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Copyright of Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene & Experimental Biology / Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji is the property of Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Fenugreek paste, which contains fenugreek and spices, is a popular food in Kayseri and the surrounding region of Türkiye. This study aims to evaluate the antitumor effects of an extract derived from fenugreek paste in Balb/C mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). Materials and Methods: In the in vivo experiments, fenugreek paste extract was administered at concent rations of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. For the in vitro study, extract concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL were used. At the end of the experiment, the volume of abdominal ascites fluid was measured, and cell counts were performed. Results: Fenugreek paste extract delayed weight gain due to EAT cell proliferation in the treatment groups and caused a significant decrease in the number of cells in the ascites fluid in the 400 mg/kg extract group (47.28×106) compared to the control group (67.60×106; p=0.041). Histopathological analysis revealed that EAT cells adhered intensely to tissues in the control group but adhered less in the treatment groups. The most significant decrease was observed in the 400 mg/kg fenugreek extract group. After 24 hours of culture, there was a substantial difference in EAT cell viability between the control group (5.9±0.2) and the treatment groups receiving 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL of fenugreek paste extract (5.7±0.2, 5.7±0.2, and 5.6±0.1, respectively; p=0.013). Conclusion: The study results suggested that fenugreek paste extract had an antitumor effect on EAT cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, seminal studies have been devoted to unraveling the puzzling mysteries associated with the cancer preventive/inhibitory role of melatonin. Our current knowledge of the translational mechanisms and the detailed structural insights have highlighted the characteristically exclusive role of melatonin in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastatic dissemination. This mini‐review outlines recent discoveries related to mechanistic role of melatonin in prevention of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, another exciting facet of this mini‐review is related to phenomenal breakthroughs linked with regulation of noncoding RNAs by melatonin in wide variety of cancers. Significance statement: There has been a paradigm shift in our understanding related to metamorphosis of simplistic view about melatonin from a sleep inducer to mechanistic role of melatonin in cancer prevention. Furthermore, regulation of noncoding RNAs particularly long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs is adding another layer of complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation has been widely used in many business sectors over the last century. Our study investigated the possible teratogenic effects of radiation on the bones of rat fetuses and the protective effect of melatonin against these effects. In this study, 15 pregnant female Wistar albino rats were used. These rats were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), radiation group (0.5 gray), radiation (0.5 gray) + melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), and sham group (1 mm hanks/day). The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal and scanning electron microscope (SEM), histopathological methods. In our study, fetal weight, placental weight, and fetal morphometric values were found to be statistically significantly decreased in the radiation group compared to the control group (p <.05). In immünohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase) concentrations were found to be significantly lower in the radiation group compared to the other groups. In the SEM analysis, it was observed that the amount of calcium and sodium decreased when the radiation group was compared with the other groups. As a result, when exposed to ionizing radiation during pregnancy, melatonin has a protective feature against the negative effects of radiation on the bone development of fetuses. Research Highlights: In our study, fetuses obtained from pregnant rats exposed to ionizing radiation were examined.In this study, the effect of melatonin on bone development in fetuses exposed to gray ionizing radiation was investigated.There are few studies on our subject in the literature. We believe that our findings will contribute to other planned studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin is a versatile indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to the photoperiodic information received by the retinohypothalamic signaling pathway. Melatonin has many benefits, such as organizing circadian rhythms and acting as a powerful hormone. We aimed to show the antitumor effects of melatonin in both in vivo and in vitro models through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the Argyrophilic Nucleolar Regulatory Region (AgNOR), using the Microcomputed Tomography (Micro CT). Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were administered into the mice by subcutaneous injection. Animals with solid tumors were injected intraperitoneally with 50 and 100 mg/kg melatonin for 14 days. Volumetric measurements for the taken tumors were made with micro-CT imaging, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and AgNOR. Statistically, the tumor tissue volume in the Tumor+100 mg/kg melatonin group was significantly lower than that in the other groups in the data obtained from micro-CT images. In the IHC analysis, the groups treated with Tumor+100 mg/kg melatonin were compared when the mTOR signaling pathway and factor 8 (F8) expression were compared with the control group. It was determined that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in the total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA) ratio in the treatment groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant differences between the amount of mTOR mRNA for the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase (PKB/AKT) genes (p < 0.05). Cell apoptosis was evaluated with Annexin V in an in vitro study with different doses of melatonin; It was observed that 100 µg/mL melatonin dose caused an increase in the apoptotic cell death. In this study, we have reported anti-tumor effects of melatonin in cell culture studies as well as in mice models. Comprehensive characterization of the melatonin-mediated cancer inhibitory effects will be valuable in advancing our fundamental molecular understanding and translatability of pre-clinical findings to earlier phases of clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and progression of sepsis are multifactorial and influence the immunological, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems of the body. Our knowledge of the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis has expanded exponentially, yet this still needs to be translated into effective targeted therapeutic regimes. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether resveratrol has positive effects in the experimental sepsis rat model. Twenty‐eight male Spraque–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7) as follows: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (30 mg/kg dose), resveratrol, and LPS and resveratrol. After the experiment, liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological evaluation, blood serums were collected to measure malondialdehyde levels with enyzme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) immunoreactivity density was evaluated immunohistochemically. In addition, messenger RNA expression levels for TLR4, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin 6 were measured. In addition, the damage observed in liver and kidney tissue was determined by AgNOR (argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions) staining. LPS application caused severe tissue damage, oxidative stress, and increased the expressions of proinflammatory proteins and genes we evaluated, while resveratrol application eliminated these negativities. Resveratrol has been proven to suppress the TLR4/NF‐κB/TNF‐α pathway, a possible therapeutic signaling pathway that is important in initiating the inflammatory response in an animal model of sepsis. Significance Statement: Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are potent activators of the inflammatory response. TLR4 is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis. Resveratrol has a protective role on liver and kidney functions in sepsis via the TLR4/nuclear factor‐κB/tumor necrosis factor‐α signaling pathway. AgNOR (argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions) staining intensity, which quantifies tissue damage, increased in liver tissues in a lipopolysaccharide‐induced sepsis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the protective effect of melatonin was investigated in lipopolysaccharide induced sepsis model. Twenty‐eight rats were randomly divided: Control, Melatonin, LPS and LPS + Melatonin. After LPS application, surgically remove kidney and liver tissues. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) an oxidative stress marker and the immunoreactivity of Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and transcription factor NF‐κB were evaluated immunohistochemically. Expression levels for TLR4, TNF‐α, NF‐kB, IL‐1β (interleukin 1 beta), and IL‐6 (interleukin 6) were evaluated. Additionally, Argyrophilic NOR staining was performed in tissues. Vacuolization and inflammation were more intense in the kidney and liver sections in the LPS group compared to the other groups. It was observed that vacuolization and inflammation were decreased in LPS + Melatonin applied groups. It was determined that glomerular damage was increased in the LPS and LPS‐melatonin groups, but the damage rate LPS‐Melatonin group was decrease in the LPS group. It was determined that the MDA level in tissues of the LPS group was importantly increased compared to other groups. Additionally, TAA/NA ratio statistically significant differences were discovered between the groups. This study supports the potential protective effects of 10 mg/kg melatonin by modulating critical markers of local immune reaction in a model of LPS‐induced sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The transition to distance learning in nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic, where clinical practice is critical, may have caused senior nursing students to experience a sense of graduating without sufficient skills and experience anxiety in addition to the anxiety caused by the pandemic. Non-pharmacological methods such as acupressure may be helpful in reducing students' anxiety. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure on senior nursing students' anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This prospective, two-armed (1:1), randomized controlled study included fifty-two senior nursing students at a university nursing department. While the experimental group (n=26) applied acupressure to the LI4, HT7, and EX-HN3 points three times a week for four weeks, acupressure was not applied to the control group (n=26). Data were collected at baseline and at the end of four weeks using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: At the end of four weeks, there was no significant difference between the STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores of the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). The STAI-State score of the experimental group decreased significantly in the fourth week compared to the baseline (p<0.05). Conclusion: Research findings revealed that self-administered acupressure by senior nursing students was effective in reducing moderate state anxiety during the pandemic, but not trait anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the stress levels of first‐year nursing students end of the first day of clinical practice and the factors affecting these. Design and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross‐sectional study. A student information form and the clinical stress questionnaire (CSQ) were used to collect the research data. Findings: The average CSQ score of the students was 23.57 ± 8.35 and it was determined that the students experienced below‐average stress. Practice Implications: In line with the results obtained from the study, it was observed that the student's CSQ scores at the end of the first day of clinical practice were below average, and their biggest fear about clinical practice was that they would harm the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In previous studies, cefiderocol resistance in I E. coli i has been mainly attributed to the increased copy number and expression of the I bla i SB NDM sb -like gene.[2] Thus, we first investigated the gene copy number of I bla i SB NDM sb using the average coverage of reads generated from WGS data normalized to the average coverage of several intrinsic chromosomal genes used as reference ( I bla i SB EC sb -like, I gyrB i , I tonB i , I rpoB i ). Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin that is very promising for the treatment of infections caused by MDR bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of carob extract against intratesticular histological, apoptotic, biochemical and spermatogenic changes in rats exposed to nicotine. Twenty‐eight rats were divided into four groups and were administered saline, nicotine, carob, or nicotine + carob once a day for 35 days. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), GSH, total anti‐oxidative status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), IL‐6, TNF‐α and seminal parameters were evaluated. Johnsen's testicular histopathological examination, factor VIII protein (angiogenesis marker) and the number of apoptotic cells were determined in the testicular tissues. The spermatogenic and histopathological examination revealed that nicotine + carob group had significant positive changes in seminal parameters, Johnsen score, apoptotic cell count and factor VIII protein compared to nicotine group. Biochemical test results indicated that the nicotine + carob group had significantly lower TAS levels compared to the control group; however, those levels were higher than those of the nicotine group. Nicotine caused a significant increase in IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels compared to the control group, but carob seems to significantly counteract that increase. In conclusion, carob extract had positive effects on spermatogenesis and reduced testicular parenchymal damage, apoptosis and angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal electrical activity and recurrent seizures in the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in hypoxia and iron metabolism can stimulate seizures through the CNS and cardiac system. Cardiovascular system disorders such as arrhythmias also accompany this process. It was aimed to examine the genes of TFRC-1 and TIM-2, which contribute to ion homeostasis by providing hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) -1 and intracellular iron flow, through the kindled model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). HIF-1α, TFRC-1 and TIM-2 gene expressions were investigated in both brain and heart tissue by RT-PCR method. As a result of the data, TIM-2 expression significantly decreased in the brain (p<0.01) and cardiac ventricle tissue (p<0.05) in female rats. TFRC-1 gene expression decreased in female brain tissue (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that TFRC-1 and TIM-2 gene modulation may have therapeutic potential in epilepsy patients. In addition, TFRC-1 and TIM-2 genes may contribute to ferroptosis and oxidative stress mechanisms known to be associated with the seizure process by regulating iron transfer into the cell. It is crucial to conduct new studies on behalf of the future to elucidate iron metabolism in epilepsy through the TIM-2 and TFRC-1 genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of embryonal developmental disorders. In addition, melatonin reduces oxidative stress in the body and is known as a potential treatment for adverse effects of caffeine on fetal development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the teratogenic effect of caffeine on fetal kidney development and the protection of melatonin against the teratogenicity in terms of biochemical parameters. Methods: 5-7 months old Wistar-Albino rats (n=24) weighing 180-220 g were divided into seven groups for control, caffeine, melatonin, and caffeine+melatonin (co-injection). Control group: Serum physiological (SF) as 1 mL/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.), Sham group: 0.1 ml hanks as i.p., Low dose caffeine group: 30 mg/kg caffeine as gavage, Low dose caffeine+melatonin group: 30 mg/kg dose gavage with 10 mg/kg melatonin as i.p., High dose caffeine group: 60 mg/kg caffeine as gavage, High dose caffeine+melatonin group: 60 mg/kg dose gavage with 10 mg/kg melatonin as i.p., and Melatonin group: 10 mg/kg melatonin as i.p. Results: Total antioxidant status (TAS) values were 0.49±0.02 in the control group and 0.14±0.00 in the high dose caffeine group. In addition, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), calcium (Ca), vitamin D and GSH/GSSG levels were examined (p<0.001). Conclusion: Melatonin has shown that caffeine has an essential role in reducing teratogenic effects and also reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, melatonin is a potential treatment for oxidative stress and caffeine teratogenicity in embryonic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and recurrent seizures representing the principal clinical manifestation. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the predominant cause of death in young epileptic patients. SUDEP patients displayed an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, probably due to an impaired autonomic control of CV functions, but the underlying mechanisms need to be explored yet. Therefore, we aimed to examine the cardiac morphological alterations in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled rat model, a well-established tool for studying chronic epilepsy. To complete this, the distance between the atria, between the atrium and ventricle were measured, the heart was weighed, and the pathological morphology of dissected hearts was analyzed by histological assessment with hematoxylin and eosin staining. A significantly decreased distance between atria and a significant increase in heart weight were observed in PTZ-kindled rats which interestingly also displayed increased hemorrhagic content when compared with controls. Our findings provided evidence that changes in cardiac morphology may be related to autonomic CV dysfunctions occurring during SUDEP while also opening up more avenues to better develop novel drugs for the treatment of this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental and clinical studies of cardiac pathology associated with epilepsy have demonstrated an impact on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Molecular investigation of the neurotransmitters related receptor and ion channel directing ANS might help in understanding the associated mechanism. In this paper, we investigated the role of acetylcholine (ACh), which demonstrates both sympathetic and parasympathetic roles in targeted expression in terms of the relevant receptor and ion channel. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play a significant role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and controlling cell excitability and are prominently expressed in both the excitable and non-excitable tissues. The immunoreactivity of ACh-activated Kir3.1 channel and muscarinic ACh receptors (M2) in autonomic centers such as the brainstem, vagus nerve (VN) and atria of heart was confirmed by both histological staining and pathological tissue analysis. Significant upregulations of Kir3.1 and M2 receptors were observed in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled epileptic rats for all related tissues investigated, whereas no pathological difference was observed. These findings provide proof-of-concept that changes in ACh-associated immunoreactivity might be linked to the ANS dysfunctions associated with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has always been a quest to search for synthetic and natural compounds having premium pharmacological properties and minimum off-target and/or side effects. Therefore, in accordance with this approach, scientists have given special attention to the molecules having remarkable ability to target oncogenic protein network, restore drug sensitivity and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The mechanisms through which general anesthetics modulated wide-ranging deregulated cell signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs remained unclear. However, rapidly accumulating experimentally verified evidence has started to resolve this long-standing mystery and a knowledge about these important molecular targets has surfaced and how these drugs act at the molecular level is becoming more understandable. In this review we have given special attention to available evidence related to ability of propofol to modulate Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT and mTOR-driven pathway. Excitingly, great strides have been made in sharpening our concepts related to potential of propofol to modulate non-coding RNAs in different cancers. Collectively, these latest findings offer interesting, unexplored opportunities to target deregulated signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Auditory neuropathy is synchronization disorders of auditory function. Auditory synchronization disorders caused by auditory nerve and by synaptic area of auditory nerve with inner hair cell. The functional impairment occurs during the transformation of energy from inner ear or after the conversion electrical energy. Cochlear implant is an amplificator that direct stimulate auditory nevre. How is the electrphysiological response in auditory neuropathy patiens? The purpose of this study was to investigate intraoperative the electrophysiological response in auditory neuropathy patients. MATERIALS and METHODS In this study, 9 patients with auditory neuropathy and 10 patients with non-auditory neuropathy were included. İntraoperative measurements were performed each patients after cohlear implantation. İmpedance and Neural Response Threshold (NRT) were evaluated in the intraoperative measurements. Obtained values were copared statistically in patients with and without neuropathy. RESULTS: Obtained electrophysiological responses provides important information to clinicians during rehabilitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]