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The systematics of the annual species of the Campanula lusita - nica complex in the Western Mediterranean is reviewed using ITS sequences, karyology and morphology of all species of the complex. The information provided by these three sources is consistent, and the species are reorganized into two groups with the rank of section: Campanula sect. Rapunculus Boiss. and Campanula sect. Decumbentes, the latter described as new in this work. These sections comprise two well-defined subclades in the phylogenetic analyses. Sect. Rapunculus is composed, in the W Mediterranean region, by C. lusitanica L. and C. matritensis A. DC., both with 2n = 18 chromosomes, and C. cabezudoi Cano-Maqueda & Talavera, C. specularioides Coss., C. transtagana R. Fern., and C. broussonetiana Schult., all with 2n = 20 chromosomes. In the Iberian Peninsula, Sect. Decumbentes com prises two endemic species, C. decumbens A. DC. with 2n = 32 chromosomes and C. dieckii Lange with 2n = 28 chromosomes. In C. decumbens a new subspecies is described: C. decumbens subsp. baetica Cano-Maqueda & Talavera, which occurs in the Guadalquivir valley. In the formal systematic part we provide a key to identify these annual species of the Western Mediterranean, with a description and typification, photographs of flowers and fruits, distribution maps, and comments on the habitat for each taxon. En este trabajo se revisa la sistemática de las especies anuales del complejo Campanula lusitanica en el occidente del Mediterráneo usando secuencias ITS, cariología y análisis de los caracteres morfológicos de todas las especies del complejo. La información proporcionada por estas tres fuentes de caracteres es congruente, y las distintas especies se reorganizan en dos grupos principales con categoría de sección, que se corresponden con los dos subclados bien definidos: Campanula sect. Rapunculus Boiss. y Campanula sect. Decumbentes, descrita como nueva en este trabajo. En el Mediterráneo occidental, la sect. Rapunculus está formada por las siguientes especies anuales: C. lusitanica L. y C. matritensis A. DC., con 2n = 18 cromosomas, y C. cabezudoi Cano-Maqueda & Talavera, C. specularioides Coss., C. transtagana R. Fern. y C. broussonetiana Schult., con 2n = 20 cromosomas. En la Península Ibérica la sect. Decumbentes está representada por C. decumbens A. DC., con 2n = 32 cromosomas, y C. dieckii Lange, con 2n = 28 cromosomas, ambas endémicas de la Península Ibérica; de C. decumbens se describe una subespecie nueva: C. decumbens subsp. baetica Cano-Maqueda & Talavera, taxon del valle del Guadalquivir muy bien diferenciado morfológicamente de la subsp. decumbens. En la parte sistemática se proporciona una clave para la identificación de estas especies anuales del oeste del Mediterráneo, así como una descripción y tipificación, fotografías de las flores y frutos, mapas de distribución, y aspectos de la ecología para cada uno de los táxones. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia REM2002-04354-C02-02, CGL2005-01951, CGL2006-00817, CGL2009-08178, BES-2003-0332

We describe a new species of Astragalus section Sesamei from the semiarid zone of SE Spain: Astragalus castroviejoi. Morphologically the new species resembles A. sesameus L. and A. stella L. and we provide a key to distinguish the three species. A. castroviejoi is a diploid species with 2n = 16, the same chromosome number as A. sesameus and A. stella. We provide an image of the karyotype, together with an illustration of the new species and a map of its distribution. Since the existing populations are restricted in area, we also provide an estimate of the conservartion status of this species according to the criteria of the IUCN. En este trabajo se describe una especie nueva de la zona semiárida del SE de España perteneciente a la sección Sesamei del género Astragalus: Astragalus castroviejoi. En lo morfológico, esta especie se parece a A. sesameus L. y A. stella L., por lo que se aporta una clave para la identificación de estas tres especies. A. castroviejoi es una especie diploide con 2n = 16, el mismo número cromosomático de A. sesameus y A. stella. Se da la descripción del cariótipo y se aporta la iconografía de la especie y un mapa de distribución. Como los núcleos poblacionales son pequeños se hace también una valoración, siguiendo los criterios de la IUCN, del estado de conservación de la especie.

