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Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is an essential controller of mitochondrial fission whose activity is tightly controlled to ensure balanced mitochondrial dynamics and maintain internal cellular homeostasis. Growing evidence suggests that DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission plays a role in drug-induced toxicity (DIT). Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DIT and the precise regulation of DRP1 function will inform the development of potential therapeutic treatments for DIT. This review comprehensively summarizes the diverse DITs and their potential mechanism associated with DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission and discusses in vivo and in vitro model studies of toxicity protection targeting DRP1.

Abstract The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at various loci and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with gynecologic cancer receiving platinum‐based chemotherapy (PPCT) remains unexplored. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between SNPs at several loci (e.g., GSTP1 rs1695, MTHFR rs1801133, XPC rs2228001, TP53 rs1042522, and ERCC1 rs3212986) and ADRs in patients with gynecologic cancer receiving PPCT. A total of 244 patients with gynecologic cancer who received first‐line PPCT were included in this retrospective study. Blood fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect genotypes. Logistic regression, Pearson's Chi‐square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to explore the correlations between these SNPs and the occurrence of ADRs. The logistic regression results showed that different genotypes of the five genes had no statistical significance in the overall grade greater than or equal to 3 ADRs. The results of Pearson's Chi‐square test showed the same results. On specific adverse reactions, we found that the rs1042522 GG genotype significantly increased the risk of grade greater than or equal to 3 leucopenia compared with the CG and the CC genotypes (p = 0.002). The rs1695 AG genotype showed higher correlation for grade greater than or equal to 3 neutropenia (p = 0.020). The rs2228001 CC genotype also had a higher risk for grade greater than or equal to 3 neutropenia (p = 0.003). This study found that whereas the overall grade greater than or equal to 3 adverse reactions in patients with gynecologic cancer receiving PPCT were not associated with SNPs, specific SNPs (rs1042522 GG, rs1695 AG, and rs2228001 CC) were linked to higher risks of leucopenia and neutropenia, indicating their potential as predictors of hematotoxicity in PPCT‐treated patients with gynecologic cancer.

Background: Recent studies increasingly suggest notable changes in both the quantity and types of gut microbiota among individuals suffering from urinary tract stones. However, the causal relationship between GMB and urinary tract stone formation remains elusive, which we aim to further investigate in this research through Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the human GMB were selected from MiBioGen International Consortium GWAS dataset. Data on urinary tract stone-related traits and associated SNPs were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS database. To investigate the causal relationships between gut microbiota and urinary tract stones, Mendelian Randomization (MR) was applied using genetic variants as instrumental variables, utilizing a bidirectional two-sample MR framework. This analysis incorporated various statistical techniques such as inverse variance weighting, weighted median analysis, MR-Egger, and the maximum likelihood method. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a range of sensitivity tests were conducted, including Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out cross-validation, and examination of funnel plots. Results: The results revealed the causal relationship between the increase in the abundance of 10 microbial taxa, including Genus-Barnesiella (IVW OR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.73–0.89, P = 2.29 × 10–3) and Genus-Flavonifractor (IVW OR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.53–0.91, P = 8.57 × 10–3), and the decreased risk of urinary tract stone formation. Conversely, the development of urinary tract stones was observed to potentially instigate alterations in the abundance of 13 microbial taxa, among which Genus-Ruminococcus torques group was notably affected (IVW OR = 1.07, 95%CI 0.64–0.98, P = 1.86 × 10–3). In this context, Genus-Clostridium sensustricto1 exhibited a bidirectional causal relationship with urinary tract stones, while the remaining significant microbial taxa demonstrated unidirectional causal effects in the two-sample MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses did not identify significant estimates of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. Conclusion: To summarize, the results of this study suggest a likely causative link between gut microbiota and the incidence of urinary tract stones. This insight opens up potential pathways for discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management and prevention of urolithiasis. However, further in-depth research is warranted to investigate these associations.

Background: Aberrant gene expression, including protein-coding and non-coding genes (like long non-coding RNA, lncRNA), is associated with cervical cancer development. To reveal the possible molecular mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis, this study conducted high throughput sequencing along with a bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were assessed using a microarray technique in three pairs of cervical cancer and paracancerous tissues and analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotations. Their co-expression profiles, containing 653 nodes and 400 edges, were constructed and analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analyses. Results: There were 242 lncRNAs and 169 mRNAs upregulated and 1204 lncRNAs and 1131 mRNAs downregulated in cervical cancer (fold change ≥2 or ≤–2; p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG pathway analytic data showed that these differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily enriched in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and cancer pathways. The differentially expressed cis-targeted lncRNAs were associated with the TGF-β signaling and cell adhesion molecules, while the trans-targeted lncRNAs were related to p53 signaling. Functional analysis of the integrated mRNA-lncRNA co-expression networks were linked to autophagy, regulation of vascular genesis, transcriptional repressor complex, and regulation of gene expression. Conclusions: These differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs could be associated with cervical cancer development and/or progression.

Research on the mechanism and new targets of ovarian cancer is of great significance to reduce the high mortality and drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Human La protein has been found to be highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and plays a role in tumorigenesis and development through its RNA-binding function. However, its role and mechanism in ovarian cancer are not completely clear. The present study showed that La protein was highly expressed in serum and tissues of patients with ovarian cancer by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and the high expression of La protein was associated with the increased degree of malignancy and poor prognosis by searching the KM plotter database. Interference of the La gene resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells with growth block in the G1 phase and increasing apoptosis. By RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation, transcriptome sequencing, and proteomics, 14 downstream target genes were screened. The La protein might affect the protein expression of these 14 genes by binding with the mRNAs. Therefore, it played a role in the pathological process of ovarian cancer.

Abstract Background Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare genetic disorder caused by endogenous overproduction of hepatic oxalate, leading to hyperoxaluria, recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones, and end‐stage renal disease. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an ideal target for diminishing oxalate production as it is responsible for glyoxylate to oxalate conversion in the liver, the last step of oxalate metabolism. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to ameliorate PH1 via specifically disrupting the hepatic LDH. Methods Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were used to assess the efficacy of cleavage of single‐guide RNAs in vitro. PH1 neonatal rats were injected with a single administration of adeno‐associated virus to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system that targeted LDH. Three weeks after injection, a liver biopsy was performed to detect LDH expression, liver injury, and liver metabolomics. Urinary oxalate was regularly monitored, and renal calcium oxalate deposition was evaluated after 4 weeks of 0.5% ethylene glycol challenge. After 6 months of treatment, animals were euthanized, and ex‐liver organs were harvested for toxicity analysis. Results The Ldha gene was specifically knocked out in 20% of the liver cells of PH1 rats in the treatment group, leading to a 50% lower LDH expression than that in the control group. Compared to the control groups, urinary oxalate levels were significantly decreased, and renal calcium oxalate precipitation was largely mitigated in the treatment group throughout the entire 6‐month study period. While no CRISPR/Cas9‐associated off‐target edits or hepatotoxicity were detected, we observed mild metabolic changes in the liver tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and glycolysis pathways. Conclusions CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated LDH disruption may represent an applicable new strategy for alleviating PH1 for its long‐lasting effect and low editorial efficiency requirements.

Background: Tong-Jing-Yi (TJY) formula consists of Leonurus, fried Toosendan and processed Cyperus, etc. The therapeutic effect of TJY on dysmenorrhea has been clinically validated, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the possible molecular targets of TJY and the potential mechanisms. Methods: The components of TJY formula were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometry. SwissTargetPrediction database was used to predict the targets of TJY formula, and targets associated with primary dysmenorrhea were also collected through other databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 91 compounds with identified structures were screened, including 3 groups of isomers. The results predicted 854 TJY formula-related targets and 363 disease-related targets. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the top 5 target genes were PIK3CA, AKT1, EGFR, AKT2 and CYP19A1. PI3K-Akt signaling, chemokine signaling, focal adhesion, and Rap1 signaling were ranked in the top 15 pathways. Conclusion: TJY formula might play roles in the treatment of dysmenorrhea underlying mechanisms relating to the involvement of TNF-α, interleukin and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Potential pathways have been identified that need mechanistic confirmation in a laboratory setting in the future.

Beta induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) can be an important candidate for ion loss in burning plasmas. Elongation effect on BAE has been investigated by the gyrokinetic eigenvalue code DAEPS in this work. We construct a shaped equilibrium model by modifying local s − α model with which the capability of the DAEPS code has been extended to study the elongation effect. It is discovered that the BAE growth rate first increases with elongation factor κ , reaches a maximum and then decreases. This trend occurs for many different values of η _i . We find that, in the weak or moderate elongation region, the BAE instability is reactive type and mainly determined by the fluid/MHD effects, namely the combination of stabilizing field line bending term and destabilizing interchange drive in the vorticity equation. However, in the strong elongation region, the BAE instability becomes dissipative and is mainly driven by the wave–particle resonance effect embedded in δW _k since the fluid driving damps away. It is also discovered that the wave–particle resonance decreases with elongation in this region, which is due to the decrease of the geodesic curvature with elongation and leads to the decrease in the growth rate of BAE.

Adiponectin and miR-133a are key regulators in cardiac hypertrophy. However, whether APN has a potential effect on miR-133a remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether APN could regulate miR-133a expression in Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Lentiviral-mediated adiponectin treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang II infusion in male wistar rats as determined by reduced cell surface area and mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also the reduced left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) and end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSd). Meanwhile, APN elevated miR-133a level which was downregulated by Ang II. To further investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with recombinant rat APN before Ang II stimulation. Pretreating cells with recombinant APN promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited ERK activation. By using the inhibitor of AMPK or a lentiviral vector expressing AMPK short hairpin RNA (shRNA) cancelled the positive effect of APN on miR-133a. The ERK inhibitor PD98059 reversed the downregulation of miR-133a induced by Ang II. These results indicated that the AMPK activation and ERK inhibition were responsible for the positive effect of APN on miR-133a. Furthermore, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) mRNA expression was inhibited by Ang II stimulation. The positive effects of APN on AMPK activation and miR-133a, and the inhibitory effect on ERK phosphorylation were inhibited in NRVMs transfected with lentiviral AdipoR1shRNA. In addition, APN depressed the elevated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a direct target of miR-133a, through the AMPK pathway. Taken together, our data indicated that APN reversed miR-133a levels through AMPK activation, reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes stimulated with Ang II, revealing a previously undemonstrated and important link between APN and miR-133a.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35-0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54-0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31-2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82-79.43). Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42-2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22-0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50-0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections. Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21-22.55). Conclusion: Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a severe inherited disorder caused by a genetic defect in alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT), which results in recurrent urolithiasis and renal failure. Animal models that precisely reflect human PH1 phenotypes are lacking. We aimed to develop a novel PH1 rat model and study the mechanisms involved in PH1 deterioration. One cell stage Sprague-Dawley embryos were injected with the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce a Q84X mutation in Agxt. Liver tissues were harvested to determine Agxt expression. Urine oxalate, crystals, and electrolyte levels in AgxtQ84X and wild-type (WT) littermates were evaluated. Kidney tissues were used for Pizzolato staining and kidney injury evaluation. Data showed that Agxt mRNA and protein were absent in AgxtQ84X rats. At 4 and 24 wk, AgxtQ84X rats displayed 2.1- and 2.9-fold higher urinary oxalate levels, respectively, compared with WT littermates. As a result, calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in urine were revealed in all AgxtQ84X rats but in none of the WT rats. We also observed bladder stones in 36.4% of AgxtQ84X rats, of which 44.4% had renal CaOx deposition. Moreover, the elevated serum urea and creatinine levels indicated the impaired renal function in AgxtQ84X rats. Further investigation revealed significantly increased expression of inflammation-, necroptosis-, and fibrosis-related genes in the kidneys of AgxtQ84X rats with spontaneous renal CaOx deposition, indicating that these pathways are involved in PH1 deterioration. Collectively, these results suggest that this rat model has broad applicability in mechanistic studies and innovative therapeutics development for PH1 and other kidney stone diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a severe inherited disorder that results in recurrent urolithiasis and renal failure. We generated an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (Agxt)Q84X nonsense mutant rat model that displayed an early onset of hyperoxaluria, spontaneous renal CaOx precipitation, bladder stone, and kidney injuries. Our results suggest an interaction of renal CaOx crystals with the activation of inflammation-, fibrosis-, and necroptosis-related pathways. In all, the AgxtQ84X rat strain has broad applicability in mechanistic studies and the development of innovative therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the Internet in modern society has promoted the development of many different network platforms. In the context of big data, many types of multimodal data such as pictures, videos, and texts are generated in the platform. Through the analysis of multimodal data, we can provide better services for users. The traditional big data analysis platform cannot achieve a completely stable state for the analysis of multimodal data. The construction of multimodal intelligent platform can achieve efficient analysis of relevant data, so as to create greater economic benefits for the society. This paper mainly studies the historical development trend of big data multimodal intelligence technology and the data processing method of multimodal intelligence technology applied to network expression classification, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. Finally, it studied the fusion algorithm between multimodal data and visual design, as well as the classification of network expression and the application result analysis of visual design in big data multimodal intelligence technology.

Numerous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are vital in the development of various types of human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and the regulation of tumor progression and invasion. However, the effect of miRNA-27a (miR-27a) on the tumorigenesis of RCC is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of miR-27a and identify its possible target genes in RCC cells. In the present study, cell proliferation, migration and invasion and the percentage of apoptotic cells were detected by methylthiazol tetrazolium assays, Annexin V analysis, wound-healing assays and Transwell invasion assays. Western blot analysis was performed to validate the protein expression level and assess whether the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was a target gene of miR-27a. A tumor xenograft animal model was used to detect the role of miR-27a on RCC cell growth in vivo. The present study demonstrated that miR-27a significantly suppressed human RCC 786-O cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Restoration of miR-27 also resulted in 786-O cell migration and invasion inhibition. Furthermore, upregulated miR-27a attenuated RCC tumor growth in the tumor xenograft animal model. The present results suggested that miR-27a functions as a tumor suppressor in RCC. The western blot analysis assay revealed that EGFR was a novel target of miR-27a. The growth suppression of RCC cells was attributed partly to the downregulation of the cell cycle by ERFR inhibition. The present findings may aid in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of miR-27a in the tumorigenesis of RCC, and may provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO, Eur J Prev Cardiol 22(6):734-42, 2015) trial shows that, in patients who have an acute coronary syndrome, treatment with ticagrelor as compared with clopidogrel significantly reduced the rate of death, but the reason is still uncertain. Both inflammation and vascular endothelian cell dysfunction play important roles in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaques, but whether ticagrelor has superior anti-inflammatory effect and can improve vascular endothelial cell function to a great extent is unknown.Methods/design: Patients with STEMI who are scheduled to undergo emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) will be randomly assigned to receive a loading dose of ticagrelor 180 mg as the treatment group or clopidogrel 600 mg as the control group. After PCI, the treatment group will be treated with ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily while the control group will be treated with clopidogrel 75 mg once daily. The vascular endothelial function will be tested by circulating endothelial cells, and levels of inflammation will be tested by CD40 ligand (CD40L), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and P-selectin. The estimated enrollment sample size will be 350 patients, including 175 in the treatment group and 175 in the control group.Discussion: This study will compare the influence of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on inflammatory biomarkers and vascular endothelial function firstly for STEMI patients receiving emergency PCI and will provide evidence to identify whether ticagrelor inhibits inflammation and improves vascular endothelial cell function to a greater extent than clopidogrel or not.Trial Registration: This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT02123004) on 20 April 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen and can be life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals. There is currently no available vaccine for the prevention of HCMV- associated diseases and most of the available antiviral drugs that target viral DNA synthesis become ineffective in treating HCMV mutants that arise after long-term use in immunocompromised patients. Here, we examined the effects of Eltanexor, a second-generation selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), on HCMV replication. Eltanexor effectively inhibits HCMV replication in human foreskin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Eltanexor does not significantly inhibit viral entry and nuclear import of viral genomic DNA, but rather suppress the transcript and protein levels of viral immediate-early (IE), early (E) and late (L) genes, and abolishes the production of infectious virions. We further found Eltanexor treatment promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of XPO1, which contributes to the nuclear retention of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), resulting in increased expression of type I interferon as well as interferon stimulating genes ISG15 and ISG54. This study reveals a novel antiviral mechanism of Eltanexor which suggests it has potential to inhibit a broad spectrum of viral pathogens.

