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Successive development of China’s power spot market has subjected the operation and dispatching mode of the existing power system to an increasingly greater influence imposed by the electricity market mechanism. In China’s northern provinces requiring winter heating, it is a huge challenge to the trading mechanism of power spot market to simultaneously guarantee the safe operation of power system and the heating mode of heating unit. To address this issue, this paper analyses the operation conditions and problems of power spot market during winter heating in northern China. Based on the analysis of the power spot market in a northern city, This paper analyzes some crucial problems in the construction of spot market and sums up policy advice for the further construction of spot market adapted to direct electricity purchase by large consumers in northern China.

A cactus-shaped magnetic composite was prepared for solid-phase extraction of RNA. It is composed of the metal organic framework UiO-66-NH2 that was modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The composite was then dispersed in a lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES, Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2@DES). The structures of the sorbents were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The extraction performance of sorbents was optimized and the maximum extraction capacity reached 246 mg·g−1. Extraction is shown to mainly rely on chelation interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction. The sorbent can selectively extract RNA over DNA, bovine hemoglobin and amino acids. Regeneration studies indicated that the sorbent can be re-used (after regenreation with DES) several times without obvious change of the extraction capacity. The successful extraction of RNA from yeast testified the practical application of the sorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The previous study in our lab showed that Nodal molecule on bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) was modulated by all kinds of lung microbes. The present study was designed to determine the effects of Nodal on proliferation of BECs and BECs-induced differentiation of T-helper (Th) cells. The epigenetic mechanisms of Nodal expression following treatments of different lung microbes were also identified. Methods: Real-time polymerization chain reaction (PCR) and western blot were used to determine the expression of Nodal. Flow cytometry was used to observe the effects of proliferation of BECs and subsequent BECs-induced differentiation of Th cells. Methylation levels of CpG islands in Nodal promoters were also analyzed by time of flight mass spectrometry. Results: The results showed that Nodal promoted proliferation of BECs and BECs-induced differentiation of Th cell from Th1 to Th2 and Th17. Nodal promoter showed a hyper-methylation in normal BECs. Through methylation modification in the promoter, P. aeruginosa or A.baumanni inhibited the expression of Nodal while RSV promoted the expression of Nodal. Conclusions: Our data showed that Nodal promoted Th2 and Th17 differentiation and inhibited Th1 differentiation which may cause imbalance of airway microenvironment. P. aeruginosa or A.baumanni may be hopeful for the treatment of airway hyperresponsveness by inhibition Nodal expression through DNA methylation modification in the promoter. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel adsorbent based on silica-coated magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surface modified by dual hydroxy functional ionic liquid (FIL) ([OH]-FIL-m-MWCNTs@SiO2) has been designed and used for the purification of lysozyme (Lys) by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize [OH]-FIL-m-MWCNTs@SiO2. After extraction, the concentration of Lys was determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 278 nm. A series of single-factor experiments were carried out to identify the optimal conditions of the extraction and the extraction amount could reach up to 94.6 mg g−1. The RSD of the precision, the repeatability and the stability experiments were 0.37% (n = 3), 0.47% (n = 3) and 0.52% (n = 3), respectively. Comparison of [OH]-FIL-m-MWCNTs@SiO2 with silica-coated magnetic Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2), silica-coated magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs@SiO2) and alkyl quaternary ammonium ionic liquid-modified on m-MWCNTs@SiO2 was carried out by extracting Lys. The extraction of bovine serum albumin (BSA), trypsin (Try) and ovalbumin (OVA) was also done by the proposed method. Desorption of Lys was carried out by 0.005 mol L−1 Na2HPO4–1 mol L−1 NaCl as the eluent solution and the desorption ratio reached 91.6%. Nearly 97.8% of the [OH]-FIL-m-MWCNTs@SiO2 could be recovered from each run, and the extraction amount decreased less after five runs. The circular dichroism spectral experiment analysis indicated that the secondary structure of Lys was unchanged after extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a major cause of severe respiratory diseases, constitutes an important risk factor for the development of subsequent asthma. However, the mechanism underlying RSV-induced asthma is poorly understood. Viral non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2 are critically required for RSV virulence; they strongly suppress IFN-mediated innate immunity of the host cells. In order to understand the effects of NS1 and NS2 on differentiation of Th subsets, we constructed lentiviral vectors of NS1 or NS2 to infect 16 HBE and analyzed the expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 and differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 by Flow Cytometric Analysis and real-time PCR. The results showed that NS1 inhibited expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 and differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes, which could be reversed by deleting elongin C binding domain. NS2 inhibited the differentiation of Th2 and Th17, which was reversed by proteasome inhibitors of PS-341. Our results indicated that NS1 inhibited the differentiation of T lymphocytes through its mono-ubiquitination to interacted proteins, while NS2 inhibited differentiation of Th2 and Th17 through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which may be related with the susceptibility to asthma after RSV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature superconducting (HTS) generator was promising in the wind power applications for its advantages in the weight, size and thermal stability against load fluctuations, especially in the “direct-driven” design. A 100 kW generator was proposed for the demonstration of the feasibility of using HTS in 10 MW wind turbine generators. The electromagnetic design and optimization of the rotor were done using finite element method (FEM). The excitation coil of the rotor was designed considering variable working conditions. According to the numerical results, a number of suggestions in the design and winding techniques of the superconducting rotor were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]