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1. Degradation of fast-ion confinement depending on the neutral beam power in MHD quiescent LHD plasmas

Author: H. Nuga, R. Seki, K. Ogawa, H. Yamaguchi, S. Kamio, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Kawamoto, M. Yoshinuma, T. Kobayashi, Y. Takemura, M. Isobe, M. Osakabe, and M. Yokoyama
Subjects: fast-ion confinement, Fokker–Planck, neutron emission rate, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: We investigated the degradation of neutral beam (NB) fast-ion confinement depending on the NB power without magnetohydrodynamics instabilities in the Large Helical Device (LHD). In the LHD deuterium experiment, the neutron emission rate per NB power decreased by up to 20% with increasing injected NBs during a single discharge. Because there were no significant variations in the electron temperature and density, the NB shine-through rate, or the magnetic fluctuation due to the change in NB power, the reduction in the neutron emission rate indicates the degradation of the fast-ion confinement. In this paper, we formulated this degradation depending on the NB power and quantitatively estimated the degraded effective confinement time. In addition, we performed neutron emission rate simulations using the obtained effective confinement time. The simulation and experimental results were in good agreement, suggesting that the degraded effective confinement time is valid.
Published: 2024
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2. Overview of Large Helical Device experiments of basic plasma physics for solving crucial issues in reaching burning plasma conditions

Author: K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, N. Kenmochi, F. Nespoli, R.M. Magee, F. Warmer, A. Dinklage, A. Matsuyama, R. Sakamoto, T. Nasu, T. Tokuzawa, T. Kinoshita, K. Tanaka, N. Tamura, K. Nagaoka, M. Nishiura, Y. Takemura, K. Ogawa, G. Motojima, T. Oishi, Y. Morishita, J. Varela, W.H.J. Hayashi, M. Markl, H. Bouvain, Y. Liang, M. Leconte, D. Moseev, V.E. Moiseenko, C.G. Albert, I. Allfrey, A. Alonso, F.J. Arellano, N. Ashikawa, A. Azegami, L. Bardoczi, M. van Berkel, M. Beurskens, M.W. Binderbaue, A. Bortolon, S. Brezinsek, R. Bussiahn, A. Cappa, D. Carralero, I.C. Chan, J. Cheng, X. Dai, D.J. Den Hartog, C.P. Dhard, F. Ding, A. Ejiri, S. Ertmer, T. Fornal, K. Fujita, Y. Fujiwara, H. Funaba, L. Garcia, J.M. Garcia-Regana, I. Garcia-Cortés, I.E. Garkusha, D.A. Gates, Y. Ghai, E.P. Gilson, H. Gota, M. Goto, E.M. Green, V. Haak, S. Hamaguchi, K. Hanada, H. Hara, D. Hartmann, Y. Hayashi, T. Henning, C. Hidalgo, J. Hillairet, R. Hutton, T. Ido, H. Igami, K. Ikeda, S. Inagaki, A. Ishizawa, S. Ito, M. Isobe, Y. Isobe, M. Ivkovic, Z. Jiang, J. Jo, S. Kamio, H. Kasahara, D. Kato, Y. Katoh, Y. Kawachi, Y. Kawamoto, G. Kawamura, T. Kawate, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Klumper, A. Knieps, W.H. Ko, S. Kobayashi, F. Koike, Yu.V. Kovtun, M. Kubkowska, S. Kubo, S.S.H. Lam, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, S. Lazerson, J. Lestz, B. Li, L. Liao, Z. Lin, R. Lunsford, S. Masuzaki, H. Matsuura, K.J. McCarthy, D. Medina-Roque, O. Mitarai, A. Mollen, C. Moon, Y. Mori, T. Morisaki, S. Morita, K. Mukai, I. Murakami, S. Murakami, T. Murase, C.M. Muscatello, K. Nagasaki, D. Naujoks, H. Nakano, M. Nakata, Y. Narushima, A. Nagy, J.H. Nicolau, T. Nishizawa, S. Nishimoto, H. Nuga, M. Nunami, R. Ochoukov, S. Ohdachi, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, N.A. Pablant, N. Panadero, B. Peterson, J. de la Riva Villén, J. Romazanov, J. Rosato, M. Rud, S. Sakakibara, H.A. Sakaue, H. Sakai, I. Sakon, M. Salewski, S. Sangaroon, S. Sereda, T. Stange, K. Saito, S. Satake, R. Seki, T. Seki, S. Sharapov, A. Shimizu, T. Shimozuma, G. Shivam, M. Shoji, D.A. Spong, H. Sugama, Z. Sun, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, T. Tajima, E. Takada, H. Takahashi, K. Toi, Y. Tsuchibushi, N. Tsujii, K. Tsumori, T.I. Tsujimurai, G. Ueno, H. Uehara, J.L. Velasco, E. Wang, K.Y. Watanabe, T. Wauter, U. Wenzel, M. Yajima, H. Yamada, I. Yamada, K. Yanagihara, H. Yamaguchi, R. Yanai, R. Yasuhara, M. Yokoyama, Y. Yoshimura, M. Zarnstorff, M. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong, Q. Zhou, S. Ziaei, LHD Experiment Group, and the W7-X Team
Subjects: Large Helical Device, basic plasma physics, burning plasma, wave–particle interaction, ion mixing, turbulence spreading, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Recently, experiments on basic plasma physics issues for solving future problems in fusion energy have been performed on a Large Helical Device. There are several problems to be solved in future devices for fusion energy. Emerging issues in burning plasma are: alpha-channeling (ion heating by alpha particles), turbulence and transport in electron dominant heating helium ash exhaust, reduction of the divertor heat load. To solve these problems, understanding the basic plasma physics of (1) wave–particle interaction through (inverse) Landau damping, (2) characteristics of electron-scale (high- k ) turbulence, (3) ion mixing and the isotope effect, and (4) turbulence spreading and detachment, is necessary. This overview discusses the experimental studies on these issues and turbulent transport in multi-ion plasma and other issues in the appendix.
Published: 2024
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3. Enhanced plasma performance in C-2W advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration experiments

