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Vagally‐mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is a physiological index reflecting parasympathetic activity that has been linked to emotion regulation (ER) capacity. However, very limited research has examined associations of physiological indices of regulation such as vmHRV with emotional functioning in daily life. The few studies that exist have small samples sizes and typically focus on only a narrow aspect of ER or emotional functioning. In this study, we examined associations between vmHRV assessed in the laboratory and emotional/mental health functioning in daily life using a 7‐day ecological momentary assessment design in 303 adult community participants. We hypothesized that higher resting vmHRV would be associated with higher positive affect (PA), lower negative affect (NA), less affective variability, greater well‐being, fewer dysphoria symptoms, greater use of engagement ER strategies, and less use of avoidance ER strategies, as assessed in daily life. Results revealed that higher resting vmHRV in the laboratory (as indexed by both high frequency heart rate variability, HF‐HRV, and the root mean of successive square deviations between heart beats, RMSSD) was significantly associated with less frequent use of avoidance ER strategies in daily life. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed, including the association of vmHRV with negatively valenced, rather than positively valenced, daily life experiences. Few studies have examined associations between laboratory autonomic nervous system activity and daily life emotional functioning. We report novel findings that higher resting parasympathetic activity in the lab is linked with lower negative affect and less reported use of avoidance as an emotion regulation strategy in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local community in the Polish-Russian border area has been experiencing constant closures and openings since the delimitation of the border. Despite that, the residents used the border as a resource until the outbreak of war in Ukraine. All actions of the central authorities restricting cross-border mobility in the Polish-Russian borderland were treated by the residents as a temporary impediment, to which they were, to some extent, accustomed as they lived in a region with strong exposure to geopolitical risks. With the outbreak of war, the Polish-Russian border area became an isolated border region. Residents of the Polish-Russian borderland face the challenge of reorganizing their daily lives and counteracting the negative effects of permanent isolation. This article seeks to investigate how the Russian-Ukrainian conflict affects the daily lives of these residents through a series of expert interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Population aging and increasing long-term care needs call for designing and implementing better tools for assessing functional ability. In Chile, the Lawton and Brody (L&B) scale is used for identifying limitations with instrumental activities. This study compared the costs and acceptability of the L&B with a new instrument to measure instrumental activities of daily living (IADL): the Instrument for the Assessment of Functionality Stages (Instrumento de Evaluación de Estadios de Funcionalidad; IDEEF). Methods: Phone surveys were carried out to apply the L&B and the IDEEF to a sample of 200 older people (60+) participating in public programs for older people in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Besides the items assessed by each scale, the survey captured completion times and included a short questionnaire on acceptability, data that allowed comparisons between instruments. Results: On average, the L&B takes around 4 min to be applied; the completion times for the IDEEF are 4 times longer. However, the IDEEF performs better in terms of acceptability and has neither gender bias nor dependency bias. Conclusion: Both instruments have pros and cons, but the IDEEF appears as a feasible alternative to the L&B to improve the assessment of IADL in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Iranian adolescents' participation in various domains of life. The electronic version of the Iranian Adolescent Participation Assessment Tool‐COVID‐19 (IAPAT‐C) was developed and validated for this purpose. Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the electronic version of the IAPAT‐C was developed and validated through a methodological study involving five stages: content validity review, cognitive interviews, item analysis, structural validity assessment using confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The tool was adapted from the previously validated IAPAT and revalidated for this study. In the second phase, the effects of COVID‐19 on adolescents' participation were evaluated using a longitudinal one group before and after comparative design. The study involved 654 adolescents aged 13–18, and the data were analyzed using SPSS19 and G ∗Power 3 software. Results: The IAPAT‐C evaluates the participation of Iranian adolescents in 54 daily life activities before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. It utilizes a 5‐point Likert scale and was validated through an expert panel review for content validity. Additionally, cognitive interviews with six adolescents confirmed its comprehensibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. Item analysis, based on data from 38 participants, demonstrated strong interitem correlations (0.6–0.94) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). The tool's structural validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, which showed that the measurement model was a good fit. Convergent and discriminant validity of model constructs were also confirmed. Notably, COVID‐19 significantly impacted all aspects of adolescents' lives, except for work. Conclusion: The electronic version of the IAPAT‐C was valid and reliable. COVID‐19 significantly affected various aspects of Iranian adolescents' daily lives. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide appropriate interventions and policies for this sensitive class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic street layouts are integral to historic districts’ tangible cultural heritage and are intricately linked to the residents’ daily lives; however, existing studies have only examined their spatial aspects, primarily using quantitative methods. Conversely, studies on tangible cultural heritage’s impact on residents’ lives have principally employed qualitative methods. Therefore, this study bridges qualitative and quantitative approaches to propose a layout – daily life model, which explains the relationship between the layout of Xi’an, China’s Sanxue Street historic and cultural district, and its residents’ daily lives. A combination of space syntax and geographic information system-based land-use analyses revealed that eating, shopping, calligraphy, and transportation were the main activities of residents. Questionnaire responses from 335 participants validated the proposed model and confirmed its feasibility. When certain types of facilities are widely distributed in streets with high choice and integration, residents’ daily lives tend to involve the functions represented by them. Furthermore, calligraphy is an important part of most residents’ daily lives, regardless of the transportation mode used. This study contributes to the understanding of the effect of tangible