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To investigate the quantitative relationship between the volume capture of rainfall and carbon emissions from bioretention facilities, this study introduces the concept of the carbon intensity of volume capture of rainfall. The influence of four key factors—climatic conditions, aquifer height, permeability coefficient, and facility area—was investigated using a residential neighborhood in Tianshui, China, as an example. The results reveal that the carbon intensity value is influenced not only by external environmental changes but also by the inherent attributes of bioretention facilities, such as aquifer height, permeability coefficient, and facility area. The maximum carbon intensity value for the volume capture of rainfall was −0.0005 kg CO2/m3, while the minimum was −0.0852 kg CO2/m3, representing a substantial difference of approximately 169 times. Orthogonal experiments identified the facility area as the most significant influencing factor on carbon intensity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.0520. The area of bioretention facilities can be prioritized to meet deployment requirements, taking into account volume capture reduction effects and carbon emissions. For facilities with a high carbon intensity, an emphasis should be placed on enhancing carbon reduction benefits, and various initiatives can be implemented to achieve this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the quantitative relationship between the volume capture of rainfall and carbon emissions from bioretention facilities, this study introduces the concept of the carbon intensity of volume capture of rainfall. The influence of four key factors—climatic conditions, aquifer height, permeability coefficient, and facility area—was investigated using a residential neighborhood in Tianshui, China, as an example. The results reveal that the carbon intensity value is influenced not only by external environmental changes but also by the inherent attributes of bioretention facilities, such as aquifer height, permeability coefficient, and facility area. The maximum carbon intensity value for the volume capture of rainfall was −0.0005 kg CO2/m3, while the minimum was −0.0852 kg CO2/m3, representing a substantial difference of approximately 169 times. Orthogonal experiments identified the facility area as the most significant influencing factor on carbon intensity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.0520. The area of bioretention facilities can be prioritized to meet deployment requirements, taking into account volume capture reduction effects and carbon emissions. For facilities with a high carbon intensity, an emphasis should be placed on enhancing carbon reduction benefits, and various initiatives can be implemented to achieve this goal.

In response to the international agreement on the climate change and the energy supply diversification, the Taiwan government actively promoted the use of wind power since 2000. This paper highlighted the Taiwan's wind resources, and interactively analyzed the regulatory strategies for promoting wind power and trend analysis of wind power over the two past decades (2000–2019). In the first development stage, the electricity generation by onshore wind power rapidly grew from 1.38 gigawatt-hours (GW-h) in 2000 to 1,492.7 GW-h in 2011 because of the implementations of promotional measures and official subsidies. However, its growth rate became slow due to the restrictions on available land for the onshore wind power farms. With the promulgation of the Renewable Energy Development Act in 2009, the government not only declared preferable feed-in-tariff (FIT) rates, but also announced some incentive and promotional plans, focusing on offshore wind power farms from the early 2010s. Therefore, the electricity generation by offshore wind power significantly increased from 26.7 GW-h in 2018 to 175.4 GW-h in 2019. Using the data on the electricity generation by wind power in 2019 (i.e., 1,871.3 × 106 kW-h) and the average default value (i.e., 0.539 kg CO2/kW-h), the equivalent mitigation of CO2 emission from the wind power systems in Taiwan was thus estimated to be about one million metric tons. Based on the progressive development of wind power and other renewable resources over the past two decades, one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for nuclear-free homeland and 20% renewable electricity generation may be prospective in the energy transition by 2025. However, this goal has faced serious challenges because the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused the delays in the Taiwanese wind power industry.