Search

Since the beginning of human race, people have used plants as the source of nourishment. Plants are made of pro-teins, fatty acids and carbohydrates; they contain mineral salts and other kinds of substances such as vitamins. All of the plant compounds are well known to modern science due to technology development and possibility of performing the experiments. However, our accentors could only depend on good luck and observe themselves after use of unknown plant. The knowledge about positive effects after the usage of plant extracts or their consumption were cherished and passed down to next generations. The prescriptions for home-made remedies for rheumatism, different kinds of pain, wounds etc. were always present in people’s life next to plant use in food preparation as spice or medical tinctures. There are certain experiments which showed that plants are very complex organisms. After many years of scientific research, it has been finally discovered what is responsible for making some plants beneficial for human and animal health or dangerous and toxic in other cases. These days, biochemical characters of plant properties do not pose any secret to people who are conscious of the advantages resulting from using them every day. Particularly every cosmetic product contains some secondary metabolites or plant extracts, which provide certain results in everyday body care. When it comes to night creams, certain chemical peelings and face gels plant enzymes should be mentioned. The positive activity of these creams is connected with skin regeneration processes. Flaking is obstructed by the enzymes which are able to degrade dead skin cells. This process may cause new cells’ activation, which will replace dead skin cells. Such a reaction triggered by enzymes is used in treatment of scars, as well as in the prevention of skin aging. The effectiveness of the herbal therapy is found in substances high in biological activities. Herbs and their products of metabolism can be used in medical treat-ment of numerous conditions such as indigestion disorders starting from malnutrition and ending with obesity. In case of cardiac failure the most important remedies are heart medicaments.

Nowadays, we have various ways to check if new collagen was formed. One of such researches used this method to check effects of non-ablative laser treatments. Laser treatments have been one of the best methods of skin remodeling since they were introduced into aesthetic medicine and cosmetology. Numerous patients on the whole world benefit from this kind of face rejuvenation. However, lasers, when we speak about skin rejuvenation, have their bad effects. One of them is definitely healing process and the second one is possible damage to skin because of ablation. Recent techniques, non-ablative laser treatments, definitely take away the two drawbacks mentioned before –except skin ablation; there is less healing time and less probability of permanent damage to skin. However, is this enough to have also very good effects? Is it possible without proper damage to have very good results? This paper will investigate this matter on the basis of opinions of doctors and biophysics experts in the field of aesthetic medicine and cosmetology. All in all, the non-ablative laser devices, together with skin-cooling device, are proven to be safe and effective for skin rejuvenation in patients regardless their nationality. The advantages of such techniques for wrinkle reduction include the easiness of performance, lack of patient discomfort and treating all skin types without the high risk of epidermal injury. Non-ablative resurfacing techniques are very well suited for patients who need rejuvenation for their aging face. No matter what laser type is introduced, when speaking of non-ablative procedures, regardless of the fact if wrinkles, fine lines or skin surface is treated, the effects are subtle and gradual, comparing to ablative techniques, which are more aggressive. Various lasers are introduced to identify the best modality; however the extended pulse lasers are seen to provide particular benefits. Both the 1320nm and 1064nm lasers, when co-working with a skin-cooling device, are unique and appropriate for all skin types. Furthermore, these treatments are regarded as safe, and with less downtime for patients.

Zieliński Ewa, Wielgus Adriana, Dreliszak Jakub, Zukow Walery. Air pollution - selected health effects in Poland. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):641-648. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2527086 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6422 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/893801 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.12.2018. Revised: 26.12.2018. Accepted: 26.12.2018. Air pollution - selected health effects in Poland Zanieczyszczenie powietrza - wybrane skutki zdrowotne na terenie Polski Ewa Zieliński1, Adriana Wielgus2, Jakub Dreliszak3, Walery Zukow4 1Chair of Emergency Medicine and Medicine Disaster Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland 2Chair and Institute of Pedagogy and Teaching Nursing Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland 3Department of Fundamental Law of Medicine Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland 4Department of Spatial Management and Tourism, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland Słowa klucz: smog, ochrona środowiska, jakość powietrza, zdrowie, metale ciężkie Key words: smog, environment protection, air quality, health, toxic metal Streszczenie Jakość powietrza w Polsce od wielu lat jest jedną z najniższych na terenie Unii Europejskiej, natomiast poziom zanieczyszczeń wielokrotnie przekracza normy ustalone przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia (WHO). W konsekwencji negatywnie wpływa na organizm człowieka. Artykuł ukazuje problem zanieczyszczenia powietrza oraz skutki zdrowotne oddziaływania szkodliwych dla człowieka czynników emitowanych do atmosfery. Summary Air quality in Poland for many years is one of the lowest in the European Union, while the level of pollution is many times higher than the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a consequence, it has a negative effect on the human body. The article shows the problem of air pollution and the health effects of harmful factors emitted to the atmosphere.

