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Background. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis is a rare inherited disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe hyperbilirubinemia and pruritus that resolve spontaneously. However, attacks of cholestasis may persist for several months and in some cases be associated with frequent recurrences, which may be grounds for liver transplantation.Objective. To present a clinical case of debut benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis following acute hepatitis A.Results. A 30-year-old patient was admitted at the Liver Transplantation Center of Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy for a prolonged episode of intrahepatic cholestasis with severe coagulopathy after acute hepatitis A. Total bilirubin was elevated up to 835 µmol/L and INR was 3.6. The manifestations of vitamin K-associated coagulopathy were controlled after the first dose of parenteral menadione sodium bisulfite. Glucocorticosteroids, ursodeoxycholic acid and plasmapheresis turned ineffective in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Due to long-persisting cholestasis resistant to conservative therapy, the patient was considered for inclusion to the liver transplant waiting list. However, spontaneous resolution of the cholestatic episode was achieved at 5 months after the onset of manifestations. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 was diagnosed on the basis of the specific clinical signs, laboratory blood tests and genetic testing.Conclusion. The present Case Report shows a long-lasting episode of cholestasis with severe coagulopathy in acute hepatitis A in a patient with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis with subsequent spontaneous resolution of the clinical symptoms at 5 months after their manifestation onset. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis should be considered prior to liver transplantation in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis.

This paper is devoted to the memory of Volodymyr Methodyevich Yakovenko, an outstanding scientist in the field of solid-state radio physics, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Full Member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, Honorary Director of the O.Ya. Usykov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics (IRE) within the NAS. At the IRE, Dr. Yakovenko founded a scientific school that is well-known for its studies of charged particles’ interaction with electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous conducting media. In addition, he initiated research in a new branch of today’s solid state physics, specifically investigation of plasma instabilities in semiconductors that occur because of heating of conduction electrons by the existing elecromagnetic fields.

The article examines the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating gender equality into the national security and defence sector of Ukraine. The analysis of the legal framework governing gender policy, in particular in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the role of international standards, such as UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and the Istanbul Convention, in ensuring equal access of women and men to participation in defence processes. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical data, the article examines the impact of gender balance on the effectiveness of the national security sector, in particular its managerial, operational and strategic components, in the context of modern military challenges. It is found that the integration of gender equality contributes to the efficiency of the defence sector, but requires improvement of legal regulation and changes in institutional approaches. The results of the study indicate the need to revise legislative acts and introduce gender-sensitive approaches in the planning and execution of military operations. The article provides recommendations for strengthening the legal framework for gender equality in the security and defence sector of Ukraine. It is concluded that gender equality in the military does not mean mandatory establishment of equal obligations for both sexes. It is important to take into account the specifics and capabilities of each gender, ensuring equal access to military service on a voluntary basis, which is a more effective and fair approach. This allows to take into account the individual characteristics of women and men, thus ensuring the harmonious functioning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of modern challenges and needs of society.

The article deals with the issue of systematisation of by-laws and regulations resulting from the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Lawmaking”. It is noted that the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Lawmaking” has not fundamentally solved the problem of streamlining of regulatory legal acts. The unresolved nature of a wide range of issues related to the systematisation of legislation gives rise, in particular, to many debatable issues, such as: clarifying the admissibility and expediency of codification of bylaws and regulations; determining and regulating the most optimal forms of systematisation of bylaws and regulations, and the role and possibilities of consolidation as a form of systematisation of bylaws and regulations. Based on the analysis of the Law of Ukraine “On Lawmaking”, the article determines that the legislator, firstly, has not proposed a definition of codification as a form of lawmaking, and secondly, has not classified the types of codification by their legal force. Thus, the question of the potential existence of codification bylaws in the context of the Law of Ukraine “On Lawmaking” is left unsolved. Instead, the practice of subordinate legislation confirms the regularity of the existence of codification subordinate acts in the structure of the legislative system. The authors point out that the main form of subordinate legislation is resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. It is noted that the existing theoretical developments and foreign experience of regulating both formal and informal incorporation indicate that it is inexpedient to introduce it in Ukraine through amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Lawmaking”, since incorporation does not have the features of lawmaking at all, and therefore it cannot be the subject of legal regulation by the Law on Laws. It is emphasised that, given the current doctrinal understanding of the peculiarities of alternative codifications of by-laws and regulations in Ukraine, it would be advisable to adopt a separate legal act (at the level of a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine) which would regulate the rules for systematisation of by-laws and regulations in the system of executive authorities, based on the Law of Ukraine “On Lawmaking”. It is concluded that the issue of the subjective composition of public authorities with regard to the specific forms of systematisation of by-laws and regulations requires normative and doctrinal certainty, given the consolidation of legislation.