cultural heritage, particularly street layouts, on residents’ daily lives in historic districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress-related disorders constitute a fast-progressing worldwide societal problem that needs urgent attention and new solutions. Recent neuroscientific research has shown that stress-related disorders are characterized by maladaptive dynamic changes in large-scale brain networks in response to stressors, raising the possibility of modulating these networks as a promising target for intervention. Neurofeedback can be used to train individuals to endogenously modulate brain network dynamics. Once learned, this skill is transferrable to ecologically relevant scenarios outside of a laboratory or treatment facility, and individuals can be trained to explicitly apply it at the right moments as part of a just-in-time adaptive intervention in response to actual stressors in daily life. We argue that these characteristics position neurofeedback as a prime candidate for a personalized preventive neuroscience-based intervention strategy. Stress-related disorders are among the biggest global health challenges. Despite significant progress in understanding their neurocognitive basis, the promise of applying insights from fundamental research to prevention and treatment remains largely unfulfilled. We argue that neurofeedback – a method for training voluntary control over brain activity – has the potential to fill this translational gap. We provide a contemporary perspective on neurofeedback as endogenous neuromodulation that can target complex brain network dynamics, is transferable to real-world scenarios outside a laboratory or treatment facility, can be trained prospectively, and is individually adaptable. This makes neurofeedback a prime candidate for a personalized preventive neuroscience-based intervention strategy that focuses on the ecological momentary neuromodulation of stress-related brain networks in response to actual stressors in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, behavioral, social, and health science researchers have relied on global/retrospective survey methods administered cross-sectionally (i.e., on a single occasion) or longitudinally (i.e., on several occasions separated by weeks, months, or years). More recently, social and health scientists have added daily life survey methods (also known as intensive longitudinal methods or ambulatory assessment) to their toolkit. These methods (e.g., daily diaries, experience sampling, ecological momentary assessment) involve dense repeated assessments in everyday settings. To facilitate research using daily life survey methods, we present SEMA3 (http://www.SEMA3.com), a platform for designing and administering intensive longitudinal daily life surveys via Android and iOS smartphones. SEMA3 fills an important gap by providing researchers with a free, intuitive, and flexible platform with basic and advanced functionality. In this article, we describe SEMA3's development history and system architecture, provide an overview of how to design a study using SEMA3 and outline its key features, and discuss the platform's limitations and propose directions for future development of SEMA3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interactions, spending time together, and relationships are important for individuals' well-being, with people feeling happier when they spend more time with others. So far, most information about the frequency and duration of spending time together is based on self-report questionnaires. Although recent technological innovations have stimulated the development of objective approaches for measuring physical proximity in humans in everyday life, these methods still have substantial limitations. Here we present a novel method, using Bluetooth low-energy beacons and a smartphone application, to measure the frequency and duration of dyads being in close proximity in daily life. This method can also be used to link the frequency and duration of proximity to the quality of interactions, by using proximity-triggered questionnaires. We examined the use of this novel method by exploring proximity patterns of family interactions among 233 participants (77 Dutch families, with 77 adolescents [Mage = 15.9] and 145 parents [Mage = 48.9]) for 14 consecutive days. Overall, proximity-based analyses indicated that adolescents were more often and longer in proximity to mothers than to fathers, with large differences between families in frequency and duration. Proximity-triggered evaluations of the interactions and parenting behavior were generally positive for both fathers and mothers. This innovative method is a promising tool that can be broadly used in other social contexts to yield new and more detailed insights into social proximity in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The present study assessed the impact of oral health on the daily lives of children and mothers living in a rural area in Northwestern Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional household survey including children between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers was conducted in rural Egypt, 2019–2020. Data were collected using clinical examination and interview-based questionnaires of children and mothers. Three binary logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the dependent variables (oral health impact (yes, no) on avoiding smiling, chewing problems, and missing school (children) and avoiding social events (mothers)), and the explanatory variables: oral health (clinically-assessed caries experience and self-reported oral health) controlling for sociodemographic profile (child age and sex, mother’s education), daily toothbrushing and village of residence. Results A total of 211 households with 355 children and 211 mothers were included (91.5% response rate). About 54% of the children were girls, mean (SD) age = 8.7 (2.05) years and 82.3% did not brush their teeth daily. Mother’s mean (SD) age was 31.70 (5.45) years. Because of dental problems, 31.3% of children reported chewing difficulties, 31% avoided smiling compared to 76.3% and 43.6% of mothers. Also, 30.4% of children missed school and 76.8% of mothers reported reduced participation in social activities. In children, the number of decayed anterior teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of avoiding smiling (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.44). In mothers, a greater number of posterior missing teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of chewing difficulties (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.45), and a greater number of all missing teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of reduced participation in social events (AOR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.30, 1.57). Good/ very good reported oral health in children and mothers was associated with lower odds of avoiding smiling and chewing problems (p

