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60 results on '"Zoologie des invertébrés"'

1. New species of leaf-mining Phyllonorycter (LepidopteraGracillariidae) from Siberia feeding on Caragana (Fabaceae)

Author: Natalia Kirichenko, Carlos Lopez Vaamonde, Paolo Triberti, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Université de Tours (UT), and Université de Tours
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Insecta, Biodiversité et Ecologie, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Fabales, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, DNA barcoding, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:QL1-991, Plantae, biology, Cenozoic, espèce nouvelle, Fabaceae, legume, Leaf-mining micromoths, Gracillariidae, Caragana, Europe, Lepidoptera, male genitalia morphology, Siberian peashrub, Phyllonorycter, Taxonomy (biology), Research Article, code barre adn, Asia, Arthropoda, Zoology, gracillaridae, 010603 evolutionary biology, Biodiversity and Ecology, Lepidoptera genitalia, Magnoliopsida, 03 medical and health sciences, Invertebrate Zoology, Systematics, Animalia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Gracillarioidea, ved/biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Tracheophyta, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: During a DNA barcoding campaign of leaf-mining Gracillariidae from the Asian part of Russia, a new species ofPhyllonorycterHübner, feeding on the Siberian pea shrub,CaraganaarborescensLam. (Fabaceae) was discovered in Siberia. Here, this taxon is described asPhyllonorycterivanisp. n.Among Fabaceae-feedingPhyllonorycter, so far onlyP.caraganella(Ermolaev) has been known to develop onCaragana.PhyllonorycterivaniandP.caraganellashow a large divergence in morphology (external and male genitalia) and barcode region of the mtDNA-COI gene (8.6%). They feed on different host plants species and have different ranges in Russia. We show that DNA barcode data weakly supports the Fabaceae-feeding species groups. In addition, we show that morphologically (strongly) and genetically (weakly),P.ivanihas affinity to thehaasispecies group, a West Palearctic group with asymmetrical male genitalia.
Published: 2019
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2. Depth distribution of soil organic matter and burrowing activity of earthworms—mesocosm study using X-ray tomography and luminophores

Author: Jean-Marc Bonzom, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Yvan Capowiez, Audrey Vallat, Franck Gilbert, Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE (FRANCE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire - IRSN (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse (FRANCE), Université de Toulon - UTLN (FRANCE), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO), Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN, France), and Nereis Park contribution number 42
Subjects: Soil Science, Aporrectodea nocturna, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Microbiology, Mesocosm, 03 medical and health sciences, Organic matter, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Topsoil, Behavior, Apporrectodea icterica, biology, Lumbricus terrestris, Soil organic matter, Science des sols, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Aporrectodea caliginosa, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Earthworms feed on organic matter present at the soil surface or within the soil. Thus, its distribution in the soil profile is likely to greatly influence earthworm behavior and, in turn, their burrow system. To test this idea, two anecic and two endogeic earthworm species were introduced into repacked soil cores (depth = 30 cm) upper half filled with a top soil containing 4% organic matter (0–15 cm) and lower half filled with a deep soil at 2% organic matter (15–30 cm). Earthworm behavior was studied using X-ray tomography combined with luminophores (colored particulate tracers of 63–125 μm size) placed at 0, 3, and 12 cm depth, a method widely used in sediment ecology. We observed that anecic and endogeic earthworms had contrasting reactions to the conditions with only endogeic species burrowing more intensively in the upper part. From a quantitative point of view, only a few percent of luminophores were displaced. However, luminophore displacements also provided qualitative information to complement the tomography: (i) endogeic species and especially Aporrectodea caliginosa bioturbated the most soil close to the surface (3 cm depth) and (ii) the two anecic species influenced the luminophore distribution differentially with Lumbricus terrestris displacing significantly more luminophores, whatever their initial depth, than Aporrectodea nocturna due to intense surface cast activity. Beyond methodological developments, our study found that endogeic earthworms burrow more in zones with higher organic matter contents and this explains why they are mainly found close to the soil surface in non-tilled soils.
Published: 2021
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3. Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native species

Author: Johanna Witzell, João Canning-Clode, Alejandro Juárez-Escario, Wolf-Christian Saul, Franz Essl, Paulo A. V. Borges, Marius Skolka, Alberto Maceda-Veiga, Carmen Morales-Rodríguez, Elena Tricarico, Eleni Kytinou, Hélia Marchante, Triya Tessa Ramburn, Pablo González-Moreno, Stefanos Kalogirou, Angeliki F. Martinou, Rumen Tomov, Ciaran Laverty, C. Romeralo, Predrag Simonović, Konstantinos Tsiamis, Giuseppe Brundu, Claudia Giuliani, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Rory Sheehan, Vanessa Lozano, Naida Muhthassim, Jan Pergl, Hugo Verreycken, Carla Rego, António O. Soares, Ahmet Uludag, Greta Srėbalienė, Fabian Reichenbach, Niki Chartosia, Wolfgang Nentwig, Tim Adriaens, Mi-Jung Bae, Lucija Šerić Jelaska, Helen E. Roy, Ana Andjelković, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Gordon H. Copp, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Z. Á. Nagy, Miquel Jover, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Stelios Katsanevakis, Montserrat Vilà, Emili García-Berthou, Leif Sundheim, Aleksandra Kočić, Swen Follak, Mário Boieiro, Toril Loennechen Moen, Øystein Wiig, Gritta Schrader, Johan van Valkenburg, Maria Cristina Morais, Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook, Michel Bariche, Fried Guillaume, Øivind Gammelmo, Dan Minchin, Kęstutis Arbačiauskas, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Fabio Crocetta, Ana Montero-Castaño, Bram D'hondt, Sven Bacher, Nikica Ogris, Andrea Zanetta, Hüseyin Önen, Sylvaine Giakoumi, Sandro Meyer, Frances E. Lucy, Elizabete Marchante, Bruno Foggi, Anna Maria Vettraino, Riikka Puntila, Pieter Boets, Federico Cardigos, Sonia Vanderhoeven, Belinda Gallardo, Marc Kenis, Lluís Vilar, Venche Talgø, Cristina Preda, Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International (CABI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Ovidius University of Constanta, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Agriculture, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Salmon & Freshwater Team (SFT), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna [Vienna], Universitat de Girona (UdG), Department of Marine Sciences [Aegean], University of the Aegean, Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Technology Sligo, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Klaipėda University [Lituanie] (KU), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Service Public de Wallonie, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Nature Research Centre, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Provincial Centre of Environmental Research, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Universidade dos Açores, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], University of the Azores, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, University of Cyprus, Scottish Marine Institute, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Applied and Restoration Ecology Group, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Plant Health Laboratory, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Universitat de Lleida, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Royal Air Forces, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Marine Organism Investigations, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Marine Research Centre (CIMA), Regional government of Galicia, Environment Agency Austria, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Universitad de Valladolid, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, University of Forestry (UF), European Commission's Joint Research Centre, and MÜ
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, environmental impact, expert judgement, invasive alien species policy, management prioritization, risk assessment, socio-economic impact, Computer science, vaikutukset, PEST RISK ANALYSIS, protocols, Plant Science, Medi ambient -- Anàlisi d'impacte, 01 natural sciences, Environmental impact, udc:630*44:630*44, Socio economic impact, SUPPORT, Statistics, Milieux et Changements globaux, lcsh:QH301-705.5, asiantuntijuus, Risk assessment, CALIBRATION, Introduced organisms, evaluation, Ecology, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, Ecological Modeling, tulokaslajit, riskinarviointi, Pest Risk Analysis, humanities, družbeno ekonomski vpliv, yhtenäisyys, ympäristövaikutukset, expertise, invazivne tujerodne vrste, Expert judgement, Espècies introduïdes, politika, tarpeet, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, INVASIVENESS SCREENING TOOL, ukrepanje, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, vpliv na okolje, CLASSIFICATION, Ecology and Environment, ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT, ocena tveganja, Invertebrate Zoology, Environmental Impact, lajit, Biological invasions, Invasions biològiques, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, sosioekonomiset tekijät, strokovna ocena, needs, ALIEN PLANTS, Environmental impact, expert judgement, invasive alien species policy, management prioritization, risk assessment, socio-economic impact, consistency, Impact assessment, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biology and Life Sciences, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::590 Tiere (Zoologie), types and species, ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS, FRAMEWORK, Zoologie des invertébrés, protokollat, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Environmental impact analysis, lcsh:Biology (General), Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, arviointi, SYSTEM
Abstract: Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus
Published: 2019
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4. Origin of gall-inducing from leaf-mining in Caloptilia micromoths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)

Author: Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Antoine Guiguet, Seiji Takeda, Issei Ohshima, Françoise Laurans, David Giron, Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto Prefectoral University, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (UZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), and Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, gracillariidae, Zoology, Insect, Evolutionary ecology, Article, Host-Parasite Interactions, Lepidoptera genitalia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Plant Tumors, Invertebrate Zoology, Animals, Gall, Herbivory, évolution, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, media_common, Larva, Multidisciplinary, biology, insecte ravageur, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Zoologie des invertébrés, Caloptilia, Plant Leaves, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, morphologie, Instar, Medicine, lepidoptera, Caloptilia cecidophora, Entomology, Gracillariidae, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In insects, the gall-inducing life-style has evolved independently many times. Several evolutionary pathways leading to this lifestyle have been proposed. While there is compelling evidence supporting surface-feeders and stem-borers as ancestral states of insect gall-inducers, an evolutionary pathway from leaf-miners remains hypothetical. Here we explored this question by comparing the developmental processes of two micromoths, a gall-inducer Caloptilia cecidophora (Lep., Gracillariidae), and its non-gall-inducing relative C. ryukyuensis. Like other Caloptilia, the first and second instars of C. cecidophora are leaf-miners and the gall is initiated inside the leaf mine by the third instar, thus suggesting leaf-mining as an ancestral, plesiomorphic state in this case. This is the first example of an insect species switching from leaf-mining to gall-inducing during larval development. The first two leaf-mining instars of C. cecidophora exhibit an absence of growth and a reduced time duration compared to C. ryukyuensis. The shortening of the duration of leaf-mining stages is apparently compensated in C. cecidophora by a larger egg size than C. ryukyuensis, and an additional larval instar during the gall phase.
Published: 2019
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5. Fine-scale invasion genetics of the quarantine pest, Anoplophora glabripennis, reconstructed in single outbreaks

Author: Tetyana Tsykun, Simone Prospero, Doris Hölling, Marion Javal, Géraldine Roux, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Stellenbosch University, and Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, LONG-HORNED BEETLE, Population genetics, DIVERSITY, LOCI, lcsh:Medicine, Introduced species, SOFTWARE, 01 natural sciences, Trees, law.invention, NUMBER, genetique des populations, law, DISPERSAL, PROGRAM, lcsh:Science, Milieux et Changements globaux, Anoplophora glabripennis, POPULATION, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, insecte ravageur, ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE, COLEOPTERA CERAMBYCIDAE, gestion des invasions biologiques, Coleoptera, dynamique des populations, diversité génétique, Switzerland, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Invertebrate Zoology, Quarantine, espèce exotique invasive, Animals, education, Genetic diversity, Invasive species, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Genetics, Population, voie d'introduction, Anoplophora, Biological dispersal, lcsh:Q, Introduced Species, Animal Distribution, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: The xylophagous cerambycid Anoplophora glabripennis, the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), is highly polyphagous and can colonize a wide range of broadleaved host trees causing significant economic damage. For this reason, it is considered a quarantine pest in Europe and North America. Although the global spread of ALB has been depicted recently, no comprehensive studies exist on the genetic pattern of populations’ establishment and dynamics at fine-scale (i.e. within invasive outbreaks), before eradication measures are applied. This information may, however, be particularly important for an efficient management and control of invasive pests. Here, we characterized population genetic diversity and patterns of spread of ALB within and among the four outbreaks detected in Switzerland between 2011 and 2015. For this, we genotyped 223 specimens at 15 nuclear microsatellite loci and conducted specific population-based analyses. Our study shows: (1) At least three independent introductions and a, human-mediated, secondary dispersal event leading to the four outbreaks in the country; (2) An overall low intra-population genetic diversity in the viable and several years active invasive populations; (3) A colonization of single trees by homogeneous ALB genotypes; And (4) an establishment of populations several generations prior to its official discovery.
Published: 2019
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6. What determines host specificity in hyperspecialized plant parasitic nematodes?

