247 results on '"Yadav RS"'
Search Results
2. Functional involvement of L-type calcium channels and cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathways in cadmium-induced myometrial relaxation in rats
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Saroj, VK, Nakade, UP, Sharma, A, Yadav, RS, Hajare, SW, and Garg, SK
- Published
- 2017
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3. Productivity, Profitability, Enzyme Activities and Nutrient Balance in Summer Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by NPK Drip Fertigation.
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Jain, Navin Kumar, Yadav, RS, and Jat, Ram A
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FERTIGATION , *LEAF area index , *ARACHIS , *PEANUTS , *MICROIRRIGATION , *ALKALINE phosphatase - Abstract
Peanut cultivation during the summer needs precise management of nutrient and water resources particularly in arid and semi-arid areas to sustain agricultural productivity where water is a scarce commodity. Application of NPK fertilizers both normal and water-soluble was evaluated using soil and drip fertigation methods for their effect on productivity, profitability, enzyme activities, and soil nutrient balance. Application of 100% NF at sowing through drip irrigation (T10) significantly (p =.05) enhanced leaf area index (LAI), yield attributes, pod, kernel, and oil yields, and net returns over T1, which was found at par to the staggered application of 75% or 100% water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) through drip except for net returns at T5 and T8. However, the highest plant height, dry weight, and haulm yield was observed under T4. The highest PFP was recorded with treatment T6 and showed a declining trend with an increase in fertilizer dose. Activities of phosphatase enzymes increased up to 60 DAS and thereafter, showed a declining trend except for alkaline phosphatase under T1. Significantly higher dehydrogenase activity was reported under T9 at 60 DAS except under T1 and T6. Compared to initial status, actual available N, P, and K status after harvest increased in all the treatments but maximum actual gains were recorded under T1. The results clearly indicated that pod yield and net returns obtained under treatments T2 to T9 were comparable to T10 except for net returns at T5 and T8. Therefore, 25% NPK requirement could be saved without affecting yield and net returns with treatment T6 in the summer peanut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Intra-articular dislocation of the patella.
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Nanda R, Yadav RS, and Thakur M
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- 2000
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5. Invasive Anopheles stephensi in Africa: insights from Asia.
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Taylor R, Messenger LA, Abeku TA, Clarke SE, Yadav RS, and Lines J
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- Animals, Asia epidemiology, Africa epidemiology, Introduced Species, Humans, Anopheles parasitology, Anopheles physiology, Mosquito Vectors, Malaria prevention & control, Malaria transmission
- Abstract
Anopheles stephensi is a highly competent urban malaria vector species, endemic in South Asia and the Persian Gulf, which has colonised eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since 2013 and is now spreading uncontrollably. In urban areas of Africa, where malaria transmission has previously been low or non-existent, the invasion of An. stephensi represents a significant problem, particularly to immunologically naïve populations. Despite this rapidly advancing threat, there is a paucity of information regarding the bionomics of An. stephensi in SSA. Here, we offer a critical synthesis of literature from An. stephensi's native range, focusing on the future of An. stephensi in a rapidly urbanising Africa, and highlighting key questions that warrant prioritisation by the global malaria vector control community., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests R. T. is also affiliated with the Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Team at the UK Health Security Agency, London. The remaining authors have no interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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6. Genome-wide SNPs and candidate genes underlying the genetic variations for protein and amino acids in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) germplasm.
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Singh S, Yadav CB, Lubanga N, Hegarty M, and Yadav RS
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- Genotype, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Variation, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics, Genome, Plant genetics, Genes, Plant genetics, Pennisetum genetics, Pennisetum metabolism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Amino Acids genetics
- Abstract
Main Conclusion: A total of 544 significant marker-trait associations and 286 candidate genes associated with total protein and 18 amino acids were identified. Thirty-three candidate genes were found near the strong marker trait associations (- log
10 P ≥ 5.5). Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is largely grown as a subsistence crop in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It serves as a major source of daily protein intake in these regions. Despite its importance, no systematic effort has been made to study the genetic variations of protein and amino acid content in pearl millet germplasm. The present study was undertaken to dissect the global genetic variations of total protein and 18 essential and non-essential amino acids in pearl millet, using a set of 435 K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 161 genotypes of the Pearl Millet Inbred Germplasm Association Panel (PMiGAP). A total of 544 significant marker-trait associations (at P < 0.0001; - log10 P ≥ 4) were detected and 23 strong marker-trait associations were identified using Bonferroni's correction method. Forty-eight pleiotropic loci were found in the genome for the studied traits. In total, 286 candidate genes associated with total protein and 18 amino acids were identified. Thirty-three candidate genes were found near strongly associated SNPs. The associated markers and the candidate genes provide an insight into the genetic architecture of the traits studied and are going to be useful in breeding improved pearl millet varieties in the future. Availabilities of improved pearl millet varieties possessing higher protein and amino acid compositions will help combat the rising malnutrition problem via diet., (© 2024. Crown.)- Published
- 2024
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7. Lead and calcium crosstalk tempted acrosome damage and hyperpolarization of spermatozoa: signaling and ultra-structural evidences.
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Yadav RS, Kushawaha B, Dhariya R, Swain DK, Yadav B, Anand M, Kumari P, Rai PK, Singh D, Yadav S, and Garg SK
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- Male, Animals, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Cattle, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Signal Transduction drug effects, Semen Analysis, DNA Damage drug effects, Organometallic Compounds toxicity, Organometallic Compounds pharmacology, Spermatozoa drug effects, Calcium metabolism, Sperm Motility drug effects, Acrosome drug effects, Lead toxicity, Acrosome Reaction drug effects
- Abstract
Background: Exposure of humans and animals to heavy metals is increasing day-by-day; thus, lead even today remains of significant public health concern. According to CDC, blood lead reference value (BLRV) ranges from 3.5 µg/dl to 5 μg/dl in adults. Recently, almost 2.6% decline in male fertility per year has been reported but the cause is not well established. Lead (Pb
2+ ) affects the size of testis, semen quality, and secretory functions of prostate. But the molecular mechanism(s) of lead toxicity in sperm cells is not clear. Thus, present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of lead acetate at environmentally relevant exposure levels (0.5, 5, 10 and 20 ppm) on functional and molecular dynamics of spermatozoa of bucks following in vitro exposure for 15 min and 3 h., Results: Lead significantly decreased motility, viable count, and motion kinematic patterns of spermatozoa like curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, beat cross frequency and maximum amplitude of head lateral displacement even at 5 ppm concentration. Pb2+ modulated intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ levels in sperm cells through L-type calcium channels and induced spontaneous or premature acrosome reaction (AR) by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins and downregulated mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Lead significantly increased DNA damage and apoptosis as well. Electron microscopy studies revealed Pb2+ -induced deleterious effects on plasma membrane of head and acrosome including collapsed cristae in mitochondria., Conclusions: Pb2+ not only mimics Ca2+ but also affects cellular targets involved in generation of cAMP, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and ionic exchange. Lead seems to interact with Ca2+ channels because of charge similarity and probably enters the sperm cell through these channels and results in hyperpolarization. Our findings also indicate lead-induced TP and intracellular Ca2+ release in spermatozoa which in turn may be responsible for premature acrosome exocytosis which is essential feature of capacitation for fertilization. Thus, lead seems to reduce the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa even at 0.5 ppm concentrations., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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8. Correction: A passive star polymer in a dense active bath: insights from computer simulations.
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Yadav RS, Sharma S, Metzler R, and Chakrabarti R
- Abstract
Correction for 'A passive star polymer in a dense active bath: insights from computer simulations' by Ramanand Singh Yadav et al. , Soft Matter , 2024, 20 , 3910-3922, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00144C.
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- 2024
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9. Photochemically Induced Propulsion of a 4D Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomer Biomimetic Swimmer.
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Sartori P, Yadav RS, Del Barrio J, DeSimone A, and Sánchez-Somolinos C
- Abstract
Underwater organisms exhibit sophisticated propulsion mechanisms, enabling them to navigate fluid environments with exceptional dexterity. Recently, substantial efforts have focused on integrating these movements into soft robots using smart shape-changing materials, particularly by using light for their propulsion and control. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including slow response times and the need of powerful light beams to actuate the robot. This last can result in unintended sample heating and potentially necessitate tracking specific actuation spots on the swimmer. To tackle these challenges, new azobenzene-containing photopolymerizable inks are introduced, which can be processed by extrusion printing into liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) elements of precise shape and morphology. These LCEs exhibit rapid and significant photomechanical response underwater, driven by moderate-intensity ultraviolet (UV) and green light, being the actuation mechanism predominantly photochemical. Inspired by nature, a biomimetic four-lapped ephyra-like LCE swimmer is printed. The periodically illumination of the entire swimmer with moderate-intensity UV and green light, induces synchronous lappet bending toward the light source and swimmer propulsion away from the light. The platform eliminates the need of localized laser beams and tracking systems to monitor the swimmer's motion through the fluid, making it a versatile tool for creating light-fueled robotic LCE free-swimmers., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
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- 2024
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10. Sorting Out the Latest Advances in Separators and Pilot-Scale Microbial Electrochemical Systems for Wastewater Treatment: Concomitant Development, Practical Application, and Future Perspective.