У статті досліджено питання особливостей найменування та сприйняття професій галузі фрилансу в японській мові, що з’явилися в результаті впливу процесів інтернаціоналізації та глобалізації останньої чверті ХХ ст. на соціально-економічну сферу зокрема. Ключовими поняттями роботи є поняття 「内」uchi (“своє / старе / традиційне”) －「外」soto (“чуже / нове / сучасне”), що репрезентує японську традиційну культуру, та японська абетка катакана, що виступає як лінгвістичний (основною функцією є записування слів іншомовного походження), так і екстралінгвістичний чинник (лінгвістично уособлює концепт「外」soto (“чуже / нове / модернізоване / сучасне”). Ця функція катакани, виокремлена з-поміж інших, слугувала призмою, крізь яку розглянуто феномен фрилансу в Японії. У дослідженні також описано еволюцію катакани, зокрема нові риси, яких вона набула в контексті сучасних процесів інтернаціоналізації та глобалізації. Розроблені класифікації презентують явище фрилансу із взаємопов’язаних лінгвістичного (схеми номінації професій галузі фрилансу в японській мові, словотвірні моделі, етимологічний складник тощо) та екстралінгвістичного боків (типологізація професій за критерієм новизни / осучасненості та їхнє сприйняття з урахуванням семантико-стилістичного й етимологічного критеріїв зокрема). Інші наведені класифікації допомагають якомога повніше висвітлити феномен фрилансу в Японії та представити його в різних аспектах: і в лінгвістичному, і в соціально-філософському. Особливу увагу приділено так званим “катаканним” професіям, які сформувалися під впливом сучасних інтернаціоналізаційних і глобалізаційних процесів і більшість яких набули рис фрилансу.

Так званий постстернотомний медіастиніт (ПМ) або глибока інфекція рани груднини є одним із найнебезпечніших ускладнень після кардіохірургічних втручань. Завдяки сучасним стандартам гігієни в лікарнях та раціональному використанню антибіотиків загальна поширеність ПМ зазвичай вважається низькою. У випадку коронарного шунтування з використанням внутрішньої грудної артерії цей показник може значно збільшитися. Попри його відносну рідкість, ПМ пов’язаний із високим рівнем смертності та морбідності. Глибока інфекція рани груднини не тільки призводить до високої смертності, а й супроводжується значною інвалідизацією пацієнтів, які вижили. Крім того, ПМ пов’язаний із тривалим перебуванням у лікарні, збільшенням витрат на лікування і значним погіршанням показників довгострокового виживання. На сьогодні стандартної схеми лікування ПМ немає. Клініцисти можуть обирати різні методи залежно від класифікаційної форми захворювання, але всі вони без винятку проводяться за трьома основними напрямками, а саме: контроль інфекції, класичне, іригаційне або вакуумне дренування рани та її реконструкція. У наш час хірурги постійно пропонують нові методи лікування, кожен з яких має свої переваги та недоліки. У статті представлено клінічний випадок успішного комбінованого лікування ПМ (вакуум-терапія з подальшою торакопластикою) в пацієнта після аортокоронарного шунтування.

We analyze the influence of concentrated forces on a disk-shaped inclusion operating the conditions of smooth contact in the plane of joint of two different transversely isotropic half spaces. The problem is reduced to the Riemann boundary-value problem with respect to a part of variables in the space of generalized functions. Its solution is constructed in the explicit form, which enables us to determine the dependence of translational and circular displacements of the inclusion and the jumps of stresses and displacements on the inclusion on concentrated forces and the relationship between the elastic constants of the half spaces. We also study the influence of presence of the concentrated forces (either in a single or in both half spaces) on the translational displacements and the jumps of normal stresses for different combinations of the materials of the half spaces and the shapes of the inclusion. Keywords: fundamental solutions, inhomogeneous transversely isotropic space, disk-shaped inclusion, generalized functions., Interface domains, i.e., the domains of joint of different materials subjected to the action of elastic and temperature fields, were always an object of extensive investigations of many authors as [...]