Author: Etienne Lord, Michael Sabeh, Benjamin Mimee, Eric Grenier, Marc St-Arnaud, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2015-69004-23634, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, n.a., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, effecteur, RNA-Seq, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, Transcriptomic study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Regulator gene, nématode à kyste, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, gamme d'hôtes, Effector, globodera, effector, Plant-parasitic nematode, Research Article, Biotechnology, lcsh:QH426-470, Globodera rostochiensis, lcsh:Biotechnology, hosts range, Virulence, Biology, Host Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Invertebrate Zoology, Effectors, Globodera, Host range, Pathogenicity, RNA-seq, Animals, Tylenchoidea, Gene, Solanum tuberosum, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Host (biology), Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Genetics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background In hyperspecialized parasites, the ability to grow on a particular host relies on specific virulence factors called effectors. These excreted proteins are involved in the molecular mechanisms of parasitism and distinguish virulent pathogens from non-virulent related species. The potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are major plant-parasitic nematodes developing on numerous solanaceous species including potato. Their close relatives, G. tabacum and G. mexicana are stimulated by potato root diffusate but unable to establish a feeding site on this plant host. Results RNA sequencing was used to characterize transcriptomic differences among these four Globodera species and to identify genes associated with host specificity. We identified seven transcripts that were unique to PCN species, including a protein involved in ubiquitination. We also found 545 genes that were differentially expressed between PCN and non-PCN species, including 78 genes coding for effector proteins, which represent more than a 6-fold enrichment compared to the whole transcriptome. Gene polymorphism analysis identified 359 homozygous non-synonymous variants showing a strong evidence for selection in PCN species. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrated that the determinant of host specificity resides in the regulation of essential effector gene expression that could be under the control of a single or of very few regulatory genes. Such genes are therefore promising targets for the development of novel and more sustainable resistances against potato cyst nematodes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5853-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019
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7. Adding attractive semio-chemical trait refines the taxonomy of Alpinobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Author: Thomas Lecocq, Paolo Biella, Denis Michez, Pierre Rasmont, Nicolas Brasero, Baptiste Martinet, Irena Valterová, Laboratoire de Zoologie [Mons], University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of South Bohemia, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), European Union's Horizon 2020 project INTERACT (730938), Czech Science Foundation (GACR GP14-10035P), University of South Bohemia (GA JU 152/2016/P), European Project: 0730938(2007), Université de Mons (UMons), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Martinet, B, Brasero, N, Lecocq, T, Biella, P, Valterova, I, Michez, D, and Rasmont, P
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Entomology, Species complex, taxonomie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], trait fonctionnel, Zoology, species, Hymenoptera, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemical trait, specie, bumblebees, species, cephalic labial gland secretions, arcto-alpine distribution, chemical trait, Alpinobombus, taxonomy, apidae, 03 medical and health sciences, apidae, taxonomie, trait fonctionnel, sécrétion glandulaire, taxonomy, cephalic labial gland secretions, cephalic labial gland secretion, Invertebrate Zoology, bumblebees, arcto-alpine distribution, Alpinobombus, sécrétion glandulaire, biology, Apidae, bumblebee, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Insect Science, Trait, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract: International audience; AbstractSpecies taxonomy of bumblebees (Bombus Latreille, 1802) is well known to be problematic due to a potentially high intra-specific variability of morphological traits while different species can converge locally to the same color pattern (cryptic species). Assessing species delimitation remains challenging because it requires to arbitrarily select variable traits whose accuracy continues to be debated. Integrative taxonomic approach seems to be very useful for this group as different independent traits are assessed to propose a rational taxonomic hypothesis. Among operational criteria to assess specific status, the reproductive traits involved in the pre-mating recognition (i.e., the male cephalic labial gland secretions, CLGS) have been premium information. Since these secretions are supposed to be species-specific, these chemical traits can bring essential information where species delimitation is debated. Here, we describe and compare the CLGS of 161 male specimens of nine Alpinobombus taxa: alpinus, balteatus, helleri, hyperboreus, kirbiellus, natvigi, neoboreus, polaris, and pyrrhopygus. We aim also to test the congruence between this new information (reproductive traits) and published genetic dataset. Our results emphasized six distinct groups with diagnostic major compounds: (a) alpinus + helleri with hexadec-9-en-1-ol; (b) polaris + pyrrhopygus with two major compounds hexadec-9-en-1-ol and hexadec-9-enal; (c) balteatus with tetradecyl acetate; (d) kirbiellus with geranyl geranyl acetate; (e) hyperboreus + natvigi with octadec-11-en-1-ol; (f) neoboreus with octadec-9-en-1-ol. Based on this new information, we can confirm the species status of B. alpinus, B. balteatus, B. hyperboreus, B. kirbiellus, B. neoboreus, and B. polaris. We also confirm the synonymy of helleri (Alps) with alpinus (Sweden). However, the specific status of natvigi (Alaska) and pyrrhopygus (Sweden) is questionable and these taxa do not have specific CLGS composition.
Published: 2018
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8. Sustainable Management of Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich): How Botanical Insecticides and Fungicides Should Promote an Ecofriendly Control Strategy

Author: Isabelle Boulogne, Lucienne Desfontaine, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Gladys Loranger-Merciris, Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, insecticide biologique, antilles, réduction de pesticides, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Positive control, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, zone tropicale, Bioassay, fourmi manioc, pathologie végétale, QH540-549.5, Fipronil, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, leaf-cutting ants, lethal times, fipronil, lethal doses, Ecology, food and beverages, gestion durable, Acromyrmex octospinosus, extrait végétal, Agricultural sciences, formicidae, Fungicide, hymenoptera, QH1-278.5, Natural history (General), analyse chimique, agriculture durable, dose létale, Biology, concentration letale, guadeloupe, Invertebrate Zoology, caraïbes, attini, essai in vitro, gestion intégrée des ravageurs, mammea americana, acromyrmex octospinosus, lutte intégrée, fungi, Lethal dose, insecta, fourmi champignonniste, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, biopesticide, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Biopesticide, QL1-991, chemistry, Mammea americana, chemical analysis, Insect Science, lethal concentrations, Zoology, Sciences agricoles, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) causes serious damage to crops and protected areas due to its foraging activity. The main method of control of this species consists of the use of synthetic insecticides that can lead to environmental damage and negative side effects on human health. Consequently, alternative strategies, such as biopesticides, are needed. Insecticide evaluation by ingestion assays was performed using A. octospinosus in vitro bioassay and laboratory nests. Chemical analyses were also performed to know the contents of plant extracts. This study showed that Mammea americana L. is the most promising insecticidal plant extract in the control of A. octospinosus. Indeed, the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC99) an the lethal dose (LD99) of the M. americana extract (51.31 mg.mL-1, 131.92 mg.mL-1, and 17.36 mg/g of ant respectively) were the closest to those of Fipronil, 0.03 g/kg, the commercial insecticide used as positive control.
Published: 2018
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9. De novo genome and transcriptome resources of the Adzuki bean borer Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Author: A. Bretaudeau, Carole Kerdelhué, Franck Dorkeld, Philippe Audiot, Réjane Streiff, Bernhard Gschloessl, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Plateforme bioinformatique GenOuest [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Plateforme Génomique Santé Biogenouest®-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), INRA (AIP Bioressources 2011) [SCOOP, INRA], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Plateforme Génomique Santé Biogenouest®-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Gschloessl, Bernhard
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gene prediction, Sequence assembly, Computational biology, De novo assembly, Genome, Transcriptome, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Ostrinia, 03 medical and health sciences, Invertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Science (General), Gene, Genetics, Genomics and Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:R858-859.7, GC-content, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: We present a draft genome assembly with a de novo prediction and automated functional annotation of coding genes, and a reference transcriptome of the Adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis, based on RNA sequencing of various tissues and developmental stages. The genome assembly spans 419 Mb, has a GC content of 37.4% and includes 26,120 predicted coding genes. The reference transcriptome holds 33,080 unigenes and contains a high proportion of a set of genes conserved in eukaryotes and arthropods, used as quality assessment of the reconstructed transcripts. The new genomic and transcriptomic data presented here significantly enrich the public sequence databases for the Crambidae and Lepidoptera, and represent useful resources for future researches related to the evolution and the adaptation of phytophagous moths. The genome and transcriptome assemblies have been deposited and made accessible via a NCBI BioProject (id PRJNA390510) and the LepidoDB database (http://bipaa.genouest.org/sp/ostrinia_scapulalis/). Keywords: De novo assembly, Genome, Transcriptome, Gene prediction, Lepidoptera, Crambidae
Published: 2018
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10. How many sightings to model rare marine species distributions

Author: Virgili, Auriane, Authier, Matthieu, Monestiez, Pascal, Ridoux, Vincent, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire PELAGIS UMS 3462 (PELAGIS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Aquatic Organisms, Distribution Curves, Species Delimitation, Databases, Factual, Speciation, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Predation, lcsh:Medicine, modélisation des données, banque de données, lcsh:Science, Conservation Science, Mammals, dauphin, Ecology, éclaircissement, Eukaryota, Habitats, Trophic Interactions, Community Ecology, Area Under Curve, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, répartition spécifique, Research Article, Statistical Distributions, Conservation of Natural Resources, Evolutionary Processes, Dolphins, Animal Types, Marine Biology, Large Animals, Models, Biological, Invertebrate Zoology, Animals, espèce rare, Marine Mammals, milieu marin, Ecosystem, Demography, Evolutionary Biology, estimation prédictive, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Probability Theory, Probability Distribution, Zoologie des invertébrés, Amniotes, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Zoology, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Despite large efforts, datasets with few sightings are often available for rare species of marine megafauna that typically live at low densities. This paucity of data makes modelling the habitat of these taxa particularly challenging. We tested the predictive performance of different types of species distribution models fitted to decreasing numbers of sightings. Gen-eralised additive models (GAMs) with three different residual distributions and the presence only model MaxEnt were tested on two megafauna case studies differing in both the number of sightings and ecological niches. From a dolphin (277 sightings) and an auk (1,455 sight-ings) datasets, we simulated rarity with a sighting thinning protocol by random sampling(without replacement) of a decreasing fraction of sightings. Better prediction of the distribu-tion of a rarely sighted species occupying a narrow habitat (auk dataset) was expected com-pared to the distribution of a rarely sighted species occupying a broad habitat (dolphin dataset). We used the original datasets to set up a baseline model and fitted additional mod-els on fewer sightings but keeping effort constant. Model predictive performance was assessed with mean squared error and area under the curve. Predictions provided by the models fitted to the thinned-out datasets were better than a homogeneous spatial distribu-tion down to a threshold of approximately 30 sightings for a GAM with a Tweedie distribution and approximately 130 sightings for the other models. Thinning the sighting data for the taxon with narrower habitats seemed to be less detrimental to model predictive performance than for the broader habitat taxon. To generate reliable habitat modelling predictions for rarely sighted marine predators, our results suggest (1) using GAMs with a Tweedie distribu-tion with presence-absence data and (2) implementing, as a conservative empirical mea-sure, at least 50 sightings in the models.
Published: 2018
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11. Desiccation resistance: effect of cuticular hydrocarbons and water content in Drosophila melanogaster adults

Author: Cortot, Jérôme, Rihani, Karen, Cobb, Matthew, Everaerts, Claude, and Ferveur, Jean-François
Subjects: Animal biology, déshydratation, sélection génétique, insecte diptere, Biodiversité et Ecologie, drosophila, Zoologie des invertébrés, désaturase, Biodiversity and Ecology, Invertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, insect, Drosophila, selection, dehydration, cuticle, fat body, desaturase, taille corporelle, cuticule
Abstract: Background: The insect cuticle covers the whole body and all appendages and has bi-directionnal selective permeability: it protects against environmental stress and pathogen infection and also helps to reduce water loss. The adult cuticle is often associated with a superficial layer of fatty acid-derived molecules such as waxes and long chain hydrocarbons that prevent rapid dehydration. The waterproofing properties of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) depend on their chain length and desaturation number. Drosophila CH biosynthesis involves an enzymatic pathway including several elongase and desaturase enzymes. Methods: The link between desiccation resistance and CH profile remains unclear, so we tested (1) experimentally selected desiccation-resistant lines, (2) transgenic flies with altered desaturase expression and (3) natural and laboratory-induced CH variants. We also explored the possible relationship between desiccation resistance, relative water content and fecundity in females. Results: We found that increased desiccation resistance is linked with the increased proportion of desaturated CHs, but not with their total amount. Experimentally-induced desiccation resistance and CH variation both remained stable after many generations without selection. Conversely, flies with a higher water content and a lower proportion of desaturated CHs showed reduced desiccation resistance. This was also the case in flies with defective desaturase expression in the fat body. Discussion: We conclude that rapidly acquired desiccation resistance, depending on both CH profile and water content, can remain stable without selection in a humid environment. These three phenotypes, which might be expected to show a simple relationship, turn out to have complex physiological and genetic links.
Published: 2018

12. Developing reduced SNP assays from whole-genome sequence data to estimate introgression in an organism with complex genetic patterns, the Iberian honeybee (Apis mellifera iberiensis)

