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Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most competitive stored grain pests, which causes a great loss to agricultural economy. However, due to an inadequacy of high-quality reference genome, the molecular mechanisms for olfactory and hypoxic adaptations to stored environments are unknown and require to be revealed urgently, which will contribute to the detection and prevention of the invasive pests C. maculatus. Here, we presented a high-quality chromosome-level genome of C. maculatus based on Illumina, Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing data. The total size was 1.2 Gb, and 65.17% (797.47 Mb) of it was identified to be repeat sequences. Among assembled chromosomes, chromosome 10 was considered the X chromosome according to the evidence of reads coverage and homologous genes among species. The current version of high-quality genome provides preferable data resources for the adaptive evolution research of C. maculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Several benzo-[b]-pyran derivatives were prepared via microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions in the presence of In[Cl.sub.3] x 4[H.sub.2]O. The advantages of this method include simple operational process, environmental benignancy, [...]

Background: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a severe mechanical complication secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a dreadful prognosis. The goal of our study was to evaluate the mortality and to identify the predictors of mortality for this population.Methods: From June 2012 to July 2021, patients with VSR secondary to AMI were initially screened for eligibility in this study. The potential risk predictors were determined using appropriate logistic regression models.Results: In this retrospective study, a total of 50 cases were included, and 14 patients survived and got discharged successfully. Univariable analyses indicated that the heart rate (HR), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils count, serum glucose, serum creatinine, serum lactic acid, and the closure of rupture were significantly associated with mortality among these special populations.Conclusion: This study found that such high mortality in patients with VSR after AMI was significantly correlated with these risk factors representing sympathetic excitation and large infarct size. Coronary revascularization combined with the closure of rupture might be helpful in improving their prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swarming behavior facilitates pair formation, and therefore mating, in many eusocial termites. However, the physiological adjustments and morphological transformations of the flight muscles involved in flying and flightless insect forms are still unclear. Here, we found that the dispersal flight of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder led to a gradual decrease in adenosine triphosphate supply from oxidative phosphorylation, as well as a reduction in the activities of critical mitochondrial respiratory enzymes from preflight to dealation. Correspondingly, using three‐dimensional reconstruction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the flight muscles were found to be gradually deteriorated during this process. In particular, two tergo‐pleural muscles (IItpm5 and III‐tpm5) necessary to adjust the rotation of wings for wing shedding behavior were present only in flying alates. These findings suggest that flight muscle systems vary in function and morphology to facilitate the swarming flight procedure, which sheds light on the important role of swarming in successful extension and fecundity of eusocial termites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) capable of recognizing five tetracyclines using minocycline as the template was synthesized for the first time. The MIP was employed as the recognition reagent to prepare a chemiluminescence sensor on a conventional microtiter plate. The light signal was initiated using the highly efficient bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate-hydrogen peroxide-imidazole chemiluminescence system. After optimization of several appropriate factors, the sensor was employed to determine five tetracyclines in milk. The developed assay contained only one sample-loading step, so each measurement was completed within 12 min. The limits of detection for these analytes were in the range from 0.5 to 2.0 pg/mL, while the recoveries from the fortified milk samples were between 78.1 and 105%. In addition, the sensor was shown to be reusable for up to four measurements. Hence, this sensor has been demonstrated to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and durable tool for the determination of tetracyclines in animal-derived food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer capable of simultaneously recognising seven nitrofurans is synthesised. The polymer particles coated the wells of a conventional 96-well microplate as the recognition element. After sample loading, the analytes were absorbed and a highly sensitive imidazole-enhanced bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate–H2O2 system was added to excite light emission. After optimisation of several parameters, the chemiluminescence method was used to determine the seven nitrofurans in animal feeds. Results showed that the method achieved ultrahigh sensitivity for the seven drugs with limits of detection of 5–12 pg mL−1, and one assay was finished within 10 min. In addition, the polymer-coated plate could be reused five times. The recoveries from the standard fortified blank feed samples were in the range of 74.8–97.4 %. From a comparison with a high performance liquid chromatography method, the molecularly imprinted polymer based chemiluminescence method could be used as a simple, rapid, sensitive, and recyclable tool to monitor the abuse of nitrofurans in animal feeds. The simplest way to monitor the abuse of nitrofurans is to analyse animal feeds. A class-specific molecularly imprinted polymer for nitrofurans is synthesised and used as a recognition reagent to prepare a chemiluminescence method for the determination of seven nitrofurans in animal feeds. The assay consists of only one sample loading step and can be reused five times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among non‐precious metal catalysts for the hydrazine oxidation