Introduction. Impaired liver transplant function in the long term often leads to graft loss and the recipient death. There are many causes for the development of a late liver allograft dysfunction and different types of its clinical presentation, but there is no generally accepted definition. This hinders its timely diagnosis, analysis of its prevalence, and also makes it difficult to compare the performance of transplantation programs.Objective. To determine the clinical and prognostic value of late liver allograft dysfunction.Material and methods. The study included 103 cases of cadaveric liver transplantation from donors diagnosed with brain death to 100 recipients, of whom 36% were men, aged 48 years old (40;56) (18–68) at the time of transplant, having MELD score 17 (14;21) (7–41). The follow-up period was 52 months (20;77) (8–180). The cases where the graft loss occurred earlier than 3 months were excluded.The late liver allograft dysfunction was defined as a dysfunction of the transplanted liver, which was manifested by at least one of three following signs and occurred at more than 3 months after transplantation: 1) increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and/or gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin; 2) impaired synthetic function (increased international normalized ratio, decreased antithrombin III, cholinesterase); 3) liver cirrhosis complications (signs of portal hypertension, ascites, encephalopathy). The following limits were chosen as a diagnostic threshold for laboratory parameter abnormalities: more than 2 upper limits of normal for total bilirubin, more than 1.5 upper limits of normal for the levels of alanine or aspartic aminotransferases, more than 1.5 upper limits of normal for gamma-glutamyltransferase or alkaline phosphatase, more than 1.6 of normal for international normalized ratio.Results. Late liver allograft dysfunction was diagnosed at least once in 64% of recipients. Through the postoperative course, the proportion of patients with late dysfunction varied from 22% to 40%. The etiology of late liver allograft dysfunction was viral (38%), unknown (25%), biliary (19%), immune (17%), and vascular (1%). Late liver allograft dysfunction was reversible in 75% of cases, persistent in 17%, progressive in 8% of cases. Progressive late liver allograft dysfunction led to a graft loss in all cases observed.Recipients with late liver allograft dysfunction were found to have had a 33% higher incidence of early allograft dysfunction (OR 4.7, 95% CI [1.8–12.3]); the incidence of biliary dysfunction was 3.1 times higher with distant choledochojejunostomy (OR 3.9, 95% CI [1.1–13.9]); in patients with autoimmune and cholestatic disease, the incidence of immune dysfunction was 4.8 times higher (OR 5.8, 95% CI [1.7–20.3]).Conclusion. The progressive nature of late liver allograft dysfunction negatively affects the results of transplantation and therefore should be considered as an indication for retransplantation. Reversible and persistent variants of late liver allograft dysfunction have favorable) prognosis. If the etiology of late dysfunction is not established, the regular surveillance with monitoring for fibrosis and repeated attempts to clarify the diagnosis should be continued.

The article examines the problem of forming scientific and technical programs for the conversion of research nuclear installations at the decommissioning stage, which arose in the aspect of justifying the possibility of extending the designated service life of all existing research nuclear reactors in Russia. To solve this problem, a methodology is proposed, which includes an information model and a process description of the necessary step-by-step actions, as well as a set of appendices in the form of documents justifying the most optimal ways to form a project for managing the quality of nuclear reactor conversion processes in relation to special life cycle conditions of specific nuclear reactors. The general view of the methodology is described: principles and methods of construction, structure. An example of the application of this technique in the conversion of the Hydra salt solution pulsed research reactor for the decommissioning stage is given. The purpose of the conversion of the Hydra reactor is to extend the designated service life by replacing non-repairable equipment ­ the vessel. The main criteria for justifying the residual life of the housing are formulated, which are the presence of a safety margin of the housing material, taking into account the accumulated fluence on more vulnerable areas and the justification of the integrity and tightness of the housing. For clarity, the conceptual information model of the methodology for justifying the safety of the process of replacing the Hydra reactor vessel is presented in the form of an Ishikawa diagram. The methodology represents a series of sequential scientific and technical activities, research and a finite number of step-by-step actions to achieve the final goal – extending the service life. The stages of the methodology for justifying the safety of replacing the Hydra reactor vessel are described, such as «clarification of initial data», «performing computational studies and laboratory experiments», «clarification of the requirements of methodological documentation» and «formation of a work plan» and «registration of licensing documents for operation».

Стаття присвячена актуальним проблемам цивільного права, а також римському приватному праву в Україні. Мета статті – простежити вплив римського приватного права на розвиток цивільного права. У процесі проведення дослідження використано низку загально-наукових та спеціальних методів пізнання, в тому числі: історичний, діалектичний, порівняльно-правовий, логічний аналіз, формально-юридичний та інші методи. Наша правова культура рецепіювала римське право, яке стало основою для цивільного права та по сьогоднішній день знаходить своє відображення у сучасному законодавстві України. В процесі дослідження було встановлено, що у Цивільному кодексі України містяться статті, які є свідченням як прямої, так і непрямої рецепції. При трансляції ідей і положень римського приватного права безпосередньо з першоджерел права Стародавнього Риму відбувається пряма рецепція. Непряма (похідна) рецепція відбулась при запозиченні римських правових ідей та правових рішень не безпосередньо з першоджерел, а через ті системи права, де рецепція відбулась раніше. Тобто, непряма рецепція є сприйняттям права інших держав, де цей процес уже відбувся, а не безпосередньо через першоджерело. Можемо стверджувати про вдале реціпіювання римського права в Україні через основні засади права, моральні та суспільні цінності, які стали основою юридичних положень римського права та здобутками суспільної культури людства. Тому, досягнення римського права не лише у формування цивільного права України, але й у здатності до розширення юридичного мислення та поваги до права як до цінності і основного здобутку суспільства. Беззаперечно можна стверджувати, що цивільне право будучи частиною романо-германської системи права є відтворенням римського приватного права, яке з одного боку, через багатовікову трансформацію набуло відповідного теоретичного змісту та є до сьогодні незмінним та актуальним. Висновки отримані під час дослідження впливу римського приватного права на розвиток цивільного права в цілому розвивають як теорію цивільного права так, і філософію права і слугують предметом для подальшого дослідження генезису цивільно-правових інститутів, походження та сутність більшості правових норм у цивільному праві України.

An original thermal-hydraulic method for optimizing the thermal resistance of thermal conductivity of fuel rod matrix upgrades has been developed to achieve the maximum burnup depth of nuclear fuel while ensuring safety conditions in operating and emergency modes of nuclear power plants. Based on the developed method, the boundaries of the optimization area for upgrades of the thermal resistance of the fuel rod matrix thermal conductivity are determined in accordance with the accepted optimization criteria and safety conditions. It is established that when optimizing upgrades to the thermal resistance of nuclear fuel, it is necessary to take into account both normal operating conditions and emergency conditions with impaired heat removal from the reactor core. It is established that the optimal values of thermal resistance of nuclear fuel thermal conductivity depend on the design and technical parameters of reactor installations, composition, and condition of nuclear fuel, accident management systems, and other factors.

Introduction. In modern society, different types of lighting fixtures with a variety of shapes, colours and brightness are widely used. However, not all of them effectively fulfil their functions and can negatively affect human health. Optimal lighting parameters are identified, taking into account safety and energy efficiency. Key aspects include the analysis of the spectra of incandescent, fluorescent and LED lamps using a spectrometer and assessing their impact on the vision and mental health of employees working in an office space through a written survey.Materials and methods. The illuminance, luminous flux and economy of workstations in office premises were analyzed.Results. The analysis of the obtained results allowed to determine the rationality of application of the investigated spectra of different types of lamps. The results of the research will be useful both for specialists and manufacturers in the field of lighting engineering, as well as end users.Conclusions. Recommendations for the use of LED lamps as the main source of lighting in office-type premises are given. These lamps provide an almost uniform spectrum, which creates optimal conditions for vision and reduces the negative impact on mental health. It is proposed to supplement the workspace lighting with individual light sources in the form of desk lamps of a yellowish shade at each employee's workplace. LED lamps are not only energy efficient, but also contribute to the formation of a comfortable and safe working environment.

Aim. To evaluate the usage of antihypertensive drugs (AHDs) and their combinations in participants aged 35 to74 years with arterial hypertension (AH) in the population-based study ESSE-RF3.Material and methods. Representative samples of the population aged 35 to 74 years from 15 regions of Russia (n=28731) with a response rate over 70% were examined in the ESSE-RF3 study. Therapy received by 9944 participants with AH (with systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or when the subject was taking AHDs) was analyzed. Information about AHDs intake (brand name of the drug) was recorded by questionnaire and coded according to International Nonproprietary Names by classes. Statistical analysis was performed using the open-source R 4.1 environment. Comparison of discrete indicators between groups was performed using Fisher’s exact test. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was taken as.05. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of FGBI “NMRC TPM” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, each participant signed an informed consent.Results. Among the patients receiving therapy for AH, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) were used by 38.8% of participants, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) — 31.6%, betablockers (BBs) — 29.0%, сalcium channel blockers (CCBs) — 21.5%, diuretics — 18.6%, 1.1% — outdated AHDs; 8.6% — other groups of drugs. Monotherapy was used by 53.1% of patients, 33.1% of participants received two, and 13.9% received three AHDs. Among participants taking two or more AHDs (including single-pill combinations (SPC)), males most often received the combination of BB+ ACEI and females — BB+ARBs. SPC AHDs were used by 10.3% of those receiving therapy (males: 9.8%, females: 10.6%). Among SPCs, the top three combinations were CCBs + ACEIs (28%), diuretics + ACEIs (27.5%), and diuretics + ARBs (24.4%).Conclusion. The population study ESSE-RF3, based on the survey of a representative sample of the Russian population aged 35-74 years, showed that more than a half of participants with AH receiving therapy were used the monotherapy, only every tenth of those treated received SPC. The problem of insufficient patients’ literacy was indicated — about 1% of patients received outdated AGPs. In addition, 8.6% of patients used non-AHDs for the treatment of AH. For improving the control of AH treatment, it is necessary to increase the adherence of patients to the prescribed therapy and more strict adherence of doctors to the published guidelines for AH treatment.