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Purpose: The main purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of CSR and USR, evaluate CSR practices in Polish public universities of economics, and provide actionable recommendations for improving CSR practices at universities. Design/methodology/approach: A comparative analysis of the 5 main economic universities in Poland was carried out on the basis of publicly available online sources. Findings: Overall, the findings indicate that Polish public economic universities are actively engaged in implementing CSR strategies. Their activities are diverse and tailored to their specific contexts, evidencing a strong commitment to promoting sustainable development, ethical conduct, and societal well-being. The research highlights successful strategies and provides recommendations that can serve as a valuable resource for enhancing CSR practices in higher education. Research limitations/implications: While this research provides a comprehensive overview of CSR practices at major public economic universities in Poland, future studies should address these limitations and expand the scope of analysis to include diverse perspectives, rigorous quantitative measures, and broader institutional contexts. Practical implications: The research provides valuable insights and practical recommendations that can significantly enhance the implementation of CSR practices in higher education institutions. By adopting these recommendations, universities can improve their societal and environmental impacts, enhance stakeholder engagement, foster innovation, and achieve a competitive edge in the education sector. The commercial and economic implications highlight substantial benefits not only for the universities but also for the broader communities they serve. Social implications: The research has significant social implications that extend beyond the academic community. It can influence public attitudes towards CSR, drive corporate and environmental responsibility, inform public and industry policies, and enhance the quality of life. By showcasing the positive impact of CSR initiatives in universities, the research can inspire wider adoption of ethical and sustainable practices across various sectors, contributing to a more equitable and sustainable society. Originality/value: The paper makes significant contributions by offering a detailed comparative analysis of CSR practices in Polish economic universities, integrating CSR and USR concepts, providing actionable recommendations, and addressing a broad audience. Its novel insights and practical guidance have the potential to influence the development and implementation of CSR strategies, fostering a culture of sustainability and social responsibility in the higher education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article's purpose was to explore the usage of and activities to enhance human potential and the socioeconomic impact of the VFD units of the Western Pomerania Voivodship, based on research done among the VFD units of the Western Pomerania Voivodship. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs literature analysis, tabular comparisons, and conducted questionnaires of bathers. The approach for the research was based on a desktop evaluation of accessible information, statistics, and other data national sources. The qualitative data acquired from self-research was used in the statistical analysis. The research group had 338 firemen from 17 VFD units and the research was scheduled from February and the end of March 2022. Findings: The study found that membership in the NRFS system had a considerable impact on local governments and firemen. The operation of TSOs in the NRFS system is a factor that promotes the improvement of firefighters' funding on the part of local governments, and on the part of TSO units themselves, it is a factor that raises their competence and confidence in the skills of their own team. Both have a considerable impact on the effectiveness of rescue and firefighting operations, as well as firefighters' attitudes. Research limitations/implications: The research haslimitations, such as its specific timeframe and omitted variables. Practical implications: The study's findings revealed a progressive professionalization of TSO units in NRFS, as well as an increase in social functions, particularly rescue functions - participation in rescue and firefighting activities, which is reflected in increased receipt of financial support from the municipal to provincial levels. Therefore, reduced activity and selfmotivation of TSO firefighters from outside the NRFS system may cause less professionalism during rescue and firefighting operations. Social implications: Volunteer fire stations perform essential social duties in their region of operation in addition to rescue and firefighting actions. The "extinction" of TSO units' activities outside the KSRG system may result in lower social activity in the locations where the aforementioned units operate, among other reasons. Originality/value: Study documents a certain stage of development of TSO units, with the long-term goal of professionalizing these structures of units joining the NRFS system. In addition to the components (conclusions) described in the article, this is demonstrated by the decreased participation of firefighters outside the NRFS in various activities aimed at raising funds for TSOs' broadly specified statutory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article presents a comprehensive study of the attitudes of bathers within identifying potential challenges and opportunities as well as recommendations for the future of drowning prevention education. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs literature analysis, tabular comparisons, and questionnaires of bathers. The approach for the research was based on a desktop evaluation of accessible information, statistics, and other data from international and sources. The qualitative data acquired from self-research was used in the statistical analysis. The research group had 314 respondents, and the research was scheduled for the summer vacation season of 2021. Findings: Parallels exist in governance and policy alignment, while disparities are evident in economic development and sectoral priorities. These findings offer a nuanced understanding of shared traits and distinct differences shaping the business landscapes and economic paths of these Central European nations. Research limitations/implications: The research has limitations, such as its specific timeframe and omitted variables. Practical implications: Practical implications extend to i.a. the need of implementing effective prevention programs (level 1 prevention) of safe behavior on the water and include this from the municipal level through the regional and national levels and introducing of a multi-year, unified national program of education and behavior in water areas, will increase the swimming skills of all age groups and reduce