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Li C, Liang D, Tian Y, Liu S, He W, Li Z, Yadav RS, Ma Y, Ji C, Yi K, Yang W, and Feng Y
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- Electrodes, Pilot Projects, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Wastewater, Water Purification
- Abstract
To date, dozens of pilot-scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) devices have been successfully developed worldwide for treating various types of wastewater. The availability and configurations of separators are determining factors for the economic feasibility, efficiency, sustainability, and operability of these devices. Thus, the concomitant advances between the separators and pilot-scale MFC configurations deserve further clarification. The analysis of separator configurations has shown that their evolution proceeds as follows: from ion-selective to ion-non-selective, from nonpermeable to permeable, and from abiotic to biotic. Meanwhile, their cost is decreasing and their availability is increasing. Notably, the novel MFCs configured with biotic separators are superior to those configured with abiotic separators in terms of wastewater treatment efficiency and capital cost. Herein, a highly comprehensive review of pilot-scale MFCs (>100 L) has been conducted, and we conclude that the intensive stack of the liquid cathode configuration is more advantageous when wastewater treatment is the highest priority. The use of permeable biotic separators ensures hydrodynamic continuity within the MFCs and simplifies reactor configuration and operation. In addition, a systemic comparison is conducted between pilot-scale MFC devices and conventional decentralized wastewater treatment processes. MFCs showed comparable cost, higher efficiency, long-term stability, and significant superiority in carbon emission reduction. The development of separators has greatly contributed to the availability and usability of MFCs, which will play an important role in various wastewater treatment scenarios in the future.
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- 2024
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11. Microbiological acceptance criteria, specifications of herbal drugs and herbal drug preparations in various pharmacopoeias: a global scenario.
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Munukuntla R, Tiwari A, Yadav RS, Jayanthy A, Verma SC, and Singh RM
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- Colony Count, Microbial, Quality Control, Humans, Plant Preparations standards, Drug Contamination prevention & control, Pharmacopoeias as Topic standards
- Abstract
Purpose: A pharmacopoeia is a compendium of guidelines and criteria for drug quality. It was established by a national or regional entity and has legal significance. This applies to administration of drugs in a particular nation or region., Method: In this study, the differences and similarities of microbiological acceptance criteria, specifications for microbial enumeration of herbal drugs and herbal drug preparations in 14 national and international pharmacopeias were investigated., Results: It was found that 12 pharmacopeias have given separate microbial limits for total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) and total yeast and mold count (TYMC), and a list of specified microorganisms for which acceptance criteria are defined. However, similarities were noticed in Ph.Eur, Ph. Helv and, BP. Salmonella, and Escherichia coli are the most common pathogens specified for herbal preparations in which boiling water is added prior to use and for internal use in all Pharmacopoeias because they serve as indicators of potential contamination., Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the differences in microbial limit tests and their acceptance criteria as specified in the various pharmacopoeias need to be harmonized. It will become a more convenient option for global drug manufacturers to import/export herbal drugs, and this would also eliminate the burden of performing various analytical methods and comply with different microbial acceptance criteria set by various pharmacopoeias. The comparative data obtained from this study will be used to develop strategies for revisions of pharmacopoeias in a harmonized manner with respect to microbiological acceptance criteria, specifications for microbial enumeration of herbal drugs and herbal drug preparations., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)
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- 2024
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12. A passive star polymer in a dense active bath: insights from computer simulations.
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Yadav RS, Sharma S, Metzler R, and Chakrabarti R
- Abstract
Using computer simulations in two dimensions (2D), we explore the structure and dynamics of a star polymer with three arms made of passive monomers immersed in a bath of active Brownian particles (ABPs). We analyze the conformational and dynamical changes of the polymer as a function of activity and packing fraction. We also study the process of motility induced phase separation (MIPS) in the presence of a star polymer, which acts as a mobile nucleation center. The presence of the polymer increases the growth rate of the clusters in comparison to a bath without the polymer. In particular, for low packing fraction, both nucleation and cluster growth are affected by the inclusion of the star polymer. Clusters grow in the vicinity of the star polymer, resulting in the star polymer experiencing a caged motion similar to a tagged ABP in the dense phase. Due to the topological constraints of the star polymers and clustering nearby, the conformational changes of the star polymer lead to interesting observations. Inter alia , we observe the shrinking of the arm with increasing activity along with a short-lived hairpin structure of one arm formed. We also see the transient pairing of two arms of the star polymer, while the third is largely separated at high activity. We hope our findings will help in understanding the behavior of active-passive mixtures, including biopolymers of complex topology in dense active suspensions.
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- 2024
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13. Perceived needs of disease vector control programs: A review and synthesis of (sub)national assessments from South Asia and the Middle East.
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van den Berg H, Bashar K, Chowdhury R, Bhatt RM, Gupta HP, Kumar A, Sabesan S, Shriram AN, Konuganti HKR, Sinha ATS, Sedaghat MM, Enayati A, Hassan HM, Najmee AS, Saleem S, Uranw S, Kusumawathie PHD, Perera D, Esmail MA, Carrington LB, Al-Eryani SM, Kumari R, Nagpal BN, Sultana S, Velayudhan R, and Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Asia, Southern epidemiology, Dengue prevention & control, Dengue epidemiology, Dengue transmission, Disease Vectors, Insecticides, Malaria prevention & control, Malaria epidemiology, Middle East epidemiology, Needs Assessment, Vector Borne Diseases prevention & control, Vector Borne Diseases transmission
- Abstract
Systems for disease vector control should be effective, efficient, and flexible to be able to tackle contemporary challenges and threats in the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases. As a priority activity towards the strengthening of vector control systems, it has been advocated that countries conduct a vector-control needs assessment. A review was carried out of the perceived needs for disease vector control programs among eleven countries and subnational states in South Asia and the Middle East. In each country or state, independent teams conducted vector control needs assessment with engagement of stakeholders. Important weaknesses were described for malaria, dengue and leishmaniases regarding vector surveillance, insecticide susceptibility testing, monitoring and evaluation of operations, entomological capacity and laboratory infrastructure. In addition, community mobilization and intersectoral collaboration showed important gaps. Countries and states expressed concern about insecticide resistance that could reduce the continued effectiveness of interventions, which demands improved monitoring. Moreover, attainment of disease elimination necessitates enhanced vector surveillance. Vector control needs assessment provided a useful planning tool for systematic strengthening of vector control systems. A limitation in conducting the vector control needs assessment was that it is time- and resource-intensive. To increase the feasibility and utility of national assessments, an abridged version of the guidance should focus on operationally relevant topics of the assessment. Similar reviews are needed in other regions with different contextual conditions., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 World Health Organization. Licensee Public Library of Science. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution IGO License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. In any use of this article, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services.)
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- 2024
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14. Recent advances on outstanding microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposites of ZnO semiconductor.
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Yadav RS and Kuřitka I
- Abstract
The electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave attenuation capabilities of ZnO semiconductor nanocomposites have recently been improved using a variety of approaches by correctly modifying their permittivity. To improve microwave attenuation, ZnO semiconductor nanostructures have been combined with graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles and their alloys, two-dimensional MXene, spinel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles, polymer systems, and textiles. This paper covers the opportunities and constraints that these cutting-edge nanocomposites in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption encounter as well as the research progress of ZnO semiconductor-based nanocomposite. The structure-function relationship of electromagnetic wave absorption nanocomposites, design strategies, synthesis techniques, and various types of advanced nanocomposites based on ZnO semiconductor are also covered. In order to design and prepare high efficiency ZnO semiconductor based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials for use in applications of next-generation electronics and aerospace, this article can offer some useful ideas., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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15. Optimization of CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles and graphite fillers to endow thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites with superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance.
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Anju, Masař M, Machovský M, Urbánek M, Šuly P, Hanulíková B, Vilčáková J, Kuřitka I, and Yadav RS
- Abstract
The rapid growth, integration, and miniaturization of electronics have raised significant concerns about how to handle issues with electromagnetic interference (EMI), which has increased demand for the creation of EMI shielding materials. In order to effectively shield against electromagnetic interference (EMI), this study developed a variety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based nanocomposites in conjunction with CoFe
2 O4 nanoparticles and graphite. The filler percentage and nanocomposite thickness were tuned and optimized. The designed GF15-TPU nanocomposite, which has a 5 mm thickness, 15 weight percent cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, and 35 weight percent graphite, showed the highest total EMI shielding effectiveness value of 41.5 dB in the 8.2-12.4 GHz frequency range, or 99.993% shielding efficiency, out of all the prepared polymer nanocomposites. According to experimental findings, the nanocomposite's dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, conduction loss, eddy current loss, natural resonance, exchange resonance, multiple scattering, and high attenuation significantly contribute to improving its electromagnetic interference shielding properties. The created TPU-based nanocomposites containing graphite and CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles have the potential to be used in communication systems, defense, spacecraft, and aircraft as EMI shielding materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2024
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16. Magnetodynamic properties of ultrathin films of Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text]-a topological kagome ferromagnet.
