structures by tracing the main chain from local map features of amino acids and atoms detected by deep learning; DAQ score quantifies map-model fit and indicates potential misassignments in protein models. In intermediate resolution maps (5-10 Å), Emap2sec and Emap2sec+ can accurately detect protein secondary structures and nucleic acids. These tools and more are available at our web server: https://em.kiharalab.org/ ., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

This paper presents low-cost, configurable PCI Express (PCIe) direct memory access (DMA) interface for implementation on Intel Cyclone V FPGAs. The DMA engine was designed to support DAQ tasks including pre-triggering acquisition for transient analysis and multichannel transmission. Performance of the interface has been evaluated on Terasic OVSK board (PCIe Gen2 x4). Target configuration of this interface is based on the Avalon-MM Hard IP for Cyclone V PCIe core and Jungo WinDriver x64 for Windows. A sample speed of 1200 MB/s has been reported for DMA writes to PCIe memory.

PC-based data acquisition (DAQ) systems are irreplaceable in terms of capacity and flexibility for data processing. Data acquisition systems serving IoT are a recent development trend. It is necessary to develop a remotely accessible PC-based DAQ system. In this paper, we present a PC-based DAQ system that can be accessed remotely via the internet. The system consists of several sensors connected to a microcontroller. A two-sided application is developed to set up data access, namely, a local application on the DAQ PC and a web-based application in Google Drive (GD) that can interact with applications on the PC. Local data can then be sent to GD and accessed remotely from a PC. Applications on local PCs will provide a user interface (UI) for managing the data, while those on GD will provide access from the internet. The mean time delay for sending data from a PC to Google Sheets is 2.346 s with minimum and maximum values of 0.874 and 5.863 s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Measuring the consumption of electronic devices is a difficult and sensitive task. Data acquisition (DAQ) systems are often used to determine such consumption. In theory, measuring energy consumption is straight forward, just by acquiring current and voltage signals we can determine the consumption. However, a number of issues arise when a fine analysis is required. The main problem is that sampling frequencies have to be high enough to detect variations in the assessed signals over time. In that regard, some popular DAQ systems are based on RISC ARM processors for microcontrollers combined with analog-to-digital converters to meet high-frequency acquisition requirements. The efficient use of direct memory access (DMA) modules combined with pipelined processing in a microcontroller allows to improve the sample rate overcoming the processing time and the internal communication protocol limitations. This paper presents a novel approach for high-frequency energy measurement composed of a DMA rate improvement (data acquisition logic), a data processing logic and a low-cost hardware. The contribution of the paper is the combination of a double-buffered signal acquisition mechanism and an algorithm that computes the device’s energy consumption using parallel data processing. The combination of these elements enables a high-frequency (continuous) energy consumption measurement of an electronic device, improving the accuracy and reducing the cost of existing systems. We have validated our approach by measuring the energy consumed by elemental circuits and wireless sensors networks (WSNs) motes. The results indicate that the energy measurement error is less than 5% and that the proposed method is suitable to measure WSN motes even during sleep cycles, enabling a better characterization of their consumption profile.

A novel approach to a trigger mode in the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector readout system is presented. The system is already installed at WEST tokamak. The article briefly describes the architecture of the GEM detector and the measurement system. Currently the system can work in two trigger modes: Global Trigger and Local Trigger. All trigger processing blocks are parts of the Charge Signal Sequencer module which is responsible for transferring data to the PC. Therefore, the article presents structure of the Sequencer with details about basic blocks, theirs functionality and output data configuration. The Sequencer with the trigger algorithms is implemented in an FPGA chip from Xilinx. Global Trigger, which is a default mode for the system, is not efficient and has limitations due to storing much data without any information. Local trigger which is under tests, removes data redundancy and is constructed to send only valid data, but the rest of the software, especially on the PC side, is still under development. Therefore authors propose the trigger mode which combines functionality of two existing modes. The proposed trigger, called Zero Suppression Trigger, is compatible with the existing interfaces of the PC software, but is also capable to verify and filter incoming signals and transfer only recognized events. The results of the implementation and simulation are presented.

