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Heparin cofactor (HCII) is a member of serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) family of genes which play a fundamental physiological role in different biological processes including hemostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to cloning a partial nucleotide sequence of Nile Tilapia HCII cDNA and examine its expression level in the liver tissue following the intracoelomic injection of benzo-a-pyrene BaP. The cloned nucleotide sequence contained 972 bp representing a 666 bp of the Open Reading Frame (ORF) encodes for 221 amino acids and a stop codon and a 306 bp of the 3′ noncoding region. The amino acids sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis showed a close relationship between tilapia and Pundamilia nyererei serpind1 sequences. Realtime-PCR results showed high expression level (6.2) of Serpind1 mRNA in the liver of the BaP-treated fish compared with the control group suggesting the physiological role of HCII in tilapia. The study proposed the use of tilapia fish as a mammalian hemostasis model depending on the hemostatic genes homology analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of chlorpyrifos (0.01-0.5 mg/L) on differential expression of CYP1 genes in exposed-fish tissues for 5 days and characteristics of the intrinsic variations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and recovery in medaka fish tissues were evaluated for 20 days. Javanese medaka CYP1 genes transcript expression was detected in all tissues, including the liver, gill and intestine of the fish exposed to different concentrations of the insecticide for 5 days. The CYP1A gene induction level in each tissue increased with higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos. CYP1B1 transcription was detected in all of observed tissues. The CYP1C1 transcription in all evaluated tissues increased 2- to 5-fold at all chlorpyrifos levels after 1 day of exposure. Significant effects and interactions of the insecticide concentrations and exposure time were found in fish tissues AChE activity. A trend occurred in which AChE inhibition increased with higher insecticide concentrations and exposure duration. Tissue AChE activity was significantly inhibited after 1 day of exposure to the chemical, but liver AChE activity showed the lowest concentration. Recovery was occurred after holding the fish in clean water for 5 days, but the activity in all exposure groups was still significantly lower than that in the control group. Full recovery was only found in liver AChE activity after keeping the fish in clean water for 15 days at the lowest concentration. The findings of the study can serve as sensitive multi-biomarkers to characterize toxicological impacts and monitor aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CYP1 family genes are the most well-studied CYP genes in vertebrates; however, information on CYP1 genes in Javanese medaka is relatively scarce. In this study, we reported on the CYP1 mRNAs expression patterns as a result of exposure to two kind of oil polluted waters, such as water accommodated fraction and bioremediation of heavy fuel oil in Javanese medaka adults and embryos. The results indicated that adult Javanese medaka CYP1 A; CYP1B1 and CYP 1C1 transcripts were all detected in the liver exposed to water-accommodated fraction of heavy fuel oil. CYP1A and CYP1B1 transcripts were the most highly expressed in the gill, while the highest expression found in the liver and down-regulated in the gill for CYP1C1. Expression of the CYP1 genes in embryos 10 days post-fertilization through bioremediation of heavy oil-polluted seawater indicated that the CYP1A transcripts were detected in all the treatments, while CYP1B1 and CYP1C1 expression were down-regulated. The developmental variations of CYP1 genes expression suggest a molecular mechanism for the stage-specific susceptibility of the fish exposed to different routes of heavy fuel oil and may be useful biomarkers for oil-contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CYP1 family, one of the gene families of the CYP superfamily, has four subfamilies deposited in the GenBank/EMBL so far; CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C, and the newly identified CYP1D. The metabolic activation and elimination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and aryl amines from fish body is largely mediated by the CYP enzymes. A new cDNA of the CYP1B subfamily encoding CYP1B1 was isolated from Japanese eel liver after a single intraperitoneal injection of β-naphthoflavone (BNF). The full-length cDNA obtained was 2985 bp and contained a 5' noncoding region of 294 bp, an open reading frame of 1626 bp coding for 541 amino acids and a stop codon and a 3' noncoding region of 1065 bp. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was approximately 61.27 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of Japanese eel CYP1B1 showed 62% similarity to three-spined stickleback CYP1B1 and zebrafish CYP1B1. It exhibited similarities of 66% with that of killifish, Indian medaka and our previously reported carp CYP1B1 and -1B2 while the higher similarities (67 and 69%) of the deduced amino acids was observed with that of Nile tilapia CYP1B1 and rainbow trout respectively. The percent identities of Japanese eel CYP1B1 cDNA showed similarities with those of the reported CYP1Bs of mammals of 57, 57, and 56% for human, rat, and mouse CYP1B1, respectively. Japanese eel CYP1B1 was aligned with the CYP1 sequences and has been deposited in the GenBank/EMBL data bank with the accession number AY518340. The phylogenetic tree constructed using the previously reported CYP1B sequences of mammals and fish suggested the closer relationship of the newly identified Japanese eel CYP1B1 to rainbow trout CYP1B1. QRT-PCR analysis of liver, kidney, gills and intestine revealed a distinct induced expression in liver, kidney and gills (71.93, 3.87 and 539.56 respectively) while the constitutive expression (0.062) was observed in intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]