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Bima is one of the regions in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The Bima script is a cultural heritage used as a means of communication by the Bima community in the past. The decline in the use of the Bima script threatens cultural heritage. The government has addressed this issue by providing training to teachers to teach it in schools, but this has still been insufficient due to the limited number of teachers participating in the training. Therefore, one efficient method to assist with this issue is by leveraging modern technology, particularly through machine learning for handwriting recognition. This study aims to find the best CNN model for recognizing the Bima script with diacritics to help preserve Bima's cultural heritage through handwriting recognition. The CNN model is combined with hyperparameter tuning, and then testing is conducted in four different scenarios to evaluate the performance of each model architecture and hyperparameter variation to find the best combination. The dataset used is sourced from the Kaggle platform, and augmentation is performed to increase the total number of images to 6,750, with each image containing 75 images in 90 different classes. In this study, testing is done by dividing the dataset into training and testing sets in an 80:20 ratio. The test results show high performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.00%, precision of 98.19%, recall of 98.00%, and f1-score of 98.00% in scenario 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify reproductife disorders in female cattle raised by farmers in Woha Sub-district, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The study involves the identification of 141 female cattle (56 heifers and 85 cows). The research is carried out by bringing the cattle to the designated locations determined by the farmers’ group leader, which includes fields and barns. Data collection is conducted through rectal examination of the reproductive system and analysis of records from farmers and officials. The research method includes several stages, namely anamnesis, clinical examination, and rectal examination of the reproductive system. The obtained data is then recorded and analyzed descriptively. Based on the examination results, it is known that 210 female cattle experienced reproductive disorders, including silent heat (4.55%), vaginitis (21.8%), follicular cysts (12.73%), persistent corpus luteum (11.82%), ovarian hypofunction (5.45%), and endometritis (20.91%) of cows and silent heat (8%), vaginitis (28%), follicular cysts (12.73 %) corpus luteum persisten (15 %), and ovarian hypofunction (5%) of heifers.

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Science / Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan is the property of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei causes human melioidosis, which can infect the brain, leading to encephalitis and brain abscesses. Infection of the nervous system is a rare condition but is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Burkholderia intracellular motility A (BimA) was reported to play an important role in the invasion and infection of the central nervous system in a mouse model. Thus, to gain insight of the cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis, we explored the human neuronal proteomics to identify the host factors that are up- and downregulated during Burkholderia infection. When infected the SH-SY5Y cells with B. pseudomallei K96243 wild-type (WT), 194 host proteins showed a fold change of >2 compared with uninfected cells. Moreover, 123 proteins showed a fold change of >2 when infected with a knockout bimA mutant (ΔbimA) mutant compared with WT. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with metabolic pathways and pathways linked to human diseases. Importantly, we observed the downregulation of proteins in the apoptosis and cytotoxicity pathway, and in vitro investigation with the ΔbimA mutant revealed the association of BimA with the induction of these pathways. Additionally, we disclosed that BimA was not required for invasion into the neuron cell line but was necessary for effective intracellular replication and multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation. These findings show the extraordinary capacity of B. pseudomallei in subverting and interfering with host cellular systems to establish infection and extend our understanding of B. pseudomallei BimA involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis. IMPORTANCE Neurological melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, can result in severe neurological damage and enhance the mortality rate of melioidosis patients. We investigate the involvement of the virulent factor BimA, which mediates actin-based motility, in the intracellular infection of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Using proteomics-based analysis, we provide a list of host factors exploited by B. pseudomallei. The expression level of selected downregulated proteins in neuron cells infected with the ΔbimA mutant was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and was consistent with our proteomic data. The role of BimA in the apoptosis and cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells infected by B. pseudomallei was uncovered in this study. Additionally, our research demonstrates that BimA is required for successful intracellular survival and cell fusion upon infection of neuron cells. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei infections and developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease.