reaction, Cu‐based catalysts have exhibited relatively high performance ascribed to their lower onset potential and better stability. However, the catalytic properties, including activity and durability, still need further improvement in contrast to noble metal catalysts such as Pt and Pd. In this study, Pd was used as the promotor between Cu and Pd towards the hydrazine oxidation reaction. The CuPd alloy oxide ((Cu0.9Pd0.1)O) nanobelts were fabricated by using a dealloying method. The electrochemical measurements show that (Cu0.9Pd0.1)O nanobelts exhibit 1.5 times higher current density, and better stability than CuO towards the hydrazine electro‐oxidation reaction. These improvements are further evidenced in the direct hydrazine‐hydrogen peroxide fuel cell by using these two catalysts as the anodes in comparison. A single fuel cell using (Cu0.9Pd0.1)O as the anode exhibits a peak power density of 330 mW cm−2, about 100 mW cm−2 higher than that of pure CuO. N2 sorption experiments and product analysis demonstrate that alloying with Pd not only could enlarge the surface area of (Cu0.9Pd0.1)O but also could suppress the self‐decomposition of hydrazine. These improvements will consequently increase the catalytic activity and fuel efficiency of (Cu0.9Pd0.1)O. CuPd alloy oxide nanobelts ((Cu0.9Pd0.1)O) with an average width of about 10 nm are fabricated by using a dealloying method. Ascribed to the synergetic effect between Pd and Cu, the (Cu0.9Pd0.1)O nanobelts exhibit a 1.5 times higher catalytic activity and poorer self‐decomposition towards the hydrazine oxidation reaction in contrast to CuO nanobelts. Furthermore, the maximum power density of N2H4−H2O2 single cell with (Cu0.9Pd0.1)O as the anode catalyst is 330 mW cm−2, about 100 mW cm−2 higher than that of CuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study consisted of a site- and age-specific investigation linking children's blood lead level (BLL) to environmental exposures in a historic mining site in south China. A total of 151 children, aged 3–7 years, were included in this study. The geometric mean (GM) BLL was 8.22 μg/dl, indicating an elevated BLL. The Integrated Exposure Uptake Bio-Kinetic (IEUBK) model has proven useful at many sites for study of routes of exposure. Application of the IEUBK model to these children indicated that the GM difference between observed and predicted BLL levels was only 1.07 μg/dl. It was found that the key environmental exposure pathway was soil/dust intake, which contributed 86.3% to the total risk. Younger children had higher BLL than did older children. Therefore, of the various low risk-high benefit solutions, interventions for the children living near the site should be focused on the dust removal and soil remediation. Implementation of the China Eco-village Construction Plan and China New Rural Reconstruction Movement of the government may be a better solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave-promoted α-alkylation of ketones with cycloalkanes as alkylating agents under metal-free conditions is presented. The reaction mechanism involves the DTBP-initiated (DTBP=di- tert-butyl peroxide) microwave-assisted formation of the required cycloalkyl and α-ketone carbon radicals followed by a selective cross-coupling step. This is the first example in which simple ketones and 1,3-diketones have been efficiently alkylated with cycloalkanes under metal-free conditions through the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of C(sp3)−H bonds. Compared with previous methods, this alkylation protocol has advantages such as the use inexpensive and abundant substrates under metal-free conditions and its good atom-economy and sustainability. Moreover, the substituted ketones can be used as intermediates in the preparation of the synthetically and biologically valuable trisubstituted alkenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and stereoselective synthesis of ( E)-4-oxo-but-2-enals through tert-butyl nitrite ( tBuONO)- and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-promoted cascade reactions of homoallylic alcohols is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of the title compounds involves a cascade process including nitration of the carbon-carbon double bond, oxidation of the secondary alcohol unit, and Nef transformation of the in situ formed allylic nitro scaffold. In this process, tBuONO is an efficient nitration and oxidation reagent while TEMPO is believed to act as a mild oxidant and a novel reagent to promote the Nef reaction that is accomplished under mild and neutral conditions. As a further aspect, the ( E)-4-oxo-but-2-enals thus obtained were found to be suitable substrates to condense with hydrazine hydrate to give diversely substituted pyridazines with good efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of esters has stimulated significant efforts to develop efficient methods for their synthesis. In this study, an oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alkyl halides by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant, Bu4NI as catalyst, and water as solvent is presented. Notably, this novel esterification protocol is suitable for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, primary and secondary alkyl halides to give ester products with broad structural diversity. Through an intramolecular version of this novel esterification process, an alternative synthetic approach toward the biologically interesting isobenzofuran-1(3 H)-one was also realized. Compared with literature procedures, the synthetic strategies developed herein showed advantages such as direct use of commercially available and economical starting materials, wide substrate scope, good tolerance of functional groups, sustainable oxidant, and no need of an inert atmosphere or dry solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Cu(II) complex with asymmetric Salamo-type ligand (H2L, 4-bromo-6′-ethoxy-2,2′-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol) has been synthesized and characterized structurally. The X-ray crystal structure of the Cu(II) complex shows it to be a binuclear complex, in which each Cu(II) atom is in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space groupP21/c, with unit cell parametersa= 14.7109(1),b= 8.6254(7),c= 30.124(3) Å, β = 100.7400(1), andZ= 4. The Cu(II) complex consists of two Cu(II) atoms, and two L2–units, and each Cu(II) complex molecule links four other