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Author(s): Yi-Wen Zhang [sup.1], Zhan-Ying Guan [sup.2], Ling-Ling Wang [sup.1], Chang-Ming Wang [sup.1], Jing Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/02s8x1148, grid.470181.b, Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of China Medical University [...], Purpose Music intervention is commonly used as a non-pharmacologic therapeutic modality to alleviate anxiety in perioperative patients. This study aimed to assess the sedative and anxiolytic effects of music on elderly patients receiving transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) under spinal anesthesia. Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled trial on patients who aged over 60 and received TURP under spinal anesthesia. Participants were randomized to the music group or the control group (no music). The primary outcome was perioperative BIS values, and the secondary outcomes were patient's perioperative anxiety levels, heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and patient satisfaction score. Results A total of 82 patients were analyzed. The perioperative BIS values in the music group were significantly lower than those of the control group at almost all time points (P < 0.001), as well as showed a significant reduction compared with baseline (P < 0.001), whereas the control group did not. In comparison with the control group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased in the music group at the beginning (mean difference, - 8.0 mmHg; 95% CI - 15.70 to 0.35; P = 0.041) and the 60th minute (mean difference, - 7.9 mmHg; 95% CI - 15.30 to 0.51; P = 0.037) of TURP. Furthermore, compared with baseline within the music group, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HR significant reduced at whole time points (P < 0.05), yet the control group not. Conclusion Music intervention effectively provided slight sedation for elderly patients when undergoing TURP under spinal anesthesia without sedatives.

Author(s): Ling-Ling Wang [sup.1], Zhan-Ying Guan [sup.2], Chang-Ming Wang [sup.1], Yi-Wen Zhang [sup.1], Jing Zhang [sup.1], Ping Zhao [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412449.e, 0000 0000 9678 1884, Department of Anesthesiology, [...], Purpose Propofol can be used alone or in combination with opioids during gastroscopy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous propofol and different doses of alfentanil in patients undergoing gastroscopy. Methods A total of 300 patients undergoing sedative gastroscopy were randomly divided into four groups, and 0.9% saline (group A), 2 [mu]g/kg alfentanil (group B), 3 [mu]g/kg alfentanil (group C) or 4 [mu]g/kg alfentanil (group D) were injected intravenously 1 min before the intravenous injection of 1.5 mg/kg propofol. If body movement and coughing occurred during the procedure, 0.5 mg/kg propofol would be administered intravenously. The primary outcome (awakening time) and secondary outcomes were recorded and analyzed, including hemodynamic changes, the incidences of body movement, coughing, hypoxemia, hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness and dizziness. Results Patients in group C (7.0 [5.0 to 8.0] min) and group D (6.0 [5.0 to 7.0] min) woke up significantly earlier than those in group A (8.0 [6.0 to 10.0] min) (P < 0.001). Patients in group A experienced more body movement (P = 0.001) and coughing (P < 0.001) than the other groups. With the increasing dose of alfentanil, the morbidity of hypotension and bradycardia increased significantly (P = 0.001), while the incidence of dizziness decreased significantly (P = 0.037). The incidences of hypoxemia, tachycardia, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting were similar among the four groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Intravenous 1.5 mg/kg propofol combined with 3 [mu]g/kg alfentanil is more suitable for patients undergoing gastroscopy, and the dose of alfentanil can be reduced according to the patient's actual physical condition.

Pulmonary embolism (PE), a form of venous thromboembolism, is a frequently observed complication in malignancies, with a notably high incidence in individuals with lung cancer. The presence of PE markedly reduces the quality of life and has a significant impact on the prognosis of those diagnosed with both lung cancer and PE. As a result, timely diagnosis and intervention are of paramount importance. The presence of PE markedly reduces the quality of life and has a significant impact on the prognosis of those diagnosed with both lung cancer and PE. As a result, timely diagnosis and intervention are of paramount importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehension of paired wh-questions is examined in child Mandarin, to compare the age of acquisition with that of children speaking European languages like English and German. In Study 1, participants were 734 Mandarin speakers aged 2;6-7;11, drawn from four regions of China. Results reveal a striking parallel between the acquisition of exhaustive answers in Mandarin and that in languages with wh-movement. The significant correlation with children's exhaustive interpretations of the universal quantifier every (dou) also parallels findings in English. In Study 2, the performance of children (N = 100) identified as having language impairment is compared to that of non-impaired children (N = 130), and the results support the idea that answering these paired wh-questions is a potential semantic deficit in language-delayed children.

Based on Love's thin shell theory, an effort is made to investigate the nonlinear primary resonance response of axially moving functionally graded materials (FGM) cylindrical shells subjected to external excitations in thermal environment. Two kinds of temperature fields, namely, uniform temperature rise and heat conduction, are considered. The effective material properties of the FGM cylindrical shells are temperature-dependent. The equations of motion are derived using Euler-Lagrange principle and solved by multiple scale method, in which the cylindrical shell with four clamped edges is considered. Finally, the effects of different influencing factors on the nonlinear resonance response are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With no existing gold standard for comparison, challenges arise for establishing the validity of a new standardized Mandarin language assessment normed in mainland China. Method: A new assessment, Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin (DREAM), was normed with a stratified sample of 969 children ages 2;6 (years;months) to 7;11 in multiple urban and nonurban regions in northern and southern China. In this study of 230 children, the sensitivity and specificity of DREAM were examined against an a priori judgment of disorders. External validity was assessed using 2 indices of language production for different age groups. Results: External validity was assessed against spontaneous language indices (correlation range: r = 0.6-0.7; all ps < 0.01) and narrative indices (overall: r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Sensitivity (0.73) and specificity (0.82) of DREAM are moderate to good using a priori judgment as the standard. The values improved to 0.95 and 0.82 when spontaneous language and narratives were added to a priori judgment to define typicality. Divergent validity was moderate with nonlinguistic indices. Conclusion: DREAM holds promise as a diagnostic test of Mandarin language impairment for children aged 2;6 to 7;11.