The paper presents improvements of the developed system for hot plasma radiation measurement in the soft Xray range based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. Scope of work consists of a new solution for handling hardware time-synchronization with tokamak systems needed for better synchronization with other diagnostics and measurement quality. The paper describes the support of new modes of triggering on PC-side. There are communication and data path overview in the system. The new API is described, which provide separate channels for data and control and is more robust than the earlier solution. Work concentrates on stability and usability improvements of the implemented device providing better usage for end-user.

An IGBT/MOSFET driver circuit works at a low voltage, between 5-15 V of its gate voltage to drive power converter switching devices that work at higher voltages. If there is no isolation between the driver and power converter circuits, any damage that may occur to the power converter circuit at high voltage will damage the driver circuit as well. This paper presents a design of an isolated IGBT/MOSFET driver circuit for an interleaved DC/DC boost converter using a TL494 IC to generate the required pulses for the converter’s circuit. Isolation is done using optocouplers. An IC IR2117 driver is also used to produce smooth rise and fall times for the pulses for each IGBT. The designed driver circuit is modelled using a co-simulation employing Multisim and LabVIEW software and then implemented experimentally with the help of a NI PCI-DAQ 6259. A P-I controller is implemented to regulate the output voltage of the boost converter, as well at the desired set point.

The present investigation focused on adapting and validating stereo-photogrammetry for obtaining three-dimensional, time-resolved, nonintrusive, full-domain measurements of crater evolution during the plume-surface interaction (PSI) process. An atmospheric experimental facility was designed and constructed to facilitate the development of the stereo-photogrammetry technique for PSI applications. Stereo-photogrammetry was then used to measure the dynamic crater evolution process at nozzle heights of 25, 40, 55, and 70 nozzle diameters above the sand simulant bed. From the stereo-photogrammetry data, time-resolved three-dimensional reconstructions of the crater geometry were generated, and crater depth, radius, and volume time histories were extracted. Crater depth was observed to grow logarithmically for the two highest nozzle heights, and the depth growth rate for the lower two nozzle heights was more rapid. Crater volume growth was well characterized by a power law fit. The post-nozzle-flow slope of the collapsed crater was found to increase with nozzle height, along with the final crater volume. The results show that stereo-photogrammetry can be used to successfully measure the crater geometry in cases where optical access to the crater is not completely degraded by ejected particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a technique to measure and collect maintenance data for remote monitor of high voltage transformer. The technique installs field instruments to measure winding temperature, cooling-oil temperature, inner pressure, electrical power, and so on. IoT2040 is applied for acquisition (DAQ), processing unit and smart gateway. It converts field data into information that enables for real time monitoring and preventive maintenance applications. This technique can transform time-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance. In addition, the proposed script functions are created based on failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify alarm and alert conditions. Consideration alarm-referenced parameters that are diagnostic, performance/efficiency analysis relate to operation or communication conditions also assign by script functions. The relevant data from IoT2040 can be transmitted to the local computer as well as a remote-mobile devices running the dashboard with Ubidots server. Ubidots server is responsible for HMI and delivering specific alarm and alert services to the user. Users can access for remote monitoring by smart phone, tablet, laptop, and PC. The experiment performs by simulation with 3 phase Oil immersed distribution transformer. Electrical specification is 50 Hz 250 kVA, 22 kV, 400/230 V. The results shown the assigned data, dashboard, and notices message that notices relate the FMEA scripts. The technique provides early warning detection of transformer statuses that make opportunity to take corrective action to prevent failure.