Author: M. Alice Pinto, Matthew T. Webster, Andreas Wallberg, Alain Vignal, Melanie Parejo, Dora Henriques, David Wragg, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambienta (CBMA), Agroscope, University of Bern, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Roslin Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Centro de Investigação de Montanha [Bragança, Portugal] (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Apis mellifera iberiensis, informative SNPs, Introgression, Population genetics, SNP, honeybee, Microarray, Genome, Fixation index, Evolutionsbiologi, 03 medical and health sciences, Pollinator, Invertebrate Zoology, fixation index, reduced SNP assays, apis mellifera iberiensis, Genetics, Genetik, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, Whole genome sequencing, Evolutionary Biology, biology, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Original Article, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: The most important managed pollinator, the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), has been subject to a growing number of threats. In western Europe, one such threat is large- scale introductions of commercial strains (C- lineage ancestry), which is leading to introgressive hybridization and even the local extinction of native honeybee populations (M- lineage ancestry). Here, we developed reduced assays of highly informative SNPs from 176 whole genomes to estimate C- lineage introgression in the most diverse and evolutionarily complex subspecies in Europe, the Iberian honeybee (Apis mellifera iberiensis). We started by evaluating the effects of sample size and sampling a geographically restricted area on the number of highly informative SNPs. We demonstrated that a bias in the number of fixed SNPs (FST = 1) is introduced when the sample size is small (N ≤ 10) and when sampling only captures a small fraction of a population’s genetic diversity. These results underscore the importance of having a representative sample when developing reliable reduced SNP assays for organisms with complex genetic patterns. We used a training data set to design four independent SNP assays selected from pairwise FST between the Iberian and C- lineage honeybees. The designed assays, which were validated in holdout and simulated hybrid data sets, proved to be highly accurate and can be readily used for monitoring populations not only in the native range of A. m. iberiensis in Iberia but also in the introduced range in the Balearic islands, Macaronesia and South America, in a time- and cost- effective manner. While our approach used the Iberian honeybee as model system, it has a high value in a wide range of scenarios for the monitoring and conservation of potentially hybridized domestic and wildlife populations. We thank numerous researchers, beekeepers and beekeeping associations who provided samples and assisted with sampling in the several countries. João Costa, Instituto Gulbenkian Ciência, designed the multiplexes with the Assay Design tool. José Rufino provided computational resources at IPB. A. m. ligustica drone samples were kindly provided by Cecilia Costa, from the Council for Agricultura Research and Economics Honey Bee and Silkworm Unit, Bologna, Italy. John C. Patton, Phillip San Miguel, Paul Parker, Rick Westerman, from the University of Purdue, USA, sequenced most honeybees and many reference samples. Reference samples were also sequenced at the GeT PlaGe platform in Toulouse, France. An earlier version of the manuscript was improved by the constructive comments made by two anonymous reviewers. Dora Henriques was supported by a PhD scholarship from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BD/84195/2012) and Melanie Parejo by the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture FOAG and the Sur-la- Croix foundation, Basel. MAP is a member of and receives support from the COST Action FA1307 (SUPER-B). Analyses were performed at UPPMAX, Uppsala University, and UBELIX, University of Bern. The Roslin Institute was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Services Research Council (BBS/E/D/20211551). This research was funded through the projects PTDC/BIA-BEC/ 099640/2008 (FCT and COMPETE/ QREN/EU) and the 2013-2014 BiodivERsA/FACCE-JPI joint call for research proposals, with the national funders FCT (Portugal), “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (France) and “Ministério de Economia y Competividade” (Spain) to MAP. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2018
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13. Systematics of Phyllocnistis leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on dogwood (Cornus spp.) in Northeast Asia, with the description of three new species

Author: Toshiya Hirowatari, Camiel Doorenweerd, Min Wang, Guo Hua Huang, Shigeki Kobayashi, Issei Ohshima, Natalia Kirichenko, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Paolo Triberti, Emmanuelle Magnoux, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Osaka Prefecture University, Kyushu University, University of Hawaii, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Hunan Agricultural University, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Insecta, Cornus alba, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Russia, Japan, Phyllocnistis, new species, Cornus, China, nuclear genes, Wolbachia, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:QL1-991, évolution, Plantae, Cornales, biology, espèce nouvelle, Lepidoptera, Taxonomy (biology), japon, Systematics, code barre adn, Arthropoda, gracillariidae, 010607 zoology, Cornaceae, Phyllocnistinae, 010603 evolutionary biology, russie, Lepidoptera genitalia, Magnoliopsida, Invertebrate Zoology, Botany, cornus, phylogénie, Animalia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Gracillarioidea, chine, wolbachia, gène nucléaire, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Tracheophyta, caractère morphologique, Animal Science and Zoology, Gracillariidae, phyllocnistis
Abstract: International audience; During an ongoing DNA-barcoding campaign of the leaf-mining moths that feed on woody plants in Northeast Asia, four lineages of the genus Phyllocnistis (Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae) were discovered on dogwood (Cornus spp): P. cornella Ermolaev, 1987 on C. controversa Hemsl. (Japan: Hokkaido) and three new species - one feeding on C. controversa, C. florida L. and C. macrophylla Wall. in Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), a second species on C. macrophylla in China (Yunnan) and a third on Siberian dogwood Cornus alba L. in Russia (Siberia). All these species showed differences in morphology, in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene and in two nuclear genes (histone H3 and 28S ribosomal RNA). No correlation was found between the deep mitochondrial splits observed and the Wolbachia infection pattern. Based on both morphological and molecular evidence, the three recently discovered lineages are described here as new species: P. indistincta Kobayashi & Triberti, sp. n. (Japan), P. saepta Kirichenko, Ohshima & Huang, sp. n. (China) and P. verae Kirichenko, Triberti & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. n. (Russia). In addition, the authors re-describe the adult morphology of P. cornella, provide the first record of this species from Japan and highlight the diagnostic characters that allow these Cornus-feeding Phyllocnistis species to be distinguished.
Published: 2018
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14. Genome Sequence of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus, Representing an Early-Branching Lineage of the Hymenoptera, Illuminates Evolution of Hymenopteran Chemoreceptors

Author: David K. Weaver, Brad S. Coates, Robert M. Waterhouse, Hugh M. Robertson, Joanna C. Gress, Livio Ruzzante, Sezgi Biyiklioglu, Kevin W. Wanner, Maarten J.M.F. Reijnders, Hikmet Budak, Kimberly K. O. Walden, Fabrice Legeai, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Montana State University (MSU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Subfamily, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome, Insect, odorant-binding protein, Hymenoptera, Receptors, Odorant, Evolution, Molecular, odorant receptor, 03 medical and health sciences, Invertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, Genetics, Animals, Gene family, Apocrita, ionotropic receptor, Cephidae, Gene, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Animal biology, biology, insecte ravageur, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, gustatory receptor, Zoologie des invertébrés, MicroRNAs, Cephoidea, Sawfly, 030104 developmental biology, séquençage du génome, récepteur chimiosensoriel, Evolutionary biology, DNA Transposable Elements, Female, Hymenoptera/genetics, Insect Proteins/genetics, MicroRNAs/genetics, Receptors, Odorant/genetics, Insect Proteins, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, is a major pest of wheat and key ecological player in the grasslands of western North America. It also represents the distinctive Cephoidea superfamily of sawflies (Symphyta) that appeared early during the hymenopteran radiation, but after three early-branching eusymphytan superfamilies that form the base of the order Hymenoptera. We present a high-quality draft genome assembly of 162 Mbp in 1,976 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 622 kbp. Automated gene annotation identified 11,210 protein-coding gene models and 1,307 non-coding RNA models. Thirteen percent of the assembly consists of ∼58,000 transposable elements partitioned equally between Class-I and Class-II elements. Orthology analysis reveals that 86% of Cephus proteins have identifiable orthologs in other insects. Phylogenomic analysis of conserved subsets of these proteins supports the placement of the Cephoidea between the Eusymphyta and the parasitic woodwasp superfamily Orussoidea. Manual annotation and phylogenetic analysis of families of odorant, gustatory, and ionotropic receptors, plus odorant binding proteins, shows that Cephus has representatives for most conserved and expanded gene lineages in the Apocrita (wasps, ants, and bees). Cephus has also maintained several insect gene lineages that have been lost from the Apocrita, most prominently the carbon dioxide receptor subfamily. Furthermore, Cephus encodes a few small lineage-specific chemoreceptor gene family expansions that might be involved in adaptations to new grasses including wheat. These comparative analyses identify gene family members likely to have been present in the hymenopteran ancestor and provide a new perspective on the evolution of the chemosensory gene repertoire.
Published: 2018
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15. Factors of honeybee colony performances on sunflower at apiary scale

Author: André Kretzschmar, Léa Frontero, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Association de développement de l'Apiculture en Aquitaine (ADAAQ)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, structure de population, fleur de tournesol, Varroa, Apiary, miellée de tournesol, lcsh:TP670-699, honeybee, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Toxicology, colonie d'abeilles, structure de la population, apis mellifera, Invertebrate Zoology, Statistical analysis, sunflower honey flow, weight gain, population structure, abeille domestique, gain de poids, biology, analyse statistique, biology.organism_classification, Sunflower, Zoologie des invertébrés, Brood, Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, miellée, lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes, Scale (map), Agronomy and Crop Science, Sunflower Honey, Sciences agricoles, Food Science
Abstract: An observatory of honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera), consisting of at least 200 colonies, divided into 10 apiaries of 20 colonies, was monitored for three years on sunflower honeyflow (2015-2017). The purpose of this observatory is to understand which factors control colony performance during sunflower honeyflow in south-western France. From the temporal dynamics of weight gain, statistical analysis reveals a hierarchy of factors. First, variability in apiary scale performance is an image of the effect of resource variability. But, in addition to this primordial factor, two other factors contribute very significantly to performance. On the one hand, the amount of capped brood and the number of bees at the time of the installation of the apiary: these two elements testify to the vitality of the colony. The second remarkable factor is the Varroa load, which strongly penalizes performance beyond a certain threshold. The negative effect of the Varroa load on the colony performance is minimized in case of abondant sunflower honey flow., Un observatoire de colonies d'abeilles domestiques (Apis mellifera), constitué d'au moins 200 colonies, réparties en 10 ruchers de 20 colonies, a été suivi pendant trois ans (2015–2017). Le but de cet observatoire est de comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui contrôlent la performance des colonies pendant la miellée de tournesol dans le sud-ouest de la France. À partir de la dynamique temporelle du gain de poids, l'analyse statistique permet de faire apparaître une hiérarchisation des facteurs. En premier lieu, la variabilité de la performance à l'échelle des ruchers est une image de l'effet de la variabilité de la ressource. Mais, en complément de ce facteur primordial, deux autres facteurs contribuent très significativement à la performance. Il s'agit de la vitalité de la colonie représentée par la quantité de couvain operculé et le nombre d'abeilles au moment de l'installation du rucher sur la miellée. Le deuxième facteur remarquable est la charge en Varroa qui pénalise fortement la performance au-delà d'un certain seuil. La pénalisation de la performance due à la charge en Varroa est moindre en cas de miellée de tournesol aboudante.
Published: 2017
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16. Companion Plants for Aphid Pest Management

Author: Refka Ben-Issa, Laurent Gomez, Hélène Gautier, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, trap plant, Review, plante hôte, natural enemies, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Pharmaceutical sciences, Invertebrate Zoology, Natural enemies, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Aphid, repellent, biology, Agroforestry, Host (biology), business.industry, fungi, Pest control, food and beverages, companion plant, Intercropping, intercropping, aphid, volatiles, 15. Life on land, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, lutte contre les ravageurs, Cultural control, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, ennemi naturel, Agronomy, puceron, Insect Science, lcsh:Q, Sciences pharmaceutiques, culture intercalaire, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; A potential strategy for controlling pests is through the use of "companion plants" within a crop system. This strategy has been used in several trials to fight against a major crop insect pest: the aphid. We reviewed the literature to highlight the major mechanisms by which a companion plant may act. Trials carried out under laboratory or field conditions revealed that companion plants operate through several mechanisms. A companion plant may be associated with a target crop for various reasons. Firstly, it can attract aphids and draw them away from their host plants. Secondly, it can alter the recognition of the host plant. This effect is mostly attributed to companion plant volatiles since they disturb the aphid host plant location, and additionally they may react chemically and physiologically with the host plant, making it an unsuitable host for aphids. Thirdly, it can attract natural enemies by providing shelter and food resources. In this review, the feasibility of using companion plants is discussed. We conclude that many factors need to be taken into account for a successful companion plant strategy. For the best long-term results, companion plant strategies have to be combined with other alternative approaches against aphids.
Published: 2017
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17. Spodoptera frugiperda tissue-specific transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae

Author: George, Simon, Girard, Pierre-Alain, Ravallec, Marc, Negre, Nicolas, Duvic, Bernard, and Huot, Louise
Subjects: Innate immunity, steinernema carpocapsae, Immunité innée, Invertebrate Zoology, spodoptera, Zoologie des invertébrés
Published: 2017

18. How many insects can a great tit population prey on in apple organic orchards? A modelling bioenergetics study

Author: Jean-Charles Bouvier, Thomas Boivin, Thomas Delattre, Claire Lavigne, Michel Génard, Françoise Lescourret, Jean-François Toubon, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), and Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, bird, changement de température, Bioenergetics, verger de pommes, Population, Context (language use), Horticulture, arthropods, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Ecosystem services, Invertebrate Zoology, Parus major, arthropod, population dynamics, pest, organisme nuisible, arthropode, education, model, population dynamic, energy requirement, approche ecosystémique, Parus, besoin énergétique, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, insectivore, Insectivore, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Brood, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, dynamique des populations, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, pests, bioénergétique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 10. International Symposium on Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management Location: Montpellier, FRANCE Date: JUN 05, 2015; Orchards represent relevant study systems for investigating the functional role of insectivorous birds as regulators of pest insect populations. In this context, we used a bioenergetics model (Wiens and Innis, 1974) to estimate the seasonal variation in daily insect consumption by natural populations of the great tit (Parus major) in organic apple orchards. This model allowed us to estimate the changes in both adult densities and energy requirements in a P. major population, using field-measured parameters such as the brood size, and the length of incubation. The calculation of insect consumption rate by birds was based on both the existing literature on great tit diets and the simulated energy requirement of a great tit population. The effect of a temperature increase on energy requirement has been quantified. This study opens the way to consider the functional role of birds in agricultural landscapes and how this role may translate to ecosystem services.
Published: 2017
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19. Attractancy of bacterivorous nematodes to root-adhering soils differs according to rice cultivars