Author: H. Gota, A. Smirnov, M.W. Binderbauer, T. Tajima, S. Putvinski, J.B. Titus, M. Nations, T. Roche, E. Trask, T. DeHaas, S.A. Dettrick, E.M. Granstedt, D.K. Gupta, S. Gupta, A.A. Ivanov, S. Korepanov, R.M. Magee, T. Matsumoto, J.A. Romero, P. Yushmanov, K. Zhai, L. Schmitz, Z. Lin, S. Krasheninnikov, E.A. Baltz, J.C. Platt, E.V. Belova, T. Asai, A.I. Smolyakov, S. Abdollahi, S. Abramov, A. Alexander, I. Allfrey, R. Andow, D.C. Barnes, B. Barnett, J. Barrett, M. Beall, N.G. Bolte, E. Bomgardner, A. Bondarenko, F. Brighenti, J. Buttery, S. Caton, F. Ceccherini, Y. Choi, R. Clary, A. Cooper, C. Deng, A. de Vera, J. Drobny, A. Dunaevsky, C. Exton, A. Fareed, P. Feng, C. Finucane, D. Fluegge, A. Fontanilla, Y. Fujiwara, L. Galeotti, S. Galkin, R. Groenewald, T. Hsyu, K. Hubbard, R. Jaber, L. Jian, N. Kafle, S. Kamio, S. Karbashewski, J.S. Kinley, A. Korepanov, G. Koumarianou, S. Krause, P. Kudrin, C.K. Lau, H. Leinweber, J. Leuenberger, D. Lieurance, M. Litton, R. Luna, R. Luong, J. MacFarlane, D. Madura, J. Margo, D. Marshall, V. Matvienko, M. Meekins, W. Melian, R. Mendoza, R. Michel, M. Morehouse, Y. Musthafa, S. Nazarenko, A. Necas, B.S. Nicks, N. Nwoke, S. Ohshima, M. Onofri, R. Page, J. Park, E. Parke, S. Patel, L. Pennings, K. Phung, G. Player, L. Rios, I. Sato, J.H. Schroeder, Y. Shimabukuro, M. Showers, A. Sibley, M. Signorelli, M. Slepchenkov, R.J. Smith, G. Snitchler, V. Sokolov, D. Solyakov, Y. Song, B. Sporer, L.C. Steinhauer, C. Stonier, A. Stratta, J. Sweeney, M. Tobin, M. Tuszewski, J. Ufnal, T. Valentine, S. Vargas, A.D. Van Drie, V. Vekselman, A. Veksler, C. Weixel, C. White, M. Wollenberg, J. Wood, Y. Zhou, S. Ziaei, and the TAE Team
Subjects: field-reversed configuration, compact toroid, neutral beam injection, aneutronic fusion, beam-driven FRC, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: TAE Technologies’ fifth-generation fusion device, C-2W (also called ‘Norman’), is the world’s largest compact-toroid device and has made significant progress in field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma performance. C-2W produces record breaking, macroscopically stable, high-temperature advanced beam-driven FRC plasmas, dominated by injected fast particles and sustained in steady state, which is primarily limited by neutral-beam (NB) pulse duration. The NB power supply system has recently been upgraded to extend the pulse length from 30 ms to 40 ms, which allows for a longer plasma lifetime and thus better characterization and further enhancement of FRC performance. An active plasma control system is routinely used in C-2W to produce consistent FRC performance as well as for reliable machine operations using magnet coils, edge-biasing electrodes, gas injection and tunable-energy NBs. Google’s machine learning framework for experimental optimization has also been routinely used to enhance plasma performance. Dedicated plasma optimization experimental campaigns, particularly focused on the external magnetic field profile and NB injection (NBI) optimizations, have produced a superior FRC plasma performance; for instance, achieving a total plasma energy of ∼13 kJ, a trapped poloidal magnetic flux of ∼16 mWb (based on the rigid-rotor model) and plasma sustainment in steady state up to ∼40 ms. Furthermore, under some operating conditions, the electron temperature of FRC plasmas at a quiescent phase has successfully reached up to ∼1 keV at the peak inside the FRC separatrix for the first time. The overall FRC performance is well correlated with the NB and edge-biasing systems, where higher total plasma energy is obtained with higher NBI power and applied voltage on biasing electrodes. C-2W operations have now reached a mature level where the machine can produce hot, stable, long-lived, and repeatable plasmas in a well-controlled manner.
Published: 2024
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4. Observation of significant Doppler shift in deuterium-deuterium neutron energy caused by neutral beam injection in the large helical device

Author: S. Sangaroon, K. Ogawa, M. Isobe, M. I. Kobayashi, Y. Fujiwara, S. Kamio, H. Yamaguchi, R. Seki, H. Nuga, E. Takada, S. Murakami, G. Q. Zhong, and M. Osakabe
Subjects: Doppler effect, Compact neutron emission spectrometer, Large helical device, Liquid scintillator, Neutral beam heating, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Abstract The compact neutron emission spectrometer (CNES) having a tangential sightline was installed to observe a significant Doppler shift of the neutron energy due to the high-energy tangential neutral beam (NB) injections in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for understanding of the energy distribution of fast-ion. The CNES is based on a 1-inch diameter and 1-inch height EJ301 liquid scintillator coupled with a conventional 1-inch photomultiplier tube. The histogram of the integrated pulse signal (Q total) during different NBs heating phases measured by the CNES shows that the edge of Q total changes depending on NB directions. Using the simple derivative unfolding technique, the neutron energy spectra were unfolded from the measured Q total histogram. Peaks of the neutron energy shift to 2.0 MeV, 2.42 MeV, and 3.0 MeV according to the injection direction of NBs. The obtained neutron energy is almost consistent with the virgin deuterium-deuterium neutron energy evaluated by the simple two-body kinematics considering the sightline of CNES, NB injection angle, and NB injection energy.
Published: 2022
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5. Pole position of Λ(1405) measured in d(K−,n)πΣ reactions

Author: S. Aikawa, S. Ajimura, T. Akaishi, H. Asano, G. Beer, C. Berucci, M. Bragadireanu, P. Buehler, L. Busso, M. Cargnelli, S. Choi, C. Curceanu, S. Enomoto, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, T. Fukuda, C. Guaraldo, T. Hashimoto, R.S. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, M. Iliescu, K. Inoue, Y. Ishiguro, S. Ishimoto, T. Ishikawa, K. Itahashi, M. Iwai, M. Iwasaki, K. Kanno, K. Kato, Y. Kato, S. Kawasaki, P. Kienle, Y. Komatsu, H. Kou, Y. Ma, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, Y. Mizoi, O. Morra, R. Murayama, T. Nagae, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, Z. Omar, H. Outa, K. Piscicchia, Y. Sada, A. Sakaguchi, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, A. Scordo, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, K. Shirotori, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, K. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, K. Tanida, H. Tatsuno, A.O. Tokiyasu, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, O. Vazquez-Doce, E. Widmann, T. Yamaga, T. Yamazaki, H. Yim, Q. Zhang, and J. Zmeskal
Subjects: Hyperon resonance, Meson-baryon bound state, Kaon-nucleon interation, Scattering amplitude, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We measured a set of π±Σ∓, π0Σ0, and π−Σ0 invariant mass spectra below and above the K¯N mass threshold in K−-induced reactions on deuteron. The measured πΣ mass spectral shape is well reproduced via the two-step mechanism, i.e., a neutron knocked out at a forward angle from a deuteron by an incident K−, with the K¯ recoiled backward reacting with the residual nucleon to produce π and Σ. We deduced the S-wave K¯N→πΣ and K¯N→K¯N scattering amplitudes in the isospin 0 channel in the framework of a K¯N and πΣ coupled channel. We find that a resonance pole corresponding to Λ(1405) is located at 1417.7−7.4+6.0 (fitting errors)−1.0+1.1 (systematic errors) + [−26.1−7.9+6.0 (fitting errors)−2.0+1.7 (systematic errors)] i MeV/c2, closer to the K¯N mass threshold than the value determined by the Particle Data Group.
Published: 2023
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6. 'K−pp', a K‾-meson nuclear bound state, observed in 3He(K−,Λp)n reactions

Author: S. Ajimura, H. Asano, G. Beer, C. Berucci, H. Bhang, M. Bragadireanu, P. Buehler, L. Busso, M. Cargnelli, S. Choi, C. Curceanu, S. Enomoto, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, T. Fukuda, C. Guaraldo, T. Hashimoto, R.S. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, M. Iliescu, K. Inoue, Y. Ishiguro, T. Ishikawa, S. Ishimoto, K. Itahashi, M. Iwasaki, K. Kanno, K. Kato, Y. Kato, S. Kawasaki, P. Kienle, H. Kou, Y. Ma, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, Y. Mizoi, O. Morra, T. Nagae, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, K. Piscicchia, Y. Sada, A. Sakaguchi, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, A. Scordo, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, K. Shirotori, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, K. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, K. Tanida, H. Tatsuno, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, O. Vazquez Doce, E. Widmann, T. Yamaga, T. Yamazaki, Q. Zhang, and J. Zmeskal
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We observed a distinct peak in the Λp invariant mass spectrum of He3(K−,Λp)n, well below mK+2mp, i.e., the mass threshold of the K− to be bound to two protons. By selecting a relatively large momentum-transfer region q=350∼650 MeV/c, one can kinematically separate the peak from the quasi-free process, K‾N→K‾N followed by the non-resonant absorption by the two spectator-nucleons K‾NN→ΛN. We found that the simplest fit to the observed peak gives us a Breit–Wigner pole position at BKpp=47±3(stat.)−6+3(sys.) MeV having a width ΓKpp=115±7(stat.)−20+10(sys.) MeV, and the S-wave Gaussian reaction form-factor parameter QKpp=381±14(stat.)−0+57(sys.) MeV/c, as a new form of the nuclear bound system with strangeness – “K−pp”. Keywords: Kaon, Strangeness, Mesonic nuclear bound state
Published: 2019
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7. POS-161 A CASE OF EGPA THAT DEVELOPED DURING REMISSION OF IGA NEPHROPATHY

Author: Y. Soma, K. Mori, Y. Noguchi, S. Kimura, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Itou, T. Okawa, M. Murakami, K. Matsuo, S. Tanaka, N. Mori, and A. Sugawara
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Published: 2021
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8. Down-grading of ipsilateral hydronephrosis by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with better oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with ureteral cancer

