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Optical neural networks (ONNs) have gained significant attention due to their potential for high-speed and energy-efficient computation in artificial intelligence. The implementation of optical convolutions plays a vital role in ONNs, as they are fundamental operations within neural network architectures. However, state-of-the-art convolution architectures often suffer from redundant inputs, leading to substantial resource waste. Here, we demonstrate an integrated optical convolution architecture that leverages the inherent routing principles of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to execute the sliding of convolution kernel and summation of results. M × N multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations are facilitated by M + N units within a single clock cycle, thus eliminating the redundancy. In the experiment, we achieved 5 bit precision and 91.9 % accuracy in the handwritten digit recognition task confirming the reliability of our approach. Its redundancy-free architecture, low power consumption, high compute density (8.53 teraOP mm−1 s−1) and scalability make it a valuable contribution to the field of optical neural networks, thereby paving the way for future advancements in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence applications.

Fluorophores are considered powerful tools for not only enabling the visualization of cell structures, substructures, and biological processes, but also making for the quantitative and qualitative measurement of various analytes in living systems. However, most fluorophores do not meet the diverse requirements for biological applications in terms of their photophysical and biological properties. Hybridization is an important strategy in molecular engineering that provides fluorophores with complementarity and multifunctionality. This review summarizes the basic strategies of hybridization with four classes of fluorophores, including xanthene, cyanine, coumarin, and BODIPY with a focus on their structure‐property relationship (SPR) and biological applications. This review aims to provide rational hybrid ideas for expanding the reservoir of knowledge regarding fluorophores and promoting the development of newly produced fluorophores for applications in the field of life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel friction-assisted jet electrodeposition technology was applied to prepare bronze coating on 40CrNiMoA structural steel surfaces. The bronze electrode was designed with internal flow channels and nozzles, and the friction brushes made of alumina and silicon carbide were connected to the electrode surface. It was reported that the quality and deposition rate of the thick bronze coatings were significantly improved with friction-assisted jet electrodeposition. The roughness and microstructures were refined, and the deposition rate was up to 100 μm/h when the current density was 8 A/dm2. In addition, the chemical composition was related to current density as the content of tin in the bronze coating made with FJED decreased at a high current density. Moreover, the grain structures were α-CuSn in the solid-solution phase and the average grain size of FJED coatings was refined at a current density of 8 A/dm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the recycling of iron tailings powder (IP) and desulfurization ash (DA) and reduce the high preparation cost of mine filling cementitious materials (MCs), this article adopts sodium carbonate (SC) as an activator to prepare iron tailings powder-desulfurization ash mine filling cementitious materials (IDMC). The effects of IP content, DA content, SC content, and mirabilite content on the mechanical properties and setting time are experimentally investigated. The micromorphology and phase compositions of the hydration products of IDMC are analyzed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the initial setting time of the IDMC is reduced by 0.87 and 21.83% when the mirabilite content is increased from 0 to 1% and 2%, respectively, and the compressive and flexural strengths of the IDMC are increased by 24.01 and 86.25% when the IP content is increased from 0 to 20%, respectively. The IP not only participates in the hydration reaction but also plays an aggregate filling effect, significantly improving the mechanical properties of the IDMC. The pozzolanic effect is gradually enhanced with the increase of the DA content, and the hydration degree of the IDMC increases. The SC as an activator can moderately reduce the shrinkage rate of the IDMC. Based on the multi-index optimization analysis, the optimal mix proportion of the IDMC is obtained, which provides an effective reference for the preparation of the novel MC.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with polygonal porosity and highly ordered structures. The most prominent feature of the COFs is their excellent crystallinity and highly ordered modifiable one-dimensional pores. Since the first report of them in 2005, COFs with various structures were successfully synthesized and their applications in a wide range of fields including gas storage, pollution removal, catalysis, and optoelectronics explored. In the meantime, COFs also exhibited good performance in chemical and biological sensing, because their highly ordered modifiable pores allowed the selective adsorption of the analytes, and the interaction between the analytes and the COFs' skeletons may lead to a detectable change in the optical or electrical properties of the COFs. In this review, we firstly demonstrate the basic principles of COFs-based chemical and biological sensing, then briefly summarize the applications of COFs in sensing some substances of practical value, including some gases, ions, organic compounds, and biomolecules. Finally, we discuss the trends and the challenges of COFs-based chemical and biological sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of ant-tracking in seismic interpretation shows its advantages in fault characterization.However, this technology is limited by the quality of seismic data, the selection of ant-tracking input data, and multi-solution caused by single attribute.Thus, how to improve the accuracy of ant-tracking has been the hot issue and hard nut to crack in the industry.This paper takes well-block 1 in Shunbei area of Tarim Basin as the research object, and analyses the differences and application potential of chaos, variance, and the maximum positive curvature theories in fault detection.Besides, based on generalized S transform spectral decomposition, we compare discontinuity detection effects of chaos, variance and the maximum positive curvature attributes in different frequencies.Next, the data is processed after discontinuity detection with ant-tracking and optimize the best date for each frequency.Finally, RGB fusion is carried out after occurrence control.Results show that chaos in low frequency, variance in medium frequency and the maximum positive curvature in high frequency respond well with big, medium and small faults.The ant-tracking aided with multi-frequency domain and different fault detections can display multi-scale fracture distribution and enrich the underground geological information.