molecules into an infinite 2D-layer supramolecular structure. Meanwhile, the Cu(II) complex exhibits emission with the maximum emission wavelength λmax= 443 nm when excited at λex= 340 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Tetracyclic skeletons combining an imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine moiety with a quinoline framework such as pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5- b]quinoline are stimulating increasing interests since they are close isosteres of a series of powerful antiproliferative compounds. In this paper, we report a novel methodology for the synthesis of pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5- c]quinolines through one-pot sequential reactions of commercially available or readily obtainable 2-aminopyridines, 2-bromophenacyl bromides, aqueous ammonia, and aldehydes. Moreover, dihydropyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5- c]quinolines could also be obtained in a similar manner by using various ketones as the substrates in place of aldehydes. Notably, the whole procedure combines condensation/amination/cyclization reactions in one pot to give complex compounds in a simple and practical manner. Compared with literature methods, the synthetic strategy reported herein has the advantages of readily available starting materials, structural diversity of products, good functional group tolerance, and obviation of step-by-step operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

yrimido[4,5-b]quinolinones have attracted considerable interest from both chemical and medicinal scientists as these compounds display remarkable antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiallergy, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The importance of pyrimido[4,5- b]quinolinones has stimulated enormous efforts to develop efficient methodologies for their synthesis. Herein, we disclose a novel synthetic protocol toward pyrimido[4,5- b]quinolin-4-ones through Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed one-pot four-component reactions of 2-bromobenzaldehydes, aqueous ammonia, cyanoacetamides and aldehydes. The synthetic procedure combines amination/condensation/ cyclization/dehydrogenation reactions in one pot, allowing synthesis of complex compounds in a simple and practical manner. Compared with literature procedures, the synthetic strategies developed herein showed advantages such as readily available and economically sustainable starting materials, structural diversity of products, good functional group tolerance, and a remarkably simple operation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY With the development of a national market economy, the Chinese aviation industry is now confronted with international competition. Therefore, it is necessary to research the competitive status of Chinese national aviation, as well as advice on how to enhance the competitiveness of the Chinese aviation industry. The main objective of this paper is to propose FAHP as an effective solution for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines' competitiveness. In this paper, we review the research of industrial international aviation competitiveness at both home and abroad, discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness, establish an index system with five first-order indicators and 17 second-order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and evaluate the competitiveness of five major Chinese airlines. The results showed that this model and these indicators are scientific and practical, with a wide range of application prospects for the purpose of improving and increasing Chinese airline competitiveness in the international market. The effective approach presented in this paper is especially applicable when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable, or when suitable decision makers are not available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buy one get one free: Concurrent introduction of both iodo ‐ and carbonyl groups, along with the construction of the benzenoid core, has been achieved through an iodine ‐ initiated domino reaction of hepta ‐ 1,2 ‐ dien ‐ 6 ‐ yn ‐ 4 ‐ ols. Moreover, cyclization of hepta ‐ 1,2,6 ‐ trien ‐ 4 ‐ ols turns out to also be an efficient pathway toward diversely substituted benzenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1), a novel gene that was cloned in 2002, has emerged in recent years as a potentially crucial mediator of tumor malignancy and aberrant elevation of AEG-1 expression frequently occurs in several human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer. However, whether AEG-1 deregulation also occurs in neuroblastoma remains unclear. In previous study we reported that AEG-1 was over expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and knockdown of AEG-1 inhibits proliferation and enhancing chemo-sensitivity to cisplatin or doxorubicin in neuroblastoma cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of AEG-1 and evaluate its prognostic significance by correlating AEG-1 expression levels with clinic pathologic features and survival in 32 archived neuroblastoma patients We found that positive AEG-1 immunoreactivities were present in all neuroblastoma cases, 75% showed high expression of AEG-1. And high expression of AEG-1 was commonly seen in vascular endothelial cells and glandula in neuroblastoma samples. AEG-1 expression was strongly correlated with age at diagnosis (P=0.012), clinical stage (P=0.030) and tumor histology stage (P=0.041). However, our analyses did not show significant associations between AEG-1 expression and other clinical features including gender and primary tumor site. Importantly, our data presented in this report provide, for the first time, evidence that elevated expression of AEG-1 protein is correlated with poor prognosis and reduced survival of patients with neuroblastoma (P= 0.031). Overall, the data support the notion that AEG-1 might be used as a biomarker for neuroblastoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new synthetic procedure for the preparation of title compounds (III) and (V) in a simple four component cascade process is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advantages of the title approach to 4H-chromenes include readily available starting materials, simple operational procedures, and no need for any catalytic ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]