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The peel stripe margin pattern is one of the most important quality traits of watermelon. In this study, two contrasted watermelon lines [slb line (P1) with a clear peel stripe margin pattern and GWAS-38 line (P2) with a blurred peel stripe margin pattern] were crossed, and biparental F2 mapping populations were developed. Genetic segregation analysis revealed that a single recessive gene is modulating the main-effect genetic locus (Clcsm) of the clear stripe margin pattern of peel. Bulked segregant analysis-based sequencing (BSA-Seq) and fine genetic mapping exposed the delimited Clcsm locus to a 19.686-kb interval on chromosome 6, and the Cla97C06G126680 gene encoding the MYB transcription factor family was identified. The gene mutation analysis showed that two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) sites [Chr6:28438793 (A-T) and Chr6:28438845 (A-C)] contribute to the clear peel stripe margin pattern, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) also showed a higher expression trend in the slb line than in the GWAS-38 line. Further, comparative transcriptomic analysis identified major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three developmental periods [4, 12, and 20 days after pollination (DAP)] of both parental lines. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses indicated highly enriched DEGs involved in metabolic processes and catalytic activity. A total of 44 transcription factor families and candidate genes belonging to the ARR-B transcription factor family are believed to regulate the clear stripe margin trait of watermelon peel. The gene structure, sequence polymorphism, and expression trends depicted significant differences in the peel stripe margin pattern of both parental lines. The ClMYB36 gene showed a higher expression trend for regulating the clear peel stripe margin of the slb line, and the ClAPRR5 gene depicted a higher expression for modulating the blurred peel stripe margin in the GWAS-38 line. Overall, our fine genetic mapping and transcriptomic analysis revealed candidate genes differentiating the clear and blurred peel stripe patterns of watermelon fruit.

The wine flavour profile directly determines the overall quality of wine and changes significantly during bottle aging. Understanding the mechanism of flavour evolution during wine bottle aging is important for controlling wine quality through cellar management. This literature review summarises the changes in volatile compounds and non-volatile compounds that occur during wine bottle aging, discusses chemical reaction mechanisms, and outlines the factors that may affect this evolution. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding of bottle aging management and to identify the current literature gaps for future research.

BackgroundSerum autoantibodies (AAbs) against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) could be useful biomarkers for cancer detection. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of autoantibody against PDLIM1 for improving the detection of ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) test in tissue array containing 280 OC tissues, 20 adjacent tissues, and 8 normal ovarian tissues was performed to analyze the expression of PDLIM1 in tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the autoantibody to PDLIM1 in 545 sera samples from 182 patients with OC, 181 patients with ovarian benign diseases, and 182 healthy controls.ResultsThe results of IHC indicated that 84.3% (236/280) OC tissues were positively stained with PDLIM1, while no positive staining was found in adjacent or normal ovarian tissues. The frequency of anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody was significantly higher in OC patients than that in healthy and ovarian benign controls in both training (n=122) and validation (n=423) sets. The area under the curves (AUCs) of anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody for discriminating OC from healthy controls were 0.765 in training set and 0.740 in validation set, and the AUC of anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody for discriminating OC from ovarian benign controls was 0.757 in validation set. Overall, it was able to distinguish 35.7% of OC, 40.6% of patients with early-stage, and 39.5% of patients with late-stage. When combined with CA125, the AUC increased to 0.846, and 79.2% of OC were detected, which is statistically higher than CA125 (61.7%) or anti-PDLIM1(35.7%) alone (p

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAbs) can be used as potential biomarkers in the detection of cancer. Our study aims to identify novel TAAbs for gastric cancer (GC) based on human proteomic chips and construct a diagnostic model to distinguish GC from healthy controls (HCs) based on serum TAAbs. The human proteomic chips were used to screen the candidate TAAbs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to verify and validate the titer of the candidate TAAbs in the verification cohort (80 GC cases and 80 HCs) and validation cohort (192 GC cases, 128 benign gastric disease cases, and 192 HCs), respectively. Then, the diagnostic model was established by Logistic regression analysis based on OD values of candidate autoantibodies with diagnostic value. Eleven candidate TAAbs were identified, including autoantibodies against INPP5A, F8, NRAS, MFGE8, PTP4A1, RRAS2, RGS4, RHOG, SRARP, RAC1, and TMEM243 by proteomic chips. The titer of autoantibodies against INPP5A, F8, NRAS, MFGE8, PTP4A1, and RRAS2 were significantly higher in GC cases while the titer of autoantibodies against RGS4, RHOG, SRARP, RAC1, and TMEM243 showed no difference in the verification group. Next, six potential TAAbs were validated in the validation cohort. The titer of autoantibodies against F8, NRAS, MFGE8, RRAS2, and PTP4A1 was significantly higher in GC cases. Finally, an optimal prediction model with four TAAbs (anti-NRAS, anti-MFGE8, anti-PTP4A1, and anti-RRAS2) showed an optimal diagnostic performance of GC with AUC of 0.87 in the training group and 0.83 in the testing group. The proteomic chip approach is a feasible method to identify TAAbs for the detection of cancer. Moreover, the panel consisting of anti-NRAS, anti-MFGE8, anti-PTP4A1, and anti-RRAS2 may be useful to distinguish GC cases from HCs.