Address forms have been studied in various contexts, and it has been assumed that the determining dimensions are solidarity, including closeness and equality, and power, including distance and hierarchy. Solidarity is indexed with singular forms while power is represented with plural forms. Using ethnography of communication framework, this study enriches this discussion by examining the use of address forms by Bima people in a multilingual community in Bima, Indonesia, where Bima, Indonesian and other languages in contact have been used for centuries. Address forms including speaker reference forms were identified and classified in 1,250 h of data collected through observation, interviews, elicitation, and recordings of conversation. The study shows that address forms from languages in contact with Bima have been borrowed to represent dimensions within the solidarity-power continuum including intimacy, closeness, equality, hierarchy and respect. The Bima forms are used to exercise traditional solidarity-power relations, but the borrowed forms of Arab, Bugis, Chinese, English, and Makassarese origins are used to negotiate more intimate, close, equal and respectful relations within the social hierarchy. Using the native and the borrowed forms according to referent's age, gender, status, and contexts, speakers construct different social spaces of intimacy, closeness, equality, hierarchy, respect, and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the philosophical value of Rimpu traditional clothing, the culture of Bimanese people in West Nusa Tenggara including (1) the history of the existence of Rimpu, and (2) the function of wearing Rimpu, particularly for the Bimanese people. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method and the instrument in this research is the researcher. To strengthen this research, the researcher employed observation, interview, and documentation as the guideline. The object of this research is the Rimpu tradition in Bima. Data validation was performed using referential adequacy and observational persistence. The data analysis technique employed in this research is descriptive qualitative consisting of several stages of data collection, data presentation, and conclusion. Based on the research results, the philosophical values of Rimpu traditional clothing as the culture of Bimanese people in West Nusa Tenggara are (1) as the regulation for women to cover their 'awrah emerged after the spread of Islamic teaching in Bima, women started to cover their 'awrah by wearing a woven sarong called Rimpu, and (2) it functions as a religious identity, combines the local and typical Bimanese culture, protects women when interacting with the opposite sex during the colonial period, and also against a bad environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan seputar latar permasalahan sebagai penyebab awal munculnya gejolak sosial di Bima. Gejolak sosial ini diinisiasi oleh masyarakat Donggo yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah ‘Peristiwa Donggo 1972’. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penulisan sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, antara lain; heuristik, kritik sumber (verifikasi), interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa sikap dan kebijakan rezim Orde Baru yang cenderung represif, otoriterian, dan militeristik memunculkan kesadaran kritis dari masyarakat Donggo menggugat rezim yang berkuasa. Secara historis, gugatan massa atas rezim Orde Baru di tingkat lokal lahir karena adanya romantisme Dou Donggo dengan Sultan Bima XV yang dianggap berhasil membangun daerah Bima dengan pendekatan kulturalnya. Faktor lain yang tidak kalah penting karena adanya organisasi IPMDB-Jakarta sebagai tempat berkumpulnya aktor-aktor intelektual yang mendesain gerakan massa sehingga melahirkan gerakan sosial di Bima tahun 1972.

Indonesia's ongoing battle against terrorism has made deradicalisation programmes a major focus of the government. The National Counter-Terrorism Agency (BNPT) has primary responsibility for persuading terrorists to desist from, if not reject, violence as part of their Islamic struggle, but its ability to deal directly with terrorists and other radicalised communities is hampered by the depth of distrust and animosity that these communities feel towards the state and its security services. As a result, BNPT has partnered with Muslim civil society organisations (CSOs) in running anti-terrorism programmes for jihadists. Indonesia's dominant Islamic organisations, Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, have been in the vanguard of state-CSO counter-terrorism cooperation. Eastern Indonesia has experienced persistent terrorist activity over the past two decades, including many fatal attacks on police. This article takes as a case study CSO initiatives in the West Nusa Tenggara city of Bima, with particular attention given to Ustadz Gunawan, a pivotal figure in local jihadist circles who, in 2019, renounced violence and became a proponent of peaceful jihad. This article examines the history of extremist jihadism in Bima and the counter-radicalisation efforts of CSOs and state institutions. We argue that three key factors—personal relations between jihadists and CSO leaders, family pressure and generous material incentives from state agencies—have created space for peace promotion in communities that previously condoned, if not supported, jihadist bellicosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sultanate of Bima faces various challenges, especially in the economic and political fields of government. Trade freedom had been the main pillar of the economy, threatened by the Dutch trade monopoly. Sovereignty and territorial integrity are threatened by the " Lange Contract " ( long contract ) which was imposed by the Dutch colonial government . The agreement " Lange Contract " ( long contract ) with the Netherlands has made people's anger overflowed. Anger was manifested by the resistance of the people of N g Ali against occupation of the Netherlands in the years 1908-1909. The purpose of writing this is to examine more deeply about the background behind the constellation of politics in the Sultanate of Bima so that the P groaned Ngali , and the impact of P groaned Ngali.

