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The purpose of the scientific research is the development, improvement and implementation of information technologies for a comprehensive assessment of the intensity and nature of anthropogenic pressure on urban (urbanized) water resources by contact and remote methods to improve the efficiency of the environmental management system and the environmental safety of the water fund of cities. The tasks for conducting research carried out using technologies for remote sensing of the Earth from space (ERS), specialized geographic information systems (GIS) and the results of ground-based research. The paper presents a comprehensive methodology for assessing the ecological status of the urban aquatic environment on the basis of remote sensing materials. The methodology included the following stages: at first bathymetric measurements were made in combination with remote sensing data to obtain a depth map. At the second stage of the research, we analyzed the interrelation of all received characteristics of a condition of a reservoir. For bathymetric studies, a modern hydroacoustic method is used, which consists of sonar sounding with synchronous GPS-binding of sonar profiles. Based on the results of the survey, cartographic models of the lake bottom are synthesized, bathymetric schemes and hypsometric models are created. These studies are necessary for solving problems of urban nature management, accounting, planning, forecasting, regulation, assessment of the state of urbanized aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To preserve and increase the biological and landscape diversity, it is necessary to have comprehensive information about the conditions and dynamics of changes in the study object, a specific local ecosystem. Nature reserves are created to restore habitats, to protect endangered species of flora and fauna, vulnerable or complex species. Particular attention should be paid to the study of wetlands, a stabilizer of the hydrological regime of ecosystems, and a shaping element of the regional climate. It is proposed to involve remote sensing and Earth observation methods to address studying issues of the conditions of the wetlands. Space images are used to monitor, inventory, and map natural resources, observe seasonal and perennial changes in the natural environment, and assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the natural environment. The calculation of spectral index was used to analyze the dynamics conditions of the plant communities and moisture supply on the Beloozersk section territory in Rivne Nature Reserve. It is proposed to use information-analytical technologies and data processing to study dynamic changes in the conditions of wetlands. ArcGis tools are used to collect, collect, process, formalize and present data on influencing factors and the shape of the ecological ecosystem. Such studies can be the basis for creating a system for monitoring the condition of vegetation and its moisture supply in the study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents methodological approaches to the improvement of the environmental monitoring system. To increase the objectivity and to improve the visual aspects of data presentation during ecological monitoring, the authors proposed to involve remote sensing methods of the Earth and geoinformation technologies. The presented set of methods is effectively used for general, operational and background monitoring. The authors have developed an algorithm for monitoring the state of ecosystem components by remote sensing methods. The method of detection and recognition of technogenic-hazardous objects on the example of a solid waste landfill for the assessment and analysis of risks of environmental components pollution is proposed. It is suggested to use information-analytical technologies of data processing for conducting research of the dynamics of changes in the condition of the studied territories. Retrospective maps of the biotopes of the nature reserve are constructed and the types of biotopes specific to the studied territory are identified. The changes that occurred in the distribution of biotope types in the territory of the nature reserve were evaluated.The article presents the results of graphical data analysis on electronic maps, which are presented in the form of Ecological map of the region. The elaborated ecological mapping models are the basis for evaluation of environmental status of the studied territory and compiling a set of digital thematic maps in the GIS environment. In addition to visualization, this model allows to predict the possible contamination and outline the area of influence. Synthesized interactive mapping models can be updated with continued use by conservation organizations or interested users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core of renewable natural resources of any nation is its natural reserve fund. The issue of natural ecosystems preserving is becoming more and more actual at the present stage in terms of increasing human influence on the environment. The article presents methodical approaches to improving the system of background environmental monitoring, increasing of its objectivity and data submission visual aspects on the basis of GIS - technologies - taking into account the status, characteristics and specifics of protected areas. It is proposed to use information - analytical technologies data processing to conduct research on the dynamics of changes in the state of natural territories. ArcGis tools are used for collection, accumulation, processing, formalization and presentation of data regarding impact factors and environmental ecosystem state. The above tools provide for interpretation of analysis results in graph form on electronic maps and implementation of mathematical methods for assessment of intensity of anthropogenic impact and modeling of its environmental consequences. Synthesized interactive cartographic materials are created with the help of modern information technology of geodata analysis, have high visibility and can be updated with further use by environmental institutions. The practical application of the results can be used in the development of environmental network, the main purpose of which is to ensure the preservation of bio-and landscape diversity, the implementation of background environmental monitoring, stabilization of environmental balance, increasing of landscapes productivity, improvement of the environment and provision of nature reserve fund territories environmental safety. In addition to image visualization, developed environmental and cartographic models are the basis for studied territory environmental state assessment and compiling a set of digital thematic maps in GIS environment. In order to carry out an assessment of the components of the protected nature reserve, to ensure environmental safety and to prevent hazardous impact, it is possible to analyze the state of the natural reserve area in detail and systematically using GIS technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]