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Aluminum alloy 5A02 with low plasticity was used as target sheet, and stainless steel SUS304 with good plasticity was used as overlapping sheet to investigate the effect of interface friction on bulging formability and microstructure of target sheet in overlapping sheets bulging process. Sheet sliding experiment was performed to measure interface friction coefficient of 5A02/SUS304 in different lubricating conditions and normal pressure. Overlapping sheets bulging experiment of 5A02/SUS304 was carried out to investigate the influence of interface friction on limit bulging height, wall thickness distribution, microstructure and fracture morphology of 5A02 bulging specimens. The results showed that increase of the interface friction coefficient of 5A02/SUS304 could effectively improve the limit bulging height and deformation uniformity of 5A02. And the fracture style of 5A02 transformed from toughness fracture of dimples-micropores gathered to fault slip separation fracture. Therefore, target sheet bulging formability is improved with the increase of interface friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese traditional Yao meat (salted pork in jelly) is a popular food product with a unique taste and high nourishing value. Exploration of the microbial ecosystem in vacuum packaged Yao meat during refrigeration was conducted by high-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the16S rRNA gene. A total of 673,965 sequences from 15 DNA samples were analyzed. More than 226 bacterial genera belonging to 13 phyla were identified, some of them typically associated with meat spoilage. The microbial community at the start of the experiment showed the lowest genetic diversity and was dominated by Bacillus . After one-week of refrigeration, Moraxellaceae, including Acinetobacter , Psychrobacter and other members, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae were the prevalent groups. The microbial community reached its highest diversity after two weeks in refrigerated storage. In the later stages of the storage period, an undetermined species of Enterobacteriaceae became predominant, and we suggest that this is the main contributor to Yao meat spoilage. Moreover, the community composition at the end of the experimental storage period was significantly different from that of previous time points. In conclusion, this meta-genomic analysis provides researchers and food industry with useful information regarding spoilage management of Yao meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MPT64 is one of the secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Little is known about its role in infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we demonstrated that MPT64 could dose-dependently inhibit the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by PPD-BCG. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of bcl-2 increased in macrophages treated with MPT64 compared with PPD-treated cells. Furthermore, the results provided strong evidence that bcl-2 up-regulation was positively controlled by miRNA-21. Finally, NF-κB was identified as the transcription factor for miRNA-21 using a ChIP assay. It can be concluded from our study that MPT64 could inhibit the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages through the NF-κB-miRNA21-Bcl-2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• IL-36α is negatively associated with tumor distal metastasis and TNM stage in CRC. • Overexpression of IL-36α could inhibit the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. • The proliferation and function of CD8+ T lymphocytes is increased in CT26-IL-36α tumor. Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, and the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets is vital. Interleukin-36α (IL-36α) is a proinflammatory factor that can initiate the inflammatory response and promote the systemic T helper-1 (Th1) immune response. In this study, we investigated the immunological role of IL-36α in CRC. We found that IL-36α was downregulated in human CRC tissues. Patients with high IL-36α levels showed better survival and low IL-36α expression was significantly associated with greater tumor distal metastasis and TNM stage. We constructed two cell lines overexpressing IL-36α (CT26-IL-36α and HT29-IL-36α cells). In vitro assays revealed that IL-36α overexpression reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CT26-IL-36α, and HT29-IL-36α cells. Using CT26-vector and CT26-IL-36α tumor mouse model and lung metastasis models, we found that IL-36α overexpression elicited a significant antitumor effect and inhibited lung metastasis in vivo. These inhibitory effects were associated with an increase in the number of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes within the tumor tissue as well as increased cytokine production in CD8+ T lymphocytes present in the tumor, spleen, and draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, we revealed that CT26-IL-36α cells enhanced the secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 from chemotactic CD8+ T lymphocytes, as compared with CT26-vector cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-36α is a promising therapeutic agent for targeting CRC by promoting the activation, proliferation, and tumor infiltration of T lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel thin-film apparatus with quartz optical fibers for UV-light delivery was tested for its potential to inactivate bacteria in beer. Its suitability for application could be shown in experiments with Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus brevis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and naturally contaminating microorganisms as test microorganisms. We have optimized the optical-fiber distribution density (ODD) and thin-film thickness for treating beer. The apparatus could reduce counts of inoculated E. coli and L. brevis in beer from approximately 106 CFU/ml to below 1×101 CFU/ml and from approximately 104 CFU/ml to non-detectable limits at UV doses of 16.1 and 9.7mJ/cm2 by the thin-film apparatus respectively. The reduction of S. cerevisiae was not so efficient. Naturally contaminating lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae in draft beer could be effectively inactivated. Furthermore, the beneficial yeasts in the draft beer were scarcely inactivated. These results implicate that application of this novel apparatus provides a promising approach to improving microbial safety and extending shelf-life of draft beer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The safety of crews is the primary concern in the manned lunar landing project, particularly during re-entry as the manned spacecraft returns from a direct Lunar-Earth trajectory. This paper analyzed the crew's chest biomechanical response to assess potential injuries caused by acceleration loads during the re-entry phase. Initially, a sophisticated finite element model of the chest was constructed, whose effectiveness was verified by experiments involving vertebral range of motion, rib lateral rupture, and chest frontal impact. The model was then subjected to the return re-entry loads simulating the Apollo and Chang'e 5 T1 (CE-5T1) test returner to specifically analyze the correlation between the acceleration load and the injury of the crew's chest tissues and organs. The results indicate that the biomechanical response of crew chest bone tissue under the two return missions is within the threshold value and will not directly cause damage. Compared to the Apollo mission, the CE-5T1 mission's load poses a higher risk to internal organs. These findings can enhance the crew's safety and provide reliable assurance for future space exploration., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Peng, Yao, Zhou and Guo.)

MPT64 is one of the secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Little is known about its role in infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we demonstrated that MPT64 could dose-dependently inhibit the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by PPD-BCG. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of bcl-2 increased in macrophages treated with MPT64 compared with PPD-treated cells. Furthermore, the results provided strong evidence that bcl-2 up-regulation was positively controlled by miRNA-21. Finally, NF-κB was identified as the transcription factor for miRNA-21 using a ChIP assay. It can be concluded from our study that MPT64 could inhibit the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages through the NF-κB-miRNA21-Bcl-2 pathway.