Zieliński Ewa, El-Essa Ahmad, Grobelska Kinga, Dzięgielewski Piotr, Telak Oksana, Zukow Walery. Hyperbaric therapy of patients poisoned with carbon monoxide in the Hospital Emergency Department at University Hospital No. 1 named after Dr Antoni Jurasz in Bydgoszcz - preliminary report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):210-218. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2144552 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.phpohs/article/view/6365 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/890835 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 30.10.2018. Revised: 20.11.2018. Accepted: 10.12.2018. Hyperbaric therapy of patients poisoned with carbon monoxide in the Hospital Emergency Department at University Hospital No. 1 named after Dr Antoni Jurasz in Bydgoszcz - preliminary report Ewa Zieliński1, Ahmad El-Essa1, Kinga Grobelska1, Piotr Dzięgielewski2, Oksana Telak3, Walery Zukow4 1Department of Emergency Medicine and Catastrophe Medicine of Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Mikołaj Kopernik in Toruń, Poland 2SPZOZ 10 Military Clinical Hospital with Policlinics in Bydgoszcz, Poland 3The Main School of Fire Service, Poland 4Department of Spatial Management and Tourism, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland Key words: hiperbarotherapy, carbon monoxide, poisoning Abstract The study is a preliminary report on the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning at the Hospital Emergency Department at University Hospital No. 1 named after Dr. Antoni Jurasz in Bydgoszcz, with the use of oxybarotherapy in a monoplace chamber. Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a frequent cause of accidental and intentional injuries in the world. Many researchers suggest that the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in CO poisoning, prevents the development of neurological sequelae. This led to the widespread use of HBO in the treatment of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. The National Health Fund (NHF) reimburses patients treatment in a multi-person hyperbaric chamber. In the Hospital Emergency Department (HED) in Bydgoszcz there is a one-person hyperbaric chamber, which is mainly used to treat patients poisoned with CO. Treatment is also refunded by the NHF. The cost of treating the patient in the monoplace chamber is included in the contract - (lump sum) from NHF for HED.

Zieliński Ewa, Sas Katarzyna, Zukow Walery. Training of Medical Rescue teams in Ghana. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(11):346-353. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1493033 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.phpohs/article/view/6309 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.11.2018. Revised: 21.11.2018. Accepted: 21.11.2018. Training of Medical Rescue teams in Ghana Szkolenie zespołów Ratownictw Medycznego w Ghanie Ewa Zieliński1, Katarzyna Sas2, Walery Zukow3 1Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland 2Chair and Department of Pedagogy and Didactics of Nursing, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland 3Department of Spatial Management and Tourism, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland Key words: paramedics training, medical rescue team, Ghana Słowa kluczowe: szkolenie paramedyków, zespół ratownictwa medycznego, Ghana Summary During the numerous trips to African countries and during the implementation of education and prevention programs in Ghana, the problem of lack of knowledge and skills in providing premedical help and handling of medical equipment among Medical Emergency Teams was noticed. The Paramedics for Africa project was created. It was realized in 2017 in the capital of Ghana in Accra and the city of Dormaa. One of the goals of the project was medical training and equipment retrofitting of emergency ambulance teams. 81 paramedics were trained. The work describes own experience from the implementation of an educational project.

Zieliński Ewa, Sas Katarzyna, Zukow Walery. Difference of pro-health behaviors among the inhabitants of Ghana. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(11):337-345. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1492121 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.phpohs/article/view/6307 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/887776 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 30.10.2018. Revised: 20.11.2018. Accepted: 20.11.2018. Difference of pro-health behaviors among the inhabitants of Ghana Odmienność zachowań prozdrowotnych wśród mieszkańców Ghany Ewa Zieliński1, Katarzyna Sas2, Walery Zukow3 1Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland 2Chair and Department of Pedagogy and Didactics of Nursing, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland 3Department of Spatial Management and Tourism, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland Key words: pro-health behaviors among, disease, Ghana Słowa kluczowe: zachowania prozdrowotne, choroby, Ghana Abstract The diversity of behaviors, including pro-health ones, in developing countries is a major health, social and economic problem. Especially it affects the developing countries of Africa. In every culture, health is perceived differently. Inhabitants of different continents use different patterns of behavior, values, norms and cultural habits. The approach to health in individual cultures and social groups is the result of separate views and aspirations and from belief systems. Health indicators in Ghana are systematically improving. For example, the estimated life expectancy for people borned in 2015 was 61 years for men and 64 years for women. These indicators have been systematically growing for several dozen years thanks to the reduction of mortality caused by the medical development, improvement of hygienic and sanitary conditions, increase in the living standard, improvement of nutritional status and common protective vaccinations used in order to reduce the epidemic. Optimistic is the fact that life expectancy in health is 54 years. This is one of the best results in the sub-Saharan Africa region [1]. Despite a significant improvement in the majority of health indicators, Ghana continues to face numerous prevention and health care problems. During the research projects carried out in Ghana, numerous observations have been made in this area. For example, the state of knowledge about pro-health behaviors among the residents of Ghana has been assessed. Even the preliminary observation before the preparation of the publication indicated the problem of inadequate pro-health behaviors preferred among the inhabitants of Ghana.