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Khan KIA, Kumar A, Gupta P, Yadav RS, Åkerman J, and Muduli PK
- Abstract
Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text] is a topological kagome ferromagnet that possesses numerous Weyl points close to the Fermi energy, which can manifest various unique transport phenomena such as chiral anomaly, anomalous Hall effect, and giant magnetoresistance. However, the magnetodynamic properties of Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text] have not yet been explored. Here, we report, for the first time, the measurements of the intrinsic Gilbert damping constant ([Formula: see text]), and the effective spin mixing conductance (g[Formula: see text]) of Pt/Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text] bilayers for Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text] thicknesses down to 2 nm, for which [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], and g[Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. The films have a high saturation magnetization, [Formula: see text], and large anomalous Hall coefficient, [Formula: see text]. The large values of g[Formula: see text], together with the topological properties of Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text], make Fe[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text]/Pt bilayers useful heterostructures for the study of topological spintronic devices., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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17. Magnetic-Proximity-Induced Efficient Charge-to-Spin Conversion in Large-Area PtSe 2 /Ni 80 Fe 20 Heterostructures.
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Mudgal R, Jakhar A, Gupta P, Yadav RS, Biswal B, Sahu P, Bangar H, Kumar A, Chowdhury N, Satpati B, Kumar Nanda BR, Satpathy S, Das S, and Muduli PK
- Abstract
As a topological Dirac semimetal with controllable spin-orbit coupling and conductivity, PtSe
2 , a transition-metal dichalcogenide, is a promising material for several applications, from optoelectrics to sensors. However, its potential for spintronics applications has yet to be explored. In this work, we demonstrate that the PtSe2 /Ni80 Fe20 heterostructure can generate large damping-like current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOT), despite the absence of spin-splitting in bulk PtSe2 . The efficiency of charge-to-spin conversion is found to be -0.1 ± 0.02 nm-1 in PtSe2 /Ni80 Fe20 , which is 3 times that of the control sample, Ni80 Fe20 /Pt. Our band structure calculations show that the SOT due to PtSe2 arises from an unexpectedly large spin splitting in the interfacial region of PtSe2 introduced by the proximity magnetic field of the Ni80 Fe20 layer. Our results open up the possibilities of using large-area PtSe2 for energy-efficient nanoscale devices by utilizing proximity-induced SOT.- Published
- 2023
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18. Exploring binding mode assessment of novel kaempferol, resveratrol, and quercetin derivatives with PPAR-α as potent drug candidates against cancer.
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Ballav S, Lokhande KB, Yadav RS, Ghosh P, Swamy KV, and Basu S
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- Molecular Docking Simulation, Resveratrol pharmacology, PPAR alpha agonists, PPAR alpha metabolism, Ligands, Kaempferols pharmacology, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Quercetin pharmacology, Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α, a ligand-activated transcription factor stands out to be a valuable protein target against cancer. Given that ligand binding is the crucial process for the activation of PPAR-α, fibrate class of synthetic compounds serves as potent agonist for the receptor. However, their serious side effects limit the long-term application in cancer. This emphasizes the dire need to identify new candidates that would exert desired activation by abrogating the adverse effects caused by synthetic agonists. Natural dietary products serve as an important source of drug discovery. Hence, the present study encompasses the investigation of the role of natural plant phenolic compounds: kaempferol, resveratrol, and quercetin and their 8708 derivatives by the means of computational pipeline comprising molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation techniques. Docking calculations shortlisted potential candidates, namely 6-cinnamylchrysin (6-CC), resveratrol potassium-4-sulfate (RPS) and 6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyhexyl nitrate (DHOON), and derivatives of kaempferol, resveratrol, and quercetin, respectively. 6-CC, RPS, and DHOON manifested better affinities of - 32.83 kcal/mol (Ala333, Lys358, His440), - 27.22 kcal/mol (Tyr314, Met355), and - 30.18 kcal/mol (Ser280, Tyr314, Ala333), respectively, and were found to act as good stimulants for PPAR-α. Among these three compounds, 6-CC caused relatively least deviations and fluctuations analyzed through MD simulation which judiciously held responsible to attain most favorable interaction with PPAR-α. Followed by the binding free energy (ΔG) calculations using MM-GBSA confirmed the key role of 6-CC toward PPAR-α. The compound 6-CC also achieved high drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, these findings stipulate new drug leads for PPAR-α receptor which abets a way to develop new anti-cancer drugs., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2023
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19. Chemical-Dealloying-Derived PtPdPb-Based Multimetallic Nanoparticles: Dimethyl Ether Electrocatalysis and Fuel Cell Application.
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Gebru MG, Subramanian P, Bělský P, Yadav RS, Pitussi I, Sasi S, Medlín R, Minar J, Švec P, Kornweitz H, and Schechter A
- Abstract
In this work, we report a novel multimetallic nanoparticle catalyst composed of Pt, Pd, and Pb and its electrochemical activity toward dimethyl ether (DME) oxidation in liquid electrolyte and polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Chemical dealloying of the catalyst with the lowest platinum-group metal (PGM) content, Pt
2 PdPb2 /C, was conducted using HNO3 to tune the catalyst activity. Comprehensive characterization of the chemical-dealloying-derived catalyst nanoparticles unambiguously showed that the acid treatment removed 50% Pb from the nanoparticles with an insignificant effect on the PGM metals and led to the formation of smaller-sized nanoparticles. Electrochemical studies showed that Pb dissolution led to structural changes in the original catalysts. Chemical-dealloying-derived catalyst nanoparticles made of multiple phases (Pt, Pt3 Pb, PtPb) provided one of the highest PGM-normalized power densities of 118 mW mgPGM -1 in a single direct DME fuel cell operated at low anode catalyst loading (1 mgPGM cm-2 ) at 70 °C. A possible DME oxidation pathway for these multimetallic catalysts was proposed based on an online mass spectrometry study and the analysis of the reaction products.- Published
- 2023
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20. Azo food dye neurotoxicity in rats: A neurobehavioral, biochemical, and histopathological study.
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Biswas P, Jain J, Hasan W, Bose D, and Yadav RS
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- Rats, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Catalase metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Memory Disorders pathology, Maze Learning, Lipid Peroxidation, Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Brain
- Abstract
Azo Food dyes (AFDs), which are widely used in the food industry, may be associated with adverse health effects. We have investigated the effects of the AFDs metanil yellow (MY), malachite green (MG), and sudan III (SIII) on cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-enzyme activities, and histopathology in rats. Rats treated with MY (430 mg/kg), MG (13.75 mg/kg), SIII (250 mg/kg), and a mixture (MY 143.33 + MG 4.52 + SIII 83.33 mg/kg) p.o. for 60 d showed significant learning and memory impairments. Significant biochemical changes were observed in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus: increases in lipid peroxidation and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE); decreases in the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitochondrial complexes I and II. Histological damage to brain neurons accompanied the learning and memory impairments and was linked with other biochemical and neurochemical alterations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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21. Growth Assessment of Under-Five Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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Kumar P, Kumar S, Mishra M, Jaiswal K, Bharati PP, Yadav RS, Jain PK, Kumar V, and Yadav M
- Abstract
Introduction The under-five age group is crucial because the health profile of this age group will have a huge effect on the future development of the nation. Early infancy is marked by several distinct developmental characteristics. Progress in each domain of childhood development is used to track a child's development. Objectives The objectives of the present study were to assess and compare the growth of under-five children of employed and unemployed mothers in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in Etawah district's urban and rural areas between January 2021 and June 2022. A total of 200 mothers with children under the age of five were recruited using the purposive sampling method. To gather pertinent information, a semi-structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Results In the present study on the comparison of the growth of children among employed and unemployed mothers, it shows that 48 children (50.5%) with a weight between 10.5 and 15 kg were of employed mothers, while 52 children weighing less than 10.5kg were of unemployed mothers (p<0.001). Forty-four children (57.1%) with a chest circumference of more than 48 cm were of employed mothers, while 26 children (78.8%) with a chest circumference of less than 45 cm were of unemployed mothers (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates that statistically significant differences were found in age-appropriate gain in weight and chest circumference, which was higher among the children of employed mothers in comparison to children of unemployed mothers. There was no statistically significant difference in age-appropriate gain in height, head circumference, or mid-upper arm circumference among the children of employed mothers and unemployed mothers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Kumar et al.)
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- 2023
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22. Thanatophoric dysplasia in nonadherent to antenatal care in low middle income country: a rare case reports.