The selection of mobile phase is significant for the separation result of HPLC, for it may have influence on the quantitative analysis. During HPLC analysis, engineers usually use (water-acetonitrile) mobile phase system to separate aldehydes and ketones, however, the existence of acetone will affect the separation effect of other substances. The paper researches one new (water-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran) mobile phase system to separate aldehydes and ketones. By analyzing the standard curves and test results of unknown samples, the new mobile phase can meet the analyzing needs, also it can eliminate the influence of acetone in the analysis process. What’s more, the paper uses molecular simulation[1–3] (MS) to calculate the interactions between the mobile phase and the aldehydes and ketones, mean square displacement value (MSD) and radial distribution function value (RDF), and the separation phenomenon can be well explained. In this paper, MS technology is first proposed for the development of new mobile phase, which can predict new unknown mobile phase, improve the efficiency of method development, also it can benefit the accurate qualitative analysis and prediction of peak out behavior of unknown substances.

To improve the efficiency and benefits of the agricultural product supply chain while ensuring its smooth operation and sustainable development, we have established a performance evaluation index system for the agricultural product supply chain in the context of building an agricultural powerhouse. The evaluation model combines principal component analysis, data envelopment analysis, and ideal solution methods, forming a PCA-DEA-TOPSIS three-stage integrated model. In this paper, taking Sichuan Province as an example, we assess the agricultural product supply chain performance of 21 cities (prefectures) in the province and propose several improvement strategies.

The by‐product of plant‐based beverages, okara, can be dried in a nutritious flour, but it generates dense bakery products due to high water absorption. Gluten‐free bread often tastes dry, so the objective of this work was evaluating okara flour as thickener for mouthfeel enhancement. Proximate analysis revealed that chickpea okara contained more starch than soy (35.3 vs. 3.41 g/100 g), less insoluble fibre (43.3 vs. 57.0 g/100 g) and protein (9.51 vs. 18.1 g/100 g). Water absorption capacity was higher in okara than flour and for soy (8.29 vs. 6.01 g g−1, respectively). When added to a gluten‐free batter, both okara flours significantly increased viscosity. Upon addition of either okara to gluten‐free bread (2% w/w) moisture content increased from 31.6 to 33.5 and 36.5 g/100 g, while crumb hardness increased by up to 45% and specific loaf volume decreased by up to 42%. Soy okara flour enhanced moistness of gluten‐free bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the ways to get rich in villages, we had been to the villages around Beijing. On the basis of the field investigation of four villages around Beijing: Huoshaoying Village, Baojiapu Village, Xiaoyuzi Village and Niuzhan Village, the way to get rich in rural areas is discussed in depth based on their rich history, achievements and experience, after investigating four villages that develop homestay tourism, art, agricultural products and food processing industries respectively, we have explored the ways to get rich in villages more comprehensively from different angles. The result of the investigation shows that different villages have different situations, and different villages have different optimal development paths, which requires someone to explore and discover.Rural revitalization must be adapted to local conditions and cannot blindly follow the trend.

In this paper, the urgency and necessity of the research on the construction and evaluation technology of China’s port accident emergency response system are fully expounded and demonstrated from the level of the policies and documents of the administrative departments, the research level of experts and scholars, and the actual situation of the port industry emergency response work. Based on sorting out the problems existing in the construction and evaluation of China’s port accident emergency response system, the research ideas and main contents of the research on the construction and evaluation technology of port accident emergency response system are put forward.

This article is based on drawing lessons from the basic theory of safety economics, such as the basic concepts, principles, theories, research methods, etc.; and is combined with the actual on the safety production of port enterprises. It has expounded the basic theory on the economics of port safety, such as basic connotation, subject investigated and research method; and has pointed out the basic features. The significance and value of research on the economics of port safety have been analysed in article. The basic framework on the economics of port safety has sketched in this article.

