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This Botswana Agriculture Public Expenditure Review (AgPER) is one of a series of similar studies undertaken in over a dozen countries in sub-Saharan Africa under the framework of a program coordinated by CAADP, supported by the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation and the CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund, and implemented by the World Bank. The AgPER presents data about actual expenditure for the period 2000 to 2013, with an outlook on the following two years. It presents public expenditure on agriculture structured by various dimensions and classifiers such as institutional, recurrent versus investment and capital, by sub-function and subsector and by spending unit. It analyzes expenditure levels, patterns and trends and compares expenditure patterns with policy objectives and strategies. Finally, it draws conclusions and recommendations in areas where future decisions could benefit from a clear view of an analysis of past spending or where it is deemed useful to support imminent policy formulation and decisions with a clearer understanding of the financial implications.

A new generation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is finding a small foothold among poor, small-scale farmers in developing countries. Even so, many barriers still prevent poor rural people from accessing, using, and benefiting from new ICT tools and platforms, and those barriers are arguably higher for rural women. The relationship between gender and agriculture has been studied intensively over the years, and many agricultural interventions now include gender as a crosscutting issue or mainstream gender throughout their operations. Studies of the relationship between gender and the use of ICTs in agriculture have started to appear only quite recently, however. The Africa Region of the World Bank views ICTs as potentially transformative technology for rural development and seeks to incorporate the use of ICTs throughout its portfolio of projects. The present study was designed to examine the feasibility of integrating ICTs into two large investment programs: the Irrigation Development and Support Project (IDSP) in Zambia and the Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Project (KAPAP). The specifi c goal was to examine how ICT-based interventions might be designed to strengthen women s participation in commodity value chains under the two projects.

The Hamelmalo agricultural college environmental society (HACES) is a college based organization founded to facilitate the establishment of vital development projects in predominantly rural, disadvantaged communities throughout Eritrea. HACES plays a facilitative role in the process, enabling local communities and neighborhoods who chose to do so, to identify, plan and implement the socio-economic and environmental projects they most need in a democratic manner. This ‘bottom-up’ participatory approach delivers not only projects but training. Communities therefore receive the tools to create their own autonomous projects in the future - the essential goal of sustainable human development. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36295

This issue contains two articles regarding agricultural work in foreign countries. A survivor of the Nanking Incident writes one of these articles. Other contributions include an article on the colonization of Western Canada written by the Director of the C. N. R., and articles written by students of the Class of 1927. Student articles include a short story, work on a northern experimental station, food science for the baker, and the 1927 World's Poultry Congress in Ottawa. Continued in this issue is the column regarding the National Federation of Canadian University Students, with a focus on a visit from representatives of the Scottish Students Federation. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes a report on the Western Ontario Girls' Conference, and alumnae updates. Colonization and immigration The routine work of an agricultural college in Australia Agricultural work in Nanking The Big House Northern farmer - new style The N. F. C. U. S. The National Federation of Canadian University Students World's Poultry Conference Technical education for the baker Editorial Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising

This issue concludes the school year. A student provides an article regarding his travels through Scotland. A guest contributor concludes his article on agricultural transportation. The principal of the Nova Scotia Agricultural College writes of the founding of the college at Truro. Agricultural articles pertain to agriculture in the Maritime Provinces as well as the prairies. There is also an article on the history of the English Experimental Stations. The horticultural article is regarding the apple industry of Ontario. Campus activities cumulate in the graduation results, athletic activities, and a summary of the cosmopolitan composition of the student body. The editorial is about whether a graduate should continue with postgraduate studies. The Macdonald Notes reports on the formal dinner provided by the senior class. Alumni news is available in the Our Alumni column. Inverness to Oban by the Caledonia Canal The farmer and the railway Why I keep a pony The Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia Editorial reflections Agriculture in the Maritime Provinces Some peculiarities of the North-West English Experimental Stations Apple industry of Ontario C. P. R. Westbound Editorial Athletics College Life Our Alumni Macdonald Notes Animal life in Jamaica Examination results Locals advertising

This issue begins with an article regarding immigration provided by the Department of Immigration and Colonization. The agricultural articles pertain to silage crops for Northern Ontario, the development of sweet clover as an annual crop, President Reynolds' address on the mission of the agricultural college, and the operation of seed drills. Other articles feature the English poet Alfred Noyes, and the educational system in Switzerland. Featured is an article that outlines the formation of the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. The focus of the campus news are the examination results and the short courses for the Mac Hall students and soldier's wives. The serialized wartime story titled "Apres la Guerre" is continued in this issue. The Alumni column contains a report of the Western Ontario O. A. C. Alumni Association, and alumni and alumnae updates. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Filling the manless land The spirit of Alfred Noyes Silage crops for Northern Ontario The mission of the agricultural college The educational system of Switzerland Coming - annual sweet clover The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Postmortem Farm power Editorial "Apres la Guerre" College life Athletics Alumni advertising

This issue's articles address agricultural colleges and their contribution to rural education, occupations in forestry, the disposition of horses in the urban environment, developing Alfalfa Clover in Canada, and an overview of horticultural education. The editorial advocates for a rink on campus and comments on the legislation of amusements at agricultural fairs. Campus news reports on the Y. M. C. A., the Union Literary Society, a successful Conversazione, the Poultry Institute, and the O. A. C.'s involvement in the Inter-Collegiate Hockey League. The Macdonald Institute column features an article on Adelaide Hoodless and domestic science. Alumni news is available in the Our Alumni column. The agricultural college and rural life Discouragement What does a forester do? Pavements Agriculture Horse courage Experimental Lucerne or Alfalfa Clover Co-operative experiments in agriculture for 1907 New bulletins Horticulture Horticultural education Editorial College Life Y. M. C. A. The Poultry Institute A Rainy Day Athletics Inter-Collegiate Hockey League Our Alumni Macdonald The growth of domestic science Locals