Aggregation always occurs in industrial processes with fractal-like particles, especially in dense systems (the volume fraction, ϕ>1%). However, the classic aggregation theory, established by Smoluchowski in 1917, cannot sufficiently simulate the particle dynamics in dense systems, particularly those of generat ed fractal-like particles. In this article, the Langevin dynamic was applied to study the collision rate of aggregations as well as the structure of aggregates affected by different volume fractions. It is shown that the collision rate of highly concentrated particles is progressively higher than that of a dilute concentration, and the SPSD (self-preserving size distribution) is approached (σg,n≥1.5). With the increase in volume fraction, ϕ, the SPSD broadens, and the geometric standard is 1.54, 1.98, and 2.73 at ϕ=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. When the volume fraction, ϕ, is higher, the radius of gyration is smaller with the same cluster size (number-based), which means the particle agglomerations are in a tighter coagulation. The fractal-like property Df is in the range of 1.60–2.0 in a high-concentration system. Knowing the details of the collision progress in a high-concentration system can be useful for calculating the dynamics of coagulating fractal-like particles in the industrial process.

This work is intended to study the effect of background particles on vehicle emissions in representative realistic atmospheric environments. The coupling of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equation (RANS) and Taylor-series Expansion Method Of Moments (TEMOM) is performed to track the emissions of the vehicle and simulating the evolution of the matters. The transport equation of mass, momentum, heat, and the first three orders of moments are taken into account with the effect of binary homogeneous nucleation, Brownian coagulation, condensation, and thermophoresis. The parameterization model is utilized for nucleation. The measured data for Beijing’s particle size distribution under both polluted and nonpolluted conditions are utilized as background particles. The relationship between the macroscopic measurement results and the microscopic dynamic process is analyzed by comparing the variation trend of several physical quantities in the process of aerosol evolution. It is found with an increase of background particle concentration, the nucleation is inhibited, which is consistent with the existing studies.

Nanoparticle-laden two-phase flow systems, especially atmospheric aerosols, are usually found with several modes for particle size distribution (PSD). For the first time, a mathematical method is proposed to study the interaction of nanoparticle dynamics between modes by establishing two joint population balance equations (PBEs). The PBEs are solved using the sectional method, which divides the PSD into discrete bins. The nanoparticle-laden system involves Brownian coagulation, ventilation, and injection. The interaction between modes within a size distribution is studied quantitatively with and without injection and ventilation. The study shows that particles with smaller size are easier to be removed by background particles, but the lag time to be removed is affected by not only the total number concentration of small particles but also their sizes. Background particles play an important role in determining the evolution of small particle system, whose presence makes the secondary model absent for the small particles.

The stability of high torodial mode number (n) beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes excited by precessional resonance of magnetically trapped energetic electrons in low magnetic-shear tokamak plasma is investigated. The dispersion relation of the energetic-electron beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (e-BAE) is derived and solved analytically and numerically. It is found that the contribution of the trapped energetic electrons to the e-BAE dispersion relation is limited to the ideal MHD structure of the BAE. Numerical results show that, for typical equilibrium parameters, the e-BAE can be destabilized by the energetic electrons, and the mode frequency is consistent with the experimental observation. Varying the background plasma parameters can lead to transitions between e-BAEs and energetic particle modes. Moreover, the dependence of the e-BAE frequencies and growth rates on energetic electron parameters shows that the growth rates monotonically increase(decrease) with the energetic electron density(the normalized energetic electron density scale length), and the frequencies are not much affected. The frequency and growth rate are sensitive to the energetic electron temperature, and there exists a maximum growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpretation of land use and land cover (LULC) is an important issue in the fields of high-resolution remote sensing (RS) image processing and land resource management. Fully training a new or existing convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for LULC classification requires a large amount of remote sensing images. Thus, fine-tuning a pre-trained CNN for LULC detection is required. To improve the classification accuracy for high resolution remote sensing images, it is necessary to use another feature descriptor and to adopt a classifier for post-processing. A fully connected conditional random fields (FC-CRF), to use the fine-tuned CNN layers, spectral features, and fully connected pairwise potentials, is proposed for image classification of high-resolution remote sensing images. First, an existing CNN model is adopted, and the parameters of CNN are fine-tuned by training datasets. Then, the probabilities of image pixels belong to each class type are calculated. Second, we consider the spectral features and digital surface model (DSM) and combined with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, the probabilities belong to each LULC class type are determined. Combined with the probabilities achieved by the fine-tuned CNN, new feature descriptors are built. Finally, FC-CRF are introduced to produce the classification results, whereas the unary potentials are achieved by the new feature descriptors and SVM classifier, and the pairwise potentials are achieved by the three-band RS imagery and DSM. Experimental results show that the proposed classification scheme achieves good performance when the total accuracy is about 85%.