Data acquisition systems (DAQs) have a significant role in acquiring data for convenient analysis. With the spread of the Internet of Things, DAQs with remote access are in high demand in industry. The massive usage of free cloud storage provides an opportunity to build a remote DAQ that provides accessible data around the world. In this paper, a remote setting and DAQ for a fuel cell stack are presented. A prototype was made using Arduino Yun, sensors, and actuators. A data server from Flask Python was built using the Linux side processor of Arduino Yun. Then, the acquired data were sent to Google Drive and saved as Spreadsheets files. A user interface (UI) based on HTML was provided in Google Sites. The UI was used to display the data in table and graph form as well as to set the timing values of the purge valve. Google Apps Script was used to manage data communication with Arduino Yun and also manage the data stored on Google Drive. The proposed system takes 3 s to send data from Arduino to Google Drive, while the time taken to update the purge valve time values is 6 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FragmentatiOn mymargin Of Target (FOOT) experiment aims to provide precise nuclear cross section measurements for two different fields: hadrontherapy and radio-protection in space. The main reason is the important role the nuclear fragmentation process plays in both fields, where the health risks caused by radiation are very similar and mainly attributable to the fragmentation process. The FOOT experiment has been developed in such a way that the experimental setup is easily movable and fits the space limitations of the experimental and treatment rooms available in hadrontherapy treatment centers, where most of the data takings are carried out. The trigger and data acquisition system needs to follow the same criteria and it should work in different laboratories and different conditions. It has been designed to acquire high statistics samples to fulfill the accuracy requirements of the physics analysis. Data-taking is being monitored online to allow the shift crew to verify the correct functioning of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) for LHCb, comprising a new pixel detector and readout electronics, will be installed in 2021 for data taking in Run 3 at the LHC. The electronics centers around the “VeloPix” ASIC at the front-end operating in a trigger-less readout at 40MHz. A custom serializer, called gigabit wireline transmitter (GWT), and associated custom protocol have been designed for the VeloPix. The GWT data are sent from the serializers of the VeloPix at a line rate of 5.12 Gb/s, reaching a total data rate of 2–3 Tb/s for the full VELO detector. Data are sent over 300-m optic-fiber links to the control and readout electronics cards for deserialization and processing in Intel Arria 10 FPGAs. Because of the VeloPix trigger-less design, latency variances up to 12 $\mu \text{s}$ can occur between adjacent datagrams. It is therefore essential to buffer and synchronize the data in firmware prior to onward propagation or suffer a huge CPU-processing penalty. This article will describe the architecture of the readout firmware in detail with focus given to the resynchronization mechanism and techniques for cauterization. Issues found during readout commissioning, and scaling resource utilization, along with the their solutions, will be illustrated. The latest results of the firmware data-processing chain can be presented as well as the verification procedures employed in simulation. Challenges for the next generation of the detector will also be presented with ideas for a readout processing solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents low-cost, configurable PCI Express (PCIe) direct memory access (DMA) interface for implementation on Intel Cyclone V FPGAs. The DMA engine was designed to support DAQ tasks including pre-triggering acquisition for transient analysis and multichannel transmission. Performance of the interface has been evaluated on Terasic OVSK board (PCIe Gen2 x4). Target configuration of this interface is based on the Avalon-MM Hard IP for Cyclone V PCIe core and Jungo WinDriver x64 for Windows. A sample speed of 1200 MB/s has been reported for DMA writes to PCIe memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silicon-on-insulator pixel (SOIPIX) detector is a unique monolithic-structure imaging device currently being developed by the SOIPIX group led by the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). The detector team at KEK Photon Factory (PF) is also developing an X-ray camera using INTPIX4NA with a 14.1 × 8.7 mm2 sensitive area and 425,984 (832 column × 512 row matrix) pixels, with a pixel size of 17 × 17 µm2. The detector has high resolution and sensitivity for low-intensity X-rays, making it suitable for imaging in optical systems with lower X-ray intensities, such as an X-ray zooming microscope using two Fresnel zone plates (FZPs), which is also under development at PF. To enable imaging under such conditions, we developed a detector