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Objective: Depressive symptoms are common mental health problems among the family caregivers of patients with dementia. However, little is known about the prevalence of depressive symptoms among the family caregivers of patients with dementia in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine: 1) the factors predicting depressive symptoms, 2) the mediating role of social support in the relationship between burden and depressive symptoms, and 3) the association between depressive symptoms and healthcare utilization among family caregivers. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 family caregivers of patients with dementia recruited from four hospitals in Java, Indonesia. Data were collected by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI); the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), the Mastery scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, hierarchical multiple linear regression, and Baron and Kenny's regression method were used to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed that about a quarter of the participants (24.8%) experienced depressive symptoms. Caregiver burden, mastery, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and social support explained 45.5% of the variance in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among family caregivers (R2=0.455). Social support also partially mediated the association between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. There was no association between depressive symptoms and the use of healthcare services among the family caregivers. Conclusion: The findings revealed that social support is a mediating factor affecting the relationship between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting social support to help alleviate caregiver burden would be effective in helping reduce depressive symptoms in the family caregivers of patients with dementia.

Background: Nurses report high levels of workplace stress, which has been linked to an increased risk for experiencing depressive symptoms.Nurses’ workplace stress is also linked to increased absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) the incidence of depressive symptoms among hospital-based registered nurses in Bangladesh; (2) common sources of workplace stress and their relationships to individual characteristics and depressive symptom scores; and (3) the potential mediating roles of coping strategies in the relationship between workplace stress and depressive symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study design involved three hundred and fifty-two registered nurses. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and three standardized tools measuring sources of nurses’ workplace stress, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms. Results: More than half of the participants scored ≥ 16 on the CES-D, which was associated with a major depression episode. Total NSS scores had a small but significant influence on scores on the depression scale. Coping strategies had no mediated effect on the relationship between workplace stress and scores on the depression scale. Low-reliability coefficients for subscales of two of the standardized tools highlight the challenge for researchers in developing countries to address contextual differences that may influence the meanings attached to individual items. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the mental health of registered nurses in Bangladesh requires immediate attention in part by attending to workplace stressors. Further research should focus on a deeper understanding of Bangladeshi registered nurses’ work experiences and the unique contribution that workplace stressors have on their physical and mental health.

Families of preschool children with Down syndrome face a number of challenges from the condition itself and in normative transitions in the preschool age group. The accumulated stress undermines the family functioning. This cross-sectional study tested the pattern of relationships between factors of the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation and family functioning among families of children with Down syndrome. The convenience and network samplings were used to recruit 120 mothers of preschool children with Down syndrome from two university hospitals and one national institute for intellectually and developmen- tally disabled children in Bangkok. Data were obtained using the demographic interview- ing questionnaire, Family Stressors and Strains Questionnaire, Family Hardiness Index, Social Support Questionnaire, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, and Chulalongkorn Family Inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results showed that the model offered a good fit with the empirical data and could explain 47% of the variance in the family functioning. Family hardiness was the most influential factor directly affecting family functioning, followed by social support, and family demands, respectively. Neither family hardiness nor social support had indirect effects on family functioning through family problem-solving and coping. Nurses need to develop further intervention programs in Thailand for the families of preschool children with Down syndrome by teaching family members the essential skills to reduce their stress, strengthen hardiness in families, and mobilize a social support network to keep a balance of family functioning. They can learn from international experiences of such programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : To determine the prevalence of mental health problems in migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand and to examine the relationship among factors that influence such problems . Lazarus's transactional model of stress and coping was used to frame the study . Design : A cross -sectional design, involving interviews with 445 migrant workers from Myanmar, was used to collect data . Data collection tools included a sociodemographic form, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL -12), the Acculturative Stress Scale (ASS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL -25) . Findings : 11 .9% of the participants reported symptoms of depression and /or anxiety . Gender, self - rated physical health, and perceived general stress explained 49 .0% of the probable presence of mental health problems and correctly classified 91 .9% of cases . The low prevalence of these problems compared to other studies may be related to increased workplace and community stability . Conclusion : The findings may help health care professionals to understand how overall good health and community and workplace environments can support mental health and wellbeing for migrant workers . Health promotion strategies have the potential to be an important future focus for health care professionals who provide services to this population . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accuracy of triage in patients with trauma at the emergency department can assist them to receive appropriate treatment in time leading to decreased mortality and disability. The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of triage performed by registered nurses in the emergency department and examine factors influencing the triage accuracy in patients with trauma. A prospective observational design was performed in five emergency departments of regional hospitals in southern Thailand. The sample comprised 109 registered nurses and 1,090 adult patients with trauma. The accuracy of triage was calculated by using the difference score between the triage coding identified by a triage nurse immediately on patient emergency department arrival and the triage coding identified using the Emergency Severity Index Manual (Version 4). Multiple multinomial logistic regressions were employed to examine the predictors of triage accuracy. Only 52.4% of patients were categorized into an accurate triage group. Years of work by participants in the emergency department increased the likelihood of over-triage. In terms of patient characteristics, patients with blunt injury, multiple injuries and altered consciousness were more likely to be over triaged. These data provide strong evidence to support the implementation of the Emergency Severity Index version 4 as a standard tool in the emergency department during triage. Such a policy would contribute to improving the accuracy of the triage level designation in patients with trauma receiving service from an emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]