ABSTRACT Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To investigate the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease in coping with and adapting to their disease and to identify considerations for a tailored self‐management support program.A descriptive phenomenological focus group study.Five semi‐structured focus groups were conducted between April 2023 and June 2023 in the Netherlands, with 12 people with Parkinson's disease. Two researchers independently performed an inductive content analysis.Three principal categories emerged: (1) Rational realisation versus emotional experience: the coping strategy transition. This category includes three main coping strategies: denial or avoidance coping, acknowledging with less active coping and proactive and task‐oriented coping. (2) Factors that influence coping, including mindset and skills, social circles and communication and access to support and care. (3) Considerations for successful self‐management of Parkinson's disease, highlighting key areas such as psycho‐emotional guidance, nutrition and lifestyle, peer support and maintaining autonomy and sense of identity.Coping and adaptation strategies are individual and dynamic processes, with multiple key or turning points during the transition between strategies. Tailored self‐management support can enhance coping abilities during these transitions, fostering adaptation to a life with Parkinson's disease.A patient‐focused version of an existing blended self‐management support program for family caregivers will be developed, which will be delivered by healthcare professionals.This study can help healthcare professionals tailor support for people with Parkinson's disease, emphasising their role in facilitating coping and adaptation. Enhancing self‐management can improve self‐efficacy, quality of life and potentially reduce healthcare utilisation in people with Parkinson's disease.Findings are reported according to the COREQ guidelines.Patients and Parkinson's disease experts participated in the preparation and implications of the findings. All participants could contribute to the self‐management support program, either through video interviews or content feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Habitual strength and power-demanding activities of daily life may support the maintenance of adequate lower extremity functioning with aging, but this has been sparingly explored. Hence, we examined whether the characteristics of free-living sit-to-stand (STS) transitions predict a decline in lower extremity functioning over a 4-yr follow-up. Methods: A total of 340 community-dwelling older adults (60% women; age 75, 80, or 85 yr) participated in this prospective cohort study. At baseline, a thigh-worn accelerometer was used continuously (3-7 d) to monitor the number and intensity of free-living STS transitions. A decline in lower extremity functioning was defined as a drop of ≥2 points in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) from baseline to follow-up. Maximal isometric knee extension strength was measured in the laboratory. Results: Eighty-five participants (75%women) declined in SPPB over 4 yr. After adjusting for age, sex, and baseline SPPB points, higher free-living peak STS angular velocity (odds ratio (OR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.92, per 20°⋅s-1 increase) protected against a future decline. When adjusting the model for maximal isometric knee extension strength, the statistical significance was attenuated (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54-0.96, per 20°⋅s-1 increase). Conclusions: Performing STS transitions at higher velocities in the free-living environment can prevent a future decline in lower extremity function. This indicates that changes in daily STS behavior may be useful in the early identification of functional loss. Free-living peak STS angular velocity may be a factor underlying the longitudinal association of lower extremity strength and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese villages, recognized as national heritage sites, are invaluable cultural assets. Since 2012, efforts have focused on their preservation, though issues remain such as prioritizing authenticity over usability and material over cultural elements. This paper adopts the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, emphasizing the integration of physical heritage with daily life to shift value assessment. The fundamental argument of this paper is that the HUL method can serve as a new tool for preserving the historical heritage and landscape of rural areas, particularly in the context of assessing and formulating preservation frameworks for traditional Chinese villages. Through the case study of Tangfang village's new conservation plan, the research demonstrates that the value of traditional villages lies in the continuous interaction between daily activities and physical space, including landscape, functional, and spiritual dimensions. The study concludes that a preservation framework based on local residents' daily lives ensures more effective heritage conservation and landscape preservation by addressing both material and human values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study assessed the impact of oral health on the daily lives of children and mothers living in a rural area in Northwestern Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey including children between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers was conducted in rural Egypt, 2019–2020. Data were collected using clinical examination and interview-based questionnaires of children and mothers. Three binary logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the dependent variables (oral health impact (yes, no) on avoiding smiling, chewing problems, and missing school (children) and avoiding social events (mothers)), and the explanatory variables: oral health (clinically-assessed caries experience and self-reported oral health) controlling for sociodemographic profile (child age and sex, mother's education), daily toothbrushing and village of residence. Results: A total of 211 households with 355 children and 211 mothers were included (91.5% response rate). About 54% of the children were girls, mean (SD) age = 8.7 (2.05) years and 82.3% did not brush their teeth daily. Mother's mean (SD) age was 31.70 (5.45) years. Because of dental problems, 31.3% of children reported chewing difficulties, 31% avoided smiling compared to 76.3% and 43.6% of mothers. Also, 30.4% of children missed school and 76.8% of mothers reported reduced participation in social activities. In children, the number of decayed anterior teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of avoiding smiling (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.44). In mothers, a greater number of posterior missing teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of chewing difficulties (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.45), and a greater number of all missing teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of reduced participation in social events (AOR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.30, 1.57). Good/ very good reported oral health in children and mothers was associated with lower odds of avoiding smiling and chewing problems (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Decayed anterior teeth in children have a negative impact on smiling whereas missing teeth in mothers affect the ability to chew food and socialize. The psychological, functional, and social impacts of caries in this rural setting needs to be mitigated by improving oral health literacy and access to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the associations between cognitive impairment and biopsychosocial factors among older stroke survivors and predictors of poststroke return to daily life. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 117 stroke survivors (61% men) with an average age of 77 years (range 65–91). The participants completed two questionnaires (Riksstroke and Short Form 36 questionnaires). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive abilities. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework guided the selection of biopsychosocial variables. We used Spearman’s correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression in the analyses. Results: The average MoCA score was 21.7 points (range: 4–30, SD 5.6). The need for assistance from relatives and professionals, need for help with dressing and household chores, reliance on others for mobility, and reading and balance problems were correlated with more severe cognitive impairment (r = 0.20–0.33). Cognitive impairment, fatigue, and balance issues predicted an unfavorable return to daily life (odds ratio: 6.2–6.8). Conclusion: The study indicated that cognitive impairment is associated with difficulties in all ICF domains. Cognitive impairment, fatigue, and balance issues are associated with an unsuccessful return to daily life. Prioritizing these factors and screening for cognitive impairment with objective assessment tools may improve rehabilitation outcomes and enhance overall quality of life poststroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on exposure to stressors and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in daily life has been lacking, particularly among emerging adults (aged 18–25 years). The aim of this study was to determine whether daily stressors predicted same-day and next-day NSSI thoughts and engagement, and whether emotion dysregulation moderated this relation. Participants included 160 emerging adults (83% female, Mage = 19.75, SD = 1.8, 44% White, 22% East Asian, 11% South Asian, and 23% other) who completed a baseline assessment and 14 days of daily diary entries which resulted in 1982 daily assessments (median compliance = 86%; IQR = 12–14). It was found that daily stressors significantly predicted same-day, but not next-day, NSSI thoughts and engagement and this relation was more pronounced for individuals with greater emotion dysregulation. The present study provides new insight into when individuals may be most at risk for NSSI, as well as which individuals may be most vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A large‐scale nationwide epidemiological survey of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was conducted via the Internet in 2023 to clarify the current prevalence of LUTS and evaluate its impact on daily life in Japan. Methods: The survey was conducted among individuals aged 20–99 years old who had anonymously registered with a Japanese online research company. The survey consisted of 48 questions related to LUTS and daily life. Results: A total of 6210 participants (3088 females and 3122 males), who were selected by probability sampling based on the composition of the Japanese population (age range: 20–99), were recruited. The overall prevalence of LUTS was 77.9% among the subjects aged ≥20 and 82.5% among those aged ≥40. The prevalence of LUTS differed between the sexes and trends toward significant increases in prevalence with age were seen for almost all LUTS. Furthermore, the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) was 11.9% among the subjects aged ≥20 and 13.8% among those aged ≥40. This study also showed that LUTS negatively affected daily life. However, the percentage of subjects who visited a physician to receive treatment for LUTS was low, including for participants with a history of treatment for LUTS, although this increased with age. Conclusion: The prevalence of LUTS, including OAB, increased with age and negatively affected daily life. However, since the percentage of patients who visit a physician to receive treatment for LUTS remains low, further educational activities regarding LUTS are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the self-management strategies of Danish patients living with advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), with a particular focus on their daily life and their interactions with the respiratory outpatient clinic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 patients with COPD affiliated with a Danish respiratory outpatient clinic. The data were thematically analyzed as suggested by Braun & Clarke. The analysis revealed one overarching theme, three main themes, and six subthemes. The overarching theme ‘In a strained healthcare system patients with COPD struggle to access needed support to be able to self-manage their disease’ revolved around the challenges that patients face in an overburdened healthcare system as they seek support to effectively self-manage their condition. The three main themes were: (1) Only physical symptoms provide legal access to the respiratory outpatient clinic, (2) For patients, the measurements serve as indicators of their health status and overall well-being, (3) Healthcare professionals’ skills and not the mode of contact matters to the patients. Healthcare professionals should be aware that the rhetoric surrounding a busy healthcare system with a stressed-out staff also affects patients. Patients with COPD may be particularly sensitive to this message and try to avoid burdening the healthcare system further by setting aside their own needs. However, this approach can lead to neglecting symptoms of deterioration and mental symptoms, which increase the risk of disease progression and subsequent risk of hospital admission.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the rate of sedentary behaviour and differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living (ADL) based on sedentary behaviour time of hospitalized older cardiovascular disease patients undergoing phase I cardiac rehabilitation. Older cardiovascular disease patients were enrolled from October 2020 to September 2023 and were divided into the high sedentary behaviour group (≥ 480 min/day) and low sedentary behaviour group (

Abstract Background Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Methods Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants. Results Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory. Conclusions The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals.

Abstract Background Adolescent solitude was drastically impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As solitude is crucial for adolescent development through its association with both positive and negative developmental outcomes, it is critical to understand how adolescents’ daily-life solitary experiences changed as a result of the pandemic. Methods Using three waves of Experience Sampling Method data from a longitudinal study, we compared adolescents’ daily-life solitary experiences in the early (n T1 =100; M Age =16.1; SD Age =1.9; 93% girls) and mid-pandemic (n T2 =204; M Age =16.5; SD Age =2.0; 79% girls) to their pre-pandemic experiences. Results We found that adolescents with lower levels of pre-pandemic social support and social skills reported wanting to be alone less and feeling like an outsider more at both time points during the pandemic. In the mid-pandemic wave, adolescents with higher levels of pre-pandemic social support and social skills reported decreases in positive affect compared to the pre-pandemic wave. Conclusion This study shows that adolescents’ daily-life solitary experiences worsened throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. There should be continued concern for the wellbeing of all adolescents, not only those already at risk, as effects of the pandemic on mental health might only manifest later.