Abstract Background Although gene exchange is not likely to occur freely, reassortment between the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and currently circulating human viruses is a serious concern. The PA polymerase subunit of H5N1 HPAIV was recently reported to activate the influenza replicon activity. Methods The replicon activities of PR8 and WSN strains (H1N1) of influenza containing PA from HPAIV A/Cambodia/P0322095/2005 (H5N1) and the activity of the chimeric RNA polymerase were analyzed. A reassortant WSN virus containing the H5N1 Cambodia PA (C-PA) was then reconstituted and its growth in cells and pathogenicity in mice examined. The interferon promoter, TUNEL, and caspase 3, 8, and 9 activities of C-PA-infected cells were compared with those of WSN-infected cells. Results The activity of the chimeric RNA polymerase was slightly higher than that of WSN, and C-PA replicated better than WSN in cells. However, the multi-step growth of C-PA and its pathogenicity in mice were lower than those of WSN. The interferon promoter, TUNEL, and caspase 3, 8, and 9 activities were strongly induced in early infection in C-PA-infected cells but not in WSN-infected cells. Conclusions Apoptosis and interferon were strongly induced early in C-PA infection, which protected the uninfected cells from expansion of viral infection. In this case, these classical host-virus interactions contributed to the attenuation of this strongly replicating virus.

Vegetation restoration affects the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) by changing the composition of soil carbon pools, including active carbon (C a), the labile pool of SOC; slow carbon (C s), the physically stabilized pool of SOC; and resistant carbon (C r), the chemically stabilized pool of SOC. The aims of this study were to determine how SOC pools changed during restoration of a subtropical forest and to what extent vegetation characteristics and soil properties affected the changes in SOC pools. Soil samples were collected to 40 cm in four plant communities along a restoration chronosequence: scrub-grassland (4–5 years), shrubs (10–12 years), coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest (45–46 years), and evergreen broadleaved forest (90–91 years). Laboratory incubations were used to measure CO 2 production during SOC mineralization, and acid hydrolysis was used to measure C r. The CO 2 production and C r data were fitted to a three-component first-order kinetic model to determine the C a and C s. Pearson's correlations, stepwise multiple line regressions, and variation partitioning analysis were used to determine the key factors that affected SOC pools. The results showed that vegetation restoration increased the contents of SOC from 1.67 to 47.6 g kg−1, C a from 0.03 to 0.35 g kg−1, C s from 1.32 to 24.5 g kg−1, and C r from 0.33 to 22.8 g kg−1. During vegetation restoration, the increase in SOC was primarily due to carbon (C) stored in stable pools (i.e., C s or C r), and the portion of C r in total SOC increased markedly from 18.5 to 56.3%. Fine root biomass was the primary driver that controlled SOC pools during vegetation restoration. The C/N ratio of litter had a greater effect on C a and C s than that of other factors, whereas the soil clay content contributed secondarily to C r. The results suggest that vegetation restoration increases not only the amounts of SOC, C a , C s , and C r but also the stability of the SOC pool in subtropical soil. The relatively rapid increases in C s and C r following vegetation restoration played a crucial role in C sequestration. Therefore, strong measures to preserve natural forests and facilitate vegetation restoration should be the primary approach to increase long-term soil C sequestration in this region. • Soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased as vegetation restoration proceeded. • The increased SOC was mainly stored in the more stable carbon (C) pools. • Rapid increases in resistant C to SOC ratio played a crucial role in C stabilization. • Fine root biomass was the primary driver of the increased SOC pools with restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of primary and secondary injuries of spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the demise of numerous neurons, and there is still no efficacious pharmacological intervention for it. Recently, studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a pivotal role in recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury. As a process to cope with intracellular accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins which triggers ERS, the unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis. And, a recently disclosed small molecule AA147, which selectively activates activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), has shown promising pharmacological effects in several disease models. Thus, it seems feasible to protect the neurons after spinal cord injury by modulating UPR. In this study, primary neurons were isolated from E17-19 C57BL/6J mouse embryos and we observed that AA147 effectively promoted the survival of neurons and alleviated neuronal apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. This was evident through a decrease in the proportion of PI-positive and TUNEL-positive cells, an increase in BCL-2 expression, and a decrease in the expression of BAX and C-caspase3. In in-vivo experiments, these findings were corroborated by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. It was also found that AA147 enhanced three arms of the unfolded protein response with reduced CHOP expression. Besides, AA147 mitigated the accumulation of ROS in neurons probably by upregulating catalase expression. Furthermore, spinal cord injury models of C57BL/6J mice were established and behavioral experiments revealed that AA147 facilitated the recovery of motor function following SCI. Thus, pharmacologic activation of ATF6 represents a promise therapeutic approach to ameliorate the prognosis of SCI., (© 2024 International Society for Neurochemistry.)