We describe a new species of Astragalus section Sesamei from the semiarid zone of SE Spain: Astragalus castroviejoi. Morphologically the new species resembles A. sesameus L. and A. stella L. and we provide a key to distinguish the three species. A. castroviejoi is a diploid species with 2n = 16, the same chromosome number as A. sesameus and A. stella. We provide an image of the karyotype, together with an illustration of the new species and a map of its distribution. Since the existing populations are restricted in area, we also provide an estimate of the conservartion status of this species according to the criteria of the IUCN.En este trabajo se describe una especie nueva de la zona semiárida del SE de España perteneciente a la sección Sesamei del género Astragalus: Astragalus castroviejoi. En lo morfológico, esta especie se parece a A. sesameus L. y A. stella L., por lo que se aporta una clave para la identificación de estas tres especies. A. castroviejoi es una especie diploide con 2n = 16, el mismo número cromosomático de A. sesameus y A. stella. Se da la descripción del cariótipo y se aporta la iconografía de la especie y un mapa de distribución. Como los núcleos poblacionales son pequeños se hace también una valoración, siguiendo los criterios de la IUCN, del estado de conservación de la especie.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of two fluorescent dyes and Laser Fluorescence (LF) device in detecting smooth and occlusal natural caries in primary teeth in vitro.Methods: Measurements were performed with the LF and with LF associated with tetrakis (N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (LF TMPyP) and protoporphyrin IX (LF PPIX) in 72 smooth (63 primary molars) and 134 occlusal sites (81 primary molars). For validation, surfaces were sectioned and sections obtained were evaluated under stereomicroscope. Smooth surfaces were also evaluated using polarized light microscopy and Knoop microhardness. For both smooth and occlusal surfaces, ROC analyses were performed, and sensitivities, specificities and accuracies were assessed. In smooth surfaces, Pearson’s correlation coefficients between LF values and lesions hardness or lesions depth were calculated.Results: LF TMPyP presented higher correlation with hardness and lesion depth than other methods in smooth surfaces. No differences were observed in other parameters among the methods, in both smooth and occlusal surfaces.Relevance: The LF TMPyP might improve performance in quantifying smooth-surface caries lesions in primary teeth. However, the sensitivity is improved at D2 (caries extending into inner half of the enamel but not to amelodentinal junction) threshold when using PPIX in smooth caries lesions. The association of LF with fluorescent dyes does not improve the performance on occlusal caries.

Karyotype analyses of eight species of the Quercus genus were performed and are reported here. Five species (Q. candicans, Q. crassifolia, Q. elliptica, Q. hintonii and Q. urbanii) belong to the Lobatae section and three (Q. frutex, Q. obtusata and Q. rugosa) to the Quercus section. This is the first report of the chromosome numbers of all of them except Q. rugosa, and demonstrate that they are diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and the karyotypes are moderately asymmetrical.Se han realizado los estudios cariológicos de ocho especies del género Quercus, de las cuales cinco (Q. candicans, Q. crassifolia, Q. elliptica, Q. hintonii y Q. urbanii) pertenecen a la sección Lobatae y tres (Q. frutex, Q. obtusata y Q. rugosa) a la sección Quercus. Se indica por primera vez el número cromosómico de todas ellas excepto Q. rugosa. En todos los casos se trata de diploides (2n = 2x = 24) con cariotipos moderadamente asimétricos.

Populations of Scilla beirana Samp. were sampled in NW Portugal and compared with its relatives S. ramburei Boiss, and S. peruviana L. Leaf and scape anatomy, morphology, chromosome number and idiogram were identical in S. beirana and S. ramburei, but differed from S. peruviana. Diagnostic characters previously used to discriminate S. beirana (width of leaves and flower number) showed continuous, but not clinal, variation, and failed to provide a clear-cut basis for identification and no other morphological attributes were found to separate the taxa. All available evidence suggests that S. beirana should be put into synonymy with S. ramburei, as was earlier suggested by COUTINHO (1935).Se muestreó Scilla beirana Samp. en diversas poblaciones del noroeste de Portugal y se comparó con dos táxones con los que se había relacionado previamente, S. ramburei Boiss, y S. peruviana L. La macromorfología, la anatomía de la hoja y escapo, el número cromosomático y el idiograma de S. beirana y S. ramburei fueron indistinguibles, pero diferentes de los de S. peruviana. Los caracteres diagnósticos que se habían utilizado previamente para discriminar a S. beirana -anchura foliar y número de flores- revelaron una variación continua y no permitieron diferenciarla de S. ramburei, en la cual debería ser incluida como sinónimo, tal como había sugerido COUTINHO (1935).

The genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) comprise around 160 species spread out mainly in South and Central Americas with few African species, some of them with potential medicinal use. Brazil is one the most important centers of diversity with approximately 75% of the species described so far. Innumerous species are endemic and poorly studied especially at a cytological level. Here, chromosomal length, karyomorphology and chromosome asymmetry of twelve Brazilian species of Lippia were evaluated [L. alba (Miller) N.E.Brown, L. diamantinensis Glaz., L. florida Cham., L. hermanioides Cham., L. lacunosa Mart. & Schauer, L. lupulina Cham., L. pohliana Schauer, L. pseudothea (St. Hil) Schauer, L. rosella Moldenke, L. rotundifolia Cham., L. rubella Moldenke and L. sidoides Cham.]. The analysis suggested that the genus has a variable chromosome number (from 2n = 20 to 2n = 56) originated by dysploidy and polyploidy. This is the first description of chromosome morphology for 11 of the 12 Lippia species studied.O gênero Lippia (Verbenaceae) possui cerca de 160 espécies distribuídas principalmente nas Américas Central e do Sul com poucas espécies Africanas, algumas delas com potencial uso medicinal. O Brasil é um dos mais importantes centros de diversidade com aproximadamente 75% das espécies descritas. Inúmeras espécies são endêmicas e pouco estudadas, principalmente a nível citológico. Aqui, o comprimento cromossômico, a cariomorfologia e a assimetria cromossômica de doze espécies brasileiras de Lippia foram avaliados [L. alba (Miller) N.E.Brown, L. diamantinensis Glaz., L. florida Cham., L. hermanioides Cham., L. lacunosa Mart. & Schauer, L. lupulina Cham., L. pohliana Schauer, L. pseudothea (St. Hil) Schauer, L. rosella Moldenke, L. rotundifolia Cham., L. rubella Moldenke e L. sidoides Cham.]. As análises sugeriram que o gênero tem um número cromossômico variável (de 2n = 20 a 2n = 56) originado por disploidia e poliploidia. Esta é a primeira descrição da morfologia cromossômica para 11 das 12 espécies de Lippia estudadas.

Both chromosome numbers and karyotype structure from 15 wild North-African populations of Delphinium L. sect. Delphinium were studied. Delphinium balansae Boiss. & Reuter, with a more symmetrical karyotype, appears as a possible perennial ancestor of' the remaining annuals with highly asymmetrical and shorter karyotype. A taxonomical reorganization of this section is proposed: two new series (ser. Macropetala ser. nova and ser. Balansae ser. nova.) and two new nomenclatural combinations (D. nanum subsp. alboliliaceum and D. nanum subsp. elongatum) are proposed. S'han estudiat els nombres cromosòmics i l'estructura deis cariotipus de 15 poblacions nordafricanes de Delphinium L. sect. Delphinium. Delphinium balansae Boiss. & Reuter, amb cariotipus mes simètric, apareix com a possible ancestre perenne de la resta d’espècies anuals amb cariotipus més asimètric i més curt. Es proposa una reorganització taxonòmica de la secció, d'on es descriu en dues series noves (ser. Macropetala ser. nova i ser. Balansae ser. nova.) i es proposen dues combinacions noves (D. nanum subsp. alboliliaceum and D. nanum subsp. elongatum).