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Shrestha AB, Chapagain S, Umar TP, Yadav RS, Shrestha S, Bhandari K, Sedai R, Poudel A, Mahat C, Sharma S, and Bhandari A
- Abstract
Introduction and Importance: Thanatophoric dysplasia is a rare, fatal, and sporadic form of skeletal dysplasia caused by a mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). It is characterized by a conical thorax, platyspondyly (flat vertebral bodies), and macrocephaly. This disorder can be diagnosed antenatally as early as 13 weeks of gestation., Case Presentation: The authors reported a case of thanatophoric dysplasia on USG in a 19 year old young consanguineous female in her second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound examination showed a clover leaf-shaped skull, a widened anterior fontanel, a coarse and edematous face, a flattened nasal bridge, a short neck, a low set of ears, shortening of both upper and lower limbs with short fingers, bowed thighs and legs, and a relatively narrow thorax., Clinical Discussion: Lung hypoplasia, polyhydramnios, and hydrops in affected individuals lead to a poor prognosis. Hence, timely intervention should be done to avoid a poor prognosis. However, a mix of sonographic, genetic, histological, and autopsy studies are applied to make the most accurate diagnosis., Conclusion: The authors reported this case due to the rarity of this condition and the need for a systematic and multidisciplinary approach., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
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- 2023
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23. Delayed in sensorimotor reflex ontogeny, slow physical growth, and impairments in behaviour as well as dopaminergic neuronal death in mice offspring following prenatally rotenone administration.
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Jain J, Hasan W, Jat D, Biswas P, and Yadav RS
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- Humans, Pregnancy, Animals, Mice, Female, Dopamine metabolism, Brain metabolism, Reflex, Rotenone toxicity, Pesticides
- Abstract
The environment is varying day by day with the introduction of chemicals such as pesticides, most of which have not been effectively studied for their influence on a susceptible group of population involving infants and pregnant females. Rotenone is an organic pesticide used to prepare Parkinson's disease models. A lot of literature is available on the toxicity of rotenone on the adult brain, but to the best of our knowledge, effect of rotenone on prenatally exposed mice has never been investigated yet. Therefore, the recent work aims to evaluate the toxic effect of rotenone on mice, exposed prenatally. We exposed female mice to rotenone at the dose of 5 mg/Kg b.w. throughout the gestational period with oral gavage. We then investigated the effects of rotenone on neonate's central nervous systems as well as on postnatal day (PD) 35 offspring. In the rotenone group, we observed slow physical growth, delays in physical milestones and sensorimotor reflex in neonates and induction of anxiety and impairment in cognitive performances of offspring at PD-35. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked reduction in TH-positive neurons in substantia nigra. Histological examination of the cerebellum revealed a decrease in Purkinje neurons in the rotenone exposed group as compared to the control. The data from the study showed that prenatally exposure to rotenone affects growth, physical milestones, neuronal population and behaviour of mice when indirectly exposed to the offspring through their mother. This study could provide a great contribution to researchers to find out the molecular mechanism and participating signalling pathway behind these outcomes., (© 2023 International Society for Developmental Neuroscience.)
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- 2023
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24. Estimation of spectroscopic parameters and TL glow curve analysis of Eu 3+ -activated CaY 2 O 4 phosphor.
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Ram T, Verma N, Kaur J, Misra AK, Dubey V, Dubey N, Michalska-Domańska M, Saji J, and Yadav RS
- Abstract
The solid-state reaction method was utilised to create a down-conversion phosphor in an air environment in CaY
2 O4 :Eu3+ nanocrystalline material. The calcination temperature was set at 1000 °C, and the sintering temperature was set at 1300 °C. Following annealing, confirmation of the crystallinity quality of the phosphor was accomplished by the use of X-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size was predicted to be 43.113 nm using Scherrer's formula. To produce down-conversion luminescence spectra, an excitation wavelength of 247 nm was applied with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The PL got increasingly intense as the concentration of the dopant increased. The maximum intensity was measured at 2.0 mol% of Eu3+ ion, which gradually decreased as the concentration increased because of concentration quenching. To analyse spectrophotometric peak determinations, the approach developed by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) was used. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of the CaY2 O4 :Eu3+ -doped phosphor manufactured here revealed a wide TL centred at 225 °C, which comprised of so many peaks that may be extracted by the computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) approach using glow-fit software. The associated kinetic parameters were then determined. The prepared phosphor may be useful for application in various display devices upon excitation by 247 nm; the prominent 613 nm peak of the Eu3+ ion (5 D0 →7 F2 ) electric dipole transition features a red component. CaY2 O4 :Eu3+ phosphors show promise as materials for potential use in phosphor-converted white LEDs in the field of solid-state lighting technology. The linear connection that the TL glow curve has with UV dose provides evidence for its possible use in dosimetry., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2023
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25. Multicolor tunable bright photoluminescence in Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ modified Eu 3+ doped ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphors under UV excitation for solid state lighting applications.
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Monika, Yadav RS, Bahadur A, and Rai SB
- Abstract
The Eu
3+ doped and Mg2+ /Ca2+ co-doped ZnGa2 O4 phosphor samples were synthesized by solid-state reaction method and their structural and optical properties studied. The phase, crystallinity and particles size of the phosphor samples were studied by XRD and SEM measurements. EDS analyses were used to identify the elements present in the phosphor materials. The vibrational groups present in the phosphor samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. Pure ZnGa2 O4 emits intense blue light under 260 nm excitation. However, Eu3+ doped and Mg2+ /Ca2+ co-doped ZnGa2 O4 phosphor samples exhibit intense red emission under 393 nm excitation. A bluish white color is observed in these samples under 290 nm excitation. The maximum PL emission intensity is found at 0.1 mol% Eu3+ doping concentration. For higher concentrations, concentration quenching was observed due to dipole-dipole interaction. The emission intensity is enhanced upto 1.20 and 2.91 times on co-doping of Mg2+ and Ca2+ via induced crystal field due to charge imbalance. The emission intensity of the phosphor is found to enhance further on annealing the samples at 873 K. Under various excitation wavelengths, color tunability was seen from blue to bluish-white to red regions. The lifetime of the5 D0 level of the Eu3+ ion improves via doping of Mg2+ /Ca2+ ions and it increases appreciably on annealing. The temperature dependent photoluminescence study (TDPL) reveals a thermal quenching behavior of the sample with thermal stability ∼65% and activation energy ∼0.223 eV in the Eu3+ /Ca2+ co-doped ZnGa2 O4 phosphor sample., Competing Interests: Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in the present study., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2023
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26. Dietary Chromium Picolinate Supplementation Improves Glucose Utilization in Transition Calf by Ameliorating Insulin Response.
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Khare S, Kumar M, Kumar V, Kushwaha R, Vaswani S, Kumar A, Yadav RS, Singh SK, Singh Y, and Shukla PK
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- Cattle, Animals, Glucose, Dietary Supplements, Diet veterinary, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Chromium pharmacology, Animal Feed analysis, Blood Glucose metabolism, Insulin, Insulin Resistance
- Abstract
The decrease in insulin sensitivity during the transition of preruminant calves into ruminant animals is the common denominator. Meanwhile, this adaptation predisposes dairy calves towards various health issues and metabolic disorders that occur in later life. Chromium (Cr) has been shown to potentiate insulin functioning and is thereby helpful in reducing the risk of these metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Cr supplementation on the insulin sensitivity and health status in Hariana calves during their transition period. A total of 24 preruminant Hariana calves were randomly allocated into four groups (6 calves per group) for a period of 90 days. Calves either received a basal diet devoid of supplemental Cr (control; Cr
0.0 group) or were supplemented with 0.05 mg (Cr0.05 group), 0.10 mg (Cr0.10 group), and 0.15 mg (Cr0.15 group) of Cr per kg BW0.75 as Cr-picolinate (Cr-Pic). To determine the effect of Cr supplementation on the insulin response, glucose-insulin-non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) kinetics was studied during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A rapid glucose disappearance (p < 0.05) with unaltered insulin kinetics during IVGTT and OLTT indicates greater insulin sensitivity in calves supplemented with 0.10 and 0.15 mg of Cr per kg BW0.75 . Improved insulin sensitivity in the Cr0.10 and Cr0.15 groups was further confirmed by higher (p < 0.05) values of the insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI), and lower (p < 0.05) values of the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) during IVGTT. Mean serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAm ), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) levels were the highest (p < 0.05) and cortisol concentrations were the lowest (p < 0.05) in the Cr0.15 groups. Unlike IVGTT, there was no effect of treatment, period, and treatment × period interaction on mean serum glucose and insulin levels during OGTT. However, Cr-supplemented calves had a higher (p < 0.05) glucose clearance rate (g CR). Serum IRS-1 concentrations during OGTT were also higher (p < 0.05) in the Cr0.10 and Cr0.15 groups than in the other groups. Serum Cr levels increased dose dependently and were the highest (p < 0.05) in calves fed a diet supplemented with 0.15 mg Cr per kg BW0.75 . There was no effect of treatment on average daily gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS) while frequency and duration of diarrhea were lower and fecal score was better in Cr-supplemented calves. The current findings show that Cr supplementation improved glucose utilization and health status in calves during their transition period by improving insulin sensitivity., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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27. Genotype-by-environment interactions for starch, mineral, and agronomic traits in pearl millet hybrids evaluated across five locations in West Africa.
