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The late 1990s saw the emergence on the Chinese poetry scene of a phenomenon called “Poetry of the Nineties” (九十年代诗歌). This happened before the decade in question had reached its end. Different from what one might expect, the expression does not denote a simple calendar chronology – as in poetry written in the 1990s – but instead points to a literary-critical category, and more specifically to a particular poetics and a network of associated authors and critics. This discrepancy of calendar chronology and literary criticism offers a point of entry into a pivotal moment in critical discourse on contemporary Chinese poetry. Pivotal as it may be, this moment has remained underresearched to date, especially as regards its history, which goes back to the 1980s, and as regards its consequences, which continue to affect scholarship today. The present study addresses this blind spot by asking: What does “Poetry of the Nineties” signify, to whom, and to what effect? It engages with this question by investigating how poetry written in the 1990s is represented in 21st-century Chinese scholarship, and how this representation can be explained.

PPV-based copolymers containing phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5, 5-dioxide moieties have been successfully synthesized by Wittig-Horner reaction and characterized by means of UV-vis, photoluminescence, electroluminescence spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. All of these copolymers can be dissolved in common organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene. The PL maxima in the film state are located at 582, 556, and 552 nm for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The HOMO and LUMO levels of P2 are found to be -5.21 and -2.68 eV, respectively; whereas those of P3 are found to be -5.26 and -2.71 eV, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry result indicates that the conversion of electron-donating sulfide to electronwithdrawing sulfoxide or sulfone group in polymers plays a dominating role in increasing its oxidation potential. Yellowish-green light ranging from 568 to 540 nm was observed for the single layer device with the configuration of ITO/Polymer/Ca/Al. Double layer devices with Zn (BTZ)2 as a hole blocking layer exhibited enhanced EL performance compared to the single layer devices. The maximum brightness of the double layer devices of P1, P2, and P3 is 278, 400, and 796 cd/m2, respectively. The results of EL and electrochemical analyses revealed that they are promising candidate materials for organic, light-emitting diodes with hole-transporting ability.

Osteoporotic fractures are a major clinical problem and current diagnostic tools have an accuracy of only 50%. The aim of this study was to validate dual energy X-rays absorptiometry (DXA)-based finite element (FE) models to predict femoral strength in two loading configurations. Thirty-six pairs of fresh frozen human proximal femora were scanned with DXA and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). For each pair one femur was tested until failure in a one-legged standing configuration (STANCE) and one by replicating the position of the femur in a fall onto the greater trochanter (SIDE). Subject-specific 2D DXA-based linear FE models and 3D QCT-based nonlinear FE models were generated for each specimen and used to predict the measured femoral strength. The outcomes of the models were compared to standard DXA-based areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurements. For the STANCE configuration the DXA-based FE models (R(2)=0.74, SEE=1473N) outperformed the best densitometric predictor (Neck_aBMD, R(2)=0.66, SEE=1687N) but not the QCT-based FE models (R(2)=0.80, SEE=1314N). For the SIDE configuration both QCT-based FE models (R(2)=0.85, SEE=455N) and DXA neck aBMD (R(2)=0.80, SEE=502N) outperformed DXA-based FE models (R(2)=0.77, SEE=529N). In both configurations the DXA-based FE model provided a good 1:1 agreement with the experimental data (CC=0.87 for SIDE and CC=0.86 for STANCE), with proper optimization of the failure criteria. In conclusion we found that the DXA-based FE models are a good predictor of femoral strength as compared with experimental data ex vivo. However, it remains to be investigated whether this novel approach can provide good predictions of the risk of fracture in vivo.