Background: Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Methods: Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants. Results: Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory. Conclusions: The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM; Asparouhov et al. 2018), this study tests how partner disruptions of daily routines create a chaotic relational state through intensified emotions directed at partners, as posited by relational turbulence theory (RTT; Solomon et al. 2016). To test this affective process, individuals in dating relationships (N  =   130) completed daily surveys for 30 days (T  =   30; 3,478 total observations), measuring that day's interference from their partner, anger experienced while interacting with their partner, and their relational turbulence. DSEM accounted for the intensive longitudinal aspects of the data while modeling three types of person-specific random effects: random intercepts to account for subject-specific averages; random slopes to account for subject-specific effects; and random variances to account for subject-specific volatility. RTT processes were supported, as greater than typical interference of routines in daily life predicted more relational turbulence that day via increased daily anger (controlling for the previous day's levels). The use of DSEM allowed us to further test RTT by modeling person-specific inertia and volatility (for levels of interference, anger, and relational turbulence throughout a month). The use of a multilevel "location-scale" DSEM with random intercepts and random variances revealed that attachment avoidance and anxiety predicted a variety of person-specific features of the studied longitudinal processes: averages, inertia, and volatility over time. We provide our data and a supplemental primer to illustrate how to test communication theory with DSEM and model the intensive dynamics of daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with numerous changes in daily life conditions that could affect the psychological response of individuals worldwide. Objective: The study aimed to describe and examine differences in depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to living conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Purposive snowball sampling was employed to include 642 participants. Arabic versions of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The total mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were 12.26 (SD = 10.53), 9.04 (SD = 9.34), and 13.49 (SD = 10.72), respectively. Of the study sample, 122 (19.5%), 139 (22.2%), and 99 (15.9%) had severe to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to age, chronic diseases, and house size. Conclusion: The findings showed an increased prevalence of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health practitioners need to recognize the impact of pandemics on youth, females, low-income populations, and individuals with chronic diseases. Preventive mental health services among these populations, such as screening and counseling, would help reduce the health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the environmental factors such as supports and barriers that have been faced by those children with SLD between the before and after COVID-19 lockdown and their involvement, participation frequency and desire for change. The participation features as well as the environmental factors at home, school and community settings of these children (n: 61; mean age: 9.37 ± 1.50 year)during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown were assessed by using the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) instrument via Internet access. The differences in participation frequency, involvement, desire for change, and environmental factors (supports and barriers) for school and community settings between the pre and post COVID-19 pandemic lockdown were found to be p < 0.01. There were no statistical differences at home settings in terms of participation frequency and supports (p > 0.05). This study provides information about the participation levels of children with special needs during the COVID-19 pandemic and the environmental factors faced by these children. The results are expected to contribute to the rehabilitation program that may improve the participation levels of children with special needs, and determine where greater efforts are needed to support so as to raise their participation levels and improve environmental features after the quarantine process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent solitude was drastically impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As solitude is crucial for adolescent development through its association with both positive and negative developmental outcomes, it is critical to understand how adolescents' daily-life solitary experiences changed as a result of the pandemic. Methods: Using three waves of Experience Sampling Method data from a longitudinal study, we compared adolescents' daily-life solitary experiences in the early (nT1=100; MAge=16.1; SDAge=1.9; 93% girls) and mid-pandemic (nT2=204; MAge=16.5; SDAge=2.0; 79% girls) to their pre-pandemic experiences. Results: We found that adolescents with lower levels of pre-pandemic social support and social skills reported wanting to be alone less and feeling like an outsider more at both time points during the pandemic. In the mid-pandemic wave, adolescents with higher levels of pre-pandemic social support and social skills reported decreases in positive affect compared to the pre-pandemic wave. Conclusion: This study shows that adolescents' daily-life solitary experiences worsened throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. There should be continued concern for the wellbeing of all adolescents, not only those already at risk, as effects of the pandemic on mental health might only manifest later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients suffering from psychological disorders report decreased quality of life and low mood. The relationship of these symptoms to daily upsetting events or environments, and in the context of active coping mechanisms is poorly understood. The present study thus investigates the association between mood, psychological flexibility, upsetting events, and environment in the daily life of outpatients. We investigated 80 outpatients at the beginning of treatment, using event sampling methodology (ESM). Patients' mood, occurrence of upsetting events, current environment, and psychological flexibility were sampled six times per day during a one-week intensive longitudinal examination. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs). Participants reported worse mood the more upsetting events they experienced. Further, participants reported better mood when in private environments (e.g., with friends), and worse mood when at the hospital, compared to being at home. Higher levels of psychological flexibility, however, were associated with better mood, irrespective of the occurrence of upsetting events or current environment. Results suggest that mood is positively associated with psychological flexibility, not despite, but especially during the dynamic and context-specific challenges of daily life. Psychological flexibility may thus potentially act as a buffer against distress-provoking situations as patients go about their daily lives. ISRCTN.org identifier: ISRCTN11209732. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been renewed interest in the effect of lying on memory. A growing body of studies has documented that lying can impair memories and cause memory disruptions, such as forgetting and false memories, to a greater degree than telling the truth. This study aimed to investigate whether motivation plays a role in the effect of lying on memory. The present study utilized a daily life paradigm and manipulated three conditions: truth telling, internally motivated lying, and externally motivated lying. We asked participants to engage in a shopping task and to tell lies (externally motivated lying group) or to choose between telling the truth (truth‐telling group) and telling lies (internally motivated lying group) in the interview. Forty‐eight hours later, the participants were instructed to truthfully carry out multiple memory assessments. The principal findings of this research are that lying can result in memory impairments, and internally motivated lying can lead to greater impairment in source memory than externally motivated lying. Moreover, no significant differences between the two lying groups were found in the memory tests. The empirical findings of this study provide new insights into the effect of lying on memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children's time use is a complex developmental phenomenon in need of a more in-depth, detailed understanding. Objective: The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of children's everyday lives in middle childhood and examine how different portfolios and patterns of daily activities occurring at home, school, and community are influenced by multilevel ecological factors. Method: Based on cross-sectional, multi-informant data from a sample of Portuguese 3rd and 4th graders (n = 209), this research expands previous literature by providing a mixture of variable- and person-centered analytical approaches to children's time use. Results: Findings indicate that children's everyday lives are characterized by a diversity of participation portfolios which embody multidimensional, heterogeneous, and qualitatively distinct participation patterns. A total of five different time use clusters were found: "less-active studious", "highly-engaged