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Gangashetty PI, Yadav CB, Riyazaddin M, Vermula A, Asungre PA, Angarawai I, Mur LAJ, and Yadav RS
- Abstract
Introduction: Pearl millet is a staple cereal grown in the harshest environments of arid and semi-arid regions of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It is the primary source of calories for millions of people in these regions because it has better adaptation to harsh environmental conditions and better nutritional traits than many other cereals. By screening the pearl millet inbred germplasm association panel (PMiGAP), we earlier reported the best genotypes with the highest concentration of slowly digestible and resistant starch in their grains., Methods: In the current study, we tested these 20 top-performing pearl millet hybrids, identified based on starch data, in a randomised block design with three replications at five locations in West Africa, viz. Sadore and Konni (Niger), Bambey (Senegal), Kano (Nigeria), and Bawku (Ghana). Phenotypic variability was assessed for agronomic traits and mineral traits (Fe and Zn)., Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance demonstrated significant genotypic, environmental, and GEI effects among five testing environments for agronomic traits (days to 50% flowering, panicle length, and grain yield), starch traits (rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch, and total starch), and mineral trait (iron and zinc). Starch traits, such as rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS), showed nonsignificant genotypic and environmental interactions but high heritability, indicating the lower environmental influence on these traits in the genotype × testing environments. Genotype stability and mean performance across all the traits were estimated by calculating the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), which showed that genotypes G3 (ICMX207070), G8 (ICMX207160), and G13 (ICMX207184) were the best performing and most stable among the five test environments., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gangashetty, Yadav, Riyazaddin, Vermula, Asungre, Angarawai, Mur and Yadav.)
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- 2023
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28. Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 2.0.
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Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Nanostructures
- Abstract
This Special Issue, "Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications 2 [...].
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- 2023
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29. Effect of Cr 3+ doping on structural and optical properties of Eu 3+ doped LaVO 4 phosphor.
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Rai E, Yadav RS, Kumar D, Singh AK, Fulari VJ, and Rai SB
- Abstract
In this work, the Eu
3+ , Cr3+ doped and co-doped LaVO4 phosphors have been prepared through a high temperature solid-state reaction method. The powder XRD patterns of phosphors are very sharp and intense, which reflects a highly crystalline nature of phosphors. The XRD data were also refined by a Rietveld refinement method. The particle size of the phosphor samples lies in the sub-micron to micron range. The existence of La, Eu, Cr, V and O elements was verified by EDS spectra. The FTIR spectra show various absorption bands due to different vibrating groups. The optical band gap of the phosphor decreases on increasing concentration of Cr3+ ion. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of Eu3+ , Cr3+ co-doped LaVO4 phosphor exhibit bands due to Eu3+ and Cr3+ ions. The Eu3+ doped LaVO4 phosphor exciting at 393 and 316 nm wavelengths gives intense red color at 614 nm due to the5 D0 →7 F2 transition of the Eu3+ ion. When the Cr3+ ion is co-doped in the Eu3+ doped LaVO4 phosphor the emission spectra contain emission bands due to Eu3+ and Cr3+ ions. The emission intensity of Eu3+ doped phosphor reduces due to energy transfer from Eu3+ to Cr3+ ions in presence of Cr3+ ions upon 393 and 386 nm excitations. The lifetime of the5 D0 level of Eu3+ ions decreases in the Eu3+ , Cr3+ co-doped LaVO4 phosphor, which also reflects the energy transfer. The Eu3+ , Cr3+ co-doped LaVO4 phosphor also produces a large amount of heat upon 980 nm excitation. Thus, the Eu3+ , Cr3+ co-doped LaVO4 phosphors may be used for LEDs, solid state lighting and heat generating devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2023
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30. Long COVID Syndrome and Cardiovascular Manifestations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Shrestha AB, Mehta A, Pokharel P, Mishra A, Adhikari L, Shrestha S, Yadav RS, Khanal S, Sah R, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Padhi BK, and Chattu VK
- Abstract
(1) Background: Long COVID syndrome is a significant cause of morbidity in COVID-19 patients who remain symptomatic with varied clinical presentations beyond three weeks. Furthermore, the relevance of considering cardiovascular outcomes in post-COVID-19 syndrome is important in the current COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic searches were conducted from multiple databases without language restrictions until October 8, 2022, to find studies evaluating cardiovascular outcomes such as arrhythmias, myocardium and pericardium diseases, coronary vessel disease, and thromboembolic disorders in post-COVID cases. The pooled odds ratio (OR), and standard mean difference (SMD) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to find the association; (3) Results: Altogether, seven studies with a total of 8,126,462 (cases: 1,321,305; controls: 6,805,157) participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios of cardiovascular outcomes were significantly higher in post-COVID cases (OR > 1, p < 0.05) than in controls. However, the mortality (OR: 4.76, p = 0.13), and heart rate variability (SMD: -0.06, p = 0.91) between cases and controls were not statistically significant; (4) Conclusions: Significant cardiovascular sequelae in long COVID syndrome highlight the importance of careful cardiac monitoring of COVID-19 patients in the post-COVID phase to address cardiovascular complications as soon as possible; larger-scale prospective studies are required for accurate estimation.
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- 2023
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31. Optical transitions and radiative properties of green emitting Ho 3+ :YVO 4 phosphor.
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Singh V, Seshadri M, Taikar D, Dhoble SJ, and Yadav RS
- Abstract
The Ho
3+ -doped YVO4 phosphors were successfully prepared via a sol-gel process in which citric acid was used as a chelating agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the effective inclusion of Ho3+ ions into the host matrix with the formation of single phase YVO4 . The surface morphology was observed using SEM, the results of which showed a grain growth propensity and the agglomeration of prepared phosphors. The V-O (VO4 3- ) vibration mode was analyzed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The spectroscopic properties were reported through UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters Ω2 = 0.03 × 10-20 cm2 , Ω4 = 0.22 × 10-20 cm2 , and Ω6 = 0.23 × 10-20 cm2 obtained for the Y0.97 VO4 :0.03Ho3+ phosphors were used to obtain the total transition probabilities ( AT ), radiative lifetimes ( τrad ) and branching ratios ( β ) for the certain transitions of Ho3+ ions. Under 310 nm UV excitation, the visible emission spectra were measured, and an intense emission was observed around 541 nm (green region) for all the samples. The emission cross-section σP ( λ ) was 3.22 × 10-21 cm2 and the branching ratio ( β ) was 0.816; these were investigated to capture the optimal concentration of the Y0.97 VO4 :0.03Ho3+ phosphor. The estimated color coordinates were observed in the green region of CIE diagram. Ultimately, the superior properties ( σP ( λ ), β , and color purity) of Y0.97 VO4 :0.03Ho3+ phosphor may make it suitable for green emitting devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2023
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32. Dynamics of a spherical self-propelled tracer in a polymeric medium: interplay of self-propulsion, stickiness, and crowding.
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Yadav RS, Das C, and Chakrabarti R
- Abstract
We employ computer simulations to study the dynamics of a self-propelled spherical tracer particle in a viscoelastic medium, made of a long polymer chain. Here, the interplay between viscoelasticity, stickiness, and activity (self-propulsion) brings additional complexity to the tracer dynamics. Our simulations show that on increasing the stickiness of the tracer particle to the polymer beads, the dynamics of the tracer particle slows down as it gets stuck to the polymer chain and moves along with it. But with increasing self-propulsion velocity, the dynamics gets enhanced. In the case of increasing stickiness as well as activity, the non-Gaussian parameter (NGP) exhibits non-monotonic behavior, which also shows up in the re-scaled self part of the van-Hove function. Non-Gaussianity results owing to the enhanced binding events and the sticky motion of the tracer along with the chain with increasing stickiness. On the other hand, with increasing activity, initially non-Gaussianity increases as the tracer moves through the heterogeneous polymeric environment but for higher activity, the tracer escapes resulting in a negative NGP. For higher values of stickiness, the trapping time distributions of the passive tracer particle broaden and have long tails. On the other hand, for a given stickiness with increasing self-propulsion force, the trapping time distributions become narrower and have short tails. We believe that our current simulation study will be helpful in elucidating the complex motion of activity-driven probes in viscoelastic media.
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- 2023
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33. A new WHO bottle bioassay method to assess the susceptibility of mosquito vectors to public health insecticides: results from a WHO-coordinated multi-centre study.
