Search

The solubilization of poorly water-soluble natural bioactive compounds remains a significant challenge. This study aims to design a ternary inclusion system to enhance the solubility of the poorly water-soluble compound Neohesperidin (NH). Soluble ternary cyclodextrin complexations (t-CDs) containing NH, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and meglumine (MEG) were prepared and optimized. The optimized t-CDs were further characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and molecular docking (MD) techniques. The results suggested that NH formed was associated with MEG through hydrogen bonds with MEG, and was subsequently incorporated into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD, which may be a key factor in improving its solubility. The solubility of NH in water at 37 °C increased significantly from 0.16 mg/mL to 5.81 mg/mL in the optimized t-CDs (NH/MEG/HP-β-CD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tangerine peel is rich in flavonoids, particularly hesperidin, which has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer biological activities. However, it is often wasted during citrus processing. The current common extraction method for hesperidin is solvent extraction, which has the characteristics of low extraction rate and high contamination. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field‐assisted alkali dissolution extraction, followed by an acidification precipitation method, on the extraction rate and structure of hesperidin from tangerine peel. RESULTS: The results showed that the selected factors (material/liquid ratio, electric field intensity and pulse number) had a significant effect on the extraction yield. An optimum condition of 66.00 mL g−1, 4.00 kV cm−1 and 35.00 pulses gave the maximum amount (669.38 μg mL−1), which was consistent with the theoretically predicted value by software (672.10 μg mL−1), indicating that the extraction process was feasible. In addition, the purified extract was further identified as hesperidin from UV and NMR spectra. CONCLUSION: An appropriate strength of pulsed electric field‐assisted alkali dissolution extraction followed by an acidification precipitation method can effectively improve the extraction rate of orange peel, and the purity of the extracted orange peel is higher. Compared with the traditional extraction, the pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction method may be a potential technology for hesperidin extraction, which is beneficial for the high‐value utilization of citrus resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The poor water solubility of flavonoids has always been a bottleneck restricting industrial production and application. The key problem of water‐solubility of flavonoids was solved by establishing an alkali substrate‐feeding engineering conversion platform using recombinant rhamnosidase. The results showed that the recombinant enzyme had α‐L‐rhamnosidase activity. Using this enzyme, four kinds of flavonoids such as hesperidin (HSD) were successfully hydrolyzed to products such as hesperetin 7‐O‐glucoside (HMG). Four key enzyme reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, feed rate and substrate specificity were investigated, and the optimum process parameters of the conversion platform were obtained. That was, under the conditions of temperature 50 °C, pH 6 and feeding speed 0.5 mL min−1, HSD conversion efficiency can reach 8.65 mg min−1. In addition, the changes in enzyme protein structure during basic feeding were elucidated by circular binary chromatography (CD) and fluorescence spectrum. The platform has the advantages of low cost, simple process, green environmental protection, high conversion rate and product purity. This method laid a solid foundation for the resource utilisation of flavonoid glycosides and industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, bioactivity, and release mechanism of bound polyphenols (BPs) released from Rosa roxburghii fruit pomace insoluble dietary fiber (RPDF) through solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger. The results indicated that the amount of BPs released from RPDF through SSF was 17.22 mg GAE/g DW, which was significantly higher than that achieved through alkaline hydrolysis extraction (5.33 mg GAE/g DW). The BPs released through SSF exhibited superior antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to that released through alkaline hydrolysis. Chemical composition analysis revealed that SSF released several main compounds, including ellagic acid, epigallocatechin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid. Mechanism analysis indicated that the disruption of tight structure, chemical bonds, and hemicellulose was crucial for the release of BPs from RPDF. This study provides valuable information on the potential application of SSF for the efficient release of BPs from RPDF, contributing to the utilization of RPDF as a functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel storage technique that combines the low-frequency electric field (LFEF) and ice temperature was used to extend the shelf life of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). The study investigated the effect of LFEF treatment on the quality and microbial composition of Penaeus vannamei during storage at ice temperature. The results showed that the LFEF treatment significantly extended the shelf life of shrimp during storage at ice temperature. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH of samples increased over time, while the total viable count (TVC) showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Obviously, shrimp samples treated with LFEF had a lower pH, TVB-N and TVC values than the untreated samples (p < 0.05) at the middle and late stages of storage. LFEF treatment increased the diversity and altered the composition of the microbial communities in Penaeus vannamei. Additionally, the treatment led to a decrease in the relative abundance of dominant spoilage bacteria, including Aliivibrio, Photobacterium and Moritella, in Penaeus vannamei stored at ice temperature for 11 days. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that TVB-N and pH had a significant and positive correlation with Pseudoalteromonas, suggesting that Pseudoalteromonas had a greater impact on shrimp quality. This study supports the practical application of accelerated low-frequency electric field-assisted shrimp preservation as an effective means of maintaining shrimp meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genipin (GP) as a natural crosslinker has gained much attention in the food industry on account of its high biocompatibility and safety. In this paper, chitosan (CS)‐soy protein isolate (SPI) crosslinked films were prepared using GP as a crosslinking agent. Crosslinking reaction with high contents of GP (0.03%, 0.05%) changed the rheological property of the film matrixes. The crosslinking degree was positively correlated with the content of GP, which was from 21.08 ± 3.95% of CS‐SPI‐1 to 39.66 ± 1.62% of CS‐SPI‐5. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed the crosslinking reaction. The X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated that the crosslinking reaction decreased the crystallinity degree and enhanced the surface roughness of CS‐SPI film, respectively. The crosslinking reaction did not significantly affect the thickness, moisture content and water solubility of CS‐SPI film. Crosslinked films presented better light barrier capacity. The tensile strength (TS) of CS‐SPI‐1 was increased by 50%, however, further increasing the contents of GP (0.03%, 0.05%) reduced the TS of the crosslinked films. With the increasing incorporation with GP, the EAB was significantly decreased, while the modulus increased from 95.76 ± 25.78 to 508.78 ± 77.95 MPa. The crosslinking reaction improved the rigidity of CS‐SPI film. Low crosslinking degree could improve thermal stability of CS‐SPI, while higher GP addition (0.03%, 0.05%) decreased the thermal stability and prolonged the degradation time of the film in soil. The results indicated that low crosslinking reaction could improve the property of CS‐SPI film, enhancing its potential application in food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis method was developed for the separation and quantification of hesperidin, neohesperidin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and hesperetin by using HPLC-UV. Single factor experiments and Box-Behnken Designs were used to optimize separation of four flavonoids, in which a gradient elution method was adopted with 99% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. A C18 column was used with a column temperature of 35 °C. LODs and LOQs were below 0.84 µg/mL and 2.84 µg/mL, respectively. Linearity with good correlation coefficients (r > 0.99, n = 5) was attained, recovery rate of four flavonoids ranged from 88% to 130%, the RSD indicating results precision for analyzing hesperidin, neohesperidin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and hesperetin ranged from 1.2% to 4.6%. Finally, the present method could be successfully applied to identify and quantify hesperidin, neohesperidin and hesperetin in Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A solvent method was used to prepare the inclusion compound of neohesperidin (NH) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) to improve the water solubility and thermal stability of NH. The physical and chemical properties and supramolecular structure of the inclusion complex were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TG‐DTG, PXRD, NMR and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that the C‐ring of NH was embedded in the cavity of HP‐β‐CD to form an inclusion complex. The phase has changed significantly, NH is completely dispersed in HP‐β‐CD in an amorphous state, and the two are combined in the form of non‐covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces. Through inclusion of HP‐β‐CD, the solubility of NH in water at 37 °C increased from 161.81 μg ml−1 to 1927.12 μg ml−1, and its stability was also significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel biosorbent originated from sugar beet pulp (SBP) was synthesized by microwave-assisted esterification with maleic anhydride (MA) and further decorated with ferric hydroxide. Characterization methods including FT-IR, SEM, XRD, Zeta potential, BET, TG and XPS were used to determine anticipative modification of SBP. The co-modified product of SBP (FMSBP) was applied for the cationic methylene blue (MB) dye removal and the optimization of experimental parameters such as biosorbent dosage, initial pH, contact time, initial MB concentration and temperature were investigated. Biosorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a theoretical maximum biosorption capacity of 641.3 mg g−1 and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable to describe kinetic data, while thermodynamic calculations indicated a spontaneous and exothermic biosorption process. Surface complexation and electrostatic interactions were involved in biosorption mechanisms, and the superior biosorption performance of FMSBP was achieved within 150 min at pH 8. Furthermore, FMSBP was demonstrated for the successful application in simulated real wastewater treatment, and the removal efficiency of MB remained above 70% after six desorption-resorption cycles, indicating a stable and promising biosorbent for decontamination of wastewater containing cationic dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm × 20 cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6 × 60 cm). The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 were investigated. The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382 Da and 23,063 Da, respectively). Tertiary structure analyses indicated that HLP2-1 had triple-helical conformation, but HLP1-1 not. The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 showed a certain antioxidant activity, and HLP2-1 showed stronger antioxidant activities than HLP1-1. Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 exhibited a relatively inhibition on HepG2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a novel and feasible dissolution and fractionation method of depectinated sugar beet pulp (SBP) in NaOH/Urea/H 2 O, ionic liquid (IL) and alkaline treatment processes. Interestingly, the complicated structure of SBP can be treated with 30 % H 2 SO 4 to increase the dissolution rate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that the appearance of cellulose and hemicellulose obtained by two methods were different. At the same time, two lignin fractions showed irregular high-density clusters, which were composed of a large number of submicron particles. The crystal structure of two cellulose fractions changed from cellulose I to cellulose II. The thermal stability of cellulose and lignin obtained by ionic liquid was slightly better than that obtained by NaOH/urea/H 2 O. Results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C NMR showed that the chemical structures of SBP cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin regenerated from NaOH/urea/H 2 O and ionic liquid were similar. • Two simple and efficient methods were successfully applied to the separation of SBP components. • The separated SBP components were systematically analyzed and compared. • The crystal form of SBP could be successfully transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II. • The fiber components with various shapes and properties can be obtained by methods in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work reports on a modification of the standard Quentin method by the use of Ca2+- enriched brine obtained by electrodialysis (ED) treatment of thin juice to regenerate the Ca2+ form of the resin used to remove of K+ and Na+ in mother liquor B. Results showed that after the ED treatment was carried out under the best operating conditions (voltage of 1.17V/Cell and recirculating flow rate of 70l/h), BK001 resin was regenerated within 3.6h with a Ca2+ exchange capacity of 53.9mg CaO per ml wet resin. The ED treatment removed 61.3% of conductive ashes in the thin juice, and its purity was increased from 90.0% to 92.3% while continuously treating thin juice under the optimal conditions. The modified method has potential to improve the sugar yield in beet sugar industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigate a kind of degenerate quadratic Hamiltonian systems with saddle-loop. Under quadratic perturbations, it is proved that the perturbed system has at most two limit cycles in the finite plane. The proof relies on a careful analysis of a related Abelian integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A model building method was used to simulate the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection. • ARV can promote FAdV-4 replication, whereas FAdV-4 has no significant effect on ARV replication. • Compared with singular FAdV-4 infection or singular ARV infection, FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection increased the pathogenicity to SPF chicken embryos and SPF chickens. • Pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection was closely related to the exact timing and sequence of infection of SPF chicken embryos and SPF chickens with these two pathogens. Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is a fatal disease caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). Avian viral arthritis is an infectious disease characterized by movement disorders caused by avian orthoreovirus (ARV). In the early 2019, our epidemiologic survey on poultry diseases in eight commercial broiler farms in China showed that FAdV-4 and ARV have a high coinfection rate, accounting for 63 % of all ARV-positive samples. We designed chicken embryo and animal models to investigate the synergistic pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and ARV. Weakness and inappetence were observed in all specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens of the experimental group. FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection caused severe embryonic body and hepatic hemorrhage in SPF chicken embryos. Compared with the singular ARV-infected group, joint swelling was more severe in all coinfected groups. Compared with single virus infection, the coinfection of the two viruses increased the mortality of SPF chicken embryos and chickens. FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection resulted in significantly severe macroscopic and microscopic lesions of the liver, spleen, and kidney of SPF chickens. The detection results of viral load in allantoic fluid, liver, and cloacal swabs indicated that ARV enhanced FAdV-4 replication in SPF chicken embryos and chickens. Cytokine detection showed a significant change in interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and interferon-α (IFN-α) levels in coinfected groups compared with those in the single-infected groups. Additionally, FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection caused severe damage to the SPF chicken's immune system. In summary, these findings provide insights into the pathology, prevention, and treatment of FAdV-4 and ARV coinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of separation and reaction, Ion exchange column, The copper()-hesperetin complex, Synthesis, Bioactivity. [Extracted from the article]