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This paper explores the rising tensions between efficiency and resilience in global value chains (GVCs) in the post-COVID-19 world and discusses their potential implications for managing and coordinating GVCs. It considers efficiency and resilience in GVCs in relation to each other and explores the possibility of tensions between the two concepts. Particularly, it is argued that, while efficiency and resilience in GVCs may be at odds with each other in the short-term, they are not necessarily mutually exclusive in the long run. The paper adds to the discussions of trade-offs involved in managing contemporary GVCs and offers a new perspective on the interplay between efficiency and resilience. Embedded in the discussion of resilience vis-a-vis efficiency, we also provide a long-term perspective to prepare for and deal with global pandemics--or other risks--in an increasingly interconnected world. We lay out decisions and steps involved in finding the balance between efficiency and resilience, as both need to be maintained concurrently over longer periods. Keywords: efficiency, global value chains, post-COVID-19, resilience, 1. Introduction Globalization has so far enabled firms to optimize their value chains economically. Many firms have been able to fine-slice their value-creating activities, such as product or service design, [...]

Background: Compulsory citizenship behaviors (CCBs) are increasingly endorsed and expected of workers in contexts where managerial worker protections are low and performance demands on workers are high. Although studies on compulsory citizenship behaviors have shown a significant increase in recent years, the literature still lacks a comprehensive meta-analysis. To fill this gap the purpose of this study is to synthesize the collective outcomes of prior quantitative research on CCBs with the objective of identifying the factors linked to the concept and offering a primary reference for future researchers. Methods: Forty-three different correlates with CCBs were synthesized. The dataset of this meta-analysis consists of 53 independent samples with a sample size of 17.491, contributing to 180 effect sizes. PRISMA flow diagram and PICOS framework were used for the study design. Result: Results showed only gender and age were significant among demographic characteristics related to CCBs. Correlates between CCBs and counterproductive workplace behaviors, felt obligation, work-family conflict, organizational-based self-esteem, organizational cynicism, burnout, anger toward the organization, and work alienation were found as large. We also found turnover intention, moral disengagement, careerism, abusive supervision, citizenship pressure, job stress, facades of conformity, and feeling trusted to be moderately related to CCBs. Next, there was a small relationship between CCBs and social loafing. On the other hand, LMX, psychological safety, organizational identification, organizational justice, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job autonomy were found as significant deterrents of CCBs. These results suggest that CCBs flourish in contexts with low levels of worker protection and low road practices to people management. Conclusion: In sum, we found solid cumulative evidence that CCBs are a harmful and undesirable phenomenon for employees and organizations. Also, positive correlations of felt obligation, feeling trusted, and organization-based self-esteem with CCBs, showed that, contrary to general acceptance, positive factors could also cause CCBs. Lastly, we found CCBs as a dominant phenomenon in eastern culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study seeks to evaluate the awareness and knowledge levels of mothers with children younger than three years old about breast milk and vitamin D. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire containing 14 questions was administered to 405 women who applied to a district state hospital in Turkey. Analyses were conducted using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) 22.0 application. Results: The knowledge level of the mothers whose education level is high school and above was significantly higher than that of the mothers whose education level is secondary school and below (p=0.005). There was a significant difference between the economic status of mothers in terms of knowledge score (p<0.001). The knowledge score of the mothers who used vitamin D in their last pregnancy was higher than those who did not (p=0.028). The knowledge score of the mothers who gave vitamin D to their last baby was significantly higher than those who did not (p=0.019). There was a significant difference regarding the knowledge score according to the last baby's first six months of nutritional status (p<0.001) and the number of taking the baby out for vitamin D (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to inform mothers, fathers, and family elders about breast milk and vitamin D starting from pregnancy. Family physicians, health workers, obstetricians, and pediatricians should constantly emphasize the importance of breast milk and vitamin D supplementation. Breast milk and vitamin D training should be organized regularly for health personnel. Pregnant classes and pregnancy school programs in wellness centers and hospitals should be used more effectively. As far as possible, healthy pediatric outpatient clinics should be opened in all hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies conducted in the health sector have determined a positive relationship between job satisfaction and work engagement. However, this paper reveals that this relationship turns into a negative or non-significant relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explore the reasons for inconsistency in research findings in this critical period through a meta-analysis. Methods: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and PICO framework. Online databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and additional records from other databases were searched without any time limitation, and all studies published in English that reported the correlation between work engagement and job satisfaction were included in the analysis. In total, 36 individual correlation coefficients were synthesized. R statistical language was used to analyze the data. Result: A total of 36 studies with a sample size of 16,087 were synthesized. The overall effect size was found as r = 0.57 (95% CI [0.50-0.64]). While the moderating effect of national culture was not statistically significant, presence of COVID-19 as the significant moderator