cooling system using a Peltier element to support longer exposure time (0.5 s per frame). Additionally, we developed a new readout system using DAQ boards developed by PF, equipped with SiTCP-XG (network controller implemented on field-programmable gate array) that supports 10 Gbps Ethernet for high-frame-rate imaging at several hundred hertz. The new X-ray camera was tested at the PF BL-14A, BL-14B, and AR-NE1A experimental stations, and the resolution and sensitivity characteristics were confirmed. Given these confirmed characteristics, this X-ray camera is suitable for X-ray imaging using 5–20 keV X-rays under low-intensity, low-contrast conditions. These conditions are ideal for capturing soft tissues with poor contrast, objects with fine structures, and specimens vulnerable to radiation damage. • SOIPIX INTPIX4NA detector based X-ray camera was developed at KEK Photon Factory. • INTPIX4NA detector has a 14.1 × 8.7 mm2 sensitive area (17 μ m pitch 832 × 512 pixel matrix). • This is suit for imaging with 5–20 keV X-ray under low-intensity/contrast conditions. • 10GbE DAQ system and Peltier based detector cooling system were also developed. • The resolution and sensitivity characteristics were tested/confirmed at KEK PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) will replace the current tracking detector of the ATLAS detector to cope with the challenging conditions for the Phase-II upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider experiment (LHC), the so-called High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The new tracking detector is an all-silicon detector consisting of a pixel inner tracker and a silicon microstrips outer tracker, differentiated again in a central barrel section around the interaction point and two end-cap sections covering the forward regions. This contribution focuses on the currently developed full system tests for the ITk strips detector, being the testbed for testing and evaluating the performance of several close-to-final detector components before production. These will also serve in the future for training and testing purposes of the detector during operation. The barrel system test is conducted in SR1 at CERN and will consist of 8 staves - mechanical core structures loaded with rectangular short (∼ 2.5 cm) and long (∼ 5 cm) strip sensor modules. In a similar fashion, the system test for the end-caps is developed at DESY in Hamburg/Germany loaded with up to 12 petals — again a core structure loaded with trapezoidal shaped sensors of various lengths and strip pitches including the readout and power electronics. The staves and petals are mechanically held in place within a support structure and connected to the electrical, optical and cooling services as realistic as possible as in the latter detector integration. As such it is possible to validate the detector design, verify the detector DAQ and perform tests with the services, e.g. concerning the dual-phase CO 2 cooling. This contribution gives an overview of the developed system tests for the ITk strip detector, summarizes the current status of the two sites, and shows a selection of performance measurements conducted in the last months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction− Given the research potential currently presented by internal combustion engines, a complete characterization of their operating conditions requires taking into account the variety of sensors used to mea-sure their physical magnitudes, the multiple electronic devices used for the conditioning of signals and the stan-dards that define the communication syntax and syn-chronization. For this reason, it is necessary to develop software as a link between the instrumentation system and the user, to provide real-time visualization and stor-age of information.Objective− This study seeks to implement a methodol-ogy for the selection and adjustment of the data acqui-sition system for a Diesel engine test bench, as well as software developed to visualize the variables measured by the instruments.Methodology− The selection of the instruments used in the test bench was carried out, as well as the design of the signal treatment devices for each instrument, fol-lowed by set-up and calibration. Parallel to the above, interactive software was developed in a DAQ ́s for the visualization of the results obtained with the acquisi-tion system.Results− The results indicate that the developed cali-bration curve produces a considerable fit of the experi-mental data, and using residue analysis it was verified that the linear model developed was adequate to describe the behavior of the sensors.Conclusions− It was evidenced that 2 of the 7 of the sensors had uncertainty values lower than the measure-ment unit, which guarantees small or practically negli-gible deviations from the nominal value. Of the 7 types of instruments implemented, the sensor corresponding to the rotation speed presented the highest value of un-certainty; however, this value is adjusted to the errors allowed in the RPM measurements, which oscillates 5 % of their nominal value.