Author: M. Miyake, N. Marugami, Y. Fujiwara, K. Komura, T. Inamoto, H. Azuma, H. Matsumoto, H. Matsuyama, N. Nishimura, S. Hori, T. Owari, Y. Itami, Y. Nakai, and K. Fujimoto
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2020
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9. Promoting a medical system for renal transplantation in the remote island in Japan

Author: H. Hirano, H. Fujisaki, Y. Tokeshi, Y. Fujiwara, T. Matsunaga, H. Uehara, H. Nomi, K. Komura, and N. Ibuki
Subjects: Remote islands, Renal transplantation, Surgery, RD1-811
Published: 2020
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10. Synthesis of endohedral-fullerenes using laser ablation plasma from solid material and vaporized fullerenes

Author: H. Itagaki, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Minowa, Y. Ikehara, T. Kaneko, T. Okazaki, Y. Iizumi, J. Kim, and H. Sakakita
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We have recently developed a technique to synthesize endohedral fullerenes that involves the collision of vaporized fullerenes and plasma particles produced following the laser ablation of a solid material. Using this technique, we synthesized N@C60 using a boron nitride rod as the source of the plasma particles. Optical emission measurements showed that the kinetic energy of N+ ions could be controlled from 20 to 65 eV by changing the energy of the incident laser beam. The synthesis of N@C60 was performed with a N+ kinetic energy of 65 eV, a C60 vaporizing temperature of 800 °C, and a total reaction time of one hour. By optimizing the kinetic energy for producing the encapsulated particles, we were able to synthesis N@C60 with a purity of 4.52 x 10−3%. The purity of our material was two orders of magnitude higher than that achieved using alternative physical synthetic methods that use solid materials, such as arc discharge and co-evaporation methods.
Published: 2019
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11. The biological response of macrophages to PMMA particles with different morphology and size

Author: R. Yoshioka, Y. Nakashima, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Komohara, M. Takeya, and Y. Nakanishi
Subjects: Biological response, Macrophages, PMMA particles, Viability, Proinflammatory cytokine, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: We used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles to investigate the relationship between particle properties and biological responses of macrophages. In a previous study, we reported that biological response of these immune cells was activated by a specific PMMA particle size. In this study, biological responses of macrophages to particle parameters other than and in conjunction with size were evaluated. However, particle size as a biologically active factor of the biological response has not been characterized in detail. Here, macrophage viability and proinflammatory cytokine production were investigated to elucidate the relationship between particle size, added volume, and added surface area, and the biological response of macrophages. Decrease of cell viability was observed when relatively large particles were tested (5.6–19.3 μm). Production of proinflammatory cytokines was elicited by 5.6- and 9.6-μm particles. Cell death occurred when the added volume exceeded 1×105 μm3 per cell. Proinflammatory cytokines were produced upon stimulation with added volume between 1×105 and 4.5×105 μm3 per cell. Cell death was elicited when the added surface area per cell exceeded 1×105 μm2 and proinflammatory cytokines were produced with the added surface area per cell between 1×105 and 3×105 μm2. These results suggested that biologically active factors exert their effect through added volume and added surface area rather than through particle size. This work will contribute to biological responses after total joint replacement since particles generated in the joint as a result of load bearing lead to tissue reaction and joint loosening.
Published: 2016
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12. Effect of particle size on biological response by human monocyte-derived macrophages

Author: H. Chikaura, Y. Nakashima, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Komohara, M. Takeya, and Y. Nakanishi
Subjects: Particle size, Biological response, Artificial joint, Macrophage, Cytokines, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles from artificial joints induce osteolysis and the subsequent loosening of implants. Studies have reported that particles in the size range of 0.1–10 μm are the most biologically active in macrophage immune response. To develop prosthetic joints with greater longevity and durability, it is crucial to understand the deleterious effects of wear particles. In this study, to evaluate the effects of particle size on the activities of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs), seven differently sized particles of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), in the range of 0.1–20 μm, were prepared. Viability and the secretion of cytokines were evaluated after phagocytosis of each size particles by HMDMs. Differences in the viability of HMDMs after phagocytosis of particles sized 0.16–9.6 μm were statistically significant. Proinflammatory cytokine production of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 by HMDMs was strongly induced by 0.8 μm PMMA particles. Consistent with the fact that macrophages are known to respond to pathogens measuring approximately 1.0 μm in size, in this study, PMMA particles measuring 0.8 μm in size induced an immune response. This work provides fundamental data for the designing of surface profiles of prosthetic joints, Which may expect the lower incidence of immune response.
Published: 2016
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13. Enhanced photo/electroluminescence properties of Eu-doped GaN through optimization of the growth temperature and Eu related defect environment

Author: W. Zhu, B. Mitchell, D. Timmerman, A. Uedono, A. Koizumi, and Y. Fujiwara
Subjects: Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The influence of growth temperature on the surface morphology and luminescence properties of Eu-doped GaN layers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy was investigated. By using a Eu source that does not contain oxygen in its molecular structure, and varying the growth temperature, the local defect environment around the Eu3+ ions was manipulated, yielding a higher emission intensity from the Eu3+ ions and a smoother sample surface. The optimal growth temperature was determined to be 960 °C and was used to fabricate a GaN-based red light-emitting diode with a significantly higher output power.
Published: 2016
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14. Comparison of Shingled Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording and Three-Dimensional Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Author: T. Kobayashi, Y. Nakatani, and Y. Fujiwara
Subjects: bit aspect ratio, 10 years of archiving, writing sensitivity, ATI, 3D HAMR, temperature profile, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, LC writing
Abstract: In this work we examine grain arrangement and medium structure, temperature profile during writing, adjacent track interference, information stability during 10 years of archiving, information stability in a high Curie temperature (HC) layer during writing in a low Curie temperature (LC) layer, and writing sensitivity on 4 Tbpsi shingled heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) with a bit aspect ratio of 1.5 and 2 Tbpsi/layer (total density of 4 Tbpsi) three-dimensional (3D) HAMR with bit aspect ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. A small bit aspect ratio is preferable in 3D HAMR. The grain aspect ratios for both HAMR and 3D HAMR may be too large when it comes to manufacturing the recording layer. The low Curie temperature of the LC layer may be disadvantageous with respect to the writing property. The readout field is small for both the LC and HC layers in 3D HAMR. The writing sensitivity for HAMR is worse than that for 3D HAMR because the statistical factor is affected by the readout grain number and erasure-after-write is affected by the grain column number. Although both HAMR and 3D HAMR have disadvantages, the poor writing sensitivity in HAMR is a serious problem.
Published: 2023

15. The Japan-Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia (J-MINT): The Study Protocol for an 18-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Author: T. Sugimoto, T. Sakurai, H. Akatsu, T. Doi, Y. Fujiwara, A. Hirakawa, F. Kinoshita, M. Kuzuya, S. Lee, K. Matsuo, M. Michikawa, S. Ogawa, R. Otsuka, K. Sato, H. Shimada, H. Suzuki, H. Takechi, S. Takeda, H. Umegaki, S. Wakayama, and H. Arai
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, Psychological intervention, Cognitive decline, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevention of dementia, law.invention, multidomain intervention, cognitive training, Cognition, Japan, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, law, physical exercise, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, Exercise, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Neuropsychological test, medicine.disease, Cognitive training, Nutrition Assessment, nutrition, Physical therapy, Female, business
Abstract: Background/Objectives The Japan-multimodal intervention trial for prevention of dementia (J-MINT) is intended to verify the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions and to clarify the mechanism of cognitive improvement and deterioration by carrying out assessment of dementia-related biomarkers, omics analysis and brain imaging analysis among older adults at high risk of dementia. Moreover, the J-MINT trial collaborates with partnering private enterprises in the implementation of relevant interventional measures. This manuscript describes the study protocol. Design/Setting Eighteen-month, multi-centered, randomized controlled trial. Participants We plan to recruit 500 older adults aged 65–85 years with mild cognitive impairment. Subjects will be centrally randomized into intervention and control groups at a 1:1 allocation ratio using the dynamic allocation method with all subjects stratified by age, sex, and cognition. Intervention The multi-domain intervention program includes: (1) management of vascular risk factors; (2) group-based physical exercise and self-monitoring of physical activity; (3) nutritional counseling; and (4) cognitive training. Health-related information will be provided to the control group every two months. Measurements The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the change from baseline to 18 months in a global composite score combining several neuropsychological domains. Secondary outcomes include: cognitive change in each neuropsychological test, incident dementia, changes in blood and dementia-related biomarkers, changes in geriatric assessment including activities of daily living, frailty status and neuroimaging, and number of medications taken. Conclusions This trial that enlist the support of private enterprises will lead to the creation of new services for dementia prevention as well as to verify the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions for dementia prevention. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.14283/jpad.2021.29 and is accessible for authorized users.
Published: 2021