drowning. Social implications: The study suggests indicating systemic measures aimed directly at people enjoying water activities, with educational activities playing the most important role in eliminating the so-called "low swimming culture," which manifests itself in a lack of basic knowledge of the specifics of the water area used for swimming and the swimming skills possessed. Originality/value: The uniqueness of this research lies in the development of a technique to survey bathers' sentiments via an innovative, self-developed questionnaire mobile application, which allowed the interviewer to conduct the survey on a mobile device and independently by the tourist after receiving a link or scanning a "QR code". The research findings are applicable to both academic discourse and practical implementations, providing unique insights to foster collaboration and development within policymakers' institutions and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cracow Review of Economics & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie is the property of Cracow University of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein, we present the synthesis of three new neutral aryl-BIAN ZnCl2 complexes (where aryl-BIAN = bis(aryl-imino)acenaphthene) with formulations [Zn(4-iPrC6H4-BIAN)Cl2] (1), [Zn(2-iPrC6H4-BIAN)Cl2] (2) and [Zn(4-NO2C6H4-BIAN)Cl2] (3) obtained through a green synthesis methodology. Compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-LS mass spectrometry, FT-IR ATR mode, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques. Compound 3 was characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-LS mass spectrometry and FT-IR, ATR mode. The solid-state molecular structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The new complexes 1, 2 and 3, and the known complexes of formulations [Zn(2,6-iPr2C6H3-BIAN)Cl2] (4) and [Zn(2,4,6-Me3C6H2-BIAN)Cl2] (5) were tested as catalysts in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides using the tetrabutylammonium bromide salt as a co-catalyst. Primary studies revealed that complex 4 presented the highest catalytic activity among all synthetized complexes. Good reaction TOFs were obtained for the conversion of propylene oxide (112 h−1) after 3 hours and for the conversion of styrene oxide (23 h−1) after 8 hours, at 4 MPa and 333 K. For more sterically hindered cyclohexene oxide, no cyclic carbonate formation was observed, under the same operational conditions. Furthermore, the effect of reaction time (1–40 h), pressure (0.5–40 MPa) and nucleophile to metal ratio (0.5–100) on final cyclic carbonate formation was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different Chiral Ionic Liquids (CIL) based on L-proline have been developed. Simple and efficient synthetic methodologies are used, allowing preparation in good yields for twelve novel CILs using L-proline as a cation or anion combined with suitable counter-ions. A detailed physical and chemical characterization of the CILs was performed to evaluate the influence of counter-ions on the final properties. The most promissory CILs were tested as efficient chiral catalysts in IL media for asymmetric Michael addition reactions of ketones and aldehydes to nitro-olefins. Similar or even better conversions and enantioselectivities (ee up to 95%) compared to the original L-proline were achieved. Additionally, a good product extraction performance using supercritical CO2 processes was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of project management methodologies has never be undertaken by academics in the context of their contribution to sustainability. There is the lack of understanding which Agile Project Management (APM) results and Agile value creation methods are in line with the assumptions of sustainability. The article fills this gap and presents the linkage between Agile project management and sustainability. The article presents both theoretical considerations as well as the results of empirical research that explains the relationship between APM and sustainability. As a result of multiple surveys, Guttman scales were developed, which showed the degree of Agile aspects' influence on sustainability, taking into account both the results of Agile implementation and the methods of value creation. Research revealed that improving the timeliness of deliveries, increase in productivity and improving the atmosphere in the organization as APM result is significant for sustainability. Value creation methods that most correspond with sustainability are design thinking and Agile rituals. The above provide certain practical and theoretical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise anticancer therapies employing cytotoxic conjugates constitute a side-effect-limited, highly attractive alternative to commonly used cancer treatment modalities, such as conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical interventions. Receptor tyrosine kinases are a large family of N-glycoproteins intensively studied as molecular targets for cytotoxic conjugates in various cancers. At the cell surface, these receptors are embedded in a dense carbohydrate layer formed by numerous plasma membrane glycoproteins. The complexity of the cell surface architecture is further increased by galectins, secreted lectins capable of recognizing and clustering glycoconjugates, affecting their motility and activity. Cell surface N-glycosylation is intensively remodeled by cancer cells; however, the contribution of this phenomenon to the efficiency of treatment with cytotoxic conjugates is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the significance of N-glycosylation for the internalization and toxicity of conjugates targeting two model receptor tyrosine kinases strongly implicated in cancer: HER2 and FGFR1. We employed three conjugates of distinct molecular architecture and specificity: AffibodyHER2-vcMMAE (targeting HER2), vcMMAE-KCK-FGF1.E and T-Fc-vcMMAE (recognizing different epitopes within FGFR1). We demonstrated that inhibition of N-glycosylation reduced the cellular uptake of all conjugates tested and provided evidence for a role of the galectin network in conjugate internalization. In vitro binding studies revealed that the reduced uptake of conjugates is not due to impaired HER2 and FGFR1 binding. Importantly, we demonstrated that alteration of N-glycosylation can affect the cytotoxic potential of conjugates. Our data implicate a key role for cell surface N-glycosylation in the delivery of cytotoxic conjugates into cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The dynamic economic changes in recent years have made the principles of sustainable development gain more and more importance and there is a great need to maintain a balance in the social, environmental, and economic dimensions. This has also been observed in project management, whereby the concept of sustainable project management plays an important role in both practice and science. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in scientific publications on the concept of sustainable project management. The article presents the assumptions of sustainability in a project and the identification of research directions in this area. The study aims to present the results of the literature review and answer the two research questions: which research areas related to sustainable project management dominate the literature and what are the further research directions in the field of sustainable project management? Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted based on a literature review in the field of sustainable project management and sustainability in project management. Scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database, published before 2022, were used. A keyword analysis was carried out, on the basis of which subject areas related to sustainable project management were distinguished, and the most cited articles were reviewed to extract recommendations for the directions of future research. Findings: The literature review, taking into account sustainable project management, show that project lifecycle, project success, and risk management are dominated research topic in the articles. Further research directions suggested in the literature indicate, inter alia, to extend the scope of research on sustainable project management to different countries and sectors. Originality/value: The literature review is based on the most recent publications. Moreover, in addition to the traditional literature review, keywords were analyzed and other research directions were analyzed, which was rarely seen in publications that focused mainly on the synthesis of conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Project management is a universally recognized methodology for business and project activities. Organisations are increasingly using project activities to achieve strategic benefits. It is purposed to optimize the time, human and financial resources, without deviating from the planned quality of the final product of the project and while maintaining the principles of sustainability. The energy sector is no exception. The purpose of this paper is to determine trends in energy sector project management. Design/methodology/approach: To present the research concerning project management in energy sector innovations the literature review process was carried out. The analysis of keywords, abstract, and on this basis further deeper analysis of scientific texts allowed to identify trends in project management in the energy sector. There is a research gap in research summarizing trends in the description of the issue of project management in the energy sector. Findings: The literature analysis presented indicates that the interest of scientists is largely directed towards sustainable projects in the energy sector. This has to do with global trends not only in the energy sector but in every sector of the economy. Energy project management should continue to focus on becoming more sustainable, especially when more and more organizations are aware that their strategy should include ecological sustainability, such as eco-innovation and environmental innovation. Originality/value: It is one of the few scientific texts that touches on the problem of project management in the energy sector. In terms of implications, studies have shown that particular emphasis should be placed on the aspects of project teams creating sustainable innovations for the sector, as well as neutralizing the carbon footprint of the project teams themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Technological changes determined by the development of Industry 4.0 significantly change the business models of modern organizations. The Covid-19 pandemic is also influencing changing organizational systems and dynamic progress in technological transformation. The main purpose of the paper is to present the impact of digital transformation on changes in business models and to answer the question if Covid-19 will accelerate change. Design/methodology/approach: The paper contains the literature review on business model concept, Industry 4.0, Digital Transformation and Covid-19. In this paper the empirical study is also presented. The main research problem was to determine the impact of the digital transformation (technological progress) following the Covid-19 pandemic on changes in the business models of Polish enterprises and public sector institutions. Findings: A research confirmed that the digital transformation (processes connected with digitization, automation, robotization and artificial intelligence) resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the business models of both Polish enterprises and public sector institutions. The research also confirmed a discrepancy between the opinions of experts and management when it came to assessing the impact of technological progress associated with Covid-19 on the business models of the surveyed organizations. Originality/value: The presented work is an important contribution when it comes to the post pandemic economic reality. Paper assesses the impact of technological progress induced by Covid-19 on changes in the functioning of individual processes, which can be an important guide for management practitioners, helpful in implementing modern technological solutions in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Organization Review / Przegląd Organizacji is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to systematise the concept of innovation based on a literature review and present the importance of the human element, such as key managerial competences, in the process of managing innovation projects, according to IPMA Individual Competence Baseline v. 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives are achieved through a systematic literature review of the innovation and competence concept. Moreover, the paper provides an analysis of competence as stated in IPMA Individual Competence Baseline v. 4.0 in terms of its usefulness for providing organisations with innovative solutions. Findings: Due to the of complexity of the innovation process, this paper discusses and develops the appropriate skills and competences which are required to improve or develop new and untapped solutions. The solutions might result in implementing and bringing innovation to the market. Originality/value: The complexity of the economic environment requires not only team cooperation and flexibility, but also an innovative approach to each and every process in an organisation. The paper attempts to comprehends the human element of the innovation project, which might be helpful for managers who lead innovation projects and for innovative organisations as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large quantities of apple pomace remain as waste material after apple juice production. The idea of the study assumed that, due to the large share of seeds, apple pomace could serve as a source of edible oil. The aim of the study was to assess the oil content and fatty acids composition of oil extracted from seeds separated from dried apple pomace, and to compare its composition to the canola and grape seed oils. The oil yield from apple pomace seeds was approximately 159 g·kg-1. The oil contained a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly linoleic acid. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in apple seed oil than in canola oil, but less abundant than in grape seed oils. The level of monounsaturated acids was lower than in canola oil but higher than in grape seed oil. The obtained results suggest that apple pomace might serve as a material for new edible oil production of high nutritional value. Hereby, the large quantities of wastes remaining after industrial apple processing could be utilized in an innovative and profitable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of high-pressure carbon dioxide in mixtures of ionic liquid and water was determined experimentally for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ionic liquids (where alkyl is ethyl, butyl, or hexyl). Experiments were performed at 313.15 K and/or 318.15 K, at pressures up to 10 MPa, and for various compositions (dry ionic liquids, 0.1 or 10 wt % of water), depending on the ionic liquid under investigation. It was found that the solubility of carbon dioxide in tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate-based ionic liquids is not affected by the water content, whereas for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the carbon dioxide sorption capacity is reduced by up to 10%, when 10 wt % of water is present in the system, at the same temperature and pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the concept of good governance plays a central role in debates in the area of social sciences in general and in the field of public administration in particular. The concept has been used frequently but often with quite different meanings and implications, moreover, one should underline the significant role of social participation in this concept as it involves citizens assessing their own needs and participating in local projects. Therefore, for social participation, transparency of government information is needed, as well as the inclusion of members in the decision-making process. Excluding the weak and powerless from decisionmaking is a cause of poverty because it denies them rights and creates unequal power relationships. This paper discusses a variety of meanings and different approaches to the role of social participation in the concept of good governance but its main focus is on the capacity of government to make and implement social participation policies and, thereby, develop knowledge based economies based on active participation of citizens and their well-developed bridging social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the article was to characterize and compare personal and public trust of students from Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia as a core component of social capital. Chosen issues considering social capital and trust as its constituent are presented in the theoretical part. The part has also become a foundation to the analysis of the survey outcomes conducted among students of Department of Economics and Management of University of Szczecin (n = 239), Faculty of Politics and Management Mykolo Romeris University in Vilnius (n = 113) as well as Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica (n = 153). Presented results, as a part of in-depth research study regarding social capital, led to arriving at a few valid conclusions. First and foremost students are quite careful as far as relations are concerned; on the other hand they claim that their closest surroundings are trustworthy. Therefore it seems reasonable to assume that closest bonds are strongly settled in their communities and cautiousness in dealing with other people primarily refers to strangers. What is more, students show a relatively greater lack of trust in people of other nations. In addition, among students there is a very low degree of trust in the state, regardless of its level. Worth mentioning is the fact that there are considerable differences in the students' trust in different occupational groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the issues relating to social capital and human capital. The primary objective of the paper is the general characteristics of social networks, in which the actors are Lithuanian students. At the same time, an assumption was made about their relationship with the socialisation of human capital. A theoretical part of the paper contains a literature review relating to the discussed issues. It provided the basis for the analysis of the results of the surveys conducted among first-year students of the Faculty of Politics and Management at the Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius in October 2014. They determined the strength of social ties, network coverage, as well as network characteristics. The paper reaches a few key conclusions. They relate, in particular, to the occurrence of diverse social ties between the respondents and their closer and more distant environment and a lack of influence of this diversity on offering or receiving assistance. The survey results also showed the scale of diversity of social groups in which Lithuanian students socially meet, and social activity. The human capital of Lithuanian students was determined indirectly through their subjective assessments of personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure, and consequently properties, of ionic liquids can be easily tailored by changing cation/anion combinations and/or attaching functional groups. By grafting enantiopure moieties to the framework of ionic liquid it is possible to prepare bioinspired chiral molecules that can serve as a reaction medium, additive or even asymmetric catalyst. In this context, new chiral ionic liquids (CILs), based on biomolecules, such as aminoacids (l-Cysteine derivatives), have been synthesised and tested in asymmetric aldol condensation of aldehydes and ketones. The best results were obtained for CILs composed of S-methyl-l-cysteine cation and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide anion, in the reaction of 2- or 4-nitrobenzaldehyde with acetone or cyclohexanone, giving the aldol product in moderate yields 70–76% and high ee values (up to 96%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The solubility of carbon dioxide in ionic liquids was measured in a new apparatus. The ionic liquids chosen have ammonium-based cations and show melting temperature decreases under CO2 pressure that range from low (25K) to extremely high (120K). The main purpose of this study was to check whether the solubility of the gas in each liquid could explain the previously reported wide differences in melting point depression (MPD). The results show there is no correlation between solubility and MPD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]