1. De l'automatisme du déficit à l'automatisme créateur en psychopathologie.
- Author
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Dimitriadis, Yorgos
- Subjects
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AUTOMATISM (Consciousness) , *RORSCHACH Test , *CONTROL groups , *CHILD sexual abuse & psychology , *TRAUMA severity indices - Abstract
La psychiatrie a insisté sur la version déficitaire des phénomènes automatiques, tandis que la psychanalyse – de Freud à Lacan – a mis l'accent sur la version créatrice de l'automatisme, qui permet de concevoir un inconscient dynamique : un inconscient qui, tout en prenant en compte la nécessité de la répétition des éléments inscrits par l'histoire de tout un sujet, reste ouvert aux effets de la contingence de rencontres. La logique de cet inconscient est celle d'une rétroaction récurrente, qui diffère beaucoup de la logique linéaire que propose le comportementalisme – par exemple, en ce qui concerne les réflexes conditionnés. Nous concevons, par là même, la difficulté que représente l'application d'une théorie basée sur l'apprentissage des animaux, à l'animal humain, dans la mesure où, son fonctionnement psychique est subverti par la logique signifiante, laquelle est différente de la logique des signaux qui régit le fonctionnement animal. The automatism concept has been used in a quite different way by both psychiatry and psychoanalysis. We are willing to show how these two disciples lead also, by their divergent approach of the automatism's concept, to different ways of conceiving the psychic apparatus but, furthermore, mental disorders and, more general speaking, the determinism of psychic phenomena. The automatism concept has been widely explored by many different disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, medicine, sociology and cybernetic theories. Within medicine, neurology and psychiatry have mostly insisted on the deficiency version of automatic clinical phenomena, based mainly on evolutional theories and behavioral sciences. The logic of this kind of automatism is "linear" and resembles to a "reflex" i.e. a nature signal or a conditioned signal leads always (or predominantly) to the same response. Whereas, psychoanalysis, from Freud to Lacan, influenced by philosophy, linguistic studies, as well as cybernetic theories, has accented the creative version of automatism, making it possible to conceive a dynamic unconscious. This kind of unconscious, which keeps in consideration the necessary repetition of the elements inscribed by the history of every subject, stays also open at the effect of contingence which has a retroaction effect on the previous inscriptions, giving them a completely new meaning and leading to a completely different result. Recent scientific studies on memory, regarding the remembering process as well as the reconsolidation of souvenirs, and other studies on neuroplasticity, converge towards this view. The logic of this dynamic unconscious is that of "recurrent retroaction" which is very different from the "linear logic" which is proposed by behaviorism – regarding conditional reflexes or operant conditioning. In this way we can conceive the difficulty of applications based on the signal's logic that governs animal's learning, like this of conditional reflexes or of operant conditioning, on human animals in whom the psychical function is completely subverted by the logic of signifiers. The logic of signifiers is completely different from signal's logic that governs animal function. The question that could rise from this distinction is what could happen if signal's logic, momentarily or, even durably, take the upper hand even in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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