Previous empirical studies on Indonesia have supported the claim that the reformist movement of Muhammadiyah led to a decline in local culture. The popular call of the the reformist movements is that Muslims should return to a pristine Islam. However, little has been studied about how reformist Muslims accommodated local culture. In my field research employing ethnographic methodology, I found that the reformists of Muhammadiyah in Bima support local rituals seen as complying with local wisdom (kearifan lokal). For example, the reformist Muslims actively participated in the celebration of Mawlid, the Prophet's birthday, a ritual commonly associated with the traditionalists of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Historical records show that the two differing religious orientations have been anchored within the Bima sultanate. Bima's dyadic leadership, comprising the Sultan and the Raja Bicara (sultan's spokesperson), allowed for branches of both NU and Muhammadiyah to be established in Bima. This in turn places political stability as an impetus for religious harmony in the region. As the findings show, it is important for both traditionalist and reformist strands to accommodate each other. Accordingly, the Mawlid ritual has not disappeared as it is considered fundamental to the identity marker of Bima Muslims, for both NU and Muhammadiyah followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penggunaan true shallot seed (TSS) sebagai bahan tanam masih rendah karena ketersediaannya sedikit dan teknik budidaya belum dikembangkan. Produksi TSS di dataran rendah menjadi alternatif karena sebagian besar bawang merah di Indonesia diproduksi di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu TSS di dataran rendah. Penelitian dilakukan di dataran rendah Subang (100 mdpl) dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang diperlukan adalah umbi bawang merah varietas Bima yang divernalisasi tiga minggu pada suhu 10°C. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dua faktor yang diulang empat kali. Faktor pertama adalah dosis P2O5 (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg ha-1) dan faktor kedua adalah dosis K2O5 (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg.ha-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian P dengan dosis 400 kg ha-1 mampu meningkatkan daya berkecambah, indeks vigor dan potensi tumbuh maksimum TSS. Peningkatan pupuk K tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua parameter pembungaan kecuali jumlah bunga per tanaman dan persentase pembentukan kapsul. Pemberian 50 Kg K2O ha-1 mampu meningkatkan jumlah bunga per tanaman hingga 70.9 kuntum, sementara pemberian 200 kg K2O ha-1 mampu meningkatkan persentase pembentukan kapsul sebesar 54.82%. Kombinasi pemberian dosis 400 kg P2O5 ha-1 dan K 200 Kg ha-1 mampu meningkatkan daya berkecambah sebesar 74.7 % dan indeks vigor dengan nilai maksimum sebesar 92%, sedangkan dosis 200 Kg P2O5 ha-1 mampu meningkatkan potensi tumbuh maksimum TSS sebesar 64%.

Background Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a serious illness that can be fatal if untreated or misdiagnosed. Culture from clinical specimens remains the gold standard but has low diagnostic sensitivity. Method In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive and specific insulated isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) targeting bimA gene (Burkholderia Intracellular Motility A; BPSS1492) for the identification of B. pseudomallei. A pair of novel primers: BimA(F) and BimA(R) together with a probe were designed and 121 clinical B. pseudomallei strains obtained from numerous clinical sources and 10 ATCC non-targeted strains were tested with iiPCR and qPCR in parallel. Results All 121 B. pseudomallei isolates were positive for qPCR while 118 isolates were positive for iiPCR, demonstrating satisfactory agreement (97.71%; 95% CI [93.45–99.53%]; k = 0.87). Sensitivity of the bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay was 97.52% with the lower detection limit of 14 ng/µL of B. pseudomallei DNA. The developed iiPCR assay did not cross-react with 10 types of non-targeted strains, indicating good specificity. Conclusion This bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay will undoubtedly complement other methodologies used in the clinical laboratory for the rapid identification of this pathogen.

In 2015, the maternal mortality rate in Bima was recorded as 3 cases per 1,000 births, equivalent to 300 maternal deaths per 100,000 births. Although this number is low, it is much higher than the zero mortality rate set by the Sustainable Development Goals. This study discusses the family and community aspects of the maternal health framework, reading the gendered symbolic violence that affect maternal health in Jatibaru Village, Asakota, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. Data was collected using an ethnographic approach, with techniques including Focus Group Discussions, participatory observation, interviews, and document study. The existence of gender inequities in the family can cause problems when women attempt to access healthcare. Furthermore, families and communities exert control over pregnant women, directing their behavior and attempts to access healthcare according to local customs and traditions. As such attitudes and behaviors are part of the digestive process of knowledge and experience, women often accept and do what is recommended by their families and communities. This social reality of maternal health thus becomes part of gender inequality in society.