Author: Alain Ramanantsoanirina, Mathilde Sester, Eric Blanchart, Laurent Cournac, Jean Trap, Mahafaka Patricia Ranoarisoa, Claude Plassard, Kirsten Vom Brocke, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire des Radio Isotopes, Université d'Antananarivo, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), SRR FOFIFA, Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR Eco&Sols, LMI IESOL, Centre IRD/ISRA de Bel Air, Labex Agro: ANR-10-LabX-001-01, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Radio-Isotopes (LRI), Université d'Antananarivo, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes (LRI), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, exsudat, sol ferrallitique, madagascar, Plant Science, Upland rice cultivar, Acrobeloides sp, Nematode attractancy, Ferrallitic soil, Madagascar, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Interactions biologiques, Cultivar, nématode, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, Vegetal Biology, riziculture, nématode bactériophage, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Physiologie végétale, Horticulture, medicine.symptom, Micro-organisme du sol, Nématode à vie libre, Exudate, Ferralsol, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, Biology, transudates, Invertebrate Zoology, medicine, Riz pluvial, ferrallitic soil, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant breeding, Variété, Inoculation, fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Amélioration des plantes, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Nematode, Agronomy, Rhizosphère, rice growing, Striga asiatica, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We tested the ability of root-adhering soils (RAS) from eight rice cultivars to attract a bacterivorous nematode (Acrobeloides sp.) living in a poor-nutrient soil in Madagascar. We showed that the ability of rice to attract bacterivorous nematodes in its rhizosphere is variable among cultivars. FOFIFA 172 was the cultivar with the highest attraction value, the lowest root biomass (RB) and the highest RAS:RB ratio and RAS respiration. In contrast, nematodes exhibited strong repellent response to W880 RAS. Also, nematode attractancy was not related to rice resistance against pests (blast rice disease and Striga asiatica) neither to cultivar ability to grow at specific altitude. Our results suggest a trade-off in carbon allocation between plant biomass and root exudation driving nematode attractancy and raise questions about the impact of plant breeding on cultivar ability to interact with soil mutualists such as bacterivorous nematodes. Further investigations are required into (i) variation in root exudate quantity and composition among the eight cultivars and (ii) the response of rice cultivars to bacterivorous nematode inoculation.
Published: 2017
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20. Litter and fauna functional identity effects on litter decomposition

Author: Tran, Cécile, Cruz, Pablo, Hedde, Mickael, Jouany, Claire, Lecloux, Eric, Nahmani, Johanne, Chauvet, Eric, Lecerf, Antoine, Pey, Benjamin, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology, Zoologie des invertébrés, complex mixtures
Abstract: Main issue : is functional biodiversity as a key driver of organic matter degradation ?• Soil fauna represents a huge diversity of soil animals involved in a great number of soil ecosystem services (Lavelle et al. 2002, Kibblewhite et al., 2008)• In spite of their crucial issues, the relations between soil fauna biodiversity and soil behaviour are still poorly understood and very poorly predicted.• The use of functional groups and trait-based approaches improved the understanding of soil invertebrate diversity effect on soil functions compared to historiccaly taxonomic approaches.• Soil macrodetritiovres roles are pivotal in sofar as they are implied in organic matter degradation and participate to the regulation of biogeochemical cycles of elements such as carbon and nitrogen• Studies using a functional approach mainly concern litter decomposition in forest systems. Meadow systems are scarcely studied.• There are only scarce studies which dela with both functional diversity of litter and soil invertebrates.
Published: 2016

21. Identification of the Sex Pheromone of a Protected Species, the Spanish Moon Moth Graellsia isabellae

Author: Jocelyn G. Millar, Neus Marí-Mena, Marta Vila, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, J. Steven McElfresh, Carmen Romero, Department of Entomology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Universidade da Coruña, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Protected species, Endangered species, Pheromone, Insect, Moths, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, POPULATION BIOLOGY, Graellsia isabellae, SPANISH MOON MOTH, PROTECTED SPECIES, PHEROMONE TRAP, BIOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION, SPECIES CONSERVATION, INSECTE, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, CONSERVATION DES ESPECES, Saturniidae, (4E,6E,11Z)-hexadecatrienal, Sex Attractants, media_common, Ecology, biology, Life Sciences, Agriculture, General Medicine, Lepidoptera, Sex pheromone, Female, europe, espèce protégée, piège sexuel, Conservation of Natural Resources, Chromatography, Gas, media_common.quotation_subject, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Lepidoptera genitalia, Invertebrate Zoology, Animals, phéromone, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Solid Phase Microextraction, Biological Microscopy, identification biochimique, fungi, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Biochemistry, general, 010602 entomology, Entomology
Abstract: Sex attractant pheromones are highly sensitive and selective tools for detecting and monitoring populations of insects, yet there has been only one reported case of pheromones being used to monitor protected species. Here, we report the identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of a protected European moth species, Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), as the single component, (4E,6E,11Z)-hexadecatrienal. In preliminary field trials, lures loaded with this compound attracted male moths from populations of this species at a number of widely separated field sites in France, Switzerland, and Spain, clearly demonstrating the utility of pheromones in sampling potentially endangered insect species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10886-010-9831-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2010
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22. Drosophila Food-Associated Pheromones: Effect of Experience, Genotype and Antibiotics on Larval Behavior

Author: Jérôme Cortot, Julien Thibert, Jean-François Ferveur, Jean-Pierre Farine, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Insb) Burgundy Regional Council (PARI) Universite de BourgogneAgence nationale de la Recherche (GUSTAILE) CONICYT MEC80140013, Ferveur, Jean-François, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, melanogaster, lcsh:Medicine, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biochemistry, Pheromones, Larvae, Antibiotics, Medicine and Health Sciences, insects, lcsh:Science, Animal Signaling and Communication, Larva, Multidisciplinary, Insect Metamorphosis, biology, Animal Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, Antimicrobials, communication, Drosophila Melanogaster, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, aggression, sex-pheromones, Drugs, Animal Models, Attraction, Pupa, Sex pheromone, courtship, Neurosciences (Sciences cognitives), Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Cues, recognition, Pupariation, Research Article, attraction, Computer and Information Sciences, Arthropoda, Genotype, Zoology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Invertebrate Zoology, SEX-PHEROMONES, MELANOGASTER, AGGRESSION, COURTSHIP, COMMUNICATION, RECOGNITION, ATTRACTION, EVOLUTION, MUTATION, INSECTS, Microbial Control, evolution, Animals, Sensory cue, Pharmacology, Behavior, Metamorphosis, Data Visualization, lcsh:R, fungi, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Pupae, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Invertebrates, Color Codes, 030104 developmental biology, Food, Odorants, lcsh:Q, mutation, Entomology, Neuroscience, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Animals ubiquitously use chemical signals to communicate many aspects of their social life. These chemical signals often consist of environmental cues mixed with species-specific signals-pheromones-emitted by conspecifics. During their life, insects can use pheromones to aggregate, disperse, choose a mate, or find the most suitable food source on which to lay eggs. Before pupariation, larvae of several Drosophila species migrate to food sources depending on their composition and the presence of pheromones. Some pheromones derive from microbiota gut activity and these food-associated cues can enhance larval attraction or repulsion. To explore the mechanisms underlying the preference (attraction/repulsion) to these cues and clarify their effect, we manipulated factors potentially involved in larval response. In particular, we found that the (i) early exposure to conspecifics, (ii) genotype, and (iii) antibiotic treatment changed D. melanogaster larval behavior. Generally, larvae-tested either individually or in groups-strongly avoided food processed by other larvae. Compared to previous reports on larval attractive pheromones, our data suggest that such attractive effects are largely masked by food-associated compounds eliciting larval aversion. The antagonistic effect of attractive vs. aversive compounds could modulate larval choice of a pupariation site and impact the dispersion of individuals in nature.
Published: 2016
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23. Mealybug species from Chilean agricultural landscapes and main factors influencing the genetic structure of [i]Pseudococcus viburni[/i]

Author: Thibaut Malausa, Margarita C. G. Correa, Andrés Alvear, Ferran Palero, Didier Crochard, Eric Lombaert, Tania Zaviezo, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Xilema Control Biológico, Chile CONICYT Doctoral fellowship n°21110864, CONICYT 'Tesis en la Industria' n°7812110011, Marie-Curie IRSES 'IPRABIO' n°269196, Marie-Curie IAPP 'COLBICS' n°324475, European Project: 265865, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Population, Genome, Insect, DNA barcoding, Pseudococcus viburni, Article, Hemiptera, Invertebrate Zoology, Planococcus citri, Genetic variation, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Animals, Cluster Analysis, Mealybug, Chile, education, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Geography, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Agriculture, chili, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, agroécosystème, Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, structure génétique, Genetics, Population, Genetic structure, pseudococcidae, Gene-Environment Interaction, Sciences agricoles, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: The present study aimed to characterize the distribution of mealybug species along Chilean agro-ecosystems and to determine the relative impact of host plant, management strategy, geography and micro-environment on shaping the distribution and genetic structure of the obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni. An extensive survey was completed using DNA barcoding methods to identify Chilean mealybugs to the species level. Moreover, a fine-scale study of Ps. viburni genetic diversity and population structure was carried out, genotyping 529 Ps. viburni individuals with 21 microsatellite markers. Samples from 16 localities were analyzed using Bayesian and spatially-explicit methods and the genetic dataset was confronted to host-plant, management and environmental data. Chilean crops were found to be infested by Ps. viburni, Pseudococcus meridionalis, Pseudococcus longispinus and Planococcus citri, with Ps. viburni and Ps. meridionalis showing contrasting distribution and host-plant preference patterns. Ps. viburni samples presented low genetic diversity levels but high genetic differentiation. While no significant genetic variance could be assigned to host-plant or management strategy, climate and geography were found to correlate significantly with genetic differentiation levels. The genetic characterization of Ps. viburni within Chile will contribute to future studies tracing back the origin and improving the management of this worldwide invader.
Published: 2015
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24. Phalacrococcus howertoni Hodges & Hodgson (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a new soft scale record for the island of Guadeloupe

Author: Jean Etienne, Danièle Matile-Ferrero, Takumasa Kondo, Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chercheur indépendant, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (corpoica), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: antilles, Biodiversité et Ecologie, entomologie, plante hôte, lcsh:Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecology, Phalacrococcus howertoni, guadeloupe, soft scale, scale insect, Invertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, caraïbes, lcsh:Agriculture (General), cochenille, lcsh:SF1-1100, Animal biology, coccoidea, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Coccid, lcsh:S, lcsh:S1-972, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The croton scale, Phalacrococcus howertoni Hodges & Hodgson (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) is newly reported from the island of Guadeloupe, French West Indies, on several host-plants, including some new host records, i.e., on Spondias cytherea Sonnerat; (Euphorbiaceae), Ocotea membranacea (Sw.) R.A. Howard (Lauraceae), Miconia furfuracea (Vahl) Griseb (Melastomataceae), Ficus citrifolia Mill. (Moraceae) and Piper dilatatum Rich. (Piperaceae)., La escama blanda del croton Phalacrococcus howertoni Hodges & Hodgson (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) se reporta por primera vez en la isla de Guadeloupe, Antillas Francesas, sobre varias plantas, incluyendo nuevos hospedantes, i.e., Spondias cytherea Sonnerat; (Euphorbiaceae), Ocotea membranacea (Sw.) R.A. Howard (Lauraceae), Miconia furfuracea (Vahl) Griseb (Melastomataceae), Ficus citrifolia Mill. (Moraceae) y Piper dilatatum Rich. (Piperaceae).
Published: 2014
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25. Food-web structure in relation to environmental gradients and predator-prey ratios in tank-bromeliad ecosystems

Author: Régis Céréghino, Jean-François Carrias, Alain Dejean, Bruno Corbara, Olivier Dézerald, Céline Leroy, Laurent Pélozuelo, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Programme Amazonie II of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Project 2ID), Programme Convergence 2007–2013 (Région Guyane) from the European Community (Project DEGA), 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA) [ANR-10-LABX-0025], CNRS, FSE (Fond Social Européen), AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - LMGE (Aubière, France), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dézerald, Olivier
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Generalist and specialist species, 01 natural sciences, Food chain, Predator-Prey Dynamics, Food Web Structure, Community Assembly, lcsh:Science, Freshwater Ecology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, Environmental gradients, Food web, Trophic Interactions, French Guiana, Habitat, Community Ecology, Nestedness, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Food Chain, Tank-bromeliads, Bromelia, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, Ecosystems, Predators prey ratios, Animals, Community Structure, Ecologie, Environnement, Population Biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Detritivore, Species diversity, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, Food-web structure, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Species Interactions, Predatory Behavior, lcsh:Q, Population Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecological Environments
Abstract: International audience; Little is known of how linkage patterns between species change along environmental gradients. The small, spatially discrete food webs inhabiting tank-bromeliads provide an excellent opportunity to analyse patterns of community diversity and food-web topology (connectance, linkage density, nestedness) in relation to key environmental variables (habitat size, detrital resource, incident radiation) and predators: prey ratios. We sampled 365 bromeliads in a wide range of understorey environments in French Guiana and used gut contents of invertebrates to draw the corresponding 365 connectance webs. At the bromeliad scale, habitat size (water volume) determined the number of species that constitute food-web nodes, the proportion of predators, and food-web topology. The number of species as well as the proportion of predators within bromeliads declined from open to forested habitats, where the volume of water collected by bromeliads was generally lower because of rainfall interception by the canopy. A core group of microorganisms and generalist detritivores remained relatively constant across environments. This suggests that (i) a highly-connected core ensures food-web stability and key ecosystem functions across environments, and (ii) larger deviations in food-web structures can be expected following disturbance if detritivores share traits that determine responses to environmental changes. While linkage density and nestedness were lower in bromeliads in the forest than in open areas, experiments are needed to confirm a trend for lower food-web stability in the understorey of primary forests.
Published: 2013
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26. Mutualistic ants contribute to tank-bromeliad nutrition