explained 37.08% of effect size heterogeneity. Such that the presence of COVID-19 has transformed the positive relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction into a negative but statistically non-significant relationship. Conclusion: This study empirically challenges the existing assumptions about the positive link between work engagement and job satisfaction. The results of the research can be a guide for managers and policymakers. Specifically, based on these results, different mechanisms can be put in place to support work engagement and, in turn, job satisfaction in the COVID-19 process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the social cyberloafing (SC) scale as an important predictor of the mental health of healthcare employees. Methods: The data for this descriptive cross‐sectional study was obtained from 202 Turkish healthcare employees. We followed Dima's 6‐step protocol for validation. Findings: The one‐dimensional structure of the scale was found to be homogenous (H = 0.54) and reliable (α = 0.87). The CFA demonstrated that the 7‐item and one‐factor construct was a valid instrument to measure the SC (GFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.09). Practical Implications: These results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the SC scale is an accurate measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The veined Rapa whelk, Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846), have a significant commercial value in Turkey. This study was carried out between December 2013 and November 2014 in the Black Sea. R. venosa was collected to determine the reproductive cycle, the gonadosomatic index, gonad index. Monthly variation in gonad development stages revealed that R. venosa has an annual reproductive cycle and long gonadal activity period. Spawning occurred mainly between May and July and peaked in July and in September. The gonad development stages of males and females differed significantly (P<0.05) between months. In November, 1 out of 30 samples were found as a hermaphrodite, containing both sperm and eggs in the same area. Male individuals were dominant during the study period (1.0:2.4 female: male). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science & Mathematics Education is the property of Balikesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: This meta-analytic review aimed to synthesize and analyse studies that explored the relationship between nurses' work-family conflicts and turnover intentions. Design: This meta-analytical review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and PRISMA checklist. Data Sources: A total of 191 (k = 14) publications published between 2005 and 2019 in English, including grey literature on turnover intention and work-family conflict, were retrieved from PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus databases. Review Methods: Studies on the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention were summarized. Results: An overall effect size of r = .28 (N = 5781, 95% CI [0.23-0.33]) was obtained, indicating a moderate, positive and significant relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention. The moderator analysis showed that individualism and long-term orientation accounted for 90% of effect size heterogeneity of work-family conflict and turnover intention relationship. Conclusion: Exploring the correlation between work-family conflict and turnover intention can provide guidelines and recommendations for the development of strategies to promote nurse retention and alleviate the nursing shortage. National culture, particularly individualism and long-term orientation, were found to play a significant moderator role in this relationship. Cultures that are highly individualistic and have a long-term orientation have a diminishing effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention. Impact: Work-family conflict and turnover intention are significantly correlated factors regardless of the studies' cultural characteristics examined in this study. Policymakers and managers should consider this finding and develop strategies that provide a balance-oriented work design to prevent nurse shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was performed in Çanakkale Strait from September 2012 to August 2013. Biochemical composition (protein, total lipid, moisture, and ash), condition index, and meat yield of Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis in the net systems hung out the open sea cage units monthly. The mean condition index and meat yield of M. galloprovincialis were found 8.12±0.48 and 16.07±0.70%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between condition index and protein, carbohydrate, and meat yield whereas a negative correlation was seen between condition index and weight, length, lipid, moisture, and ash. In terms of seasons, condition index and protein values were high in autumn, lipid values in summer, and carbohydrate values in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationship between presenteeism and the conscientiousness trait as an individual-level predictor of employee health and productivity. We used convenience sampling to recruit 168 Turkish health employees, who completed measures of conscientiousness and presenteeism. The findings revealed that in a work outcomes context, the conscientiousness trait was positively related to the noncompletion of work dimension of presenteeism, the focus of which is on work outcomes. However, the relationship between the conscientiousness trait and the distraction dimension of presenteeism was nonsignificant. Our findings have implications for managers and organizations, who should be proactive in taking preventative precautions to mitigate the possible negative effects of presenteeism behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Previous theoretical explanations and empirical analyses of the multinationality-performance relationship have produced mixed arguments and results. Linear and curvilinear relationships have been theorized and confirmed empirically. This study aims to reconcile earlier mixed findings by incorporating the role of entry mode choice as a moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach - Extensive literature survey is conducted in order to provide an explanation for the different performance patterns of internationalization via licensing, joint venture and wholly owned subsidiary. Findings - Based on the assumptions of Transaction Cost Economics and Organizational Capability perspectives, several research propositions about the multinationality-performance