16. Studies of energetic particle transport induced by multiple Alfvén eigenmodes using neutron and escaping energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device deuterium plasmas

Author: K. Ogawa, M. Isobe, S. Kamio, H. Nuga, R. Seki, S. Sangaroon, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Fujiwara, E. Takada, S. Murakami, J. Jo, Y. Takemura, H. Sakai, K. Tanaka, T. Tokuzawa, R. Yasuhara, and M. Osakabe
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, neutron, deuterium experiment, energetic particle, energetic particle transport, Alfv´en eigenmode, Condensed Matter Physics, Large Helical Device
Abstract: Studies of energetic particle transport due to energetic-particle-driven Alfvénic instability have progressed using neutron and energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device deuterium plasmas. Alfvénic instability excited by injecting an intensive neutral beam was observed by a magnetic probe and a far-infrared laser interferometer. The interferometer showed Alfvénic instability composed of three modes that existed from the core to the edge of the plasma. A comparison between the observed frequency and shear Alfvén spectra suggested that the mode activity was most likely classified as an Alfvénic avalanche. A neutron fluctuation detector and a fast ion loss detector indicated that Alfvénic instability induced transport and loss of co-going transit energetic ions. The dependence of the drop rate of the neutron signal on the Alfvénic instability amplitude showed that significant transport occurred. Significant transport might be induced by the large amplitude and radially extended multiple modes, as well as a large deviation of the energetic ion orbit from the flux surface.
Published: 2022

17. Down-grading of ipsilateral hydronephrosis by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with better oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with ureteral cancer

Author: Nagaaki Marugami, Yoshitaka Itami, Takuya Owari, Shunta Hori, Y. Fujiwara, K. Fujimoto, H. Azuma, Yasushi Nakai, N. Nishimura, Hideyasu Matsuyama, T. Inamoto, M. Miyake, K. Komura, and H. Matsumoto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Ureteral cancer, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, medicine, In patient, business, Grading (tumors), Hydronephrosis
Published: 2020

18. K - Pp bound system at J-PARC

Author: Eberhard Widmann, M. Iliescu, Haruhiko Outa, Hiroaki Ohnishi, K. Inoue, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Hiroyuki Noumi, Takashi Ishikawa, Makoto Tokuda, Masahiko Iwasaki, H. Tatsuno, Akihisa Toyoda, Toshimitsu Yamazaki, D. Tomono, M. Sato, Paul Kienle, Ken Suzuki, Michael Cargnelli, Kotaro Shirotori, Florin Sirghi, Hiroyuki Fujioka, Atsushi Sakaguchi, G. Beer, Oton Vazquez Doce, Shun Enomoto, Shinji Okada, Yue Ma, Hyoungchan Bhang, Mario Bragadireanu, Paul Buehler, K. Kato, Alessandro Scordo, T. Hashimoto, H. Kou, O. Morra, Johann Marton, Catalina Curceanu, Johannes Zmeskal, Y. Kato, Carolina Berucci, S. Kawasaki, Takatoshi Suzuki, Seonho Choi, L. Busso, S. Ajimura, Tomofumi Nagae, Masami Iio, Fuminori Sakuma, Y. Ishiguro, Qi Zhang, Y. Sada, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, Yutaka Mizoi, Kyo Tsukada, C. Guaraldo, Ryugo S. Hayano, H. Asano, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, Shigeru Ishimoto, Koki Kanno, Shoji Suzuki, Kristian Piscicchia, T. Yamaga, Kiyoshi Tanida, Hexi Shi, Diana Sirghi, Michiko Sekimoto, and Kenta Itahashi
Subjects: Physics, Binding energy, Bound state, J-PARC, State (functional analysis), Atomic physics
Abstract: The K¯NN bound system, symbolically denoted as “K−pp”, is the simplest K¯-nuclear bound system which has been widely discussed as a consequence of the strongly attractive K¯N interaction in I = 0 channels. Many theoretical works have pointed out the existence of the “K−pp” bound system, but the calculated properties such as the binding energy and the width spread out due to the uncertainty of the K¯N interaction below the K¯+N mass threshold. Experimentally, there are several reports on observation of a “K−pp” candidate with the binding energy of around 100 MeV, however, no definitive evidence was available so far. At J-PARC, we conducted a experimental search for the “K−pp” bound system using K− + 3He reaction at 1.0 GeV/c where the “K−pp” is expected to be directly produced via the (K−, n) reaction. We finally observed a bound state below the K− +p+p mass threshold in the Λpn final state, which can be interpreted as the “K− pp” bound state. The possible existence of the “K− pp” state is discussed from both aspects of production and decay.
Published: 2020

19. Progress in modelling fast-ion D-alpha spectra and neutral particle analyzer fluxes using FIDASIM

Author: M. Weiland, R. Dux, P. A. Schneider, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Zs. Poloskei, A. Jansen van Vuuren, Benedikt Geiger, R. Fischer, Alvin Garcia, A. N. Karpushov, D. Liu, I. Sfiligoi, Y. Fujiwara, Luke Stagner, and William Heidbrink
Subjects: Spectrum analyzer, Materials science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Analytical chemistry, Alpha (ethology), 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral particle, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion
Abstract: FIDASIM is a code that models signals produced by charge-exchange reactions between neutrals and ions (both fast and thermal) in magnetically confined plasmas. With the ion distribution function as input, the code predicts the efflux to a neutral particle analyzer diagnostic and the photon radiance of Balmer-alpha light to a fast-ion Dα diagnostic, in addition to many other related quantities. A new, parallelized version of the Monte Carlo code FIDASIM has been developed in Fortran90 that is substantially faster than the original interactive data language version. Modified algorithms include more accurate treatments of the time dependent collisional-radiative equations that describe neutral energy levels, of the cloud of ‘halo’ neutrals that surround the injected neutral beam, and of finite Larmor radius effects. Enhanced physics capabilities include modelling ‘passive’ signals from cold edge neutrals, the ability to treat general three-dimensional magnetic confinement configurations, and calculations of diagnostic-specific weight functions that enable tomographic reconstructions of the fast-ion distribution function. Neutral beam attenuation, beam emission, and fast-ion birth profiles are also modelled. The new algorithms have been successfully validated against experimental data and new features have been tested through benchmarks between two independently developed versions of the code.
Published: 2020

20. Thermal neutron flux evaluation by a single crystal CVD diamond detector in LHD deuterium experiment

Author: Tomomi Tsubouchi, Makoto I. Kobayashi, Y. Fujiwara, Akira Uritani, Minoru Sakama, Kunihiro Ogawa, Sachiko Yoshihashi, Takeo Nishitani, Shuji Kamio, Mitsutaka Isobe, and Masaki Osakabe
Subjects: Materials science, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Ion, PHITS, 03 medical and health sciences, Large Helical Device, neutron, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, MCNP, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Plasma, Computer Science::Numerical Analysis, Neutron temperature, Deuterium, Dosimetry concepts and apparatus, Atomic physics, diamond detector, Single crystal
Abstract: The single crystal CVD diamond detector (SDD) was installed in the torus hall of the Large Helical Device (LHD) to measure neutrons with high time resolution and neutron energy resolution. The LiF foil with 95.62 % of 6Li isotope enrichment pasted on the detector was used as the thermal neutron convertor as the energetic ions of 2.0 MeV alpha and 2.7 MeV triton particles generated in LiF foil and deposited the energy into SDD. SDD were exposed to the neutron field in the torus hall of the LHD during the 2nd campaign of the deuterium experiment. The total pulse height in SDD was linearly propotional to the neutron yield in a plasma operation in LHD over 4 orders of magnitude. The energetic alpha and triton were separately measured by SDD with LiF with the thickness of 1.9 μm, although SDD with LiF with the thickness of 350 μm showed a broadened peak due to the large energy loss of energetic particles generated in the bulk of LiF. The modeling with MCNP and PHITS codes well interpreted the pulse height spectra for SDD with LiF with different thicknesses. The results above demonstrated the sufficient time resolution and energy discrimination of SDD used in this work.
Published: 2019