Objetivo: Comparar o material restaurador indicado no tratamento de dentes posteriores de acordo com o ensino e realização dos tratamentos em duas Faculdades de Odontologia (UFRGS e ULBRA) e em 8 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) do Sistema de Saúde Pública em Porto Alegre, Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Os dados referentes ao ensino de procedimentos restauradores utilizando amálgama (AM) ou resina composta (RC) foram obtidos através da análise de prontuários de pacientes a questionários aplicados aos estudantes de Odontologia do último ano. Informações sobre os procedimentos restauradores nas UBS foram obtidas através de prontuários de pacientes e de questionários aplicados aos dentistas. O tipo de material restaurador utilizado nas Faculdade de Odontologia e nas UBS foram comparados através de teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Na UFRGS, 327 restaurações foram realizadas, sendo 78,28% RC e 21,72% AM; na ULBRA, 366 restaurações foram efetuadas, sendo 92,63% RC e 7,37% AM. Nas UBS, 1664 restaurações foram realizadas, sendo 35,93% RC e 64,07% AM. Uma maior proporção de restaurações de AM foram realizadas no Serviço Público de Saúde em comparação às Faculdades de Odontologia, nas quais restaurações com RC foram mais prevalentes (p=0.000). Conclusões: A mudança de AM para RC na escolha do material restaurador para dentes posteriores em Faculdades de Odontologia não foi seguida pelo Sistema Público de Saúde, onde o AM ainda é largamente utilizado, Purpose: To compare the restorative material used in the treatment of posterior teeth taught and performed in two Dental Schools (UFRGS and ULBRA) and in 8 basic health units (BHU) from the Public Health System in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Materials and methods: Data referring the teaching of restorative procedures using amalgam (AM) or resin (R) were obtained through the analysis of patient’s files and questionnaires applied to final year dental students. Information regarding restorative procedures at BHU was obtained through patient’s records and a questionnaire applied to the dentists. The type of restorative material used in both BHU and Dental Schools were compared by chi-square test. Results: At UFRGS, 327 restorations were performed, 78.28% R and 21.72% AM, and at ULBRA 366 restorations, 92.63% R and 7.37% AM. At BHU, 1664 restorations were performed (35.93% R and 64.07% AM). A major proportion of AM restorations was performed in the Public Health Service in comparison to both Dental Schools, in which resin restorations prevailed (p=0.000). Conclusion: The change from AM to R in the dental material choice for posterior teeth at Dental Schools was not followed by the Public Health System, where the AM is still widely used in posterior teeth.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-13T16:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 OBJETIVO: Comparar prevalência de cárie, capacidade tamponante da saliva (CTS), higiene bucal (HB), hábitos dietéticos, renda familiar (RF) e frequência de visita a consultórios odontológicos (Co) entre crianças brasileiras residentes em áreas de água de abastecimento público fluoretadas e não fluoretadas. METODOLOGIA: Quarenta e seis crianças entre 5-7 anos foram selecionadas em Itatiba-SP-Brasil, sendo 19 pertencentes à área fluoretada e 27 à área não fluoretada. O índice de cárie foi determinado de acordo com o critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde e a CTS foi medida por titulação com ácido clorídrico. A RF, frequência de HB e visita ao Co foram estimadas por questionário. Os hábitos dietéticos foram avaliados com diário de dieta. As diferenças entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste de Mann Whitney (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: As crianças da área não fluoretada apresentaram significativamente maior ceod/CPOD que àquelas da área fluoretada, porém significativamente menor CTS, HB e RF. Com relação a hábitos dietéticos e visitas ao Co, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as áreas. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças da área fluoretada apresentaram maior capacidade tamponante da saliva, renda familiar e frequência de higiene bucal, assim como menor prevalência de cárie, reforçando o efeito benéfico do flúor nas águas de abastecimento para prevenir a cárie. PURPOSE: To compare the caries prevalence, saliva buffering capacity (SBC), oral hygiene (OH), dietary habits, family income (FI) and frequency of visits to a dental office (Do) between Brazilian children living in areas with and without fluoridated public water supply. METHODS: Forty-six 5-7-year-old preschoolers were selected in Itatiba, SP, Brazil; 19 were from a fluoridated area, and 27 were from a non-fluoridated area. The caries index was determined according to the World Health Organization criteria, and the SBC was assessed by titration with hydrochloric acid. The FI, frequency of OH and visits to Do were estimated by questionnaire. The dietary habits were assessed with a diet chart. The differences between the groups were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Children from the non-fluoridated area showed significantly higher dmft/DMFT than those from the fluoridated area, but they showed significantly lower SBC, OH frequency and FI. No significant differences were observed between the areas for dietary habits and visits to Do. CONCLUSION: Children from fluoridated areas showed higher salivary buffering capacity, family income and oral hygiene frequency as well as lower caries prevalence, supporting the beneficial effect of fluoride in the tap water for caries prevention. University of Campinas Piracicaba Dental School Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of São Paulo Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru Department of Stomatology University of Campinas Piracicaba Dental School Department of Dental Materials City Hall of Itatiba State University of São Paulo Araraquara Chemical Institute Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology

12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables., [EN] Dysploidy and polyploidy are well documented in the large genus Centaurea, especially in sect. Acrocentron and in a small group of species from the Iberian Peninsula described as sect. Chamaecyanus, closely related to Acrocentron. We have explored two interesting cases of polyploid series in both sections: the polyploid series of Centaurea toletana in sect. Chamaecyanus and the series of C. ornata group in sect. Acrocentron. We have carried out a karyological study using both classic karyotype analyses and chromosome banding with fluorochromes., The C. toletana complex exhibits three different ploidy levels, diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid, the latter usually considered a different species, C. argecillensis. Our results do not contradict the original hypothesis of tetraploid C. toletana being an autopolyploid, but they suggest that this case of autopolyploidy, as many others, is the result of multiple events of polyploidization., Regarding C. argecillensis, our results confirm that it is an allopolyploid originated by hybridization of C. toletana and an unknown species. The colonizing habit of C. argecillensis, as it was the case of tetraploid C. toletana, suggests that the allopolyploid has multiple origins., The C. ornata complex exhibits four ploidy levels, diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and endecaploid. In this section, however, the banding patterns have not helped us to determine the relation between the polyploid series and neither have allowed us to confirm the hypothesis of the possible progenitors of C. kunkelii., [CAT] La disploïdia i la poliploïdia són fenòmens que estan ben documentats dins del gènere Centaurea, especialment en la sect. Acrocentron i en un petit grup d’espècies de la Península Ibèrica descrit com a sect. Chamaecyanus, estretament relacionada amb Acrocentron. Hem estudiat dos casos interessants de sèries poliploides d’ambdues seccions: la sèrie poliploide de Centaurea toletana de la sect. Chamaecyanus i la sèrie de C. ornata de la sect. Acrocentron. Hem realitzat un estudi cariològic utilitzant les anàlisis de cariotip clàssiques i el bandeig de cromosomes amb fluorocroms., El complex de C. toletana presenta tres nivells diferents de ploïdia, diploide, tetraploide i hexaploide, aquest últim ha estat normalment considerat com una espècie diferent, C. argecillensis. Els resultats obtinguts no contradiuen la hipòtesi original que l’espècie tetraploide C. toletana sigui un autopoliploide, però suggereixen que aquest cas d’autopoliploïdia, com molts altres, és el resultat de múltiples esdeveniments de poliploïdització. Pel que fa a C. argecillensis, els nostres resultats confirmen que és un al·lopoliploide que es va originar per hibridació de C. toletana i una espècie desconeguda. A més, tractant-se d’una espècie colonitzadora, igual que l’espècie tetraploide C. toletana, es suggereix que l’al·lopoliploïdia té orígens múltiples., El complex de C. ornata presenta quatre nivells de ploïdia, diploide, tetraploide, hexaploide i hendecaploide. En aquesta secció, però, els patrons de les bandes no ens han ajudat a determinar la relació entre la sèrie poliploide i tampoc no ens han permès confirmar la hipòtesi dels possibles progenitors de C. kunkelii., Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (projects CGL2004-04563-C02-01/BOS, CGL2004-04563-C02-02/BOS and CGL2006-01765/BOS) and the Generalitat de Catalunya ("Ajuts a Grups de Recerca Consolidats" 2005/SGR/00344).

Tese de doutoramento em Medicina Dentária (Cariologia e Dentisteria Operatória), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2008 Nível de preservação: critical, Criado em: 2008-06-09 14:25:21, Criado por: super:MARTA, Alterado em: 2009-08-12 13:36:05, Modificado por: super:ULB59 Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-15T16:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 16206_PhD%20Thesis.pdf: 170688964 bytes, checksum: 750bb3434f9b0cf5a25ac965f55af198 (MD5) 16206.xml: 5710 bytes, checksum: e69e59c6ed3ca4defaabe97830a64cbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008