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Corbel V, Kont MD, Ahumada ML, Andréo L, Bayili B, Bayili K, Brooke B, Pinto Caballero JA, Lambert B, Churcher TS, Duchon S, Etang J, Flores AE, Gunasekaran K, Juntarajumnong W, Kirby M, Davies R, Lees RS, Lenhart A, Lima JBP, Martins AJ, Müller P, N'Guessan R, Ngufor C, Praulins G, Quinones M, Raghavendra K, Verma V, Rus AC, Samuel M, Ying KS, Sungvornyothin S, Uragayala S, Velayudhan R, and Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mosquito Vectors, Public Health, Bayes Theorem, Mosquito Control methods, Insecticide Resistance, Biological Assay, World Health Organization, Insecticides pharmacology, Pyrethrins pharmacology, Anopheles, Malaria
- Abstract
Background: The continued spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors of malaria and arboviral diseases may lead to operational failure of insecticide-based interventions if resistance is not monitored and managed efficiently. This study aimed to develop and validate a new WHO glass bottle bioassay method as an alternative to the WHO standard insecticide tube test to monitor mosquito susceptibility to new public health insecticides with particular modes of action, physical properties or both., Methods: A multi-centre study involving 21 laboratories worldwide generated data on the susceptibility of seven mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto [An. gambiae s.s.], Anopheles funestus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles albimanus) to seven public health insecticides in five classes, including pyrethroids (metofluthrin, prallethrin and transfluthrin), neonicotinoids (clothianidin), pyrroles (chlorfenapyr), juvenile hormone mimics (pyriproxyfen) and butenolides (flupyradifurone), in glass bottle assays. The data were analysed using a Bayesian binomial model to determine the concentration-response curves for each insecticide-species combination and to assess the within-bioassay variability in the susceptibility endpoints, namely the concentration that kills 50% and 99% of the test population (LC
50 and LC99 , respectively) and the concentration that inhibits oviposition of the test population by 50% and 99% (OI50 and OI99 ), to measure mortality and the sterilizing effect, respectively., Results: Overall, about 200,000 mosquitoes were tested with the new bottle bioassay, and LC50 /LC99 or OI50 /OI99 values were determined for all insecticides. Variation was seen between laboratories in estimates for some mosquito species-insecticide combinations, while other test results were consistent. The variation was generally greater with transfluthrin and flupyradifurone than with the other compounds tested, especially against Anopheles species. Overall, the mean within-bioassay variability in mortality and oviposition inhibition were < 10% for most mosquito species-insecticide combinations., Conclusion: Our findings, based on the largest susceptibility dataset ever produced on mosquitoes, showed that the new WHO bottle bioassay is adequate for evaluating mosquito susceptibility to new and promising public health insecticides currently deployed for vector control. The datasets presented in this study have been used recently by the WHO to establish 17 new insecticide discriminating concentrations (DCs) for either Aedes spp. or Anopheles spp. The bottle bioassay and DCs can now be widely used to monitor baseline insecticide susceptibility of wild populations of vectors of malaria and Aedes-borne diseases worldwide., (© 2023. World Health Organization.)- Published
- 2023
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34. Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
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Manandhar D, Manandhar DN, Chhetri PK, Acharya N, Yogi RN, Upreti AR, Yadav RS, Shrestha N, and Joshi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Tertiary Care Centers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hospitalization, COVID-19 epidemiology, Acute Kidney Injury epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease can affect the renal system in various forms ranging from mild proteinuria to acute kidney injury, some even needing renal replacement therapy. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of acute kidney injury in patients admitted with COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre., Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in patients admitted in COVID-19 ward in our hospital from July 2021 to June 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 066-077/078). The serum creatinine level was used for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated., Results: Out of 80 patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of acute kidney injury was 25 (31.25%) (21.09-41.41, 95% Confidence Interval)., Conclusions: The prevalence of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients was similar to other studies done in similar settings., Keywords: acute kidney injury; COVID-19; Nepal.
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- 2023
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35. Non-permitted food colorants induced neurotoxicity in cerebellum of rat brain.
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Biswas P, Hasan W, Jain J, Kori RK, Bose D, and Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Rats, Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Brain, Catalase metabolism, Cerebellum metabolism, Cerebellum pathology, Glutathione metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation, Monoamine Oxidase, Oxidative Stress, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Food Coloring Agents toxicity, Neurotoxicity Syndromes etiology, Neurotoxicity Syndromes pathology
- Abstract
Food colorants are important food additives that not only enhance the appearance of food but also appetite. These can be obtained from natural and synthetic sources, but synthetic sources are more popular, efficient, and potential. Non-permitted food colorants (NPFCs) are banned, but their injudicious use in developing countries associated with various adverse health effects. They have potentially toxic effects on the body organs like the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, gut, etc. In view of their toxicity pattern, the present study aims to investigate the effect of three NPFCs (MY: Metanil yellow; MG: Malachite green; SIII: Sudan III) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial complexes, neurochemicals, and histological changes in the cerebellum of rats. Rats treated with MY (430 mg/kg), MG (13.75 mg/kg), SIII (250 mg/kg), and their mixtures (YGR) (MY 143.33 + MG 4.52 + SIII 83.33 mg/kg) p.o. for 60 days showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity as compared to controls. An increase in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a significant decrease in the activity of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) and mitochondrial complex I and II was also observed in NPFCs treated rats as compared to controls. Further, the histological study also revealed the loss of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of the rat brain. The results of the present study indicate that NPFCs exposure to rats enhances oxidative stress and alters the activity of neurochemicals and mitochondrial complexes which could further lead to neuronal loss and behavioral dysfunctions.
- Published
- 2022
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36. Functional Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites: Current Uses and Potential Applications.
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Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Polymers therapeutic use, Nanocomposites
- Abstract
In the present Special Issue "Functional Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites: Current Uses and Potential Applications", two review articles and nine original research articles are published [...].
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- 2022
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37. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Analysis of Metabolites in Pearl Millet Genotypes with High Concentrations of Slowly Digestible and Resistant Starch in Their Grains.
- Author
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Yadav CB, Gangashetty PI, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ, and Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Antioxidants, Galactose, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genotype, Heptanoates, Resistant Starch, Starch, Vitamins, Pennisetum genetics
- Abstract
Genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) should play an important role in the selection of suitable germplasm in breeding programmes. We here assessed GEI effects on pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes, selected to possess a high concentration of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) in their grains. Entries were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at locations in Bawku-Ghana, Sadore-Niger, Bamako-Mali, Konni-Nigeria, and Gampella-Burkina Faso across West Africa. Harvested grains from these locations were metabolomically profiled using flow injection ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). A total of 3144 mass features ( m/z ) (1560 negative ion mode and 1584 positive ion mode) were detected, of which, 475 m/z were linked to metabolites be involved in starch, antioxidant and lipid biosynthesis, and vitamin metabolism. Combined ANOVA revealed that the GEI was significantly evident for 54 health-benefiting metabolites, many associated with sugar, especially galactose, metabolism. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis examined genotype variation and GEI effects, which, when combined with principal component analysis (PCA), found that m/z 171.14864 (positive ionisation, propenyl heptanoate) accounted for 89% of the GEI variation along PC1. The AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB), modified AMMI stability value (MASV), and modified AMMI stability index (MASI) were then applied to identify stable and high-performing genotypes for all the health-benefiting metabolites. Similarly, the best-linear-unbiased-prediction (BLUP)-based stability estimation was also performed using the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), to identify genotype rankings across multiple environments. The multi-trait stability index (MTSI) was calculated and found that the genotypes G1 (ICMH-177111) and G24 (ICMX-207137) were the most stable and were the best mean performers across 52 health-benefiting metabolic traits. These findings demonstrate the potential of G × E assessments on the delivery of health-benefiting metabolite-rich grains in future varieties and hybrids of pearl millet.
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- 2022
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38. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin against rotenone-induced neuroinflammation and alterations in mice behavior.
- Author
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Jain J, Hasan W, Biswas P, Yadav RS, and Jat D
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Antioxidants pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine, Mice, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Quercetin pharmacology, Rotenone toxicity, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Parkinson Disease drug therapy, Pesticides
- Abstract
Various studies suggested that neuroinflammation leads to the development of several neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Rotenone is an organic pesticide and potent inhibitor of complex I of electron transport chain widely used to develop the PD model. Numerous studies reported rotenone toxicity in the dopaminergic system but very few studies are available on rotenone-induced glial cell activation and subsequent neurodegeneration and alterations in various types of behavior. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the effect of rotenone on neuroinflammation and its deleterious effect on the behavior of mice, and also how these effects can be protected through quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid having strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is found in vegetables and fruits. The finding of the study indicated that rotenone 5 mg/kg body weight for 60 days through oral gavage leads to the release of inflammatory markers in blood serum, astrocytes activation in substantia nigra and hippocampus, and subsequently decreased density of dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. Rotenone also altered the memory of the mice as indicated by decreased spontaneous alteration in Y-maze and T-maze tests and reduction in exploration time in novel object recognition, increased immobility time in the forced swim test and reduced muscular strength. Co-treatment of quercetin 30 mg/kg/day through oral gavage for 60 days along with rotenone significantly reversed all these adverse effects, suggesting that quercetin could reduce neuroinflammation, and improve memory, and cognitive function., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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39. A review of modern and Vedic practices on use of umbilical cord.
