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The present study approaches the micro-novel Dora Bruder by Patrick Modiano from the perspective of memory (and post-memory) which, through documentary work, restores the identity of the victims definitively annulled by the Nazi regime (victims who have no grave). Our hypothesis is that Modiano is building a literary cenotaph for Dora Bruder. For her part, Herta Müller tries, in at least two of her novels (The Land of Green Plums and The Appointment), to build for the victims of the Securitate (the Political Police in Communist Romania, during the neo-Stalinist regime under Nicolae Ceaușescu), a memorial, a literary tumulus. In this case, it is about victims who have a grave, but the author is building a second grave from an ethical point of view.

Monoliths of impressive dimensions, menhirs, dolmens and cromlechs are examples of the megalithic civilization which existed in the area of Afro-Eurasia, from Neolithic up to the Bronze Age included. And in the case of menhirs and dolmens, it is also about isolated presences, and about groups. Alignments are groups specific to menhirs: parallel catenations, equally distanced, of organized stones forming a true spacial composition, with the purpose of symbolizing solemn processions. The cromlech is a complex where many menhirs or/and dolmens were placed in concentric circles, here the spacial composition is even more obvious. The present material will refer also to the most complex and coherent megalithic ensemble in the world: Stonehenge Assembly.

Ogromne straty i traumatyczne doświadczenia związane z Great War pozostawiły trwały ślad w życiu milionów Brytyjczyków i ich rodzin. Budowa pomników, cmentarzy wojennych i rytuały rocznicowe upamiętniające poległych w dużej mierze kształtowały pamięć o I wojnie światowej, szczególnie żywą po zakończeniu wojny i w latach międzywojennych. Artykuł niniejszy jest próbą spojrzenia na pamięć Brytyjczyków o Great War po doświadczeniach II wojny światowej i współcześnie, z okazji setnej rocznicy I wojny światowej. Postrzeganie Great War oraz kreowanie pamięci zbiorowej o niej ulegały znacznym przemianom w kolejnych dekadach po 1945 r. Szczególnie aktywną rolę w podtrzymywaniu pamięci o I wojnie światowej odegrali weterani i ich rodziny. Oral history, programy telewizyjne, wywiady z udziałem ostatnich weteranów, uczestników i świadków wojny wpłynęły na zwiększone zainteresowanie Great War w latach osiemdziesiątych XX w. i kolejnych dekadach. Uroczystości setnej rocznicy I wojny światowej, obchodzone w latach 2014–2018, liczne inicjatywy i sposoby upamiętniania wydarzeń sprzed wieku, odegrały ważną rolę w upowszechnieniu popularnego obrazu I wojny światowej wśród dzisiejszych Brytyjczyków, a także podtrzymywaniu pamięci o niej kolejnych pokoleń.

Monoliths of impressive dimensions, menhirs, dolmens and cromlechs are examples of the megalithic civilization which existed in the area of Afro-Eurasia, from Neolithic up to the Bronze Age included. And in the case of menhirs and dolmens, it is also about isolated presences, and about groups. Alignments are groups specific to menhirs: parallel catenations, equally distanced, of organized stones forming a true spacial composition, with the purpose of symbolizing solemn processions. The cromlech is a complex where many menhirs or/and dolmens were placed in concentric circles, here the spacial composition is even more obvious. The present material will refer also to the most complex and coherent megalithic ensemble in the world: Stonehenge Assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the cessation of hostilities in Europe in 1945, a debate ensued in colonial Zambia on what was the best tribute to dedicate to its servicemen who had lost their lives in the Second World War. On the one hand, the colonial government advocated for conventional forms of a war memorial such as statues, obelisks, and triumphal arches. On the other side, African servicemen supported the idea of 'living memorials' in form of useful projects such as educational institutions, clinics or community centres. In the end, proponents of traditional memorials won this contest—eventually leading to the erection of a cenotaph in the heart of the seat of government. Using data from the National Archives of Zambia, this article argues that the erection of a cenotaph, was another blow to African servicemen who felt cheated by colonial authorities in the way they were to forever honour their dear departed compatriots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study approaches the micro-novel Dora Bruder by Patrick Modiano from the perspective of memory (and post-memory) which, through documentary work, restores the identity of the victims definitively annulled by the Nazi regime (victims who have no grave). Our hypothesis is that Modiano is building a literary cenotaph for Dora Bruder. For her part, Herta Müller tries, in at least two of her novels (The Land of Green Plums and The Appointment), to build for the victims of the Securitate (the Political Police in Communist Romania, during the neo-Stalinist regime under Nicolae Ceaușescu), a memorial, a literary tumulus. In this case, it is about victims who have a grave, but the author is building a second grave from an ethical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adalya is the property of Koc University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human burials in cemeteries have mostly been observed since the beginning of the third millennium BCE in areas of Southeast Iran and South Uzbekistan. The emergence of Urban Societies brought specific economic, social and cultural traits such as social classes, elites, craft specialization, long-distance trade, etc. Some of the latter traits can be traced in the archaeological evidence from cemeteries on the Iranian Plateau and the Oxus Civilization (also known as Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, BMAC. Although the evidence discovered from the graves informs us about objective issues, it also offers valuable information about subjective issues and ritual practice. The aim of this article is two-folded: firstly, to analyse comparatively the graves without skeletons found at two sites (i.e. Shahr-i-Sokhta and Djarkutan) in the above-mentioned areas and dated to the third millennium BCE; and secondly, to assess commons aspects in this kind of the graves at both sites. Many scholars have named this kind of the graves as “Cenotaph”, while in this article they are labelled as “Memorial Grave”.