Author: Bruno Corbara, Régis Céréghino, Laurent Pélozuelo, Alain Dejean, Olivier Brouard, Céline Leroy, Jean-François Carrias, Olivier Dézerald, AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - LMGE (Aubière, France), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA) [ANR-10-LABX-0025], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bromeliaceae, δ¹⁵N, tank bromeliad, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Predation, d15N, Nutrient, Photosynthesis, Predator, delta N-15, Trophic level, Stable isotopes, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Ecology, Food webs, food and beverages, Food web, French Guiana, Algae, Nitrogen, stable isotopes, ants, Formicinae, 010603 evolutionary biology, Botany, Animals, Organic matter, Symbiosis, Ecologie, Environnement, Phytotelmata, Nitrogen Isotopes, Ants, fungi, mutualistic interactions, Water, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Myrmecotrophy, Zoologie des invertébrés, Tank bromeliad, Mutualistic interactions, chemistry, food webs, phytotelmata, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Background and AimsEpiphytism imposes physiological constraints resulting from the lack of access to the nutrient sources available to ground-rooted plants. A conspicuous adaptation in response to that lack is the phytotelm (plant-held waters) of tank-bromeliad species that are often nutrient-rich. Associations with terrestrial invertebrates also result in higher plant nutrient acquisition. Assuming that tank-bromeliads rely on reservoir-assisted nutrition, it was hypothesized that the dual association with mutualistic ants and the phytotelm food web provides greater nutritional benefits to the plant compared with those bromeliads involved in only one of these two associations.MethodsQuantitative (water volume, amount of fine particulate organic matter, predator/prey ratio, algal density) and qualitative variables (ant-association and photosynthetic pathways) were compared for eight tank- and one tankless-bromeliad morphospecies from French Guiana. An analysis was also made of which of these variables affect nitrogen acquisition (leaf N and δ(15)N).Key ResultsAll variables were significantly different between tank-bromeliad species. Leaf N concentrations and leaf δ(15)N were both positively correlated with the presence of mutualistic ants. The amount of fine particulate organic matter and predator/prey ratio had a positive and negative effect on leaf δ(15)N, respectively. Water volume was positively correlated with leaf N concentration whereas algal density was negatively correlated. Finally, the photosynthetic pathway (C3 vs. CAM) was positively correlated with leaf N concentration with a slightly higher N concentration for C3-Tillandsioideae compared with CAM-Bromelioideae.ConclusionsThe study suggests that some of the differences in N nutrition between bromeliad species can be explained by the presence of mutualistic ants. From a nutritional standpoint, it is more advantageous for a bromeliad to use myrmecotrophy via its roots than to use carnivory via its tank. The results highlight a gap in our knowledge of the reciprocal interactions between bromeliads and the various trophic levels (from bacteria to large metazoan predators) that intervene in reservoir-assisted nutrition.
Published: 2013
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27. Invertebrate distribution patterns and river typology for the implementation of the water framework directive in Martinique, French Lesser Antilles

Author: Nicolas Bargier, Heliott Touron-Poncet, Arthur Compin, Régis Céréghino, Catherine Desrosiers, Caroline Bernadet, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Asconit Consultants, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Asconit consultants (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Land cover, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Canonical correspondence analysis, Indicators, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:SH1-691, Ecologie, Environnement, River classification, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reference conditions, 15. Life on land, biological indicators, Biological, Zoologie des invertébrés, Tropical rivers, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Overseas regions, Geography, Habitat, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Géomorphologie, Martinique
Abstract: International audience; Over the past decade, Europe's Water Framework Directive provided compelling reasons for developing tools for the biological assessment of freshwater ecosystem health in member States. Yet, the lack of published study for Europe's overseas regions reflects minimal knowledge of the distribution patterns of aquatic species in Community's outermost areas. Benthic invertebrates (84 taxa) and land cover, physical habitat and water chemistry descriptors (26 variables) were recorded at fifty-one stations in Martinique, French Lesser Antilles. Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Ward's algorithm were used to bring out patterns in community structure in relation to environmental conditions, and variation partitioning was used to specify the influence of geomorphology and anthropogenic disturbance on invertebrate communities. Species richness decreased from headwater to lowland streams, and species composition changed from northern to southern areas. The proportion of variation explained by geomorphological variables was globally higher than that explained by anthropogenic variables. Geomorphology and land cover played key roles in delineating ecological sub-regions for the freshwater biota. Despite this and the small surface area of Martinique (1080 km²), invertebrate communities showed a clear spatial turnover in composition and biological traits (e.g., insects, crustaceans and molluscs) in relation to natural conditions.
Published: 2013
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28. Predation success by a plant-ant indirectly favours the growth and fitness of its host myrmecophyte

Author: Pierre-Jean G. Malé, Vivien Rossi, Jérôme Orivel, Jérémie Lauth, Alain Dejean, Céline Leroy, Olivier Roux, Régis Céréghino, Dejean, Alain, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), French Labex CEBA 2012 (The laboratory of Excellence Centre for Studies of Amazonian Biodiversity), Tripartite associations and Plant Nutrition (Tri-Nutri), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole - ENSFEA (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique - EDB (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Plant-ant, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Relation plante animal, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Science, Allomerus decemarticulatus, Mutualism (biology), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, food and beverages, Plants, Nutrition des plantes, Trophic Interactions, 010601 ecology, Community Ecology, L20 - Écologie animale, Research Article, Plante hôte, F40 - Écologie végétale, Ecological Metrics, Biochimie, Symbiose, Myrmecophyte, Mutualisms, 010603 evolutionary biology, Chrysobalanaceae, Ascomycota, Systems Ecology, Botany, Nectar, Animals, Hirtella physophora, Croissance, Symbiosis, Formicidae, Biology, Ecologie, Environnement, Herbivore, Evolutionary Biology, Productivity (Ecology), Ants, Plant Ecology, fungi, lcsh:R, Ant colony, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Myrmecotrophy, Lutte biologique, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Predatory Behavior, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Entomology
Abstract: International audience; Mutualisms, or interactions between species that lead to net fitness benefits for each species involved, are stable and ubiquitous in nature mostly due to "byproduct benefits" stemming from the intrinsic traits of one partner that generate an indirect and positive outcome for the other. Here we verify if myrmecotrophy (where plants obtain nutrients from the refuse of their associated ants) can explain the stability of the tripartite association between the myrmecophyte Hirtella physophora, the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus and an Ascomycota fungus. The plant shelters and provides the ants with extrafloral nectar. The ants protect the plant from herbivores and integrate the fungus into the construction of a trap that they use to capture prey; they also provide the fungus and their host plant with nutrients. During a 9-month field study, we over-provisioned experimental ant colonies with insects, enhancing colony fitness (i.e., more winged females were produced). The rate of partial castration of the host plant, previously demonstrated, was not influenced by the experiment. Experimental plants showed higher δ¹⁵N values (confirming myrmecotrophy), plus enhanced vegetative growth (e.g., more leaves produced increased the possibility of lodging ants in leaf pouches) and fitness (i.e., more fruits produced and more flowers that matured into fruit). This study highlights the importance of myrmecotrophy on host plant fitness and the stability of ant-myrmecophyte mutualisms.
Published: 2013
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29. Transcriptome of Dickeya dadantii Infecting Acyrthosiphon pisum Reveals a Strong Defense against Antimicrobial Peptides

Author: Jean-François Chich, Guy Condemine, Denis Costechareyre, Yvan Rahbé, Jean-Marc Strub, Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Génétique et Amélioration de la Vigne, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR Genoplante, ANR07GPLA002-Aphicibles
Subjects: Operon, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Gene Expression, Plant Science, Anti-Infective Agents, Gram Negative, Aphid, Animal biology, Plant Pests, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Virulence, food and beverages, Agriculture, gène de résistance, Dickeya dadantii, Plant disease, Bacterial Pathogens, Host-Pathogen Interaction, Medicine, amp, Research Article, Symbiotic bacteria, Phytopathogenic bacteria, aphide, Gram-negative bacteria, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Science, Antimicrobial peptides, acyrthosiphon pisum, Microbiology, Bacterial genetics, Biodiversity and Ecology, Molecular Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Enterobacteriaceae, Invertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, Genetics, Animals, Gene Regulation, analyse du transcriptome, Biology, Microbial Pathogens, 030304 developmental biology, dickeya dadantii, Bactériologie, 030306 microbiology, Immunity, Bacteriology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Plant Pathology, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, Aphids, Pest Control, Transcriptome, Bacteria, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; The plant pathogenic bacterium Dickeya dadantii has recently been shown to be able to kill the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. While the factors required to cause plant disease are now well characterized, those required for insect pathogeny remain mostly unknown. To identify these factors, we analyzed the transcriptome of the bacteria isolated from infected aphids. More than 150 genes were upregulated and 300 downregulated more than 5-fold at 3 days post infection. No homologue to known toxin genes could be identified in the upregulated genes. The upregulated genes reflect the response of the bacteria to the conditions encountered inside aphids. While only a few genes involved in the response to oxidative stress were induced, a strong defense against antimicrobial peptides (AMP) was induced. Expression of a great number of efflux proteins and transporters was increased. Besides the genes involved in LPS modification by addition of 4-aminoarabinose (the arnBCADTEF operon) and phosphoethanolamine (pmrC, eptB) usually induced in Gram negative bacteria in response to AMPs, dltBAC and pbpG genes, which confer Gram positive bacteria resistance to AMPs by adding alanine to teichoic acids, were also induced. Both types of modification confer D. dadantii resistance to the AMP polymyxin. A. pisum harbors symbiotic bacteria and it is thought that it has a very limited immune system to maintain these populations and do not synthesize AMPs. The arnB mutant was less pathogenic to A. pisum, which suggests that, in contrast to what has been supposed, aphids do synthesize AMP.
Published: 2013
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30. Are ladybirds affected by farming practices at different spatial scales?

Author: Puech, Camille, Aviron, Stéphanie, Baudry, Jacques, SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Birmingham. Birmingham, GBR., and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, carabe, coccinelle, Biodiversity and Ecology, pratique agricole, auxiliaire, Invertebrate Zoology, heterogeneite paysagere, parasitoid, Environmental studies, Etudes de l'environnement, ennemi naturel, parasitoide, farmer pratice, landscape heterogeneity, auxiliarie, ladybird, carabid beetle, Environmental and Society, Gestion et management, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Business administration, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sciences agricoles
Abstract: Given the current decline of biodiversity, modern agriculture is facing a new challenge: ensuring the food supply of a human population increasingly large whilst maintaining the ecological balance of agro-ecosystems to preserve their sustainability. Because of a strong reduction of inputs, organic farming is considered as a promising solution to promote auxiliaries communities at field and landscape scales and ensure crop protection thanks to biological control service. The present study aims to measure the impact of agricultural practices (organic vs. conventional) and of their spatial organization on aphids and their natural enemies. Twenty 1km² landscapes were selected in Ille et Vilaine (Western France), characterized by varying surface areas of organic vs. conventional farming. In each landscape, ladybirds, carabids, parasitoids and aphids communities were sampled from April to July 2012 in one organic winter wheat field and one conventional winter wheat field. Moreover, detailed agricultural practices of sampled and surrounding fields were collected. At field scale, the results demonstrate a beneficial effect of organic practices on auxiliaries. This result seems to be due to a more favorable microclimate in organic fields thanks to the structure of the vegetation and the lack of pesticides. At landscape scale, the farming practices don’t seem to affect insects communities., Face au déclin de la biodiversité, l'agriculture moderne est confrontée à un nouveau défi: assurer l'approvisionnement alimentaire d'une population humaine de plus en plus nombreuse, tout en maintenant l'équilibre écologique des agro-écosystèmes et assurer leur durabilité. En raison d'une forte réduction des intrants, l'agriculture biologique est considérée comme une solution prometteuse pour promouvoir les communautés d’ennemis naturels à l'échelle du paysage et de la parcelle et d'assurer la protection des cultures grâce au service de contrôle biologique. Cette étude vise à mesurer l'impact des pratiques agricoles (biologiques et conventionnelles) et de leur organisation spatiale sur les pucerons et leurs ennemis naturels. 20 paysages de 1km ² ont été sélectionnés en Ille-et-Vilaine (Ouest de la France), caractérisés par un gradient de surfaces en agriculture biologique et conventionnelle. Dans chaque paysage, les communautés de coccinelles, carabes, parasitoïdes et pucerons ont été échantillonnées d'Avril à Juillet 2012 dans une parcelle de blé d'hiver biologique et une parcelle de blé d’hiver conventionnelle. Par ailleurs, des enquêtes ont été réalisées concernant les pratiques agricoles réalisées par les agriculteurs. À l'échelle de la parcelle, les résultats montrent un effet bénéfique des pratiques biologiques sur les auxiliaires. Ce résultat semble être dû à un microclimat plus favorable dans les parcelles biologiques en raison de la structure de la végétation et de l'absence de pesticides. À l'échelle du paysage, les pratiques agricoles ne semblent pas affecter les communautés d'insectes.
Published: 2012

31. 'Freshwater killer whales': beaching behavior of an alien fish to hunt land birds