Trypanosomiasis or surra is a disease caused by blood parasite of Trypanosoma evansi. Trypanosomiasis disease in Indonesia includes Strategic Diseases of Infectious Diseases (SDID). The purpose of this study is to detect Trypanosomiasis in horses in Bima, Indonesia. A total of 90 horse blood samples were used for the study. Sample examination using blood smears technique with Giemsa staining and Card Agglutination Test of Trypanosoma evansi (CATT). The result of examination of blood samples by microscope obtained 3 positive samples infected T. evansi and by CATT obtained 1 positive samples containing antibodies against T. evansi. It was concluded that trypanosomiasis in horses in Bima was 3.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis in humans and various animals, is capable of survival and movement within the cytoplasm of host cells by a process known as actin-based motility. The bacterial factor BimA is required for actin-based motility through its direct interaction with actin, and by mediating actin polymerization at a single pole of the bacterium to promote movement both within and between cells. However, little is known about the other bacterial proteins required for this process. Here, we have investigated the role of the bimC gene (bpss1491) which lies immediately upstream of the bimA gene (bpss1492) on the B. pseudomallei chromosome 2. Conserved amongst all B. pseudomallei, B. mallei and B. thailandensis strains sequenced to date, this gene encodes an iron-binding protein with homology to a group of proteins known as the bacterial autotransporter heptosyltransferase (BAHT) family. We have constructed a B. pseudomallei bimC deletion mutant and demonstrate that it is defective in intracellular survival in HeLa cells, but not in J774.1 macrophage-like cells. The bimC mutant is defective in cell to cell spread as demonstrated by ablation of plaque formation in HeLa cells, and by the inability to form multi-nucleated giant cells in J774.1 cells. These phenotypes in intracellular survival and cell to cell spread are not due to the loss of expression and polar localization of the BimA protein on the surface of intracellular bacteria, however they do correlate with an inability of the bacteria to recruit and polymerize actin. Furthermore, we also establish a role for bimC in virulence of B. pseudomallei using a Galleria mellonella larvae model of infection. Taken together, our findings indicate that B. pseudomallei BimC plays an important role in intracellular behavior and virulence of this emerging pathogen.

Bima is a region in eastern Sumbawa Island. It has been a port town docked by many merchant ship from many region for centuries. It cannot be denied that trading activity in Bima Port is dominated by merchants from Bugis-Makassar and Malay who played up their trade widely into another island such as Flores and other eastern region, because Islamization and its closely relationship between South Sulawesi and Malay merchants. Since 16th century, Bima considered as one of the most important trade town, with the result that VOC endeavour to make a monopoly trade with ruler of Bima. The number of sailors and merchants from any direction makes Bima more crowdly. The great commodity of Bima is Kayu Sapan.

The intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei , the etiological agent of melioidosis in humans and various animals, is capable of survival and movement within the cytoplasm of host cells by a process known as actin-based motility. The bacterial factor BimA is required for actin-based motility through its direct interaction with actin, and by mediating actin polymerization at a single pole of the bacterium to promote movement both within and between cells. However, little is known about the other bacterial proteins required for this process. Here, we have investigated the role of the bimC gene (bpss1491) which lies immediately upstream of the bimA gene (bpss1492) on the B. pseudomallei chromosome 2. Conserved amongst all B. pseudomallei, B. mallei and B. thailandensis strains sequenced to date, this gene encodes an iron-binding protein with homology to a group of proteins known as the bacterial autotransporter heptosyltransferase (BAHT) family. We have constructed a B. pseudomallei bimC deletion mutant and demonstrate that it is defective in intracellular survival in HeLa cells, but not in J774.1 macrophage-like cells. The bimC mutant is defective in cell to cell spread as demonstrated by ablation of plaque formation in HeLa cells, and by the inability to form multi-nucleated giant cells in J774.1 cells. These phenotypes in intracellular survival and cell to cell spread are not due to the loss of expression and polar localization of the BimA protein on the surface of intracellular bacteria, however they do correlate with an inability of the bacteria to recruit and polymerize actin. Furthermore, we also establish a role for bimC in virulence of B. pseudomallei using a Galleria mellonella larvae model of infection. Taken together, our findings indicate that B. pseudomallei BimC plays an important role in intracellular behavior and virulence of this emerging pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is strong retrospective data demonstrating that bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafting leads to better long-term survival as compared to left internal mammary artery grafting. However, this survival advantage was not corroborated by the interim results of the Arterial Revascularization Trial. Today, there are barriers to widespread adoption of BIMA grafting. One of the main disadvantages of the use of BIMA grafts is the higher risk of deep sternal wound infection. Deep sternal wound infections can be minimized by skeletonized harvesting of the internal mammary artery grafts, which preserve blood flow to the sternum. Also, utilizing the BIMA graft as a "Y" graft may lead to more complete revascularization compared to its in situ use. BIMA grafting on average takes 25 minutes longer operating time with a higher in-hospital costs. We eagerly await the 10-year results of the Arterial Revascularization Trial to determine the truly unbiased randomized long-term effectiveness of BIMA grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei causes human melioidosis, which can infect the brain, leading to encephalitis and brain abscesses. Infection of the nervous system is a rare condition but is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Burkholderia intracellular motility A (BimA) was reported to play an important role in the invasion and infection of the central nervous system in a mouse model. Thus, to gain insight of the cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis, we explored the human neuronal proteomics to identify the host factors that are up- and downregulated during Burkholderia infection. When infected the SH-SY5Y cells with B. pseudomallei K96243 wild-type (WT), 194 host proteins showed a fold change of >2 compared with uninfected cells. Moreover, 123 proteins showed a fold change of >2 when infected with a knockout bimA mutant (Δ bimA ) mutant compared with WT. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with metabolic pathways and pathways linked to human diseases. Importantly, we observed the downregulation of proteins in the apoptosis and cytotoxicity pathway, and in vitro investigation with the Δ bimA mutant revealed the association of BimA with the induction of these pathways. Additionally, we disclosed that BimA was not required for invasion into the neuron cell line but was necessary for effective intracellular replication and multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation. These findings show the extraordinary capacity of B. pseudomallei in subverting and interfering with host cellular systems to establish infection and extend our understanding of B. pseudomallei BimA involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis. IMPORTANCE Neurological melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, can result in severe neurological damage and enhance the mortality rate of melioidosis patients. We investigate the involvement of the virulent factor BimA, which mediates actin-based motility, in the intracellular infection of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Using proteomics-based analysis, we provide a list of host factors exploited by B. pseudomallei. The expression level of selected downregulated proteins in neuron cells infected with the Δ bimA mutant was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and was consistent with our proteomic data. The role of BimA in the apoptosis and cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells infected by B. pseudomallei was uncovered in this study. Additionally, our research demonstrates that BimA is required for successful intracellular survival and cell fusion upon infection of neuron cells. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei infections and developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Glanders is a contagious and highly fatal disease of equines with zoonotic potential. It is caused by a Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium Burkholderia mallei. Complement fixation test (CFT) is one of the most commonly used tests for diagnosis of glanders; however, it has some limitations. A recombinant-truncated Burkholderia intracellular motility A (BimA) protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was previously reported by us for glanders diagnosis, which has been re-optimized in this study using a panel of glanders positive (n = 75) and glanders negative (n = 227) serum samples. The improved iELISA exhibited 96% sensitivity and 90.75% specificity. The assay had 98.56% negative predictive value. In the improved iELISA, background for negative samples was reduced and a rational assay cut-off based on ROC curves was introduced. Intra laboratory repeatability of the iELISA was tested by 3 different operators with 100% correlation. The BimA-coated ELISA plates could be used without significant decrease in diagnostic efficacy even after their storage at room temperature or 37°C for 90 days. Overall, the improved iELISA is a sensitive, specific, reproducible, and easy-to-use assay that has potential in serodiagnosis of glanders, more suitably to demonstrate freedom from B. mallei infection in a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery bypass grafting using saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) in addition to the left internal mammary artery (IMA) graft is vitiated by poor long-term patency of the vein grafts. Hypothetically, the increased use of arterial grafts could confer even better outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate results after coronary artery bypass grafting in Sweden, where arterial grafts were used as a second conduit. METHODS: Within the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) registry, we identified patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting from 2001 to 2015 using the IMA and the SVG, the radial artery (RA) or the additional IMA [bilateral IMA (BIMA)] as a second conduit. Deaths, postoperative incidence of coronary angiography and need for reintervention were recorded, and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for different types of grafts. RESULTS: The study population comprised 46 343 cases of IMA + SVG, 1036 cases of IMA + RA and 862 cases of BIMA. The mean followup time (SD) was 9.3 (4.2) years for IMA + SVG, 10.7 (4.1) years for IMA + RA grafts and 5.5 (5.0) years for the BIMA graft. The adjusted hazard ratio for death was (95% confidence interval) 1.01 (0.89-1.14) for IMA + RA and 0.87 (0.72-1.06) for BIMA grafts compared with IMA + SVG. The adjusted hazard ratio for the first angiographic examination was (95% confidence interval) 0.96 (0.84-1.10) for IMA + RA and 1.13 (0.95-1.35) for BIMA grafts. The adjusted hazard ratio for the need for reintervention was (95% confidence interval) 0.91 (0.75-1.09) for IMA + RA and 1.26 (1.00-1.58) for BIMA grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had arterial grafts as second conduits did not demonstrate a better outcome in any of the studied endpoints. Radial artery grafts seem to be preferable to BIMA grafts as an alternative to an SVG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Islamika is the property of Center for the Study of Islam & Society of UIN Jakarta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still one of the most common major cardiac operations in the world. Recent studies confirm that it remains the gold standard for most patients with multivessel and/or left main disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post operatory differences between the patients that underwent myocardial revascularization using single internal mammary artery (SIMA) and both internal mammary arteries (BIMA). Materials and methods - This study is descriptive retrospective analysis on 267 patients that underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with one or two mammary arteries and saphenous vein graft(s) (SVG). We divided patients in two groups, group 1 (122 patients; 45,69%) included patients that underwent myocardial revascularization using SIMA, and group 2 (145 patients; 54.3%) included patients with BIMA grafts. Results - There were no statistical significant differences between the two groups in age, comorbidities, aortic clamp time, extracorporeal circulation time, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), postoperative length of stay, perioperative morbidity (bleeding, deep sternal wound complications, need for reoperation, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, low cardiac output) and mortality. Conclusion - BIMA grafting is a safe method of myocardial revascularization, it increases survival, and it must be done in a skeletonized fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep sternal wound infections (DSWI) continue to be an infrequent but potentially devastating complication after cardiac surgical procedures. Its prevalence is more after coronary artery bypass grafting using single internal mammary artery (IMA) graft. Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) harvesting carries a higher risk of sternal infection than harvesting single IMA. Several risk factors have been identified with sternal wound infections and a few are modifiable. Strategies that reduce DSWI target the modifiable risk factors that include microbiological factors, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, tight glycemic control. Surgical strategies to reduce DSWI following BIMA harvest include techniques of IMA harvesting with lesser devascularization of sternum using skeletonized, semiskeletonized and modified pedicle harvest are associated with greater preservation of sternal blood supply and sternal closure and stability techniques. The various strategies to minimize sternal wound infections during preoperative, intra and postoperative periods are summarized in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West Flores or Manggarai was until 1900 known as territory of the Muslim Sultan of Bima. In 1907 the Dutch effectively took possession of the region and after 1910 they entrusted the introduction of schools to the Catholic missionaries. The coastal Muslim settlements were neglected in favour of the mountain region, where finally one local chief, mission-educated Alexander Baroek became the most important native counterpart of the colonial rule. The ties with Bima were formally broken in the 1920s. Herewith Catholicism gained political and social influence to the detriment of the expansion of Islam and Manggarai joined the rest of Flores to become a majority Catholic society. There was no overall strategy to destroy Muslim influence, but it was simply the result of a longer chain of not always related decisions. This choice was in line with the colonial strategy of creating a prosperous Flores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bima is a region that has been attracting researchers' attention, which should not be surprising because it has always been a multicultural region. Its history reveals that Bima was one of the sailing routes, especially of the Malay Muslim traders, sailing from the direction of East Java. Bima then became a center of the Islamic rule in the eastern Nusantara. This paper discusses a brief history of how Bima became a center of Islamic rule that was strongly influenced by the Malays.

Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a serious illness that can be fatal if untreated or misdiagnosed. Culture from clinical specimens remains the gold standard but has low diagnostic sensitivity., Method: In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive and specific insulated isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) targeting bimA gene ( Burkholderia Intracellular Motility A; BPSS1492) for the identification of B. pseudomallei. A pair of novel primers: BimA(F) and BimA(R) together with a probe were designed and 121 clinical B. pseudomallei strains obtained from numerous clinical sources and 10 ATCC non-targeted strains were tested with iiPCR and qPCR in parallel., Results: All 121 B. pseudomallei isolates were positive for qPCR while 118 isolates were positive for iiPCR, demonstrating satisfactory agreement (97.71%; 95% CI [93.45-99.53%]; k  = 0.87). Sensitivity of the bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay was 97.52% with the lower detection limit of 14 ng/µL of B. pseudomallei DNA . The developed iiPCR assay did not cross-react with 10 types of non-targeted strains, indicating good specificity., Conclusion: This bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay will undoubtedly complement other methodologies used in the clinical laboratory for the rapid identification of this pathogen., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2020 Chua et al.)

Tokoh Bima di Jawa selama ini dikenal dalam tiga bentuk penggambaran, yaitu: • Bima yang digambarkan sebagai arca batu. • Bima yang digambarkan dalam relief pada candi. • Bima yang digambarkan dalam cerita wayang atau kitab Dewaruci. Baik Bima sebagai arca, dipahatkan pada relief, maupun Bima yang terdapat di dalam cerita wayang, memiliki persamaan - persamaan dan diperkirakan berasal dari satu periode. Seperti telah kita ketahui Dr. W.F. Stutterheim di dalam bukunya yang berjudul Studies in Indonesian Archaeology telah menguraikan secara luas tentang tokoh Bima. Stutterheim antara lain mengatakan bahwa arca Bima yang digambarkan dengan tubuh yang seram dan memakai upawita ular adalah identik dengan Bima Bhairawa dalam agama Siwa, yaitu salah satu aspek dari Siwa (Stutterheim, 1956: 116 -117).

Neurologic melioidosis is a serious, potentially fatal form of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. Recently, we reported that a subset of clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei from Australia have heightened virulence and potential for dissemination to the central nervous system. In this study, we demonstrate that this subset has a B. mallei-like sequence variation of the actin-based motility gene, bimA. Compared with B. pseudomallei isolates having typical bimA alleles, isolates that contain the B. mallei-like variation demonstrate increased persistence in phagocytic cells and increased virulence with rapid systemic dissemination and replication within multiple tissues, including the brain and spinal cord, in an experimental model. These findings highlight the implications of bimA variation on disease progression of B. pseudomallei infection and have considerable clinical and public health implications with respect to the degree of neurotropic threat posed to human health.

Intracellular actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei requires the bacterial factor BimA. Located at one pole of the bacterium, BimA recruits and polymerizes cellular actin to promote bacterial motility within and between cells. Here, we describe an affinity approach coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins recruited to BimA-expressing bacteria under conditions that promote actin polymerization. We identified a group of cellular proteins that are recruited to the B. pseudomallei surface in a BimA-dependent manner, a subset of which were independently validated with specific antisera including the ubiquitous scaffold protein Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1). IQGAP1 integrates several key cellular signaling pathways including those involved in actin dynamics and has been shown to be involved in the adhesion of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli to infected cells and invasion of host cells by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Although a direct interaction between BimA and IQGAP1 could not be detected using either conventional pulldown or yeast two hybrid techniques, confocal microscopy revealed that IQGAP1 is recruited to B. pseudomallei actin tails in infected cells, and siRNA-mediated knockdown highlighted a role for this protein in controlling the length and actin density of B. pseudomallei actin tails.

The radial artery (RA) can be used as part of an arterial revascularization strategy in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is easy to harvest and several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have reported superior long-term patency over saphenous vein grafts. However, the RA is not used as frequently as the saphenous vein and questions remain regarding its optimum use as a conduit. This article comprehensively appraises current evidence surrounding outcomes, patient selection, harvesting technique, intraoperative strategy, and graft spasm prophylaxis to provide a contemporary review of the use of the RA as a conduit in CABG., (Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafts are used for coronary revascularisation by only a minority of surgeons, despite a growing body of evidence suggesting improved survival when compared to use of only one internal mammary artery with additional saphenous vein grafts. Herein we review the evidence supporting revascularisation with BIMA and suggest reasons why the majority of surgeons use only one internal mammary artery. We discuss technical considerations, various graft combinations and the use of BIMA to facilitate anaortic off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB).