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To alleviate the contradiction between high-density urban spatial environments and high-frequency citizens’ activities, it is vital to determine the degree of openness of waterfront space, figure out the matching relationship between spatial openness and vitality intensity, identify imbalanced spatial zones and divide the order of intervention, and compensate for the limitations of subjective judgment in traditional planning decisions. This paper uses the Changsha Xiangjiang River waterfront space as a research sample based on multi-source data. It constructs the evaluation indicators system and research framework for the degree of openness of waterfront space. Then, by evaluating the openness and vitality intensity of the waterfront space and adopting the quadrant division method, waterfront space zones with a mismatched openness and vitality intensity were identified. Finally, planning interventions are prioritized based on a priority index. The results show the following: (1) The openness and vitality of the waterfront space of Xiangjiang River show the spatial distribution characteristics of “high in the middle and low in the north and south” and “high on the east bank and low on the west bank”. (2) Fifteen low-quality waterfront spatial zones with “low vitality intensity and low openness” and one with a severe imbalance of “low openness–high vitality intensity” were identified. These waterfront spatial zones cannot meet the requirements for the high-quality development of waterfront space. (3) The study delineates five priority levels for planning interventions. Among them, three waterfront space zones belong to priority V, mainly distributed north and south of the Xiangjiang River. Five waterfront spatial zones belonging to priority IV are concentrated in the middle of the Xiangjiang River. The above areas need to be prioritized for improvement to accurately promote the overall balanced development of the waterfront space.

Tinnitus is perception of sound in the absence of an apparent external acoustic stimulus. The condition is prevalent in adults, especially the elderly (≥65 years), and may be associated with cognitive function decline and significantly impacts on the quality of life, heralding difficulties in managing this challenging disorder. Interventions for tinnitus have been varied. However, drugs have not yet been approved for the treatment of tinnitus and there is no pharmacotherapy recommended by existing guidelines. Still, herbal medicines are used for the treatment of tinnitus in many countries, especially Gingko (G.) biloba. In the current updated literature review, we evaluated the efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment of tinnitus by reviewing the evidence of relevant randomized controlled trials. The authors also highlight some of the issues in clinical trials of herbal medicines given that currently available evidence on herbal medicines for tinnitus is overall of insufficient quality and the conclusions from existing trials are conflicting. Nevertheless, there is a clear and urgent need for safe and effective pharmacotherapy of tinnitus.

Administration of cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic drug, has an inevitable side effect of sensorineural hearing loss. The main etiologies are stria vascularis injury, spiral ganglion degeneration, and hair cell death. Over several decades, the research scope of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity has expanded with the discovery of the molecular mechanism mediating inner ear cell death, highlighting the roles of reactive oxygen species and transport channels for cisplatin uptake into inner ear cells. Upon entering hair cells, cisplatin disrupts organelle metabolism, induces oxidative stress, and targets DNA to cause intracellular damage. Recent studies have also reported the role of inflammation in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In this article, we preform a narrative review of the latest reported molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, from extracellular to intracellular. We build up a signaling network starting with cisplatin entering into the inner ear through the blood labyrinth barrier, disrupting cochlear endolymph homeostasis, and activating inflammatory responses of the outer hair cells. After entering the hair cells, cisplatin causes hair cell death via DNA damage, redox system imbalance, and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, culminating in programmed cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagic death, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Based on the mentioned mechanisms, prominent therapeutic targets, such as channel-blocking drugs of cisplatin transporter, construction of cisplatin structural analogues, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, cell death inhibitors, and others, were collated. Considering the recent research efforts, we have analyzed the feasibility of the aforementioned therapeutic strategies and proposed our otoprotective approaches to overcome cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Biosensors are small but smart devices responding to the external stimulus, widely used in many fields including clinical diagnosis, healthcare and environment monitoring, etc. Moreover, there is still a pressing need to fabricate sensitive, stable, reliable sensors at present. DNA origami technology is able to not only construct arbitrary shapes in two/three dimension but also control the arrangement of molecules with different functionalities precisely. The functionalization of DNA origami nanostructure endows the sensing system potential of filling in weak spots in traditional DNA-based biosensor. Herein, we mainly review the construction and sensing mechanisms of sensing platforms based on DNA origami nanostructure according to different signal output strategies. It will offer guidance for the application of DNA origami structures functionalized by other materials. We also point out some promising directions for improving performance of biosensors.

The article presents a study on a strategy developed to simultaneously cocrystallize multitype DNA origami frames (DOF) in a programmable manner to synthesize types of nanoparticle superlattices based on binding nanoparticles to DOFs. Topics discussed include the octahedral DOFs used to construct three-dimensional DNA platforms, the advantages of the multiple-unit systems over single-unit systems, and a way to diversify the synthesis of the crystals using the strategy.

Ro-vibrational term values of the 3¹S+g state of 85,85Rb2 and 85,87Rb2 and resolved fluorescence spectra to the A¹S+u state are recorded following optical-optical double resonance excitation. The experimental data are heavily perturbed, and as a result, the standard analysis based on Dunham series representation of the energy levels fails. The analysis is done via modeling the adiabatic potential function with the Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential constructed from the generalized smoothing spline interpolation of the vibrational energies Gv and rotational constantsBv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ro-vibrational term values of the 3¹S+g state of 85,85Rb2 and 85,87Rb2 and resolved fluorescence spectra to the A¹S+u state are recorded following optical-optical double resonance excitation. The experimental data are heavily perturbed, and as a result, the standard analysis based on Dunham series representation of the energy levels fails. The analysis is done via modeling the adiabatic potential function with the Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential constructed from the generalized smoothing spline interpolation of the vibrational energies Gv and rotational constantsBv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]