Author: Mathieu Guillaume, Stéphanie Boulêtreau, Julien Cucherousset, Arthur Compin, Frédéric Santoul, Frédéric Azémar, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole - ENSFEA (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Biodiversité et Ecologie, Population Dynamics, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Fresh Water, Introduced species, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Behavioral Ecology, Predator-Prey Dynamics, Predatory fish, Food Web Structure, Predator, Catfishes, Trophic level, Freshwater Ecology, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, Crayfish, Trophic Interactions, Europe, European catfish, Community Ecology, Ecosystèmes, Isotope Labeling, Medicine, Research Article, Science, Zoology, Marine Biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Birds, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, Aquatic predators, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Community Structure, Behavioral strategies, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Zoologie des invertébrés, Diet, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Predatory Behavior, Earth Sciences, Whale, Killer, Population Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Introduced Species
Abstract: International audience; The behavioral strategies developed by predators to capture and kill their prey are fascinating, notably for predators that forage for prey at, or beyond, the boundaries of their ecosystem. We report here the occurrence of a beaching behavior used by an alien and large-bodied freshwater predatory fish (Silurus glanis) to capture birds on land (i.e. pigeons, Columbia livia). Among a total of 45 beaching behaviors observed and filmed, 28% were successful in bird capture. Stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of predators and their putative prey revealed a highly variable dietary contribution of land birds among individuals. Since this extreme behavior has not been reported in the native range of the species, our results suggest that some individuals in introduced predator populations may adapt their behavior to forage on novel prey in new environments, leading to behavioral and trophic specialization to actively cross the water-land interface.
Published: 2012
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32. An ant-plant mutualism induces shifts in the protist community structure of a tank-bromeliad

Author: Laurent Pélozuelo, Alain Dejean, Céline Leroy, Jean-François Carrias, Bruno Corbara, Régis Céréghino, Olivier Brouard, AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane - EcoFoG (Kourou, Guyane), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), IST, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche de Djibouti (CERD), CERD, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Project 2ID of the programme Amazonie II), and Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (Project MICBROME) [AAPIN-2009-038]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Camponotus femoratus, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Myrmecophyte, medicine, Aechmea mertensii, Ant-garden, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mutualism (biology), Protist communities, Microbial food web, Phytotelmata, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Community structure, Protist, Protists, 15. Life on land, Zoologie des invertébrés, Pachycondyla goeldii, French Guiana, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Protist richness, Habitat, Ant-plant, Ecosystèmes, Epiphyte, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Although ants may induce community-wide effects via changes in physical habitats in terrestrial environments, their influence on aquatic communities living in plant-held waters remains largely underexplored. The neotropical tank-bromeliad Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae) occurs along forest edges in ant-gardens initiated by Camponotus femoratus or by Pachycondyla goeldii. Its leaves form wells that hold rainwater and provide suitable habitats for many aquatic organisms. We postulated that these ant-plant mutualisms indirectly affect the microbial community structure via changes in the environmental conditions experienced by the plants. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the protist communities from 63 tank-bromeliads associated with either C. femoratus or P. goeldii (hereafter Cf-Aechmea and Pg-Aechmea) along a forest edge in French Guiana. For each plant, a large number of environmental variables (including habitat structure, food resources, incident radiation and the presence of aquatic invertebrates) were quantified to determine their relative importance in driving any observed differences across ant-associated plants. Pg-Aechmea are located in sun-exposed areas and hold low volumes of water and low amounts of detritus, whereas Cf-Aechmea are located in partially shaded areas and accumulate higher amounts of water and detritus. Protists (i.e., protozoa and algae) inhabiting Cf-Aechmea exhibit greater richness and abundances than those in Pg-Aechmea. Variations in detritus content, number of leaves, incident radiation, and the epiphyte richness of the ant-garden were the main factors explaining the variation in protist richness. A shift in the functional group composition of protists between bromeliads tended by different ant species suggested that mutualistic ants indirectly mediate changes in the microbial food web.
Published: 2012
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33. Pond research and management in Europe: 'Small is Beautiful'

Author: Dani Boix, Régis Céréghino, Thomas Kalettka, Beat Oertli, Jeremy Biggs, Andrew Hull, Universitat de Girona, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Pond Conservation (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Liverpool John Morres University - LJMU (UK), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Leibniz Association, Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES-SO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung - ZALF (GERMANY), Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale - HES-SO (SWITZERLAND), Liverpool John Moores University - LJMU (UNITED KINGDOM), and Universitat de Girona - UdG (SPAIN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Value (ethics), Conservation planning, Phrase, Social perspective, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Environmental ethics, Conservation, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zoologie des invertébrés, Habitats, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ponds, History of science
Abstract: International audience; The phrase "Small is Beautiful" was first used by the talented scholar Leopold Kohr (1909 131994), but it becames more popular thanks to the essays of one of his students, the British economist E. F. Schumacher, and it was coined as a response to the socially established idea that "Big is Powerful". It could be argued that this desire for "bigness" explains why current legal frameworks and the conservation planning and management related to standing waters often overlook ponds, despite their well-known value in terms of biodiversity and socio-economic benefits (Oertli et al., 2004; Cereghino et al., 2008). Of course, this is only one of several possible explanations, but it is important to understand that such long-established ideas can have a lasting effect upon the efficiency of our conservation actions. Beyond this social perspective, the history of science can also provide some explanation as to why ponds have been undervalued for so long.
Published: 2012
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34. Biological traits of European pond macroinvertebrates

Author: Patrick Grillas, Olivier Scher, Jeremy Biggs, Arthur Compin, Beat Oertli, Cristina Coccia, Régis Céréghino, Nicolas Bressi, Marcello Bazzanti, Andrew Hull, Thomas Kalettka, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES-SO), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Pond Conservation (UNITED KINGDOM), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (ITALY), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Liverpool John Morres University - LJMU (UK), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Leibniz Association, Pôle-relais 'Mares, Zones Humides intérieures et Vallées alluviales' (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC (SPAIN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Università di Roma - SAPIENZA (ITALY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung - ZALF (GERMANY), Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale - HES-SO (SWITZERLAND), Liverpool John Moores University - LJMU (UNITED KINGDOM), Tour du Valat - Centre de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Biogeographic regions, Range (biology), Biodiversité et Ecologie, Community functions, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Database, Fuzzy coding, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 14. Life underwater, Invertebrate, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Freshwater biodiversity, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Taxon, Habitat, Ecosystèmes, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Whilst biological traits of river macroinvertebrates show unimodal responses to geographic changes in habitat conditions in Europe, we still do not know whether spatial turnover of species result in distinct combinations of biological traits for pond macroinvertebrates. Here, we used data on the occurrence of 204 macroinvertebrate taxa in 120 ponds from four biogeographic regions of Europe, to compare their biological traits. The Mediterranean, Atlantic, Alpine, and Continental regions have specific climate, vegetation and geology. Only two taxa were exclusively found in the Alpine and Continental regions, while 28 and 34 taxa were exclusively recorded in the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions, respectively. Invertebrates in the Mediterranean region allocated much energy to reproduction and resistance forms. Most Mediterranean invertebrate species had narrow thermal ranges. In Continental areas, invertebrates allocated lesser energy to reproduction and dispersal, and organisms were short lived with high diversity of feeding groups. These characteristics suggest higher resilience. The main difference between ponds in the Alpine and Atlantic regions was their elevation. Alpine conditions necessitate specific adaptations related to rapid temperature fluctuations, and low nutrient concentrations. Even if our samples did not cover the full range of pond conditions across Europe, our analyses suggest that changes in community composition have important impacts on pond ecosystem functions. Consistent information on a larger set of ponds across Europe would be much needed, but their low accessibility (unpublished data and/or not disclosed by authors) remains problematic. There is still, therefore, a pressing need for the incorporation of high quality data sets into a standardized database so that they can be further analyzed in an integrated European-wide manner.
Published: 2012
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35. Use of the nuclear region ITS2 for arthropods species identification

Author: Béatrice Courtial, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Alain Roques, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (UZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization - Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes (EPPO). Paris, FRA.
Subjects: ribosonal DNA ITS 2, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, taxonomie, Biodiversité et Ecologie, taxonomic, DNA sequence, Biotechnologies, biodiversité, Biodiversity and Ecology, arthropod, biodiversity, identification species, cytochrome oxydase, phylogenetic, Invertebrate Zoology, arthropoda, phylogénie, séquence its, séquence d'adn, gène mitochondrial, adn ribosomique, Zoologie des invertébrés, identification d'espèce, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: During the last decade, many barcode projects were launched for species identification by DNA sequencing in order to improve taxonomic knowledge of biodiversity and to try to assign sample individuals to species. In the case of Arthropods the most often used region is a part of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxydase I, which is often insufficient to reliably delineate and name the species. To confirm the identification of specimens it is necessary to use another DNA sequence. This sequence is very often the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). The data presented here show the preliminary results of ITS2 sequencing on 40 arthropods species belonging todifferent orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera).The results presented show the difficulty of defining universal primers for this target ITS2 and the large variability of obtained sequences (presence of deletion, repeats, etc.). An example of sequences obtained for the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is also supplied.
Published: 2012

36. Evolutionary and ecological studies of insects

Author: Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université d'Orléans
Subjects: biologie évolutive, phylogénétique, interaction tritrophique, interspecific interaction, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, social insect, Biodiversité et Ecologie, gracillariidae, tritrophic interaction, Trophic network, Biotechnologies, intéraction interspécifique, biogeographical origin, Sycoryctinae, biodiversité, Biodiversity and Ecology, agaonidae, inventaire des espèces, Phylogenetic, insecte social, Invertebrate Zoology, invasive exotic species, leaf miner, guêpe, parasitoid, forest insect, wasp, biodiversity, evolutionary Biology, inventory of species, parasitoïde, origine biogéographique, mineuse, Zoologie des invertébrés, espece exotique invasive, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, insecte forestier, parasite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, réseau trophique
Abstract: Les interactions entre les organismes jouent un rôle important dans l’organisation de la biodiversité. Toutes les espèces s’engagent d‘une manière ou d’une autre dans des interactions interspécifiques. De nombreux caractères évolutifs peuvent être interprétés comme des adaptations aux interactions avec des parasites,compétiteurs,symbiontes,et enfin mutualistes. Un des objectifs majeur de mes recherches a été l’étude des conflits évolutifs liés aux interactions intra et inter spécifiques et leurs conséquences sur le plan sélectif au niveau des gènes,des individus et des espèces, par l’utilisation d’approches appliquées et fondamentales.Je me suis intéressé en particulier aux conflits pour les ressources liés au parasitisme,au mutualisme entre insectes et plantes et aux conflits liés à la sélection de parentèle chez les insectes sociaux. Plus récemment,j’ai travaillé à l’INRA sur la biologie de l’invasion des mineuses et comment les parasitoïdes natifs s’adaptent à l’arrivée de ces envahisseurs. Utilisant principalement les outils issus de la phylogénétique, j'ai contribué à la compréhension de l’histoire évolutive des groupes d’insectes sur lesquels j’ai travaillé, notamment les mineuses de la famille Gracillariidae, leurs parasitoïdes et les guêpes des figuiers pollinistarices (Agaonidae) et parasites (Sycoryctinae). Le mémoire est divisé en chapitres correspondants aux questions principales. Les principaux résultats sont résumésci- ‐après., As an entomologist, my interests range far and wide in Evolutionary Biology, Systematics and Ecology of insects. Much of my research has been centered on molecular phylogenetics and I have seen the development of this field since the early days of manual sequencing in the 90s to the boom of phylogenetic data in the last 10 years. My interest in molecular phylogenies is mainly driven by questions on how some particular ecological, morphological, biogeographical and behavioural traits have evolved. It is the combination of DNA sequence data and ecology (ie. host use, behavior,..) that has allowed me to address interesting questions about the ecology and evolution of a wide range of insects from fig wasps, leaf- ‐mining moths and theirparasitoids, to bumblebees and wild silk moths.[br/] I have made substantial contributions to the fields of systematics, evolutionary ecology, social behaviour and invasion biology and I am keen to build on this progress. It is only now, with the explosion of new high- ‐throughput, second- ‐generation sequencing approaches, that we have the tools necessary to address fundamental questions about the evolutionary ecology of non- ‐model insects. My long- ‐term goal is to establish a research group investigating evolutionary ecology and systematics across a range of insect groups using a variety of approaches, including laboratory experimentation and observation, fieldwork, genetic analyses and modeling.I have divided this report into chapters named after the different periods of my career. I highlight the main results for each period and the path that I have followed over the years to try to understand insect diversity, how it is organized and how it has originated.
Published: 2012

37. Queen mandibular pheromone: questions that remain to be resolved

Author: David Jarriault, Alison R. Mercer, Mercer, Alison R., Department of Zoology, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Beekeeping, Queen mandibular pheromone, ecdysteroids, Biogenic amines, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Apis mellifera, Olfactory system, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Honey Bees, 0302 clinical medicine, Invertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Animal biology, 0303 health sciences, queen mandibular pheromone, biology, Apidae, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, juvenile hormone, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Aculeata, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Sex pheromone, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Pheromone, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The discovery of 'queen substance', and the subsequent identification and synthesis of key components of queen mandibular pheromone, has been of significant importance to beekeepers and to the beekeeping industry. Fifty years on, there is greater appreciation of the importance and complexity of queen pheromones, but many mysteries remain about the mechanisms through which pheromones operate. The discovery of sex pheromone communication in moths occurred within the same time period, but in this case, intense pressure to find better means of pest management resulted in a remarkable focusing of research activity on understanding pheromone detection mechanisms and the central processing of pheromone signals in the moth. We can benefit from this work and here, studies on moths are used to highlight some of the gaps in our knowledge of pheromone communication in bees. A better understanding of pheromone communication in honey bees promises improved strategies for the successful management of these extraordinary animals.
Published: 2012
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38. Functional gustatory receptors in Drosophila wings reveal their role in guidance and exploration associated to flight

