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The parameters and modes of extraction of stevioside – hydromodule, temperature and duration of the process were selected in the work. The object of the study was dried stevia leaves of the Ramon Sweetmeat variety. The determination of diterpene glycosides in the extract was carried out by the modified Komissarenko method. To optimize the technological parameters of extraction, regression models of the second order were built using orthogonal central composition planning. The degree of crushing of stevia leaves was 1-3 mm. The extraction at a temperature below 76 ° C reduces the amount of diterpene glycosides in the aqueous extract, and an increase in the extraction temperature above 92 ° C does not increase the yield of glycoside. The maximum extraction of diterpene glycosides is achieved at an extraction temperature of 92 ° C. When selecting a hydromodule, extraction was carried out at the ratio of stevia leaves and water 1:5, 1:10, 1:15. The highest yield of extractive substances was observed with a hydromodule of 1:10. With an increase in the duration of extraction from 60 to 180 minutes, an increase in the extract is observed. The optimal duration of the extraction process is 120 min. Based on the experimental data obtained, a second-order mathematical model was constructed, suitable for optimizing the process of obtaining stevia extract. The main factors influencing the process of stevioside transition from leaves to solution were considered: extraction temperature, °C; extraction duration, min; hydromodule. The criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the extraction process were: the yield of diterpene glycosides % by weight of stevia and energy consumption kW/dm3 extract. The first criterion is desirable to maximize, the second – to minimize. Optimal extraction modes are obtained:hydromodule - 1:10.8, temperature - 79.8 ° C, duration - 94.1 min.

In this work, we study the lateral photovoltaic effect in the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si structure. It was found the giant lateral photoeffect occurs in the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si heterostructure due to the high built-in barrier formation at the SiO2/p-Si interface. The maximum LPE sensitivity ~600 mV/mm is observed in the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si structure under the TiO2 film deposition for 45 min. However, the LPE nonlinearity in this structure is too large for practical applications. A decrease of the nonlinearity is achieved by the TiO2 film thickness control. The structure fabricated by the TiO2 film deposition for 50 min has the LPE sensitivity and LPE nonlinearity are 477 mV/mm and 9%, respectively, which are more suitable for optoelectronic devise. The reason for the significant values of the rise time and fall time at pulsed illumination is the impedance behaviors of the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si structure in the near-contact region.

To improve the performance evaluation of electrical engineering enterprises, firms should more accurately, in comparison with the existing methods, determine the contribution of each of their structural units to the results of the activity of the business entity as a whole. The purpose of the article is to identify the reserves for improving the efficiency of electrical engineering enterprises, to establish the results of specific units in the sale of elements of the enterprise's product, produced directly in these structures and sold in the markets. The task is achieved through the use of conditional prices for workshop products and expanding the scope of the break-even point method. Methods for establishing break-even points, which, in contrast to classical dependencies, when the entire volume of goods produced is realized, consider the option of incomplete sale and, accordingly, unproductive use of part of the resources are suggested as well. The value of this indicator for various values of prices and sales by options, their limit values, including when the volumes of production (sales) exceed their predetermined design values are presented. The most significant results are the development of methods for identifying the performance indicators of electrical enterprises as a whole and their units, the development of methods for calculating the breakeven point in various production situations. Their significance lies in the further development of the theory and methods of evaluating the activities of electrical enterprises and the possibilities of their practical application.

In the paper, on the example of features of Transneft – Druzhba, JSC the issues of sufficiency of certification of an organisation’s quality management system for compliance with the requirements of “ISO 9001: for the provision of services” were considered. It is shown that the organisation’s quality management system certificated for compliance with ISO 9001 requirements does not guarantee consumers the quality of goods (or services) declared by the organisation, and the adopted system of certification of the quality management system undermines trust in the international quality certification institute. The purpose of the study was to prove that, controlling the quality of the subject’s work, it is needed to have an adequate understanding of its structure, kinematics and additional features that allow organisation to extract unrecorded financial benefits. With outside control, controllers usually pay attention only to the subject of verification itself, overlooking the fact of its including (belonging) to a larger system that encompasses it, and its participation in a single process of forming the final product. Therefore, when verifying the implementation of ISO 9000 standards, they are usually shown only those areas of the organisation that can pass the quality inspection and do not disclose the existing links between sequential processes. Thereby they exclude from consideration the existing transaction costs (in particular, the costs associated with the need to implement input control at least based on the use of statistical methods). To confirm the initial hypothesis, the paper used methods of scientific abstraction and functional analysis. As a result of the research, the following statements are confirmed. Quality management and knowledge management issues have the complementary nature. The object is independent of knowledge and existed before its appearance. On the contrary, the subject of knowledge forms knowledge itself. “Including” an object in its activity, the subject considers it from the sides he is interested in, which become the “representative” of the entire multilateral facility, forgetting that the object of knowledge is a product of his cognitive activity, subjected to specific laws that do not coincide with the laws of the object itself. It is further proposed to present a model of certification of the quality management system, in which the existing shortcomings will be eliminated.

