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为明确油茶果实的最佳采收期，以赣石83-4和赣石447油茶鲜果为原料，测定其不同成熟度下果实品质相关的表型性状、营养物质和种仁油中脂肪酸组成及含量的变化，并采用主成分分析法对2个品种不同成熟度油茶果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明：随着成熟度的增加，2个品种油茶果实的单果质量、含水率总体呈下降趋势，而鲜果出籽率、干籽出仁率则总体呈上升的趋势；赣石83-4种仁含油率在第四成熟度达到最大值（44.16%），而赣石447种仁含油率在第二成熟度达到最大值（48.56%）；赣石447和赣石83-4种仁可溶性糖含量随成熟度变化趋势不一致，前者在第四成熟度达到最大值（11.35%），后者在第五成熟度达到最大值（13.05%）；2个品种不同成熟度的油茶种仁蛋白质含量较低且总体上较稳定；2个品种油茶种仁油中脂肪酸组成及含量存在差异，随着成熟度的增加，油酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量持续增加，而亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量降低，饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的变化幅度较小，分别维持在11%和89%左右；主成分分析结果表明，赣石83-4和赣石447的最佳采收期分别在第五成熟度和第四成熟度。综上，赣石83-4和赣石447油茶在较高成熟度时果实品质更优。 In order to clarify the best harvest time of Camellia oleifera fruit, the changes of the phenotypic traits, nutrients and fatty acid composition and content of seed kernel oil of Ganshi 83-4 and Ganshi 447 were determined at different maturity, and the quality of the two varieties of Camellia oleifera fruits at different maturity were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that with the increase of maturity, the single fruit quality and moisture content of the two varieties of Camellia oleifera fruits showed an overall decreasing trend, while the seed yield of fresh fruits and kernel yield of dry seed showed an overall increasing trend. The oil content of Ganshi 83-4 kernels reached the maximum (44.16%) at the fourth maturity, while the oil content of Ganshi 447 kernels reached the maximum (48.56%) at the second maturity. The soluble sugar content of Ganshi 447 and Ganshi 83-4 kernels were inconsistent with maturity, but the maximum values (11.35%) appeared at the fourth maturity of the former and that was 13.05% at the fifth maturity of the latter. The protein content of the seed kernels of the two varieties of Camellia oleifera at different maturity was low and generally stable. The fatty acid composition and content of the seed kernel oil of the two varieties of Camellica oleifera was different. With the increase of maturity, the contents of oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid increased, the contents of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid decreased, while the contents of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid varied to a less extent, maintaining about 11% and 89%, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the optimal harvest time of Ganshi 83-4 and Ganshi 447 were at the fifth and fourth maturity levels, respectively. In conclusion, Ganshi 83-4 and Ganshi 447 Camellia oleifera had better fruit quality at higher maturity.

WRKY transcription factors play a central role in controlling plant organ senescence; however, it is unclear whether and how they regulate petal senescence in the widely grown ornamental plant tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). In this study, we report that TgWRKY75 promotes petal senescence by enhancing the synthesis of both abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tulip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression level of TgWRKY75 was up-regulated in senescent petals, and exogenous ABA or SA treatment induced its expression. The endogenous contents of ABA and SA significantly increased during petal senescence and in response to TgWRKY75 overexpression. Two SA synthesis-related genes, TgICS1 and TgPAL1 , were identified as direct targets of TgWRKY75, which binds to their promoters. In parallel, TgWRKY75 activated the expression of the ABA biosynthesis-related gene TgNCED3 via directly binding to its promoter region. Site mutation of the W-box core motif located in the promoters of TgICS1 , TgPAL1 , and TgNCED3 eliminated their interactions with TgWRKY75. In summary, our study demonstrates a dual regulation of ABA and SA biosynthesis by TgWRKY75, revealing a synergistic process of tulip petal senescence through feedback regulation between TgWRKY75 and the accumulation of ABA and SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gibberellins (GAs) play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth and development. Glucose–conjugated gibberellins (Glc–GAs), a prevalent conjugated form of GAs, regulate intracellular GA levels by the coupling and decoupling of glucose groups. However, the diversity of Glc–GAs identified within individual species remains limited, hinting at a multitude of yet undiscovered gibberellin metabolites. This lacuna poses considerable impediments to research efforts dedicated to comprehensively delineating the GA metabolic pathway. In this study, we developed a structure–oriented screening and identification method for Glc–GAs in plant species by employing LC–MS/MS coupled with chemical derivatization. Through the application of chemical derivatization technique, carboxyl groups on Glc–GAs were labeled which effectively enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of mass spectrometry detection for these compounds. Concurrently, the integration of mass spectrometry fragmentation and chromatographic retention behavior facilitated the efficient screening and identification of potential Glc–GAs. With this strategy, we screened and identified 12 potential Glc–GAs from six plant species. These findings expand the Glc–GA diversity in plants and contribute to understanding GA metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a condition in which the linea alba is stretched and widened, and the abdominal muscles are separated from each other. DRA typically occurs in pregnant and postpartum women. We aimed to determine the risk factors and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of DRA in Chinese postpartum women.Methods: This observational study was conducted in Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and involved 534 women who filled out the following risk-factor and PRO questionnaires: SF-MPQ-2, SF-ICIQ, LDQ, EPDS, MBIS, HerQles, and SF-36 (all Chinese versions). The inter-recti distance was measured by palpation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v25.0 software and the Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis (for risk factors of DRA), and the Kendall and Spearman tests (for correlation analysis).Results: After childbirth, 78.1% (417/534) of the enrolled women had DRA. Abdominal surgery (P = 0.002), number of pregnancies (P = 0.035), parity (P = 0.012), number of births (P = 0.02), fetal birth weight (P = 0.014), and waist-to-hip ratio in the supine position (P = 0.045) significantly differed between the DRA and non-DRA groups. Caesarean delivery was an independent risk factor for DRA. The PROs were significantly worse in the DRA group than in the non-DRA group.Conclusion: Caesarean delivery was an independent risk factor for DRA. Women with DRA are more likely to have limited physical activity or function after childbirth, lower self-confidence, and a decreased quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Docetaxel (DTX) is an artificial semi-synthetic second-generation taxane anti-tumor drug, which is suitable for the treatment of various cancers such as lung cancer. The route of administration of DTX formulations has been extended to oral, intravenous, and rectal, with few studies on pulmonary administration being reported. Here, we had developed DTX liposomes (DTX-lips) for pulmonary inhalation administration. The particle size of the preparation was 125 nm, the encapsulation efficiency was 94.4 ± 0.14%, and the drug loading capacity was 1.26 ± 0.01%. It had good stability. The fine particle fraction with aerodynamic diameter less than 6.4 μm accounts for 64.63 ± 0.12%, showed excellent aerosolization performance. DTX-lips were slow to release in simulated lung fluid. The fluorescence distribution experimented in mice and tissues showed that the fluorescence of the inhaled liposome group was mainly distributed in the lung, and the retention time was significantly prolonged as compared with those of the other two groups. No significant fluorescence was observed in other tissues, which was conducive to the full effect of the drug in the lung tissue. DTX-lips had no damage to respiratory system and whole body. These results indicated that the inhaled DTX-lips had good lung targeting, reduced accumulation in other organs, and improved the safety and effectiveness of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]