players", "less-involved after-schoolers", "highly-active homebodies", and "sedentary home screeners". Both portfolios and patterns of activities significantly varied as a function of child characteristics, parental education, family functioning and culture, and the environment quality of activity settings. Conclusions: Variations in ecological affordances and constraints may represent different levels of exposure to developmental opportunities. An ecological developmental perspective of children's time use is necessary and useful to enlighten how families, schools, and communities can positively influence children's lives and effectively support their well-being and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical solutions could facilitate activities and participation in individuals with disabilities. For the development of solutions, hackathons are a method of interdisciplinary collaboration. For hackathon, the definition of pain points that require solutions is crucial. We aimed to determine engineers' preferences and expectations regarding pain point qualities. We used a collaborative approach involving individuals with disability, families, and healthcare professionals to determine pain points for use by engineering students during a disability Hackathon. A pain point bank was built using 3 upstream sources: a survey (350 responses, 20 pain points selected), interviews (8 children, 13 pain points), and a multidisciplinary workshop based on design thinking methods (45 people, 32 pain points). A fourth source was 20 adults with disabilities present during the Hackathon. Engineering students rated pain point qualities from each source in a questionnaire that included closed questions relating to predefined criteria: achievability, specificity, relevance and attractiveness and open questions to collect non-predefined quality criteria. Pain points from the workshop were most frequently used (48%); followed by on-site discussions with mentors (43%), the survey (38%), and interviews (31%). On-site discussions received the highest quality ratings followed by the workshop, survey, and interviews. Three quality criteria emerged from the responses to open questions: "representative", "empathy", and "real-need". To be actionable by engineers, pain points must relate to real needs, be achievable, specific, relevant and attractive but also representative and arouse empathy. We devised a checklist of qualities along with a toolbox of methods to achieve each. The first step of the development of technical solutions for children and individuals with disabilities is the identification of their needs and their adequate formulation to be submitted to technical solutions providers. Daily life needs of individuals with disability were gathered for an engineering hackathon and proposed as pain points to 400 engineering students. To facilitate the development of solutions by engineers, pain points must relate to real needs, be specific, relevant, achievable and attractive; be representative and arouse empathy; a toolbox of needs collection methods is proposed to achieve each of those qualities. Discussions with individuals with disability and health professionals should be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The diagnosis of a chronic disease represents a turning point in patients' lives, which inevitably marks them. The aim of this study was to analyze perceived stress levels among Crohn' disease (CD) patients depending on sampling characteristics and several difficulties occurred in their daily life in order to better address stress management interventions to increase their quality of life as patients who should cohabitate with CD for all their lives. Materials and methods. An on-line, multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out through social Internet pages. Specifically, through the Facebook and Instagram groups belonging to the CD patients. Results. A total of 785 CD interviewers were achieved in this study, 597 were female and 188 were male. Significant higher stress perceived levels were assessed among females (p < 0.001) and CD interviewers who knew their disease until 10 years (p < 0.001). Higher levels in stress perceptions were reported in all the difficulties proposed, in which CD interviewers reported a quite level of difficulties occurred on them (p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study demonstrated that patients with Crohn's disease live in a condition of high stress and that this condition implies changes in the quality of life with considerable difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are characterized by disturbed patterns of emotional and interpersonal functioning, which might imply altered use of emotion regulation in interpersonal contexts. In the current study, we examined how individuals with MDD and/or BPD differ from healthy controls in (1) their overall daily life use of expressive suppression and social sharing and (2) their tendency to adjust the use of these strategies to the emotional context (i.e., preceding negative and positive affect). Thirty‐four individuals with MDD, 20 individuals with BPD, 19 individuals with comorbid MDD and BPD, and 40 healthy controls participated in a week of experience sampling during which they reported their use of expressive suppression, social sharing, and experienced negative and positive affect. The results indicated that all clinical groups reported more expressive suppression and social sharing in their daily lives than healthy controls. Group differences remained when controlling for differences in mean experienced affect, except for increased suppression for MDD and increased sharing for BPD and comorbid MDD and BPD, which seemed related to these participants' overall higher levels of negative affect. Additionally, associations between within‐person fluctuations in negative or positive affect and subsequent strategy use were equally strong for clinical and control participants, indicating that clinical groups did not differentially adjust the use of suppression and sharing to the emotional context. In conclusion, individuals with MDD and/or BPD showed increased use of suppression and sharing in daily life, which might contribute to, or follow from their emotional and interpersonal difficulties.

Background. The article examines the marital conflict in the provincial families focusing on a variety of issues related to beatings and abuse took place in Tver and Yaroslavl Provinces. The discussed issue is relevant and the study of marriage conflicts in historical context can contribute to preventing domestic violence in modern families. Materials and methods. The study is conducted using materials from state archives of the Tver and Yaroslavl regions. The authors employ a range of historical and general scientific methods, including those used to study the history of daily life, as well as the set of approaches of women's and gender history. Results. The authors studied the types of domestic violence as well as the all-Russian statistics on punishments for such crimes. The main causes of abuse and the ability of the wives to protect themselves from the arbitrariness of husbands have been identified. Conclusions. Domestic violence was not uncommon. For most of the period women could not officially separate from their husbands because of abuse. The studied appeals of victims to various judicial authorities showed an increase in women's self-awareness and emancipation of women in general. However, despite the fact that abusive husbands could receive serious prison sentences and even be sent to hard labor for their crimes, they more often received minor punishments, and their wives had to put up with abuse.

Abstract Background To date, almost no research on the psychosocial implications of albinism has been conducted in France and an exploration of albinism-related experiences could be beneficial, in order to better understand this condition. The aim of this study was to examine how French people with albinism and their parents live with and adapt to this condition in all the areas of their lives. Methods Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 9 parent-child dyads, each participating separately. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling, thanks to the combined efforts of a patient association (Genespoir) and professionals from the partner medical referral centers involved in the project. Dyads in which the individual with albinism had any comorbidity were excluded. The interviews were then transcribed and subjected to in-depth thematic analysis. Two codebooks were constructed in a mirrored process: one for people with albinism; the other for their parents. They were finally merged at the end of the coding step. Results Four main categories were identified: personal perceptions and social representations of albinism, difficulties and obstacles encountered by people with albinism, resources and facilitators, and the importance of parent-child functioning. The results indicated that experiences of stigmatization during childhood and adolescence are common and that people with albinism face challenges in adapting to certain obstacles related to their visual impairments (VI) (e.g., inability to drive a car; eye strain...). Parents emerged as one, if not as the main, source of support for people with albinism throughout their development. Although external support systems exist to assist them in various aspects of their lives, some of them primarily rely on their own personal resources to cope. Conclusions This research highlights the importance of a systemic and transdisciplinary approach to make sure families receive the support that best meets their needs.