Author: Raad, Hussein, Ferveur, Jean-François, Thibert, Julien, Ledger, Neil, Capovilla, Maria, Robichon, Alain, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)
Subjects: molécule, pollinisateur, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Neurosciences, calcium cytosolique, goût, insecta, organe sensoriel, chimioreception, niche écologique, Zoologie des invertébrés, substance toxique, détection, drosophile, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology, Neurons and Cognition, aile, Alimentation et Nutrition, neurone, Food and Nutrition, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], signal de transduction, nébulisation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: International audience; Chemoreception in insects is capable to detect highly diverse families of molecules like sugars, various bitter molecules, toxins, water, carbon dioxide and also a large panel of “xenobiotics”, which guide exploration for ecological niches.The taste neuronal elements are amazingly present in insect wings and this feature appears highly conserved in all the winged species of insect taxa.The functionality ofthe taste organs in wings is presently unknown andthis topology suggests an intriguing role that is not documented up to date. In this report we describe that the wing anterior margin neuronal nerve responds to sugars and bitter molecules through an increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration that occurs in both pathways. As expected, the effects on AMPc levels are divergent for sugar and bitter signal transduction. This sensory modality strongly suggests that the pollinator insects “taste” molecules nebulized in theair vortex created by the wing beat during flight in close vicinity to flowers. This evolutionary conserved sensory organdissociates advantageously taste from ingestion avoiding toxicity by noxious substances.
Published: 2012
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39. Ant species identity mediates reproductive traits and allocation in an ant-garden bromeliad

Author: Laurent Pélozuelo, Alain Dejean, Jean-François Carrias, Régis Céréghino, Bruno Corbara, Céline Leroy, AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - LMGE (Aubière, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Programme Amazonie II of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Project 2ID), Programme Convergence 2007–2013 (Région Guyane) from the European Community (Project DEGA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bromeliaceae, Pollination, Genetic Speciation, Nitrogen, Seed dispersal, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Flowers, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Camponotus femoratus, Pollinator, Floral traits, Seed Dispersal, Animals, Aechmea mertensii, Reproductive allocation, delta N-15, D15N, Stable isotopes, Plant evolution, Abiotic component, Ecologie, Environnement, Ants, Ecology, Original Articles, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Zoologie des invertébrés, Fruit-set, French Guiana, Pachycondyla goeldii, Inflorescence, Fruit, Seeds, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Mutualistic ants, Bromeliad, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Determining the sources of variation in floral morphology is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying Angiosperm evolution. The selection of floral and reproductive traits is influenced by the plant's abiotic environment, florivores and pollinators. However, evidence that variations in floral traits result from mutualistic interactions with insects other than pollinators is lacking in the published literature and has rarely been investigated. We aimed to determine whether the association with either Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii (both involved in seed dispersal and plant protection) mediates the reproductive traits and allocation of Aechmea mertensii, an obligatory ant-garden tank-bromeliad, differently. METHODS: Floral and reproductive traits were compared between the two A. mertensii ant-gardens. The nitrogen flux from the ants to the bromeliads was investigated through experimental enrichments with stable isotopes ((15)N). KEY RESULTS: Camponotus femoratus-associated bromeliads produced inflorescences up to four times longer than did P. goeldii-associated bromeliads. Also, the numbers of flowers and fruits were close to four times higher, and the number of seeds and their mass per fruit were close to 1*5 times higher in C. femoratus than in P. goeldii-associated bromeliads. Furthermore, the (15)N-enrichment experiment showed that C. femoratus-associated bromeliads received more nitrogen from ants than did P. goeldii-associated bromeliads, with subsequent positive repercussions on floral development. Greater benefits were conferred to A. mertensii by the association with C. femoratus compared with P. goeldii ants. CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that mutualistic associations with ants can result in an enhanced reproductive allocation for the bromeliad A. mertensii. Nevertheless, the strength and direction of the selection of floral and fruit traits change based on the ant species and were not related to light exposure. The different activities and ecological preferences of the ants may play a contrasting role in shaping plant evolution and speciation.
Published: 2012
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40. Une revue des techniques de surveillance des organismes nuisibles pour détecter les organismes de quarantaine en Europe

Author: Andrea Battisti, Annie Yart, Nicolas Mori, Neil Boonham, Alain Roques, Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo, Lorenzo Marini, Willem Jan De Kogel, Sylvie Augustin, Serge Quilici, Massino Faccoli, David C. Lees, Pierre Donner, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Food and Environment Research Agency, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Universita di Padova, and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Identification, invasive organism, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Homoptera, champignon, Plant Science, detection methodology, diptera, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Maladie des plantes, law, Micro-organisme, bacteria, bactérie, invasive alien species, Ralstonia solanacearum, Ravageur des plantes, biology, Contrôle de maladies, quarantine, organisme de quarantaine, homoptera, échange commercial, espece exotique invasive, identification d'espèce, Monilinia fructicola, impact, surveillance, europe, coleoptera, Méthodologie, Arthropoda, quarantaine, Horticulture, Agent pathogène, Biodiversity and Ecology, Lepidoptera genitalia, Invertebrate Zoology, Quarantine, Life Science, organisme nuisible, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Thrips, méthodologie de détection, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, monitoring, fungi, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, PRI BIOINT Entomology & Virology, lepidoptera, PEST analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, thysanoptera, Agronomy and Crop Science, Longhorn beetle, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: This paper provides reviews of the most commonly used methods to detect plant pests belonging to groups of invasive organisms with high economic relevance, including Coleoptera (bark beetles, flathead borers, leaf beetles, longhorn beetles, weevils), Diptera (cone and seed flies, fruit flies), Homoptera (aphids, leafhoppers and psyllids, whiteflies), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Thysanoptera (thrips), bacteria (potato brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum) and fungi (pitch canker disease Gibberella circinata, brown rot disease Monilinia fructicola). Future perspectives in detection methods are discussed, with particular reference to the considerable increase in the volume, commodity type and origins of trade in plant material from third countries, the introduction of new crops, the continuous expansion of the EU with new border countries being added, and the impact of climate change affecting the geographical boundaries of pests and their vectors., Cet article passe en revue les méthodes les plus utilisées pour détecter les organismes nuisibles aux plantes appartenant à des groupes d'organismes envahissants qui ont une grande importance économique, comme les Coleoptera (scolytes, buprestides foreurs du bois, chrysomèles, longicornes, charançons), Diptera (mouches des cônes, mouches des fruits), Homoptera (pucerons, cicadelles et psylles, aleurodes), Lepidoptera (papillons), Thysanoptera (thrips), bactéries (pourriture brune de la pomme de terre Ralstonia solanacearum), champignons (chancre du pin Gibberella circinata, moniliose Monilinia fructicola). Les perspectives pour les méthodes de détection sont discutées, avec une référence particulière à l'importante augmentation dans les volumes, les types de marchandises et les origines de échanges commerciaux de matériel végétal à partir de pays tiers, l'introduction de nouvelles cultures, l'expansion continue de l'UE avec l'addition de nouveaux pays à ses frontières et l'impact du changement climatique affectant les frontières géographiques des organismes nuisibles et de leurs vecteurs., Oбзop мeтoдoв oбcлeдoвaний для выявлeния кapaнтинныx вpeдныx opгaнизмoв в Eвpoпeйcкoм coюзe B этoй cтaтьe paccмaтpивaютcя нaибoлee чacтo иcпoльзyeмыe мeтoды, пoзвoляющиe выявлять вpeдныe для pacтeний opгaнизмы, пpинaдлeжaщиe к paзличным гpyппaм инвaзивныx opгaнизмoв, имeющиe выcoкyю экoнoмичecкyю знaчимocть, тaкиe кaк жecткoкpылыe (жyки-кopoeды, злaтки, лиcтoeды, ycaчи, дoлгoнocики), двyкpылыe (шишкoвыe ceмeнныe и плoдoвыe мyxи), paвнoкpылыe (тли, цикaдки, лиcтoблoшки и бeлoкpылки), чeшyeкpылыe (бaбoчки), пyзыpeнoгиe (тpипcы), бaктepии (кapтoфeльнaя бypaя гниль Ralstonia solanacearum), гpибы (paк cocны Gibberella circinata, бypaя гниль Monilinia fructicola). Paccмaтpивaютcя пepcпeктивы paзвития мeтoдoв выявлeния, пpи этoм внимaниe зaocтpяeтcя нa знaчитeльнoм yвeличeнии oбъeмoв тopгoвли, нa paзнooбpaзии типoв тoвapoв и иcтoчникoв oтпpaвки pacтитeльныx мaтepиaлoв, пpoиcxoдящиx из тpeтьиx cтpaн, нa зaвoзe нoвыx кyльтyp, нa пpoдoлжaющeмcя pacшиpeнии EC c дoбaвлeниeм нoвыx cтpaн к eгo гpaницaм и нa вoздeйcтвии климaтичecкиx измeнeний, зaтpaгивaющиx гeoгpaфичecкиe гpaницы pacпpocтpaнeния вpeдныx opгaнизмoв и иx пepeнocчикoв.
Published: 2012
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41. A list of methods to detect arthropod quarantine pests in Europe

Author: Lorenzo Marini, Nicola Mori, Andrea Battisti, Sylvie Augustin, Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo, Annie Yart, Pierre Donner, Massimo Faccoli, W.J. de Kogel, Alain Roques, Serge Quilici, David C. Lees, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment- Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment-Entomologia, Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente -Entomologia, Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente-Entomologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (UZF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and UMR Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (UMR PVBMT - INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, invasive organism, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Plant Science, detection methodology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, monotoring, law, arthropoda, Host plants, Contrôle de qualité, Composé volatil, invasive alien species, Ravageur des plantes, Ecology, quarantine, organisme de quarantaine, 3. Good health, espece exotique invasive, identification d'espèce, Substance sémiochimique, surveillance, volatile compound, light trapping, europe, quarantaine, Common method, Horticulture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Biodiversity and Ecology, Invertebrate Zoology, Quarantine, Life Science, Piège lumineux, méthodologie de détection, biology.organism_classification, composé volatile, piègeage lumineux, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, PRI BIOINT Entomology & Virology, Arthropod, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: A total of 177 species of quarantine arthropods in Europe have been analysed for detection methods that are used in surveillance. This paper provides a link to a list where the methods most frequently used, either alone or in combination, are given for each species. Inspection remains the most common method of detection (108 species). Volatile compounds produced by either insects or host plants, or those released from food attractants are used for 85 species, while light trapping accounts for 28 species. Semiochemicals are known for 73 species, but are commercially available for only 43 species., Un ensemble de 177 espèces d’arthropodes de quarantaine en Europe ont été analysés pour identifier les méthodes de détection qui sont utilisées pour leur surveillance. Cet article fournit un lien vers une liste qui donne les méthodes les plus fréquemment utilisées, seules ou en combinaison, pour chaque espèce. L’inspection reste la méthode la plus fréquente de detection (108 espèces). Les composées volatiles produits soit par des insectes, soit par les plantes-hôtes ou libérés par des aliments, sont utilisés pour 85 espèces, alors que les pièges lumineux sont utilisés pour 28 espèces. Les substances semiochimiques sont connues pour 73 espèces, mais ne sont disponibles commercialement que pour 43 espèces.
Published: 2012
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42. Ant-plant mutualisms promote functional diversity in phytotelm communities

Author: Cereghino, Regis, Leroy, Celine, Carrias, Jean-François, Pelozuelo, Laurent, Segura, Caroline, Bosc, Christopher, Dejean, Alain, Corbara, Bruno, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Ecologie, Environnement, Phytotelmata, STREAM INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Community functions, Ant gardens, TANK-BROMELIADS, COMPETITION, Biodiversity, Zoologie des invertébrés, Invertebrates, GARDENS, Bromeliads, French Guiana, CO-INERTIA ANALYSIS, FRENCH-GUIANA, Ecosystèmes, Forest, INTERACTION WEBS, Two-species mutualism, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, HABITAT, MEDIATE, Biologie végétale, ECOLOGICAL DATA
Abstract: International audience; Our understanding of the contribution of interspecific interactions to functional diversity in nature lags behind our knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns. Although two-species mutualisms are found in all types of ecosystems, the study of their ecological influences on other community members has mostly been limited to third species, while their influence on entire communities remains largely unexplored. 2. We hypothesized that mutualistic interactions between two respective ant species and an epiphyte mediate the biological traits composition of entire invertebrate communities that use the same host plant, thereby affecting food webs and functional diversity at the community level. 3. Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae) is both a phytotelm ('plant-held water') and an ant-garden epiphyte. We sampled 111 bromeliads (111 aquatic invertebrate communities) associated with either the ant Pachycondyla goeldii or Camponotus femoratus. The relationships between ants, bromeliads and invertebrate abundance data were examined using a redundancy analysis. Biological traits information for invertebrates was structured using a fuzzy-coding technique, and a co-inertia analysis between traits and abundance data was used to interpret functional differences in bromeliad ecosystems. 4. The vegetative traits of A. mertensii depended on seed dispersion by C. femoratus and P. goeldii along a gradient of local conditions. The ant partner selected sets of invertebrates with traits that were best adapted to the bromeliads' morphology, and so the composition of the biological traits of invertebrate phytotelm communities depends on the identity of the ant partner. Biological traits suggest a bottom-up control of community structure in C. femoratus-associated phytotelmata and a greater structuring role for predatory invertebrates in P. goeldii-associated plants. 5. This study presents new information showing that two-species mutualisms affect the functional diversity of a much wider range of organisms. Most biological systems form complex networks where nodes (e. g. species) are more or less closely linked to each other, either directly or indirectly, through intermediate nodes. Our observations provide community-level information about biological interactions and functional diversity, and perspectives for further observations intended to examine whether large-scale changes in interacting species/community structure over broad geographical and anthropogenic gradients affect ecosystem functions.
Published: 2011
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43. Caterpillars and fungal pathogens: two co-occurring parasites of an ant-plant mutualism