. It is identified that the effect of high-quality innovations may not be over in the sphere of their direct use. The objective of the article is the development of theoretical and methodical propositions for the effect valuation of such development works according to the sphere of their final use by way of example electrotechnical means of workflow automation. The objective is attained as a result of the research carried out. It’s proved that under the valuation of the means of workflow automation for the output of the means of labor the effect valuation should be carried out for three levels: production of means of automation, their use, consumption of the means of labor, produced by the use of the means of workflow automation analyzed. Under valuation the effect of the means of labor aimed for production of objects of labor the level of manufacture of objects of labor which are produced on the certain equipment is added. The methodical recommendations for the determination of the size of needs for new items at different levels of consumption under the change in degree of qualitative characteristics with regard to stochastic nature of economic processes are introduced. These recommendations have the universal character and they enable their use under the estimation of the effect of other kinds of means of labor and objects of labor. The result of the research is the certain contribution to the improvement of the theory and practice for the determination of social and economic efficiency of innovations.

Sergey Chernysh,* Natalia Gordya,* Dmitry Tulin, Andrey Yakovlev Laboratory of Insect Biopharmacology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: The aim of this study is to improve the anti-biofilm activity of antibiotics. We hypothesized that the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) complex of the host’s immune system can be used for this purpose and examined the assumption on model biofilms. Methods: FLIP7, the AMP complex of the blowfly Calliphora vicina containing a combination of defensins, cecropins, diptericins and proline-rich peptides was isolated from the hemolymph of bacteria-challenged maggots. The complex interaction with antibiotics of various classes was studied in biofilm and planktonic cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii by the checkerboard method using trimethyl tetrazolium chloride cell viability and crystal violet biofilm eradication assays supplemented with microscopic analysis. Results: We found that FLIP7 demonstrated: high synergy (fractional inhibitory concentration index

The article is devoted to the professional and public accreditation in Omsk State Technical University for bachelor’s and master’s degree programs “Rocket Systems and Astronautics”. A brief description of the university is given. The objectives of accreditation are stated. The procedure for its implementation is described. The evaluation criteria and the results of the accreditation are given. The main comments identified by experts and the strengths of educational programs are presented.

This paper examines ways of teaching Earth science students techniques to recognize manipulative clickbait in the online versions of American newspapers. The study presents an analysis of headlines in the online versions of the newspaper aiming to determine the specificities of the use of clickbait and to further classify the techniques through which it is employed. The analyzed data was collected from the Sports and Business sections of the 2021 online issues of the New York Times and the Washington Post. The frequency of clickbait use was found in each of the newspapers in general and in each of the studies section in particular. The analysis resulted in the classification of the techniques of achieving the clickbait effect. The individual characteristics of the journalists’ styles of the newspapers under study was further investigated. The quantitative analysis revealed varying amounts of clickbait in the headlines of the online newspapers.

This article explores the centerpiece of contrast between the dominant American and Native American tribal societies – the interaction of individual and group in maintaining community. While Western paradigms of personal development focus on the individual – a model consistently reflected in the most popular Western narrative structures, Native Americans prefer a support group as a center for individual development. In extreme forms, statements about this social phenomenon can become ethnocentric and stereotyped. Ethnographic observations confirm this difference in social systems, but sometimes specifically question stereotypical interpretation. Our analysis leads us to the conclusion that instead of necessarily including an individual in a group, American tribal society can value both group and individual.