Research risks have to meet minimal risk requirements in order for the research to qualify for expedited ethics review, to be exempted from ethics review, or to be granted consent waivers. The definition of "minimal risk" in the Common Rule (45 CFR 46) relies on the risks-of-daily-life and risks-of-routine-tests as comparators against which research activities are assessed to meet minimal risk requirements. While either or both comparators have been adopted by major ethics codes, they have also been criticized. In response to criticisms, elaborations, and alternative comparators have been proposed. In this paper, I approach the search for workable comparators from the point of view that ethical reasoning about minimal risk involves analogical reasoning using comparators. In this regard, I develop two necessary conditions for an adequate minimal risk conception, which I use to assess three comparators. I conclude that the risks-of-routine-tests best fits the analogical reasoning operating in minimal risk assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventions are strongly recommended for preschoolers experiencing participation difficulties in their daily life, regardless of whether or not they have a diagnosis. Best practices recommend that interventions should include the child's significant adults and be delivered in the child's environments. Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) has shown promising results in improving children's participation by supporting significant adults of school-aged children either with cerebral palsy or without a definite diagnosis, and of preschoolers with developmental coordination disorder. However, this approach has not yet been studied for preschoolers without a definite diagnosis. A multiple case study design was used to explore the interventions's feasibility for this population. Eight parents and three early childhood educators received OPC to help seven children (cases). Intra- and inter-case analyses were conducted to document the effects of the intervention on the children's participation and the caregivers' goals. All children had difficulties in their daily life, and most presented motor, sensory, behavioral and/or adaptive difficulties. Improvements in children's participation and significant adults' satisfaction as well as goal attainment were observed in most cases. Improvements were generally maintained at a three-month follow-up. These findings support the feasibility of OPC for significant adults of preschoolers with participation difficulties in daily life but no definite diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The impacts of migraine on daily life, including daily activities and fundamental health indicators (sleep and mental health), have not been described in detail for people with migraine in Japan. Methods: The cross-sectional ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment, and Care Of MigrainE (OVERCOME [Japan]) study was conducted between July and September 2020. Impacts of migraine on housework, family/social/leisure activities, driving, and sleep were assessed using questions from the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, and Impact of Migraine on Partners and Adolescent Children scales and questions developed for OVERCOME (Japan). The Migraine Interictal Burden Scale (MIBS-4) evaluated burden on days without headaches. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales, respectively. Impacts on daily life were also described across MIDAS/MIBS-4 categories. Results: Among 17,071 respondents with migraine, 24.8% required assistance with housework at least sometimes. Migraine interfered with relationships, leisure, and social activities at least sometimes for 31.8%, 41.6%, and 18.0% of respondents, respectively. Between headache days, 26.8% of respondents worried about planning social/leisure activities at least sometimes. Among respondents living with family (N = 13,548), migraine also had impacts on participation in and enjoyment of family activities. Among respondents who drove (N = 10,921), 43.9% reported that symptoms interfered with driving at least sometimes. Migraine interfered with sleep and mood at least sometimes for 52.7% and 70.7% of respondents, respectively. PHQ-8 and GAD-7 thresholds for clinical depression and anxiety were met by 28.6% and 22.0% of respondents, respectively. Impact of migraine on daily life increased with increasing severity of MIDAS/MIBS-4 categories. Conclusion: The burden of migraine on daily activities, sleep, and mental health is substantial for people with migraine in Japan. In clinical practice, it is important to evaluate the impact of migraine on daily life in addition to migraine symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, almost no research on the psychosocial implications of albinism has been conducted in France and an exploration of albinism-related experiences could be beneficial, in order to better understand this condition. The aim of this study was to examine how French people with albinism and their parents live with and adapt to this condition in all the areas of their lives. Methods: Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 9 parent-child dyads, each participating separately. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling, thanks to the combined efforts of a patient association (Genespoir) and professionals from the partner medical referral centers involved in the project. Dyads in which the individual with albinism had any comorbidity were excluded. The interviews were then transcribed and subjected to in-depth thematic analysis. Two codebooks were constructed in a mirrored process: one for people with albinism; the other for their parents. They were finally merged at the end of the coding step. Results: Four main categories were identified: personal perceptions and social representations of albinism, difficulties and obstacles encountered by people with albinism, resources and facilitators, and the importance of parent-child functioning. The results indicated that experiences of stigmatization during childhood and adolescence are common and that people with albinism face challenges in adapting to certain obstacles related to their visual impairments (VI) (e.g., inability to drive a car; eye strain...). Parents emerged as one, if not as the main, source of support for people with albinism throughout their development. Although external support systems exist to assist them in various aspects of their lives, some of them primarily rely on their own personal resources to cope. Conclusions: This research highlights the importance of a systemic and transdisciplinary approach to make sure families receive the support that best meets their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints of interestThe aim of this study is to better understand how COVID-19 risk and pandemic rules have impacted people with disabilities’ access to social support, daily life, and participation in the society in Munich. Data included interviews with fifteen people with disabilities and nine experts. The content analysis yielded five themes: prevention of COVID-19 infection and compliance with regulations; impact on daily life; access to healthcare; social support; and social inclusion. As long as there was continuous social support, people with disabilities were able to adapt to the new restrictions and regulations during the pandemic, despite the fact that the regulations were not adapted to their needs. In addition, lack of Internet access made it difficult to access healthcare, which led to social isolation and exclusion. The study shows that social support for people with disabilities should not be interrupted in times of crisis but should be continued more intensively.The COVID-19 