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Resin/fiber composites were prepared by the FDM printing technology. The effects of arrangements, types (carbon, glass, and Kevlar), and volume fraction of fibers on the shear and tensile properties of resin 3D-printed composites are investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that the addition of continuous fibers increases the shear strength and tensile strength of FDM-3D-printed composites, but the strength will not keep increasing with an increase in the fiber content. As the fiber content increases, the print quality decreases, and the porosity between the fibers increases. The enhancement degree of the shear stress of specimens by different fiber types can be classified as follows: glass fiber > carbon fiber > Kevlar fiber. Notch sensitivity is reduced when the 90° arrangement of fibers is added, while the addition of 0° arranged fibers will improve the notch sensitivity of the sample. The research results of this paper have an important guiding significance for selecting fiber types and arrangement mode of notched components in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]