relationship are formulated, which provide a more fine-tuned approach to the performance implications of multinationality. Originality/value - This paper contributes to multinationality-performance debate by showing that the impact of multinationality depends on the firm-level strategies implemented while going international; to be more precise, the net benefits from multinationality are likely to vary for different modes of foreign market entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between physicochemical parameters and morphometric and reproduction features of the crayfishes (Astacus leptodactylus) in Yenice Central Irrigation Pond. Results of MDS analysis revealed that the relationships between physicochemical parameters and morphometric features and reproduction features in crayfishes could be explained at diff erent rates. Reproduction features such as fecundity and sperm production, were within a close relationship with temperature, magnesium, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and the abdomen weight, carapace weight, abdominal width, carapace width, abdomen length, carapace length from morphometric features were within a close relationship especially with dissolved oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and temperature. These relationships could play an important role while considering the selection of maternal females for cultural environments and for the management of productive population, and for the selection of water sources that can be effective for populations that is generated by vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted in Dardanelles between October 2007 and August 2009 when condition index, meat yield, biochemical compositions and environmental parameters of seawater were investigated and the study area was found to have available conditions for cultivation. Investigation of the study area showed a positive correlation in particular among condition index, seasonal variation of temperature, protein, fat and chlorophyll-a; a negative correlation was seen between them and carbohydrate value. It was clear from the two years study that the most ideal period for oyster harvest is April and August especially when condition index was maximum followed by a winter with no oyster yield is available in terms of the related processes involving oyster cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to investigate relationships between some morphological and reproductive traits of the Turkish crayfish, A. leptodactylus, collected from a controlled irrigation lake in the Yenice province (Canakkale, Turkey), between July 2007 and June 2008. For this objective, two multivariate analysis techniques, namely canonical correlation analysis and multivariate multiple linear regression analysis, were used. The results of the canonical correlation analysis have shown that the morphological traits may be used to predict the changes in the reproductive traits. For instance, canonical correlation analysis results suggested that the egg weight and the number of eggs are related to the total length, carapace length, and carapace width. The results of multivariate multiple linear regression analysis, on the other hand, show a slightly different picture. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that both canonical correlation and multivariate regression results can be taken into consideration together when investigating the relations between two variable sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the sonographic findings of biliary fascioliasis. Method: The study included 27 patients with fascioliasis and abdominal sonographic findings in biliary system. All diagnoses were confirmed via serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 5 patients underwent cholecystectomy. Sonographic findings in the biliary system were defined as primary and secondary. Results: Primary findings included spontaneously moving echogenic structures, linear echoes, curvilinear echoes, oval-shaped echogenic structure, matted echogenic particle, echogenic particle adherent to the gallbladder wall, motionless freely floating round echogenic foci, and leaf-like echogenic structures. Secondary findings were dilatation or wall thickening of the biliary system. In the liver, multiple confluent subcapsular nodules were also noted on sonography and CT in 14 of 27 patients. Conclusion: Sonography can detect biliary system lesions in fascioliasis and can aid diagnosis of the disease. However, the radiologist should be familiar with the different sonographic appearances of biliary fascioliasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial lipomas are rare congenital malformations. They are usually pericallosal asymptomatic midline lesions. Other brain malformations are often seen in association with intracranial lipomas. We describe the findings of imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and MR angiography, along with a brief review of the literature. The frequency and the spectrum of the associated brain malformations are also discussed. We retrospectively reviewed CT and MR findings of 24 patients (14 female, 10 male, mean age 38.6 years) diagnosed with intracranial lipoma between December 2000 and June 2004 in two different radiology departments. Seventeen of the patients were diagnosed using cranial MR and seven with cranial CT. The CT density of all lesions was measured. Imaging characteristics of lipomas, morphological findings and associated malformations were described. The intracranial locations of the lipomas were left-sided quadrigeminal cistern ( n=3), right-sided quadrigeminal cistern ( n=4), interpeduncular cistern ( n=1), sylvian fissure ( n=3), interhemispheric fissure ( n=3), choroid plexus ( n=2), intercerebellar fissure ( n=3), corpus fornicis ( n=1) and the periphery of the corpus callosum ( n=4). Eighteen of the intracranial lipomas were tubulonodular; six were curvilinear. Associated anomalies were observed in six patients. All of the patients with sylvian fissure lipoma had seizures. The two preferential sites of intracranial lipomas were pericallosal and dorsal mesencephalic. Most intracranial lipomas are found incidentally during neuroradiological investigations. CT and MR examination usually lead to the diagnosis, because of the very low attenuation values of lipomas on CT and the short T1 and T2 on MR. Midline anomalies and other malformations such as aneurysms are frequently associated with intracranial lipomas. Careful radiologic evaluation is therefore necessary to evaluate associated pathologies. Sylvian fissure lipomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]