Zieliński Ewa, Wielgus Adriana, Sas Katarzyna, Zukow Walery. Health hazards resulting from exposure to heavy metals generated during the incineration of electronic and electrical waste in developing countries on the example of Agbogbloshie. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):633-640. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2527054 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6421 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/893799 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.12.2018. Revised: 26.12.2018. Accepted: 26.12.2018. Health hazards resulting from exposure to heavy metals generated during the incineration of electronic and electrical waste in developing countries on the example of Agbogbloshie Zagrożenia zdrowia wynikające z narażenia na metale ciężkie powstające podczas spalania elektrośmieci w krajach rozwijających się na przykładzie Agbogbloshie Ewa Zieliński1, Adriana Wielgus2, Katarzyna Sas2, Walery Zukow3 1Chair of Emergency Medicine and Medicine Disaster Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland 2Chair and Institute of Pedagogy and Teaching Nursing Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland 3Department of Spatial Management and Tourism, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland Słowa klucz: e-wysypiska, metale ciężkie, Agbogbloshie, Ghana Key words: e-waste, heavy metals, Agbogbloshie, Ghana Streszczenie Spalanie elektrośmieci jest jedną z podstawowych metod utylizacji sprzętu elektronicznego w krajach rozwijających się. Podczas spalania telefonów komórkowych, komputerów, telewizorów, kabli oraz sprzętu AGD do atmosfery oraz gleby uwalniają się toksyczne dymy zawierające kwaśne gazy, wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA), dioksyny i metale ciężkie. Próbki powietrza pobrane od pracowników i środowiskowe próbki powietrza w Agbogbloshie wykazały podwyższone poziomy dla aluminium, miedzi, żelaza, cynku i ołowiu. W artykule omówiono negatywne skutki narażenia na wybrane wskazane metale ciężkie najbardziej negatywnie wpływające na zdrowie człowieka. Summary Combustion of electro-waste is one of the basic methods of e-waste processing in developing countries. When burning mobile phones, computers, TVs, cables and household appliances, toxic fumes containing acid gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins and heavy metals are released into the atmosphere and the soil. Personal air samples collected from workers and the environment air samples in Agbogbloshie indicated elevated levels for aluminum, copper, iron, zinc and lead. The article discusses the negative effects of exposure to the some indicated most dangerous heavy metals for human health.

Histology is a field of science focused on analysis of structure, development and function of cells and tissues of animals and plants. The study uses microscopy as its main tool of analysis. Histology includes the knowledge about microscopic structure of organs and also cytology and embryology. The science focused on histology of ill tissues and cells is called histopathology. It is a very important tool in analysis of anatomical pathology of morbid tissues, which appears in cancerous cells in animal or human body. Histology is essential for understanding and development of disciplines such as medicine, biology, veterinary medicine and many different sub-disciplines.

Acute central nervous system disorders are a direct threat to life and should therefore be recognized and treated as soon as possible. Brain damage is one of the most common causes of death. Detailed below are detailed symptomatic disease units designed to facilitate rapid diagnosis of the disorder and to decide whether to transport the patient to the appropriate medical center as soon as possible. Diagnostic options for diagnosing a disease such as a cerebral ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hematoma have been significantly developed over the years. Studies such as computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are extremely important for making a quick diagnosis. The development of technology and knowledge of the central nervous system has significantly reduced the number of deaths caused by cerebral disorders. The most important link in the procedure is a quick and accurate diagnosis of life threatening symptoms.

Stroke is the major cause of disability and the third leading cause of death among the adult population in Poland. Scientific studies have reported that approx. 60 000 Poles suffer a stroke each year. Approx. 80% of strokes are ischemic strokes. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified stroke as a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of focal or generalized brain dysfunction, the symptoms of which last longer than 24 hours or are leading to death and have no other cause than vascular one. In recent years, in order to restore patency in the clogged vessel supplying blood to the brain, the thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) or streptokinase. This method, however, has a number of contraindications, therefore thrombectomy is an opportunity for those patients who are not eligible to apply thrombolysis. Thrombectomy is currently used only in patients with ischemic stroke in the 6 hour therapeutic window. It involves mechanical removal of the blockage using a catheter introduced into the cerebral vessels through the artery. The procedure is performed under angiographic control and takes about 40 minutes. This is a direct form of treatment of the disease, at its most advanced stage. Scientific reports say that nearly 90% of thrombectomy implementations is effective in case of acute stroke. Thanks to the progress of medicine, researchers aim at eliminating contraindications against qualifying a patient for thrombectomy treatment.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 04/2017; ISSN 1509-409X

Pain accompanies a human being from his birth until his death. It is associated with an unpleasant experience. There is a group of patients who can feel severe pain. In the 21st century no man should feel the pain connected with a disease process. Administration of opioids is the most effective method of relieving pain. The World Health Organization introduced rules for the treatment of pain based on the analgesic ladder, starting from non-opioid analgesics up to strong opioids. The division of opioids is based on their affinity for opioid receptors, which are located in different parts of the body. Morphine is the commonest analgesic drug used in emergency medicine. Acute pain caused by trauma, acute cardiac incidents and chronic pain are main recommendations on the morphine application. Adverse side effects of morphine include respiratory depression, which can lead to acute respiratory failure.