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Previous studies have done more research on the relationship between carbon emission reduction, energy consumption, and economic growth in specific countries or regions, which rarely consider the issue of heterogeneity between countries or regions, and also lack the refinement of energy consumption categories. Using panel data from 2000 to 2017, this paper divided the top 28 global carbon emission countries into developed countries and developing countries, and explores co-integration and causality between renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emission. Results suggested that there is a two-way causal relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in all economies. There is a two-way causal relationship between economic growth in developed countries and consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy, while there is no significant relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in developing countries. There is a two-way causal relationship between carbon emissions and renewable energy in all economies, but there are significant differences; there is a two-way causal relationship between carbon emissions in developed countries and non-renewable energy, and only one-way causality exists in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic dysfunction and jaundice are usually present in patients with hyperthyroidism. It may be the clinical manifestation of the disease or the adverse effect of antithyroid therapy. We report a 69-year-old male with hyperthyroidism who developed cholestasis and acute cholecystitis after a 4-day course of methimazole. After withdrawal of methimazole, his cholestasis subsided.

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Background: To analyze the real-world growth pattern of very premature infants (VPI) with small for gestational age (SGA) after birth by using the ΔZ value of weight at discharge. Methods: The clinical data were collected from 28 hospitals in China from September 2019 to December 2020. They were divided into the EUGR(Extrauterine Growth Restriction) and the non-EUGR group according to the criterion of ΔZ value of weight at discharge < –1.28. Results: This study included 133 eligible VPI with SGA. Following the criterion of ΔZ value, the incidence of EUGR was 36.84% (49/133). The birth weight, the 5-min Apgar score, and the proportion of male infants in the EUGR group were lower (P < 0.05). The average invasive ventilation time, cumulative duration of the administration of antibiotics, blood transfusion time, blood transfusion ratio, and total days of hospitalization were significantly higher in the EUGR group (P < 0.05). In the EUGR group, several factors exhibited higher values (P < 0.05), including the initiation of enteral feeding, the volume of milk supplemented with human milk fortifier (HMF), the duration to achieve complete fortification, the cumulative duration of fasting, the duration to achieve full enteral feeding, the length of parenteral nutrition (PN), the number of days required to attain the desired total calorie intake and oral calorie intake, as well as the age at which birth weight was regained. The average weight growth velocity (GV) was significantly lower in the EUGR group (P < 0.001). The incidences of patent ductus arteriosus with hemodynamic changes (hsPDA), neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage≥ 2, late-onset sepsis (LOS), and feeding intolerance (FI) in the EUGR group were higher (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight, male, and GV were the protective factors, while a long time to achieve full-dose fortification, slow recovery of birth weight, and NEC stage ≥2 were the independent risk factors. Conclusion: SGA in VPI can reflect the occurrence of EUGR more accurately by using the ΔZ value of weight at discharge. Enhancing enteral nutrition support, achieving prompt and complete fortification of breast milk, promoting greater GV, reducing the duration of birth weight recovery, and minimizing the risk of NEC can contribute to a decreased occurrence of EUGR. Trial registration: CHICTR, ChiCTR1900023418. Registered 26/05/2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were chemically exfoliated from bulk boron nitride and coated onto the surface of a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolyte through a dry-pressing transfer process. The fabricated BNNSs coating formed a robust interfacial layer to improve the chemical and mechanical stability of the PEO-based electrolyte, leading to the enhanced performance of solid-state Li metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to investigate the long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles that are associated with the invasion and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Transwell invasion assays were used to screen three highly invasive sub‑strains of the human PTC IHH4 cell line: IHH4‑M1, IHH4‑M2 and IHH4‑M3. In addition, tumor‑bearing nude mice were used to identify the invasive and metastatic capacity of the three sub‑strains. Agilent lncRNA microarray chips were used to screen 795 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 788 differentially expressed mRNAs. A total of 10 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs were randomly selected for RT‑qPCR validation to confirm that the results were consistent with the microarray chips, suggesting that the results of the microarray chip analysis were relatively accurate. Gene ontology enrichment‑based cluster analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with steroid biosynthesis, bioadhesion, intercellular adhesion and other metastasis‑associated biological processes. The results of the pathway cluster analysis identified that the differentially expressed genes were associated with tumor metastasis‑associated signaling pathways, including the cholesterol metabolic signaling pathway, the sterol regulatory element‑binding protein signaling pathway and the integrin signaling pathway, suggesting that lncRNA may regulate PTC metastasis through various signaling pathways. The present study screened and constructed PTC metastasis‑associated lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles, and it provides a molecular basis for the future study of high‑risk molecular markers of PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A differential effective medium scheme for the chloride diffusivity of concrete with spheroidal aggregate particles is presented. By taking the interfacial transition zone (ITZ)-coated aggregate particle as an "equivalent aggregate particle," the three-phase concrete is reduced to a two-phase composite material. The differential effective medium theory is then adopted to derive an analytical approximation for the chloride diffusivity of concrete. After the validity of the analytical approximation is verified with two sets of experimental results, the effects of various key factors on the chloride diffusivity of concrete are evaluated quantitatively. Numerical results indicate that the chloride diffusivity of concrete increases with an increase in chloride diffusivity and thickness of ITZ, but decreases by increasing the aggregate aspect ratio and maximum aggregate diameter. It is also found that the aggregate gradation has a significant influence on the chloride diffusivity of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists the current team of reviewers who contribute to IEEE Potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Lists, in alphabetical order, the reviewers who contribute to IEEE Potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]