Measuring the consumption of electronic devices is a difficult and sensitive task. Data acquisition (DAQ) systems are often used to determine such consumption. In theory, measuring energy consumption is straight forward, just by acquiring current and voltage signals we can determine the consumption. However, a number of issues arise when a fine analysis is required. The main problem is that sampling frequencies have to be high enough to detect variations in the assessed signals over time. In that regard, some popular DAQ systems are based on RISC ARM processors for microcontrollers combined with analog-to-digital converters to meet high-frequency acquisition requirements. The efficient use of direct memory access (DMA) modules combined with pipelined processing in a microcontroller allows to improve the sample rate overcoming the processing time and the internal communication protocol limitations. This paper presents a novel approach for high-frequency energy measurement composed of a DMA rate improvement (data acquisition logic), a data processing logic and a low-cost hardware. The contribution of the paper is the combination of a double-buffered signal acquisition mechanism and an algorithm that computes the device's energy consumption using parallel data processing. The combination of these elements enables a high-frequency (continuous) energy consumption measurement of an electronic device, improving the accuracy and reducing the cost of existing systems. We have validated our approach by measuring the energy consumed by elemental circuits and wireless sensors networks (WSNs) motes. The results indicate that the energy measurement error is less than 5% and that the proposed method is suitable to measure WSN motes even during sleep cycles, enabling a better characterization of their consumption profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In study, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) insert for simultaneous brain imaging within 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanners. The PET insert has 18 sectors, and each sector is assembled with two-layer depth-of-interaction (DOI)-capable high-resolution block detectors. The PET scanner features a 16.7-cm-long axial field-of-view (FOV) to provide entire human brain images without bed movement. The PET scanner early digitizes a large number of block detector signals at a front-end data acquisition (DAQ) board using a novel field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-only signal digitization method. All the digitized PET data from the front-end DAQ boards are transferred using gigabit transceivers via non-magnetic high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cables. A back-end DAQ system provides a common clock and synchronization signal for FPGAs over the HDMI cables. An active cooling system using copper heat pipes is applied for thermal regulation. All the 2.17-mm-pitch crystals with two-layer DOI information were clearly identified in the block detectors, exhibiting a system-level energy resolution of 12.6%. The PET scanner yielded clear hot-rod and Hoffman brain phantom images and demonstrated 3D PET imaging capability without bed movement. We also performed a pilot simultaneous PET/MR imaging study of a brain phantom. The PET scanner achieved a spatial resolution of 2.5 mm at the center FOV (NU 4) and a sensitivity of 18.9 kcps/MBq (NU 2) and 6.19% (NU 4) in accordance with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SANSControl instrument control and data acquisition software has been developed and implemented for the Yellow Submarine small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer at the Budapest Neutron Centre. After a brief description of the instrument main characteristics, the design and key features of SANSControl are presented, such as logic of the sequential operation, visualization interface and user-friendly operation modes. The design of the program allows its easy modification and adaptation for other instruments operating or being developed at large-scale neutron and synchrotron facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bezpečnosť cestnej premávky a s tým spojená ochrana ľudského života je cieľom v každej vyspelej krajine. Viac ako 90% dopravných nehôd po celom svete je spôsobených ľudskou chybou. Z toho vyplýva jednoznačná povinnosť zaoberať sa ľudskou psychikou a predovšetkým páchaním priestupkov vodičmi na cestách. Dopravno-psychologický výskum obsiahnutý v tomto článku bol realizovaný na vzorke takmer štyristo respondentov, pričom išlo o mladých vodičov vo veku 18 až 26 rokov. Na výskum bol použitý dotazník postojov vodiča, ktorého výsledky boli následne porovnávané so všeobecnými údajmi tiež zisťovanými v prieskume. Výsledky bolo v globále možné porovnávať aj so zahraničnými štúdiami, pretože dopravno-psychologický nástroj, ktorý bol využitý má presne stanovenú štruktúru a je možné ho použiť v akejkoľvek krajine. Cieľom výskumu bolo predovšetkým hľadanie štatistických podobností medzi výsledkami nástroja DAQ a uvedeným počtom a druhom dopravných priestupkov respondentov. Taktiež je cieľom porovnanie dosiahnutých výsledkov s inými štúdiami, ktoré získali dáta rovnakým nástrojom.