Author: Olivier Roux, Régis Céréghino, Alain Dejean, Pascal Jean Solano, Berkeley Seismological Laboratory [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Pascal Solano (FRANCE), Programme Amazonie II of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (project 2ID), Programme Convergence 2007–2013, Région Guyane, from the European Community (project DEGA), Roux, Olivier, AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Cecropia Plant, Plant-ants, Behavioral Ecology, Fusarium, Food Web Structure, Colonization, lcsh:Science, Fungal pathogens, Caterpillars, Mutualism (biology), 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Terrestrial Environments, Azteca, Lepidoptera, Community Ecology, Ecosystèmes, Female, Mutualistic ants, Research Article, Cecropia, Plant Pathogens, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Myrmecophyte, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, Terrestrial Ecology, Symbiosis, Biology, Community Structure, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Herbivore, lcsh:R, Plant Pathology, 15. Life on land, Ant colony, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Species Interactions, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Entomology, Ecological Environments
Abstract: International audience; In mutualisms, each interacting species obtains resources from its partner that it would obtain less efficiently if alone, and so derives a net fitness benefit. In exchange for shelter (domatia) and food, mutualistic plant-ants protect their host myrmecophytes from herbivores, encroaching vines and fungal pathogens. Although selective filters enable myrmecophytes to host those ant species most favorable to their fitness, some insects can by-pass these filters, exploiting the rewards supplied whilst providing nothing in return. This is the case in French Guiana for Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) as Pseudocabima guianalis caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) can colonize saplings before the installation of their mutualistic Azteca ants. The caterpillars shelter in the domatia and feed on food bodies (FBs) whose production increases as a result. They delay colonization by ants by weaving a silk shield above the youngest trichilium, where the FBs are produced, blocking access to them. This probable temporal priority effect also allows female moths to lay new eggs on trees that already shelter caterpillars, and so to occupy the niche longer and exploit Cecropia resources before colonization by ants. However, once incipient ant colonies are able to develop, they prevent further colonization by the caterpillars. Although no higher herbivory rates were noted, these caterpillars are ineffective in protecting their host trees from a pathogenic fungus, Fusarium moniliforme (Deuteromycetes), that develops on the trichilium in the absence of mutualistic ants. Therefore, the Cecropia treelets can be parasitized by two often overlooked species: the caterpillars that shelter in the domatia and feed on FBs, delaying colonization by mutualistic ants, and the fungal pathogen that develops on old trichilia. The cost of greater FB production plus the presence of the pathogenic fungus likely affect tree growth.
Published: 2011
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44. Edge effects on ground beetles at the woodlot-field interface are short-range and asymmetrical

Author: Annie Ouin, Anthony Roume, Marc Deconchat, Gérard Balent, Laurent Raison, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-07-BDIV-0002,BIODIVAGRIM,Conservation de la biodiversité dans les agro-écosystèmes une modélisation spatialement explicite des paysages(2007), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nonlinear canonical analysis of principal coordinates, Temperate rural landscape, Biology, Forest-agriculture interface, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Canonical analysis, Woodlot, Depth of edge influence, Sylviculture, foresterie, Forest–agriculture interface, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Temperate climate, Beneficial insects, Transect, Ecology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Zoologie des invertébrés, Coleoptera, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Habitat, Insect Science, Threatened species, Biological dispersal, Ordination, Carabidae, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Boundaries between woodlots and agricultural habitats are numerous in temperate agricultural landscapes and influence ecological processes in both woodlots and agricultural habitats. 2 We aimed to determine how far the species assemblage of ground beetles in woodlot and open habitats was influenced by the presence of the woodlot-field boundary. 3 We studied the distribution of ground beetles on both sides of the boundaries of four woodlots along transects of pitfall traps (n = 140). The depth of edge influence (i.e. the distance from the boundary at which the presence of the boundary has no more significant influence) on the species assemblage of ground beetles in each woodlot and in each agricultural habitat was determined with nonlinear canonical analysis of principal coordinates, an ordination method that is followed by nonlinear regression of the principal coordinates on distance from the boundary. 4 The depth of edge influence on the species assemblages of ground beetles was asymmetrical relative to the boundary: it was generally higher and had higher variability in open habitats (14.4 ± 12.3 m) than in woodlots (4.9 ± 2.3 m). Species assemblages of ground beetles in edges were a mix between both adjacent species assemblages. Edge effects in woodlots were deeper in the woodlots exhibiting a deeper penetration of open habitat species. Symmetrically, edge effects in open habitat were deeper in the open habitats with a deeper diffusion of forest species into the open habitat. 5 Forest ground beetles were not threatened by edge effects. Rather, edge effects are likely to benefit agriculture, mostly through the dispersal of predatory forest species into agricultural fields.
Published: 2011
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45. Inherited biotic protection in a neotropical pioneer plant

Author: Bruno Corbara, Vivien Rossi, Régis Céréghino, Alain Dejean, Céline Leroy, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, 45600-000, Itabuna, and Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Financial support for this study was provided by the Programme Amazonie II of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (project 2ID) and the Programme Convergence 2007-2013, Region Guyane from the European Community (project DEGA). JHCD acknowledges the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologico(CNPq) for his research grant., Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau - CEPLAC (BRAZIL), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - LMGE (Aubière, France), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollination, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Pollination, MESH: Reproduction, 01 natural sciences, Plant-ants, MESH: Seed Dispersal, Seed Dispersal, MESH: Animals, MESH: Gentianaceae, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Reproduction, Pseudomyrmex, food and beverages, Gentianaceae, Ecosystèmes, Inflorescence, L20 - Écologie animale, Research Article, Evolutionary Processes, F40 - Écologie végétale, Seed dispersal, Foraging, MESH: Ants, Flowers, 010603 evolutionary biology, Animals, Nectar, Formicidae, Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Herbivore, Ants, Plant Ecology, fungi, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, Ant colony, Chelonanthus alatus, MESH: Flowers, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Evolutionary Ecology, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Coevolution, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Chelonanthus alatus is a bat-pollinated, pioneer Gentianaceae that clusters in patches where still-standing, dried-out stems are interspersed among live individuals. Flowers bear circum-floral nectaries (CFNs) that are attractive to ants, and seed dispersal is both barochorous and anemochorous. Although, in this study, live individuals never sheltered ant colonies, dried-out hollow stems--that can remain standing for 2 years--did. Workers from species nesting in dried-out stems as well as from ground-nesting species exploited the CFNs of live C. alatus individuals in the same patches during the daytime, but were absent at night (when bat pollination occurs) on 60.5% of the plants. By visiting the CFNs, the ants indirectly protect the flowers--but not the plant foliage--from herbivorous insects. We show that this protection is provided mostly by species nesting in dried-out stems, predominantly Pseudomyrmex gracilis. That dried-out stems remain standing for years and are regularly replaced results in an opportunistic, but stable association where colonies are sheltered by one generation of dead C. alatus while the live individuals nearby, belonging to the next generation, provide them with nectar; in turn, the ants protect their flowers from herbivores. We suggest that the investment in wood by C. alatus individuals permitting still-standing, dried-out stems to shelter ant colonies constitutes an extended phenotype because foraging workers protect the flowers of live individuals in the same patch. Also, through this process these dried-out stems indirectly favor the reproduction (and so the fitness) of the next generation including both their own offspring and that of their siblings, all adding up to a potential case of inclusive fitness in plants.
Published: 2011
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46. Freezing and chemical preservatives alter the stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea)

Author: Régis Céréghino, Dorothée Kopp, Frédéric Santoul, Jari Syväranta, Aurélia Martino, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER - IFREMER (FRANCE), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei - IGB (GERMANY), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stable isotope analysis, Biodiversité et Ecologie, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Freezing, 14. Life underwater, Corbicula fluminea, Isotope analysis, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, biology, Ethanol, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 010401 analytical chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Nitrogen, Zoologie des invertébrés, Isotopes of nitrogen, Food web, Preservation, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Formalin, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, Environmental chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Carbon
Abstract: We tested the impacts of most common sample preservation methods used for aquatic sample materials on the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in clams, a typical baseline indicator organism for many aquatic food web studies utilising stable isotope analysis (SIA). In addition to common chemical preservatives ethanol and formalin, we also assessed the potential impacts of freezing on delta C-13 and delta N-15 values and compared the preserved samples against freshly dried and analysed samples. All preservation methods, including freezing, had significant impacts on delta C-13 and delta N-15 values and the effects in general were greater on the carbon isotope values (1.3-2.2aEuro degrees difference) than on the nitrogen isotope values (0.9-1.0aEuro degrees difference). However, the impacts produced by the preservation were rather consistent within each method during the whole 1 year experiment allowing these to be accounted for, if clams are intended for use in retrospective stable isotope studies.
Published: 2011
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47. An assassin among predators: the relationship between plant-ants, their host Myrmecophytes and the Reduviidae Zelus annulosus

Author: Régis Céréghino, Messika Revel, Olivier Roux, Alain Dejean, Department of basic sciences and environment, Universidade do Porto, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Programme Amazonie II of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (project 2ID), Programme Convergence 2007-2013, Région Guyane from the European Community (project DEGA), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Roux, Olivier
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology/Community Ecology and Biodiversity, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Harpactorinae, lcsh:Medicine, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Plant-ants, Myrmecophyte, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Biologie animale, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Animals, Ecology/Behavioral Ecology, Hirtella physophora, Reduviidae, Myrmecophytes, Nymph, Symbiosis, lcsh:Science, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Allomerus decemarticulatus, Animal biology, Mutualism (biology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Ants, lcsh:R, Assassin bug, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Ecosystèmes, Predatory Behavior, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie végétale, Research Article, Plant Biology/Plant-Biotic Interactions
Abstract: International audience; Tropical plants frequently live in association with ants that protect their foliage from defoliators. Among them, myrmecophytes have evolved mutualisms with a limited number of plant-ants that they shelter and feed, and, in return, benefit from some protection. Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae), for example, houses Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae) that build gallery-shaped traps to catch large prey. In French Guiana, we frequently observed the assassin bug Zelus annulosus (Reduviidae, Harpactorinae) on the leaves of H. physophora. Here, we studied the distribution of Zelus annulosus among understory plants in the Guianese rainforest and found it only on pubescent plants, including H. Physophora, whether or not it was sheltering an A. decemarticulatus colony, but only rarely on other myrmecophytes. The relationship between Z. annulosus and its host plants is, then, also mutualistic, as the plant trichomes act as an enemy-free space protecting the nymphs from large predatory ants, while the nymphs protect their host-plants from herbivorous insects. Through their relationship with A. decemarticulatus colonies, Z. annulosus individuals are protected from army ants, while furnishing nothing in return. In those cases where H. physophora sheltered both an A. decemarticulatus colony and Z. annulosus nymphs, certain plant individuals repeatedly sheltered nymphs, indicating that female bugs may select not only pubescent plants but also particular H. physophora treelets having characteristics more favourable to the development of their progeny.
Published: 2010
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48. Patterning the distribution of threatened crayfish and their exotic analogues using self-organizing maps

Author: Arthur Compin, Régis Céréghino, Frédéric Santoul, Dorothée Kopp, Nicolas Poulet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Species distribution, Endangered species, Introduced species, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pacifastacus, Austropotamobius pallipes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Freshwater, Occurrence, 14. Life underwater, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Orconectes limosus, Crayfish, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Zoologie des invertébrés, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Geography, Ecosystèmes, Threatened species, Land use, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Neural networks
Abstract: SUMMARYAbility to demonstrate statistical patterns of distribution by threatened species and by their potential competitors will determine success in forecasting locations at greatest risk, and ability to target management efforts. A self-organizing map algorithm (SOM) was used to derive probabilities of presence of native (Austropotamobius pallipes) and exotic (Orconectes limosus, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii) crayfish species with respect to physical and land-cover variables in a large stream system, using a simple presence-absence dataset of species. Crayfish were sampled at 128 sites representing 86 rivers. The probability of occurrence of the native species increased at higher elevations above sea level and lower temperatures; populations appeared to be mostly confined to headwater streams where exotic competitors were unable to withstand the colder conditions. The distribution of exotic species was correlated with anthropogenic factors, such as the degree of urbanization and agricultural land area. Complementary modelling tools, such as GIS and SOMs, can help to maximize the information extracted from available data in the context of biological conservation.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833) - African cotton leaf worm (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Chapter 14: Factsheets for 80 representative alien species

Author: Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Alain Roques, Marc Kenis, David Lees, Carlos Lopez Vaamonde, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Jean Yves Rasplus, and david Roy
Subjects: noctuidae, ravageur, habitat, relation hote-parasite, cycle biologique, Invertebrate Zoology, vegetable, range expansion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, invasive alien species, aire de distribution, biological cycle, legume, coton, Zoologie des invertébrés, insecte, ver du cottonnier, espece exotique invasive, egyptian cotton leafworm, distribution range, host parasite relationship, pest insect, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, description, lepidoptera, europe, gossypium
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

50. Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Yasumatsu,1951) - Chestnut gall wasp (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) Chapter 14: Factsheets for 80 representative alien species

Author: Glavendekic, Milka and Roques, Alain
Subjects: cycle biologique, Invertebrate Zoology, insecte, espece exotique invasive, aire de distribution, chataignier, culture ornementale, Oriental Chestnut Gall Wasp, pest insect, invasive alien species, distribution range, range expansion, biological cycle, chestnut tree, ornamental culture, description, Castniidae, dryocosmus, hymenoptera, cynipidae, europe, Zoologie des invertébrés
Published: 2010

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