21. The isotope effect on impurities and bulk ion particle transport in the Large Helical Device

Author: Gen Motojima, Hiroto Takahashi, Motoki Nakata, Masayuki Yokoyama, K. Yamazaki, T. Oishi, Ryuichi Sakamoto, M. Emoto, Ryosuke Seki, Naoki Tamura, Suguru Masuzaki, R. Mackenbach, Kenichi Nagaoka, Izumi Murakami, Kiyofumi Mukai, Masaki Osakabe, Mikirou Yoshinuma, Junwei Chen, Chihiro Suzuki, S. Morita, Katsumi Ida, Haruhisa Nakano, Sadayoshi Murakami, Tomohiro Morisaki, Shuji Kamio, Masanori Nunami, Y. Fujiwara, Motoshi Goto, T. Kobayashi, K. Fuji, Hiroshi Yamada, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Turbulence in Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Large Helical Device, impurity transport, Deuterium, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Impurity, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Kinetic isotope effect, ion particle transport, large helical device, 010306 general physics, Ion transporter, isotope effect
Abstract: The isotope effect on impurities and bulk ion particle transport is investigated by using the deuterium, hydrogen, and isotope mixture plasma in the Large Helical Device (LHD). A clear isotope effect is observed in the impurity transport but not the bulk ion transport. The isotope effects on impurity transport and ion heat transport are observed as a primary and a secondary effect, respectively, in the plasma with an internal transport barrier (ITB). In the LHD, an ion ITB is always transient because the impurity hole triggered by the increase of ion temperature gradient causes the enhancement of ion heat transport and gradually terminates the ion ITB. The formation of an impurity hole becomes slower in the deuterium (D) plasma than the hydrogen (H) plasma. This primary isotope effect on impurity transport contributes the longer sustainment of the ion ITB state because the low ion thermal diffusivity can be sustained as long as the normalized carbon impurity gradient R/L n,c, where L c =-(∇n c/n c) -1 is above the critical value (∼-5). Therefore, the longer sustainment of the ITB state in the deuterium plasma is considered to be a secondary isotope effect due to the mitigation of the impurity hole. The radial profile of H and D ion density is measured using bulk charge exchange spectroscopy inside the isotope mixture plasma. The decay time of H ion density after the H-pellet injection and the decay time of D ion density after D-pellet injection are almost identical, which demonstrates that there is no significant isotope effect on ion particle transport.
Published: 2019

22. Analysis of NB Fast-Ion Loss Mechanisms in MHD Quiescent LHD Plasmas

Author: Kunihiro Ogawa, Ryohsuke Seki, Mitsutaka Isobe, Sadayoshi Murakami, Masayuki Yokoyama, Masaki Osakabe, Shuji Kamio, Y. Fujiwara, H. Yamaguchi, and H. Nuga
Subjects: Materials science, neo-classical transport, Plasma, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, fast ion confinement, Condensed Matter Physics, charge exchange, Ion
Abstract: Neutral beam (NB) fast-ion loss mechanisms in the large helical device (LHD) are investigated by the combination of the neutron measurement, the classical slowing-down simulation, and the neo-classical guiding center orbit following simulation. It is found that the neo-classical transport provides little contribution to the loss of tangentially injected NB fast-ions. For perpendicularly injected NB fast-ions, the neo-classical transport has more than 40% contribution to the NB fast ion loss. These results indicate that there are other loss mechanisms dominant in LHD plasmas. The charge exchange loss is one of the plausible candidates for the loss mechanism.
Published: 2021

23. Initial Results of Hydrogen and Deuterium Beam Ion Simultaneous Transport due to Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmode in the Large Helical Device

Author: Kunihiro Ogawa, H. Nuga, Masaki Osakabe, S. Sangaroon, Ryosuke Seki, Mitsutaka Isobe, Y. Fujiwara, Chio-Zong Cheng, Shuji Kamio, and Kenichi Nagaoka
Subjects: neutral particle analyzer, Toroid, Materials science, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, toroidal Alfvén eigenmode, Ion, Large Helical Device, Deuterium, chemistry, Normal mode, Physics::Plasma Physics, TAE burst, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The behavior of energetic particles (EPs) associated with toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) activities during the combined injection of hydrogen and deuterium beams was investigated in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The enhanced transports of both proton and deuteron with TAE activities were simultaneously observed by a tangentially viewing and mass and energy resolved neutral particle analyzer (E|B-NPA). At the timing of the TAE bursts with the mode number n = 1, both proton and deuteron were transported to the outboard and observed with the similar energies of 137 - 138 keV. At the peak amplitude of the magnetic fluctuations measured by the Mirnov coils, the mixed frequencies of 64 kHz and 29 kHz were identified, and the observed frequencies did not chirp down. The observed timings of the transported hydrogen and deuterium were just after the magnetic fluctuations of 64 kHz and 29 kHz, respectively. By adapting the cross-correlation analysis, the delay times from the magnetic fluctuation to the detection of EPs by E|B-NPA are estimated to 95 μs and 145 μs for hydrogen and deuterium, respectively. These delays are considered to be the time of the radial transport, and the time delays depended on the velocities of the transported EPs.
Published: 2021

24. Thermal neutron measurement by single crystal CVD diamond detector applied with the pulse shape discrimination during deuterium plasma experiment in LHD

Author: Tomomi Tsubouchi, Shuji Kamio, Y. Fujiwara, S. Sangaroon, Makoto I. Kobayashi, Takeo Nishitani, Masaki Osakabe, Minoru Sakama, Mitsutaka Isobe, Kunihiro Ogawa, Maurizio Angelone, Akira Uritani, Sachiko Yoshihashi, Kobayashi, M. I., Angelone, M., Yoshihashi, S., Ogawa, K., Isobe, M., Nishitani, T., Sangaroon, S., Kamio, S., Fujiwara, Y., Tsubouchi, T., Uritani, A., Sakama, M., and Osakabe, M.
Subjects: Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Gamma-ray, Large Helical Device, Optics, Thermal neutron, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Pulse shape discrimination, Civil and Structural Engineering, Single crystal CVD diamond detector, Neutron monitor, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, Computer Science::Numerical Analysis, Neutron temperature, Full width at half maximum, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Neutron source, business
Abstract: The Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique for single crystal CVD diamond detector (SDD) was applied to the real-time thermal neutron measurement during the 3rd campaign of Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) plasma experiment in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The PSD method is based upon the different shape of electrical pulses produced in diamond by gamma-ray (triangular-shaped pulse) and energetic ions (rectangular-shaped pulse), respectively. An improved PSD was developed which makes use of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the full width at 2/3 of the peak height (FW2/3 PH). These two parameters reflect the difference in the pulse shape produced by gamma-rays and energetic ions. The performance of this improved PSD technique was first tested irradiating the SDD by gamma-rays from 60Co and alphas from 241Am radiation sources, respectively. Then, using a 6LiF thermal neutron converter, a successful discrimination between gamma-rays and alpha particles and tritons generated by the 6Li(n,α)3H reaction induced by neutrons from 252Cf spontaneous fission neutron source was achieved. Thanks to this PSD processing technique, the thermal neutron detection efficiency increased about 1.7 times compared to previous measurements performed without the PSD technique. The real-time thermal neutron measurement by SDD with this enhanced PSD processing was also used during D-D plasma discharges in the Large Helical Device (LHD). It was found that both the time integrated counts and the time evolution count rate measured by the SDD reproduced well that of the fission chamber used as official LHD neutron monitor. The capability of the SDD detector using the PSD technique of precise real-time thermal neutron measurement in LHD was demonstrated.
Published: 2020

25. Energetic particle transport and loss induced by helically-trapped energetic-ion-driven resistive interchange modes in the Large Helical Device