This paper critically evaluates how archaeologists define 'grave goods' in relation to the full spectrum of depositional contexts available to people in the past, including hoards, rivers and other 'special' deposits. Developing the argument that variations in artefact deposition over time and space can only be understood if different 'types' of find location are considered together holistically, we contend that it is also vital to look at the points where traditionally defined contexts of deposition become blurred into one another. In this paper, we investigate one particular such category – body-less object deposits at funerary sites – in later prehistoric Britain. This category of evidence has never previously been analysed collectively, let alone over the extended time period considered here. On the basis of a substantial body of evidence collected as part of a nationwide survey, we demonstrate that body-less object deposits were a significant component of funerary sites during later prehistory. Consequently, we go on to question whether human remains were actually always a necessary element of funerary deposits for prehistoric people, suggesting that the absence of human bone could be a positive attribute rather than simply a negative outcome of taphonomic processes. We also argue that modern, fixed depositional categories sometimes serve to mask a full understanding of the complex realities of past practice and ask whether it might be productive in some instances to move beyond interpretively confining terms such as 'grave', 'hoard' and 'cenotaph'. Our research demonstrates that is it not only interesting in itself to scrutinize archaeological evidence that does not easily fit into traditional narratives, but that the process of doing so also sheds new light on the validity of our present-day categories, enabling deeper insights into how people in the past ordered their material and conceptual worlds. Whilst our main focus is later prehistoric Britain, the issues we consider are potentially relevant across all periods and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the spatial landscape of Hong Kong's earliest imperial war monument, the Cenotaph, from the city's early colonial past to the 1960s. Hong Kong's Cenotaph, which is an almost exact replica of London's Whitehall Cenotaph, reveals how the British Empire established its imperial visual network in its colonies in the early 20th century. However, the prewar visual representation of the royal authorities through the statues of royal members in the colony's central square was replaced by politically neutral designs for civic use after the end of WWII. Through the exploration of the change of meaning of this monumental space in relation to its neighboring environment, I argue that the end of WWII, the social upheavals in the 1960s and the consequent "depoliticization" of British colonial rule have transformed the early war commemorative artefacts in Hong Kong, marginalizing them in the city's major narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio F: Historia is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Singapore Cenotaph is a First World War memorial built when the island-city was a British colony. The design of the monument and its use in Remembrance Day celebrations by the British colonial administration departed from the less overtly patriotic commemorative practices common in Europe in the 1920s. Regardless of the social significance the British administration hoped to vest in the monument when it was commissioned, contemporary English- and Chinese-language sources indicate that British authorities had little control over this 'sacred' space at the heart of their administrative capital, and the Asian populations of Singapore freely interpreted it as they wished, sometimes reworking the official meaning to suit their own ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking its cue from a phrase in a wartime sermon by the Bishop of London, Arthur Winnington-Ingram, this article examines the tensions between Christian and more secular approaches to the commemoration of the military casualties of the First World War. An initial overview of perceptions of sacrifice, martyrdom and Christian militarism in the early twentieth century is followed by discussion, in turn, of local war memorials, of the early policies of the Imperial (now Commonwealth) War Graves Commission, and of the arrangements for the dedication of the Cenotaph and the interment of the ‘Unknown Warrior’ in Westminster Abbey on Armistice Day 1920. At the local and institutional level a wide spectrum of approaches between the overtly Christian and the robustly secular were adopted, but national memorialisation required compromise and consensus. Hence it was agreed that the war cemeteries should includebotha Cross of Sacrifice and Stone of Remembrance, and that there should be uniform headstones engraved with a cross or other religious symbol. Similarly the primarily (but not exclusively) secular ceremonial at the Cenotaph was seamlessly linked to the Christian funeral service for the Unknown in the Abbey. At the same time non-Christian faiths were accorded significant recognition. While other belligerent powers faced similar issues, and in some respects adopted similar solutions, in Britain there was nevertheless a distinctive and particularly pronounced blending of the Christian and the national which has had an abiding legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The recently discovered literary papyrus P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309 reveals that, in ancient times, epitaphs for those drowned at sea formed an independent epigrammatic category and not a mere subgenre of funerary epigram as we have hitherto been used to think, in keeping with the Byzantine Greek Anthology . The section Nauagika contains six poems, most of which employ the common cenotaph theme (cf. 89, 91, 93 A-B), but we also find the rare topic of the gravestone in loco (94 A-B). It is evident that Posidippus drew his inspiration from a well-documented thematic repertory but revisited it in light of the Hellenistic criterion of oppositio in imitando . It is, moreover, noteworthy that in 93.3 A-B we find an early instance of the topical funerary wish sit tibi terra levis . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The city of Bristol was one of the last major cities in Great Britain to unveil a civic memorial to commemorate the Great War 1914–1918. After Leicester (1925), Coventry (1927) and Liverpool (1930), Bristol''s Cenotaph was unveiled in 1932, 14 years after the Armistice. During that lapse, its location, source of funding, and commemorative function were the focus of widespread disagreement and division in the city. This paper examines the nature of these disputes. The authors suggest that the tensions in locating a war memorial may have their origins in historic enmities between political and religious factions in the city. By examining in detail the source and manifestations of these disputes, the authors offer a detailed exemplar of how memory is shaped and controlled in British urban spaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]