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Khosla S, Verma S, Datta S, Sharma S, Sharma R, Walia H, Sabrol H, Madan N, Rani M, Sood N, Singh Y, Kahol V, Rattan P, Pachpore P, Sethi S, Singh L, Raina KK, Yadav RS, Dutta S, Roy S, Parthipan K, Saidaiah G, Mukherjee R, Srilatha M, Devuni V, Aggarwal M, and Magesh
- Subjects
- Humans, India, Umbilical Cord, Stromal Cells
- Abstract
Stromal cells possess unique properties to regenerate themselves and cure various chronic illnesses. An easily available and ethical source for procurement of stromal cells is umbilical cord blood which is now being stored for future use. Vedic texts also describe the cord blood as a source of life. However, Indian traditions seem to preserve one more alternative for storage and procurement of stromal cells. Traditionally, in many parts of India, the umbilical cord stump is dried and stored for future use. It is used as a medicine for some illness and to treat infertility. Since Indian traditions are an excerpt of Vedic science, it points towards the possible emergence of dried stump as an easy and cost-effective means for stromal cell procurement and storage. The present review compiles the literature available on these traditional practices and stresses upon the need of rigorous experimental and theoretical research in the area.
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- 2022
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40. Large Spin-To-Charge Conversion at the Two-Dimensional Interface of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides and Permalloy.
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Bangar H, Kumar A, Chowdhury N, Mudgal R, Gupta P, Yadav RS, Das S, and Muduli PK
- Abstract
Spin-to-charge conversion is an essential requirement for the implementation of spintronic devices. Recently, monolayers (MLs) of semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable interest for spin-to-charge conversion due to their high spin-orbit coupling and lack of inversion symmetry in their crystal structure. However, reports of direct measurement of spin-to-charge conversion at TMD-based interfaces are very much limited. Here, we report on the room-temperature observation of a large spin-to-charge conversion arising from the interface of Ni
80 Fe20 (Py) and four distinct large-area (∼5 × 2 mm2 ) ML TMDs, namely, MoS2 , MoSe2 , WS2 , and WSe2 . We show that both spin mixing conductance and the Rashba efficiency parameter (λIREE ) scale with the spin-orbit coupling strength of the ML TMD layers. The λIREE parameter is found to range between -0.54 and -0.76 nm for the four ML TMDs, demonstrating a large spin-to-charge conversion. Our findings reveal that the TMD/ferromagnet interface can be used for efficient generation and detection of spin current, opening new opportunities for novel spintronic devices.- Published
- 2022
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41. Social Determinants of Stroke Hospitalization and Mortality in United States' Counties.
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Yadav RS, Chaudhary D, Avula V, Shahjouei S, Azarpazhooh MR, Abedi V, Li J, and Zand R
- Abstract
(1) Background: Stroke incidence and outcomes are influenced by socioeconomic status. There is a paucity of reported population-level studies regarding these determinants. The goal of this ecological analysis was to determine the county-level associations of social determinants of stroke hospitalization and death rates in the United States. (2) Methods: Publicly available data as of 9 April 2021, for the socioeconomic factors and outcomes, was extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The outcomes of interest were “all stroke hospitalization rates per 1000 Medicare beneficiaries” (SHR) and “all stroke death rates per 100,000 population” (SDR). We used a multivariate binomial generalized linear mixed model after converting the outcomes to binary based on their median values. (3) Results: A total of 3226 counties/county-equivalents of the states and territories in the US were analyzed. Heart disease prevalence (odds ratio, OR = 2.03, p < 0.001), blood pressure medication nonadherence (OR = 2.02, p < 0.001), age-adjusted obesity (OR = 1.24, p = 0.006), presence of hospitals with neurological services (OR = 1.9, p < 0.001), and female head of household (OR = 1.32, p = 0.021) were associated with high SHR while cost of care per capita for Medicare patients with heart disease (OR = 0.5, p < 0.01) and presence of hospitals (OR = 0.69, p < 0.025) were associated with low SHR. Median household income (OR = 0.6, p < 0.001) and park access (OR = 0.84, p = 0.016) were associated with low SDR while no college degree (OR = 1.21, p = 0.049) was associated with high SDR. (4) Conclusions: Several socioeconomic factors (e.g., education, income, female head of household) were found to be associated with stroke outcomes. Additional research is needed to investigate intermediate and potentially modifiable factors that can serve as targeted interventions.
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- 2022
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42. Intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in thin films of topological kagome ferromagnet Fe 3 Sn 2 .
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Khan KIA, Yadav RS, Bangar H, Kumar A, Chowdhury N, Muduli PK, and Muduli PK
- Abstract
Fe
3 Sn2 , a kagome ferromagnet, is a potential quantum material with intriguing topological features. Despite substantial experimental work on the bulk single crystals, the thin film growth of Fe3 Sn2 remains relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate the effect of two different seed layers (Ta and Pt) on the growth of Fe3 Sn2 thin films. We demonstrate the growth of polycrystalline Fe3 Sn2 thin films on Si/SiO2 substrates by room temperature sputter deposition, followed by in situ annealing at 500 °C. Our structural and magnetic measurements indicate that a pure ferromagnetic phase is formed for the Pt/Fe3 Sn2 thin films with higher saturation magnetization of Ms = 464 emu cc-1 , while a mixed-phase (consisting of ferromagnetic, Fe3 Sn2 and antiferromagnetic, FeSn) is formed for the Ta/Fe3 Sn2 thin films with a lower Ms of 240 emu cc-1 . The Pt/Fe3 Sn2 thin films also exhibit an anomalous Hall coefficient, Rs ≈ 2.6 × 10-10 Ω cm-1 G-1 at room temperature, which is two order of magnitude higher compared to 3d-transition metal ferromagnets. A non-zero temperature-independent anomalous Hall conductivity σ intxy = (23 ± 11) Ω-1 cm-1 indicates an intrinsic mechanism of anomalous Hall effect originating from Berry curvature. These results are important for realizing novel topological spintronic devices on a CMOS-compatible substrate.- Published
- 2022
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43. Spatial-type skeleton induced Geobacter enrichment and tailored bio-capacitance of electroactive bioanode for efficient electron transfer in microbial fuel cells.
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Li C, Feng Y, Liang D, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yadav RS, and He W
- Subjects
- Biofilms, Electrodes, Electrons, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Geobacter
- Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising alternative to energy-intensive conventional wastewater technology. However, poor electron transfer efficiency, low coulombic recovery (CR), and high capital cost highly restricted its practical application. In this work, spatial electroactive biofilm is successfully developed on the carbonaceous skeleton derived from phenolic foam, which highly improved the bio-capacitance and Geobacter abundance of bioanode. Compared with carbon cloth (CC) anode, the optimal spatial electroactive biofilm (3DP_900) enriched the Geobacter abundance up to 56.8% from 17.2%, and obtained an extraordinary electroactive biomass loading of about 339 ± 63 μg cm
-2 and a remarkable bio-capacitance of about 3.4 F. In general, spatial biofilm highly reduces the barriers to electron transfer (Rct ) and mass transfer (Rd ) in anodic substrate oxidation reaction and obtains the lowest Rct of 2.0 ± 0.2 Ω and Rd of 35 ± 3.3 Ω in 3DP_900, which also supports the highest power density at 0.347 ± 0.027 W m-2 and the highest CR at 69.2%. More importantly, due to its mature preparation technology, carbonized phenolic foam (2 cm thick pieces) reduces the capital cost of electrode preparation by three orders of magnitude from 1157.3 USD m-2 of CC to 5.2 USD m-2 . Overall, this work offers an effective and scalable electrode to achieve high substrate utilization rate and energy recovery efficiency, and considers the economic cost of electrode fabrication for the further construction of pilot-scale MFCs equipment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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44. Takayasu Arteritis Masquerading as Shoulder Pain: A Case Report.
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Poudel P, Oli P, Ojha P, Yadav RS, and Poudel BR
- Subjects
- Aorta, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Shoulder Pain complications, Shoulder Pain etiology, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Takayasu Arteritis complications, Takayasu Arteritis diagnosis, Takayasu Arteritis drug therapy
- Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a rare progressive chronic granular inflammation of the vessels that mainly affects the aorta and its branches. It is widely distributed in the world population and mainly involves young Asian women, manifesting as a systemic illness with myriads of cardiovascular signs and symptoms. The current case focuses on a young girl who had shoulder pain and weakness as the only manifestation of underlying Takayasu arteritis. Early clinical identification of the disease and control with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs could improve the outcome and prevent devastating sequelae., Keywords: arteritis; inflammation; shoulder pain; takayasu arteritis.