Author: Ryosuke Seki, H. Nuga, Shuji Kamio, Masaki Osakabe, H. Yamaguchi, Hideaki Matsuura, Donald A. Spong, Kunihiro Ogawa, Mitsutaka Isobe, Y. Fujiwara, and Shota Sugiyama
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Neutron emission, energetic particle mode, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Ripple, energetic particle confinement, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, netron diagnostics, Large Helical Device, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), the Large Helical Device
Abstract: In this work, energetic-ion confinement and loss due to energetic-ion driven magnetohydrodynamic modes are studied using comprehensive neutron diagnostics and orbit-following numerical simulations for the Large Helical Device (LHD). The neutron flux monitor is employed in order to obtain global confinement of energetic ions and two installed vertical neutron cameras (VNCs) viewing different poloidal cross-sections are utilized in order to measure the radial profile of energetic ions. A strong helically-trapped energetic-ion-driven resistive interchange mode (EIC) excited in relatively low-density plasma terminated high-temperature state in LHD. Changes in the neutron emission profile due to the EIC excitation are clearly visualized by the VNCs. The reduction in the neutron signal for the helical ripple valley increases with EIC amplitude, which reaches approximately 50%. In addition to the EIC experiment, orbit-following simulations using the DELTA5D code with EIC fluctuations were performed to assess the energetic-ion transport and loss. Two-dimensional temporal evolution results show that the neutron emissivity at the helical ripple decreases significantly due to the EIC. The rapid reduction in neutron emissivity shows that the helically-trapped beam ions immediately escape from the plasma. The reduction in the VNC signals for the helical ripple valley and the total neutron emission rate increase with increasing EIC amplitude, as observed in the experiment. Calculated line-integrated neutron emission results show that the profile measured by VNC1 has one peak, whereas the profile measured by VNC2 has two peaks, as observed in the experiment. Although the neutron emission profile for VNC2 has a relatively wide peak compared with the experimental results, the significant decrease in neutron signal corresponding to the helical ripple valley was successfully reproduced.
Published: 2020

26. Observation of clump structure in transported particle orbit using an upgraded neutral particle analyzer during TAE burst in LHD

Author: Chio-Zong Cheng, M. Isobe, H. Nuga, Shuji Kamio, Masaki Osakabe, Kenichi Nagaoka, H. Yamaguchi, Kunihiro Ogawa, Ryosuke Seki, and Y. Fujiwara
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrum analyzer, neutral particle analyzer, toroidal Alfv´en eigenmodes, Physics::Plasma Physics, TAE burst, Particle, Orbit (control theory), Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral particle
Abstract: Toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) bursts are often observed in relatively low-magnetic-field experiments in the Large Helical Device (LHD) with tangential nuclear beam injection. During TAE bursts, hole-clump pairs in real space were observed in previous studies. In order to observe the behavior of the energetic particles during TAE bursts in more detail, a tangential E-parallel-B-type neutral particle analyzer (E|B-NPA) was upgraded to improve the time resolution up to 100 kilo samples per second by updating its measurement electronic circuits. Using this high time resolution E|B-NPA, the clump formations are clearly observed in real space. In order to analyze the observed particles with high time resolution, the conditional averaging technique is used. The lost energetic particles with 150 keV were initially observed just before the TAE burst, and the energy decreases faster than the classical slowing down time. The energetic particles transported by the TAE burst were detected with energy slowing down time of 6–8 ms for more than 6 ms after the TAE burst had finished. According to the orbit trace code Lorentz orbit (LORBIT) calculation, the particle pitch angle and radial location (ρ = r/a99) of the energetic particles resonating with the TAE mode frequency are increased by 5° and 0.2, respectively, during TAE bursts. These results are consistent with the observed downward frequency chirping of the magnetic fluctuation. By comparing the energy of the detected particles by E|B-NPA and the corresponding frequency of the magnetic fluctuation, the pitch angles of the resonant particles are considered to be 15°–25° at 150 keV before they are transported by the TAE burst. The frequency chirping of the magnetic fluctuation shows good agreement with the observed clump structure by considering the pitch angle of the resonant particles.
Published: 2020

27. Performance of the newly installed vertical neutron cameras for low neutron yield discharges in the Large Helical Device

Author: Kunihiro Ogawa, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Fujiwara, S. Sangaroon, Ryosuke Seki, Shuji Kamio, Makoto I. Kobayashi, H. Nuga, Mitsutaka Isobe, and Masaki Osakabe
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Nuclear Theory, Collimator, 01 natural sciences, Collimated light, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Large Helical Device, Optics, law, Neutron flux, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, business, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Two new vertical neutron cameras characterized by high detection efficiency were developed on the Large Helical Device in order to observe poloidal structures of helically trapped beam ions created by the perpendicularly injected positive-ion based neutral beam (P-NB) and are newly operated since 2018. In this work, the neutron fields at the vertical neutron cameras are investigated using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code to evaluate the performance of its collimators. The results indicate that neutrons are attenuated by the heavy concrete and are well collimated through the collimator to detectors. Neutron spectra at the detector position show over 99% of uncollided 2.45 MeV neutrons. Time evolution of neutron emission profiles during the short pulse of P-NB injection is measured by the vertical neutron cameras. Peaks on the neutron emission profiles corresponding to the helically trapped beam ion are successfully obtained, as designed. The decrease in line integrated neutron flux at the peak positions after the P-NB stops is consistent with the behavior of the total neutron emission rate measured by the neutron flux monitor.
Published: 2020

28. Enhancement of an E parallel B type neutral particle analyzer with high time resolution in the Large Helical Device

Author: Masaki Osakabe, Y. Fujiwara, Kunihiro Ogawa, H. Yamaguchi, Ryosuke Seki, H. Nuga, M. Isobe, Takeo Nishitani, and Shuji Kamio
Subjects: Large Helical Device, Spectrum analyzer, Materials science, Plasma diagnostics - charged-particle spectroscopy, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, Time resolution, Type (model theory), Neutral particle, Instrumentation, Molecular physics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: In order to study fast ion confinement and transport mechanisms both in quiescent plasmas and in the presence of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activity, an electric field parallel to the magnetic field type neutral particle analyzer (E|B-NPA) was installed using Micro-Channel Plates (MCPs) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The E|B-NPA is an established diagnostic used to measure the energy distribution of charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasmas corresponding to hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, respectively. The LHD deuterium experimental campaign started in 2017. To obtain more details of MHD behavior, we improved on time resolution performance of the E|B-NPA using a high-speed Pre-Amplifier and Discriminator (PAD) and Latching Scaler Module (LSM). For the last LHD experimental campaign, the E|B-NPA was installed on nearly the equatorial plane of the vacuum chamber to measure the passing energetic particles generated by tangentially injected neutral beams. As the results of the E|B-NPA commissioning, it is confirmed that the E|B-NPA successfully detected the energetic particles and obtained the energy distributions corresponding to hydrogen. Also, the effect of the neutron to E|B-NPA is estimated using the other neutron diagnostics during the experiments.
Published: 2020

29. MENTAL HEALTH WELL-BEING AND ITS RELATED FACTORS OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN SENIOR CITIZEN’S COLLEGE IN JAPAN

Author: Y Inoue, Q Yuan, S Matsuura, Y Fujiwara, K Shinohara, and Hayato Uchida
Subjects: Gerontology, Related factors, Abstracts, Health (social science), Well-being, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Psychology, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Mental health
Abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the mental health well-being and its related factors of participants in senior citizen’s college in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 270 persons (age 68.5+/-4.6) aged sixty years or over living in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Mental health well-being was assessed using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization Mental Health Well-being Index-five items, WHO-５. The total score of WHO-５ was 17.6+/-4.8 among all participants. From the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, “social isolation” (OR=5.013, 95%CI=1.884–13.343) and “people cannot be trusted” (OR=3.482, 95%CI=1.125–10.784) were independently associated with low mental health well-being (WHO-５). These results suggest that, to advance the well-being of the Japanese elderly, it is necessary to develop and implement the projects which promote social functions including trust and close relationship with others, neighbors or family members.
Published: 2018

30. Search for deeply bound Kaonic nuclear states via3He(K-, n) reaction at J-PARC

Author: D. Tomono, H. Tatsuno, S. Ishimoto, Akihiro Toyoda, Makoto Tokuda, Alessandro Scordo, M. Iwasaki, Yue Ma, K. Itahashi, Shinji Okada, L. Busso, Florin Sirghi, Hiroaki Ohnishi, K. Tsukada, T. Yamazaki, Haruhiko Outa, Michael Cargnelli, K. Inoue, T. Hashimoto, Mario Bragadireanu, Tomofumi Nagae, Hiroyuki Noumi, Paul Buehler, M. Iliescu, H. Kou, Y. Kato, C. Guaraldo, S. Y. Suzuki, P. Kienle, T. Ishiwatari, Diana Sirghi, G. A. Beer, M. Sekimoto, Y. Sada, O. Vazquez Doce, Y. Ishiguro, Fuminori Sakuma, E. Widmann, O. Morra, Catalina Curceanu, Johann Marton, T. Ishikawa, M. Iwai, Johann Zmeskal, Ken Suzuki, S. Ajimura, Masami Iio, M. Poli Lener, T. Suzuki, Aya Sakaguchi, H. Yim, S. Kawasaki, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Mizoi, Hiroyuki Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, A. Romero Vidal, B. K. Wuenschek, K. Tanida, H. C. Bhang, S. Choi, Shun Enomoto, T. Yamaga, Hexi Shi, Masatoshi Sato, K. Piscicchia, Q. Zhang, Yasuhiro H. Matsuda, D. Faso, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, and Ryugo S. Hayano
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Bound state, J-PARC
Published: 2014

31. A search for deeply-bound kaonic nuclear states by in-flight 3He(K-, N) reaction at J-PARC

Author: Hiroaki Ohnishi, Catalina Curceanu, Diana Sirghi, Michael Cargnelli, J. Zmeskal, T. Ishiwatari, Makoto Tokuda, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, Hexi Shi, Tomofumi Nagae, K. Piscicchia, O. Morra, Masatoshi Sato, Mario Bragadireanu, S. Kawasaki, K. Tsukada, D. Faso, Fuminori Sakuma, M. Poli Lener, H. Tatsuno, T. Hashimoto, Paul Buehler, Ryugo S. Hayano, L. Busso, T. Yamaga, Kiyoshi Tanida, Y. Kato, O. Vazquez Doce, Akihiro Toyoda, S. Choi, Kenta Itahashi, Paul Kienle, C. Guaraldo, Q. Zhang, Alessandro Scordo, H. Yim, M. Iliescu, Y. Sada, A. Romero Vidal, Shun Enomoto, M. Sekimoto, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Ken Suzuki, Johann Marton, B. K. Wuenschek, T. Ishikawa, Eberhard Widmann, S. Ishimoto, G. A. Beer, Masahiko Iwasaki, Hiroyuki Fujioka, Florin Sirghi, S. Ajimura, Masami Iio, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, Hyoungchan Bhang, H. Kou, Haruhiko Outa, Atsushi Sakaguchi, Yutaka Mizoi, K. Inoue, Hiroyuki Noumi, M. Iwai, D. Tomono, Shinji Okada, Yue Ma, T. Yamazaki, Y. Ishiguro, T. Suzuki, and S. Y. Suzuki
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, J-PARC
Published: 2014

32. Measurements of radial profile of hydrogen and deuterium density in isotope mixture plasmas using bulk charge exchange spectroscopy

Author: Mikirou Yoshinuma, Izumi Murakami, Katsumi Ida, Junwei Chen, Sadayoshi Murakami, T. Kobayashi, Makoto I. Kobayashi, Shinsuke Satake, Y. Fujiwara, Kotaro Yamasaki, and Yasushi Yamamoto
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, Isotope, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Large Helical Device, Deuterium, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Relative density, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: A bulk charge exchange spectroscopy system has been applied to measure the radial profiles of the hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) density ratio in the isotope mixture plasma in a large helical device. Charge exchange lines of Hα and Dα are fitted by 4 Gaussian of H and D cold components and H and D hot components with 5 parameters by combining the measurement of plasma toroidal rotation velocity with carbon charge exchange spectroscopy. The radial profiles of the relative density of hydrogen and deuterium ions are derived from H and D hot components measured and the beam density calculated from beam attenuation calculation. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed by the H pellet and the D pellet injections into the H-D mixture plasma.
Published: 2019

33. Evaluation of Neutron Emission Rate with FIT3D-DD Code in Large Helical Device

Author: Mitsutaka Isobe, Ryosuke Seki, Masaki Osakabe, Kunihiro Ogawa, Shuji Kamio, Sadayoshi Murakami, Masayuki Yokoyama, H. Nuga, and Y. Fujiwara
Subjects: Large Helical Device, Materials science, Neutron emission, Code (cryptography), neutron emission rate, simple and fast Fokker-Planck analyses, FIT3D-DD, LHD, Condensed Matter Physics, Computational physics
Abstract: We compared the experimentally measured neutron emission rate with the emission rate calculated by using the simple Fokker-Planck equation with the experimental temperature and density profiles, and the deuteron density evaluated by a spectroscopy in peripheral region in LHD. The neutron emission rates evaluated by the FIT3D-DD code are approximately two times higher than experimental results in the typical magnetic configuration of LHD. In the case of low fast-ion confinement, the calculations are approximately four times higher than experimental measurements.
Published: 2019

34. Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus - The 'D-shuttle' project - The '

Author: N Adachi, V Adamovitch, Y Adjovi, K Aida, H Akamatsu, S Akiyama, A Akli, A Ando, T Andrault, H Antonietti, S Anzai, G Arkoun, C Avenoso, D Ayrault, M Banasiewicz, M Banaśkiewicz, L Bernardini, E Bernard, E Berthet, M Blanchard, D Boreyko, K Boros, S Charron, P Cornette, K Czerkas, M Dameron, I Date, M De Pontbriand, F Demangeau, ł Dobaczewski, L Dobrzyński, A Ducouret, M Dziedzic, A Ecalle, V Edon, K Endo, T Endo, Y Endo, D Etryk, M Fabiszewska, S Fang, D Fauchier, F Felici, Y Fujiwara, C Gardais, W Gaul, L Gurin, R Hakoda, I Hamamatsu, K Handa, H Haneda, T Hara, M Hashimoto, T Hashimoto, K Hashimoto, D Hata, M Hattori, R Hayano, R Hayashi, H Higasi, M Hiruta, A Honda, Y Horikawa, H Horiuchi, Y Hozumi, M Ide, S Ihara, T Ikoma, Y Inohara, M Itazu, A Ito, J Janvrin, I Jout, H Kanda, G Kanemori, M Kanno, N Kanomata, T Kato, S Kato, J Katsu, Y Kawasaki, K Kikuchi, P Kilian, N Kimura, M Kiya, M Klepuszewski, E Kluchnikov, Y Kodama, R Kokubun, F Konishi, A Konno, V Kontsevoy, A Koori, A Koutaka, A Kowol, Y Koyama, M Kozioł, M Kozue, O Kravtchenko, W Kruczała, M Kudła, H Kudo, R Kumagai, K Kurogome, A Kurosu, M Kuse, A Lacombe, E Lefaillet, M Magara, J Malinowska, M Malinowski, V Maroselli, Y Masui, K Matsukawa, K Matsuya, B Matusik, M Maulny, P Mazur, C Miyake, Y Miyamoto, K Miyata, M Miyazaki, M Molȩda, T Morioka, E Morita, K Muto, H Nadamoto, M Nadzikiewicz, K Nagashima, M Nakade, C Nakayama, H Nakazawa, Y Nihei, R Nikul, S Niwa, O Niwa, M Nogi, K Nomura, D Ogata, H Ohguchi, J Ohno, M Okabe, M Okada, Y Okada, N Omi, H Onodera, K Onodera, S Ooki, K Oonishi, H Oonuma, H Ooshima, H Oouchi, M Orsucci, M Paoli, M Penaud, C Perdrisot, M Petit, A Piskowski, A Płocharski, A Polis, L Polti, T Potsepnia, D Przybylski, M Pytel, W Quillet, A Remy, C Robert, M Sadowski, M Saito, D Sakuma, K Sano, Y Sasaki, N Sato, T Schneider, C Schneider, K Schwartzman, E Selivanov, M Sezaki, K Shiroishi, I Shustava, A Śniecińska, E Stalchenko, A Staroń, M Stromboni, W Studzińska, H Sugisaki, T Sukegawa, M Sumida, Y Suzuki, K Suzuki, R Suzuki, H Suzuki, W Świderski, M Szudejko, M Szymaszek, J Tada, H Taguchi, K Takahashi, D Tanaka, G Tanaka, S Tanaka, K Tanino, K Tazbir, N Tcesnokova, N Tgawa, N Toda, H Tsuchiya, H Tsukamoto, T Tsushima, K Tsutsumi, H Umemura, M Uno, A Usui, H Utsumi, M Vaucelle, Y Wada, K Watanabe, S Watanabe, K Watase, M Witkowski, T Yamaki, J Yamamoto, T Yamamoto, M Yamashita, M Yanai, K Yasuda, Y Yoshida, A Yoshida, K Yoshimura, M Żmijewska, E Zuclarelli, Fukushima Medical University (FMU), National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), Centre d’étude sur l’Evaluation de la Protection dans le domaine Nucléaire (CEPN), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Subjects: Male, student, Republic of Belarus, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, FOS: Physical sciences, Electronic Personal Dosimeter, Radiation Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Education, Electronic personal dosimeters, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Annual dose, Radiation Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Humans, human, Fukushima, Students, Waste Management and Disposal, International comparison, comparative study, High school students, Teaching, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Belarus, General Medicine, Physics - Medical Physics, External dose, Geography, female, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Background radiation, Residence, Individual dose, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), France, Poland, radiation dose, Demography
Abstract: Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter 'D-shuttle' for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the terrestrial background radiation level of other regions/countries. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2016