pandemic in Munich has significantly reduced the inclusion of people with disabilities in society.Even cities, with relatively strong social service systems, such as Munich, may be unable to support people with disabilities in times of crisis if plans ensuring the continuity of the assistance mechanisms are not in place.The disturbance in social support has had a major negative impact on people with disabilities’ lifestyles and health status in Munich.The amount of social support received during a health crisis determines people’s social inclusion or exclusion. Therefore, social supports for people with disabilites must be expanded to include everyone in need and all areas of need, while also planning for future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-regulation often involves foregoing short-term pleasures and impulses in favor of long-term goals, such as pursuing a particular career, raising a family, or maintaining good health to promote longevity. Like many other fields in psychology, the study of self-regulation has experienced some growing pains in the wake of the replication crisis, with previously held theories called into question, including seemingly intuitive phenomena such as ego depletion. Despite these challenges, there is burgeoning interest in characterizing people's experiences of self-regulation success and failure in real world settings. In this review, I argue that utilizing tools and approaches from neuroscience will yield valuable insights into how self-regulatory processes are engaged in daily life, which in turn will refine and advance self-regulation models and theorizing, as well as generate new hypotheses. I also unpack some conceptual  and practical considerations when combining neuroscience methods with real-world assessment of behaviors, such as ecological momentary assessment. With these issues and points for consideration taken together, I hope this review will help pave a fruitful path forward for the field with implications for how we might become better self-regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ambulatory monitoring is gaining popularity in mental and somatic health care to capture an individual's wellbeing or treatment course in daily-life. Experience sampling method collects subjective time-series data of patients' experiences, behavior, and context. At the same time, digital devices allow for less intrusive collection of more objective time-series data with higher sampling frequencies and for prolonged sampling periods. We refer to these data as parallel data. Combining these two data types holds the promise to revolutionize health care. However, existing ambulatory monitoring guidelines are too specific to each data type, and lack overall directions on how to effectively combine them. Methods: Literature and expert opinions were integrated to formulate relevant guiding principles. Results: Experience sampling and parallel data must be approached as one holistic time series right from the start, at the study design stage. The fluctuation pattern and volatility of the different variables of interest must be well understood to ensure that these data are compatible. Data have to be collected and operationalized in a manner that the minimal common denominator is able to answer the research question with regard to temporal and disease severity resolution. Furthermore, recommendations are provided for device selection, data management, and analysis. Open science practices are also highlighted throughout. Finally, we provide a practical checklist with the delineated considerations and an open-source example demonstrating how to apply it. Conclusions: The provided considerations aim to structure and support researchers as they undertake the new challenges presented by this exciting multidisciplinary research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reexamines China's Thought Reform campaign in higher education through a college student's daily experience. Unlike previous research, which has examined the ideological effects of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) on faculty members, we focus on college students' thoughts, emotions, and behavior before, during, and after the Thought Reform campaign. On the basis of in-depth analysis of personal diaries and official archives, this article examines how a college student understood, accepted, and practiced revolutionary values and the conflicts that occurred during these practices. We argue that students selectively practiced revolutionary values following personal motivations, mainly focusing on the specific values that matched their daily concerns and interests. We also argue that, although the Thought Reform campaign consolidated the CCP's power in colleges and universities, it had little effect on individuals' desires to pursue personal interests and happiness in their daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of smart cities has led to transforming modern city operations by applying emerging technologies from the fourth industrial revolution such as the Internet of Things, BIM and machine learning. To prepare for the future development of cities, it is necessary to investigate the current status of city development, research topics and the direction toward future cities. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted following the combination of literature review guides by Kitchenham and the PRISMA statement. The review identified 141 peer-reviewed academic papers from web-based archives, such as Web of Science and SCOPUS, that were categorized into five topics related to smart cities and urban areas. The technologies applied in the research were analyzed to determine the direction future cities should take based on current smart cities and emerging technologies that will shape individuals' daily lives. However, it was discovered that research papers on critical areas, such as mobility and management, were lacking compared to those on building design and urban planning. This paper concludes with an example of a future urban area that has been transformed due to adoption of future mobility technology to address the shortcomings of the reviewed literature on building and urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeThe aim was to investigate the associations between cognitive impairment and biopsychosocial factors among older stroke survivors and predictors of poststroke return to daily life.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study involved 117 stroke survivors (61% men) with an average age of 77 years (range 65–91). The participants completed two questionnaires (Riksstroke and Short Form 36 questionnaires). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive abilities. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework guided the selection of biopsychosocial variables. We used Spearman’s correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression in the analyses.ResultsThe average MoCA score was 21.7 points (range: 4–30, SD 5.6). The need for assistance from relatives and professionals, need for help with dressing and household chores, reliance on others for mobility, and reading and balance problems were correlated with more severe cognitive impairment (r = 0.20–0.33). Cognitive impairment, fatigue, and balance issues predicted an unfavorable return to daily life (odds ratio: 6.2–6.8).ConclusionThe study indicated that cognitive impairment is associated with difficulties in all ICF domains. Cognitive impairment, fatigue, and balance issues are associated with an unsuccessful return to daily life. Prioritizing these factors and screening for cognitive impairment with objective assessment tools may improve rehabilitation outcomes and enhance overall quality of life poststroke.