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- 2022
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45. Pediatric osmotic demyelination syndrome in a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis.
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Chaudhary A, Chaudhary A, Yadav RS, Shrestha Y, and Shah R
- Abstract
Cautious treatment of hyponatremia in diabetic ketoacidosis is necessary in order to avoid the development of osmotic demyelination syndrome which is a demyelinating disorder. Individualized supportive therapy would be fruitful for the management of such cases but there is a need for larger studies to guide the management., Competing Interests: None., (© 2022 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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46. Cu x Co 1-x Fe 2 O 4 (x = 0.33, 0.67, 1) Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.
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Anju, Yadav RS, Pötschke P, Pionteck J, Krause B, Kuřitka I, Vilčáková J, Škoda D, Urbánek P, Machovský M, Masař M, and Urbánek M
- Subjects
- Aluminum Oxide, Ferric Compounds, Graphite, Magnesium Oxide, Polyurethanes, Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles
- Abstract
Cu
x Co1-x Fe2 O4 (x = 0.33, 0.67, 1)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites exhibiting highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding were prepared by a melt-mixing approach using a microcompounder. Spinel ferrite Cu0.33 Co0.67 Fe2 O4 (CuCoF1), Cu0.67 Co0.33 Fe2 O4 (CuCoF2) and CuFe2 O4 (CuF3) nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method. The CuCoF1 and CuCoF2 exhibited typical ferromagnetic features, whereas CuF3 displayed superparamagnetic characteristics. The maximum value of EMI total shielding effectiveness (SET ) was noticed to be 42.9 dB, 46.2 dB, and 58.8 dB for CuCoF1-rGO-TPU, CuCoF2-rGO-TPU, and CuF3-rGO-TPU nanocomposites, respectively, at a thickness of 1 mm. The highly efficient EMI shielding performance was attributed to the good impedance matching, conductive, dielectric, and magnetic loss. The demonstrated nanocomposites are promising candidates for a lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient EMI shielding material.- Published
- 2022
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47. Probing intermolecular interactions and binding stability of kaempferol, quercetin and resveratrol derivatives with PPAR-γ: docking, molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA approach to reveal potent PPAR- γ agonist against cancer.
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Lokhande KB, Ballav S, Yadav RS, Swamy KV, and Basu S
- Subjects
- Kaempferols pharmacology, Molecular Docking Simulation, PPAR gamma chemistry, Quercetin chemistry, Resveratrol pharmacology, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Neoplasms
- Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), a ligand-activated transcription factor, suggested having anti-inflammatory effects by activating the target genes when bound to the ligand. Herein, we examined a conformational analysis of 8708 derivatives of Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Resveratrol, the prime activators of PPAR-γ molecular target by employing molecular docking and dynamic simulation pipeline to screen out potential agonists. The structure-based docking procedure performed by FlexX tool shortlisted high binding affinities of these derivatives of Kaempferol, Quercetin and Resveratrol with the protein receptor with a score of -38.94 kcal/mol (4'-Carboxy-5, 7-Dihydroxyflavone-CDHF), -41.63 kcal/mol (Demethyltorosaflavone D- DMTF) and -31.52 kcal/mol (Resveratrol-O-disulphate- RD) respectively, signifying the selected derivatives forms interactions like H-bond, Aromatic H-Bond, Pi-Pi stacking and salt bridges with PPAR-γ. The PPAR-γ-derivative complex was stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions. A greater interaction was significantly observed between the binding affinities of derivatives compared to the standards. Based on the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) carried by the means of high-speed molecular dynamics (MD) and simulation of best-docked poses, the ligand, DMTF attained the most favored interaction with PPAR-γ. Thus, it appeared to have high chemical scaffold diversity and may confer high drug-likeness. The binding free energy (ΔG) led us to manifest Quercetin derivative to have a key role for PPAR-γ receptor. The result obtained clearly indicates the exploitation of the promising new drug leads that may further influence in synthesizing and analyzing the development as anti-cancer agonists.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
- Published
- 2022
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48. Bioefficacy and durability of Olyset ® Plus, a permethrin and piperonyl butoxide-treated insecticidal net in a 3-year long trial in Kenya.
- Author
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Gichuki PM, Kamau L, Njagi K, Karoki S, Muigai N, Matoke-Muhia D, Bayoh N, Mathenge E, and Yadav RS
- Subjects
- Kenya, Piperonyl Butoxide pharmacology, Insecticides, Permethrin
- Abstract
Background: Long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) are a core malaria intervention. LLINs should retain efficacy against mosquito vectors for a minimum of three years. Efficacy and durability of Olyset
® Plus, a permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) treated LLIN, was evaluated versus permethrin treated Olyset® Net. In the absence of WHO guidelines of how to evaluate PBO nets, and considering the manufacturer's product claim, Olyset® Plus was evaluated as a pyrethroid LLIN., Methods: This was a household randomized controlled trial in a malaria endemic rice cultivation zone of Kirinyaga County, Kenya between 2014 and 2017. Cone bioassays and tunnel tests were done against Anopheles gambiae Kisumu. The chemical content, fabric integrity and LLIN survivorship were monitored. Comparisons between nets were tested for significance using the Chi-square test. Exact binomial distribution with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used for percentages. The WHO efficacy criteria used were ≥ 95% knockdown and/or ≥ 80% mortality rate in cone bioassays and ≥ 80% mortality and/or ≥ 90% blood-feeding inhibition in tunnel tests., Results: At 36 months, Olyset® Plus lost 52% permethrin and 87% PBO content; Olyset® Net lost 24% permethrin. Over 80% of Olyset® Plus and Olyset® Net passed the WHO efficacy criteria for LLINs up to 18 and 12 months, respectively. At month 36, 91.2% Olyset® Plus and 86.4% Olyset® Net survived, while 72% and 63% developed at least one hole. The proportionate Hole Index (pHI) values representing nets in good, serviceable and torn condition were 49.6%, 27.1% and 23.2%, respectively for Olyset® Plus, and 44.9%, 32.8% and 22.2%, respectively for Olyset® Net but were not significantly different., Conclusions: Olyset® Plus retained efficacy above or close to the WHO efficacy criteria for about 2 years than Olyset® Net (1-1.5 years). Both nets did not meet the 3-year WHO efficacy criteria, and showed little attrition, comparable physical durability and survivorship, with 50% of Olyset® Plus having good and serviceable condition after 3 years. Better community education on appropriate use and upkeep of LLINs is essential to ensure effectiveness of LLIN based malaria interventions., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
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49. Recent trends in global insecticide use for disease vector control and potential implications for resistance management.
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van den Berg H, da Silva Bezerra HS, Al-Eryani S, Chanda E, Nagpal BN, Knox TB, Velayudhan R, and Yadav RS
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- Animals, Humans, Insect Control methods, Insecticides supply & distribution, Mosquito Nets statistics & numerical data, Vector Borne Diseases epidemiology, Equipment and Supplies Utilization trends, Insect Control trends, Insect Vectors drug effects, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides classification, Vector Borne Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Insecticides have played a major role in the prevention, control, and elimination of vector-borne diseases, but insecticide resistance threatens the efficacy of available vector control tools. A global survey was conducted to investigate vector control insecticide use from 2010 to 2019. Out of 140 countries selected as sample for the study, 87 countries responded. Also, data on ex-factory deliveries of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were analyzed. Insecticide operational use was highest for control of malaria, followed by dengue, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Vector control relied on few insecticide classes with pyrethroids the most used overall. Results indicated that IRS programs have been slow to react to detection of pyrethroid resistance, while proactive resistance management using insecticides with unrelated modes of action was generally weak. The intensive use of recently introduced insecticide products raised concern about product stewardship regarding the preservation of insecticide susceptibility in vector populations. Resistance management was weakest for control of dengue, leishmaniasis or Chagas disease. Therefore, it will be vital that vector control programs coordinate on insecticide procurement, planning, implementation, resistance monitoring, and capacity building. Moreover, increased consideration should be given to alternative vector control tools that prevent the development of insecticide resistance., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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50. Refractory Epilepsy in a Toddler With PPP2R1A Gene Mutation and Congenital Hydrocephalus.
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Ruxmohan S, Quinonez J, Yadav RS, Shrestha S, Poudel S, and Stein JD
- Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine-threonine phosphatase that controls a variety of cellular functions. The PPP2R1A gene is present on chromosome 19 (19q13.41). Its mutation can interrupt B56δ-dependent dephosphorylation where B56δ is greatly expressed in the neural tissues. We present a case of a 14-month-old boy with infantile spasms, developmental delay, obstructive sleep apnea, PPP2R1A gene mutation, congenital hydrocephalus, hypoplastic/absent corpus callosum, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and medically refractory seizures. He underwent multiple surgical procedures that include endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and external ventricular drain for progressive hydrocephalus with multiple antiepileptic regimes for refractory epilepsy with variable response., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Ruxmohan et al.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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