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ObjectivesTo explore the suicide risk-specific disruption of cortical hierarchy in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with diverse suicide risks.MethodsNinety-two MDD patients with diverse suicide risks and 38 matched controls underwent resting-state functional MRI. Connectome gradient analysis and stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) analysis were used to characterize the suicide risk-specific alterations of cortical hierarchy in MDD patients.ResultsRelative to controls, patients with suicide attempts (SA) had a prominent compression from the sensorimotor system; patients with suicide ideations (SI) had a prominent compression from the higher-level systems; non-suicide patients had a compression from both the sensorimotor system and higher-level systems, although it was less prominent relative to SA and SI patients. SFC analysis further validated this depolarization phenomenon.ConclusionThis study revealed MDD patients had suicide risk-specific disruptions of cortical hierarchy, which advance our understanding of the neuromechanisms of suicidality in MDD patients.

Based on the theory of entrepreneurial cognition, we examined the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and opportunity identification, and the moderating roles of environmental complexity and mediating role of entrepreneurial contextual knowledge in this relationship. Results from 246 entrepreneurs supported the hypothesis that both their entrepreneurial passion and their entrepreneurial contextual knowledge would be positively related to opportunity identification, and these relationships would be moderated by environmental complexity. Further, environmental complexity enhanced the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and opportunity identification, and also amplified the relationship between contextual knowledge and opportunity identification. The results suggest that the effect of entrepreneurs’ passion on opportunity identification depends on the level of the individual's contextual knowledge and environmental complexity.

ObjectiveInter-hemispheric network dysconnectivity has been well-documented in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it has remained unclear how structural networks between bilateral hemispheres relate to inter-hemispheric functional dysconnectivity and depression severity in MDD. Our study attempted to investigate the alterations in corpus callosum macrostructural and microstructural as well as inter-hemispheric homotopic functional connectivity (FC) in patients with recurrent MDD and to determine how these alterations are related with depressive severity.Materials and MethodsResting-state functional MRI (fMRI), T1WI anatomical images and diffusion tensor MRI of the whole brain were performed in 140 MDD patients and 44 normal controls matched for age, sex, years of education. We analyzed the macrostructural and microstructural integrity as well as voxel-mirrored homotopic functional connectivity (VMHC) of corpus callosum (CC) and its five subregion. Two-sample t-test was used to investigate the differences between the two groups. Significant subregional metrics were correlated with depression severity by spearman's correlation analysis, respectively.ResultsCompared with control subjects, MDD patients had significantly attenuated inter-hemispheric homotopic FC in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, and impaired anterior CC microstructural integrity (each comparison had a corrected P < 0.05), whereas CC macrostructural measurements remained stable. In addition, disruption of anterior CC microstructural integrity correlated with a reduction in FC in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, which correlated with depression severity in MDD patients. Furthermore, disruption of anterior CC integrity exerted an indirect influence on depression severity in MDD patients through an impairment of inter-hemispheric homotopic FC.ConclusionThese findings may help to advance our understanding of the neurobiological basis of depression by identifying region-specific interhemispheric dysconnectivity.

As a major concern shared by parents globally, COVID-19 vaccine safety is typically being messaged to the public in a negative frame in many countries. However, whether the COVID-19 vaccine safety framing have an effect on parents when vaccinating their children is unclear. Here we implement an online survey with a convenience sample of 3,861 parents living in mainland China, all over 18 years old and with at least one child under 18. The parents were randomly assigned to receive information about COVID-19 vaccine safety in either a negative frame (incidence of side effects) or a positive frame (the inverse incidence of side effects), to compare parental reactions to a range of questions about communication, risk perception, trust, involvement and behavioral intention. We found that parents were more likely to regard vaccine safety as relevant to policy support and as a higher priority for government when receiving positively framed information (p = 0.002). For some specific subgroups, parents in positive framing group showed lower risk perception and higher trust (p<0.05). This suggests that positive framing of COVID-19 vaccine safety messages show more effective performance than negative framing in terms of involvement, as well as trust and risk perception in specific subgroups, which may lead to a reflection on whether to adjust the current widespread use of negative framing. Our findings inform how governments and health care workers strategically choose the framing design of COVID-19 vaccine safety information, and have important implications for promoting COVID-19 vaccination in children in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a significant contributor to acute kidney injury and can be attributed to a variety of factors, including but not limited to allergens or drugs, infections, autoimmune or systemic diseases, and idiopathic forms of the disease. In some cases, AIN requires a therapeutic action according to a single specific etiology by handling the offending agent and applying an immunosuppressant. Although AIN can be diagnosed through renal biopsy, it is not able to pinpoint the precise cause when multiple causes are suspected to be present simultaneously. Such situations arise when a patient suffering from infection develops AIN during antibiotic therapy, the exact causative factor of which becomes a challenge for the clinicians to determine. This is attributed to the different approaches employed in different etiologies, wherein clinicians are required to maintain the current antibiotic therapy or augment the dose in cases of infection as AIN etiology, without resorting to immunosuppressant therapy as the primary objective is infection killing. In contrast, antibiotics as an etiology for AIN require an alternative drug from the antibiotics group, along with an immunosuppressant. In the interim, delaying the identification of the precise cause may result in interstitial fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. This narrative review highlights certain findings that can be typical of infection-associated ATIN compared with antibiotic-associated ATIN based on clinical history and physical examination, clinical presentation of different antibiotic drug classes, histopathological features, classical and novel biomarkers, serum and urine cytokines and chemokines, cellular biomarkers, and genetic biomarkers. Although these findings cannot provide conclusive and clear recommendations that can be useful in the clinical practice, they can entice researchers to conduct original research on these features to discover clear recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, a rift was formed by post‐collisional extension after ocean closure or an island arc‐related basin formed by Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) subduction in the Xi Ujimqin area. Nevertheless, the closure time of the PAO is still under debate. Thus, to identify the origin of the PAO, the geochemistry and U‐Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra‐large deep marine, polymict clastic boulders and sandstones in the Shoushangou Formation within the basin. The analyses revealed magmatic activity and tectonic evolution. The conglomerates include megaclasts of granite (298.8 ± 9.1 Ma) and granodiorite porphyry (297.1 ± 3.1 Ma), which were deposited by muddy debris flow. Results of this study demonstrated that the boulders of granitoids have the geochemistry of typical I‐type granite, characterized by low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y and low Ga/Al values. The granitoid boulders were formed in island arc setting, indicating the presence of arc magmatism in the area that is composed of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian subduction‐related granitoid in southern Xi Ujimqin. Multiple diagrams for determining sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that Shoushangou sediments originated from continental island arc‐related felsic rocks. Detrital zircon U‐Pb age cluster of 330‐280 Ma was obtained, indicating input from granite, ophiolite, Xilin Gol complex, and Carboniferous sources to the south. The basin was geographically developed behind the arc during the Early Permian period because the outcropped intrusive rocks in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian form a volcanic arc. The comprehensive analyses of source areas suggest that Shoushangou sediments developed in a backarc basin in response to the northward subduction of the PAO. The backarc basin and intrusive rocks, in addition to previously published Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic rocks of arc unit in Xilin Gol, confirm the presence of an Early Permian trench‐arc‐basin system in the region, represented by the Baolidao arc and Xi Ujimqin backarc basin. This study highlights the importance and potential of combined geochemical and geochronological studies of conglomerates and sandstone for reconstructing the geodynamic setting of a basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly sensitive silicon-based nano-structure photodetectors have attracted tremendous attention in night vision imaging. However, most reported photodetectors suffer from large dark current, low detectivity and narrow operating waveband, which greatly limit their application in low-light and broadband detection. Herein, an NN+/MS double junction enhanced photodetector based on silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays wrapped by silver nanoparticles has been fabricated. The light confinement effect and photogain in the SiNW arrays ensure high sensitivity to weak light, and the built-in electric field formed NN+ junction effectively accelerates carrier separation and suppresses dark currents. Meanwhile, plasmonic hot electrons generated in Ag nanoparticles after excitation could be emitted over MS junctions to achieve superior response currents and obvious sensitivity to near-infrared illumination. As a result, the double junction photodetector exhibits an ultrabroad spectral response ranging from 254 nm to 2200 nm in the self-driven operation mode, which not only enables a peak responsivity of 2.2 × 103 mA W−1, an outstanding specific detectivity up to 5.1 × 1014 cm Hz1/2 W−1 and an ultralow dark current density of 6 × 10−11 A cm−2, which are exceedingly better than those of the existing silicon-based devices, but also endows it with a rapid response speed with a rise/fall time of 25/62 μs at 980 nm. More importantly, the device shows a high low-light sensitivity to starlight irradiation (1.4 × 10−3 lux) due to photogain and sharp imaging capability under low-light conditions. This work provides a potential strategy for fabricating high sensitivity and broadband photodetectors for night vision imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the influence of interstitial C atoms on the magnetostructural transformation and magnetocaloric effect in MnNi0.77Fe0.23GeCx (x = 0, 0.02, and 0.03) compounds has been investigated. The introduction of C atoms into the interstitial sites of the MnNi0.77Fe0.23Ge compounds leads to the enhanced stability of the orthorhombic phase, thus enhancing the structural transition temperature. Moreover, the critical field of antiferromagnetic (AFM)–ferromagnetic (FM) conversion significantly decreases following C atom incorporation. Therefore, it can be inferred that C atoms can promote the AFM–FM conversion in the TiNiSi-type orthorhombic phase. The MnNi0.77Fe0.23GeCx compound with x = 0.02 exhibits a large magnetocaloric effect due to the ferromagnetic magnetostructural transition. Furthermore, for the compound with x = 0.03, a table-like magnetocaloric effect is observed around room temperature owing to the coupling of the martensitic and metamagnetic transitions, which confirms the wide working temperature range and a large refrigerant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oriented polycrystalline Nd1 − xTbxCo5 alloys are fabricated successfully by the magnetic field bonding technique, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) and rotating magnetocaloric effect (RMCE) have been studied systematically. Two successive spin-reorientation transitions (SRTs), "easy-plane" to "easy-cone" transition at TSR1 followed by "easy-cone" to "easy-axis" transition at TSR2, are observed. The SRT temperatures shift toward room temperature due to the enhancement of MCA by substituting Nd with Tb of a higher MCA constant. In addition, two competing mechanisms on MCA might be induced by substituting Nd with Tb, which leads to the nonlinear variation of RMCE. The RMCE and the working temperature range increase largely by substituting Nd with a small amount of Tb, e.g., the maximum rotating adiabatic temperature change ΔTrot increases by ∼60% from x = 0 to 0.1. The relatively large RMCE over a wide working temperature range (from 240 K to 310 K) makes x = 0.1 compound attractive candidate for rotating magnetic refrigeration around room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]