35. Study of the elementary (K-, n) reactions to search for the K NN bound state via the3He (K-, n) reaction at J-PARC

Author: A. Romero Vidal, S. Kawasaki, H. Fujioka, H. Kou, K. Itahashi, Koki Kanno, Fuminori Sakuma, Shinji Okada, D. Faso, Florin Sirghi, Tomofumi Nagae, Hiroaki Ohnishi, T. Yamazaki, T. Kim, D. Sirghi, Y. Kato, Y. Ishiguro, C. Guaraldo, Yue Ma, G. A. Beer, K. Inoue, H. Outa, Alessandro Scordo, Catalina Curceanu, T. Hashimoto, Michael Cargnelli, Hiroyuki Noumi, M. Sekimoto, T. Suzuki, J. Marton, Shigeru Ishimoto, T. Ishiwatari, Y. Sada, M. Iwai, Akihiro Toyoda, L. Busso, S. Y. Suzuki, S. Ajimura, Masami Iio, D. Tomono, Atsushi Sakaguchi, H. Tatsuno, M. Iliescu, Makoto Tokuda, Ken Suzuki, Paul Buehler, K. Kato, M. Bragadireanu, O. Vazquez Doce, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, H. C. Bhang, Yutaka Mizoi, Carolina Berucci, H. Yim, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, Hexi Shi, Ryugo S. Hayano, Kotaro Shirotori, M. Iwasaki, S. Choi, Q. Zhang, M. Sato, T. Yamaga, Kiyoshi Tanida, Shun Enomoto, E. Widmann, T. Ishikawa, Johann Zmeskal, B. K. Wuenschek, K. Tsukada, O. Morra, K. Piscicchia, Yasuhiro H. Matsuda, and Paul Kienle
Subjects: Physics, Deuterium, Hydrogen, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Hadron, Bound state, Elementary reaction, Physical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Neutron, Atomic physics, Helium
Abstract: We have searched for the simplest kaonic nuclear state, KNN, using the in-flight 3He (K-, n) reaction at the J-PARC hadron experimental facility. In the semi-inclusive neutron missing-mass spectrum at θnlab=0°, an excess of yield was observed just below the K- pp mass-threshold, which cannot be explained by any elementary reactions [PTEP 2015, 061D01]. To understand the missing-mass spectrum of 3He (K-, n) X, we investigated the elementary (K-, n) reactions using hydrogen and deuterium targets. The p (K-, n) X missing-mass spectrum was well described by the charge-exchange reaction. However, in the d (K-, n) X spectrum, we observed an excess of yield just below the K- p mass-threshold, which was similar to that in the 3He (K-, n) X spectrum. (Less)
Published: 2016

36. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

Author: Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, H. Cheong, H. Cherry, S. Chesney, J. Cheung, C.H.A. Chevet, E. Chi, H.C. Chi, S.-G. Chiacchiera, F. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, M. Chin, L.-S. Chiong, M. Chiu, G.N.C. Cho, D.-H. Cho, S.-G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.-Y. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, E.-J. Choi, E.-K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.-I. Chou, T.-F. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chow, K.-C. Chowdhury, K. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chun, T. Chung, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.-L. Chwae, Y.-J. Cianfanelli, V. Ciarcia, R. Ciechomska, I.A. Ciriolo, M.R. Cirone, M. Claerhout, S. Clague, M.J. Cl� ria, J. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Clementi, E. Cleyrat, C. Cnop, M. Coccia, E.M. Cocco, T. Codogno, P. Coers, J. Cohen, E.E.W. Colecchia, D. Coletto, L. Coll, N.S. Colucci-Guyon, E. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Cook, K.L. Coombs, G.H. Cooper, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Coppens, I. Corasaniti, M.T. Corazzari, M. Corbalan, R. Corcelle-Termeau, E. Cordero, M.D. Corral-Ramos, C. Corti, O. Cossarizza, A. Costelli, P. Costes, S. Cotman, S.L. Coto-Montes, A. Cottet, S. Couve, E. Covey, L.R. Cowart, L.A. Cox, J.S. Coxon, F.P. Coyne, C.B. Cragg, M.S. Craven, R.J. Crepaldi, T. Crespo, J.L. Criollo, A. Crippa, V. Cruz, M.T. Cuervo, A.M. Cuezva, J.M. Cui, T. Cutillas, P.R. Czaja, M.J. Czyzyk-Krzeska, M.F. Dagda, R.K. Dahmen, U. Dai, C. Dai, W. Dai, Y. Dalby, K.N. Valle, L.D. Dalmasso, G. D'amelio, M. Damme, M. Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Dargemont, C. Darley-Usmar, V.M. Dasarathy, S. Dasgupta, B. Dash, S. Dass, C.R. Davey, H.M. Davids, L.M. Dávila, D. Davis, R.J. Dawson, T.M. Dawson, V.L. Daza, P. de Belleroche, J. de Figueiredo, P. de Figueiredo, R.C.B.Q. de la Fuente, J. De Martino, L. De Matteis, A. De Meyer, G.R.Y. De Milito, A. De Santi, M. de Souza, W. De Tata, V. De Zio, D. Debnath, J. Dechant, R. Decuypere, J.-P. Deegan, S. Dehay, B. Del Bello, B. Del Re, D.P. Delage-Mourroux, R. Delbridge, L.M.D. Deldicque, L. Delorme-Axford, E. Deng, Y. Dengjel, J. Denizot, M. Dent, P. Der, C.J. Deretic, V. Derrien, B. Deutsch, E. Devarenne, T.P. Devenish, R.J. Di Bartolomeo, S. Di Daniele, N. Di Domenico, F. Di Nardo, A. Di Paola, S. Di Pietro, A. Di Renzo, L. Di Antonio, A. Díaz-Araya, G. Díaz-Laviada, I. Diaz-Meco, M.T. Diaz-Nido, J. Dickey, C.A. Dickson, R.C. Diederich, M. Digard, P. Dikic, I. Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Ding, C. Ding, W.-X. Ding, Z. Dini, L. Distler, J.H.W. Diwan, A. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Dmytruk, K. Dobson, R.C.J. Doetsch, V. Dokladny, K. Dokudovskaya, S. Donadelli, M. Dong, X.C. Dong, X. Dong, Z. Donohue, T.M., Jr. Donohue-Jr, T.M. Doran, K.S. D'orazi, G. Dorn, G.W., II Dosenko, V. Dridi, S. Drucker, L. Du, J. Du, L.-L. Du, L. du Toit, A. Dua, P. Duan, L. Duann, P. Dubey, V.K. Duchen, M.R. Duchosal, M.A. Duez, H. Dugail, I. Dumit, V.I. Duncan, M.C. Dunlop, E.A. Dunn, W.A., Jr. Dupont, N. Dupuis, L. Durán, R.V. Durcan, T.M. Duvezin-Caubet, S. Duvvuri, U. Eapen, V. Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D. Echard, A. Eckhart, L. Edelstein, C.L. Edinger, A.L. Eichinger, L. Eisenberg, T. Eisenberg-Lerner, A. Eissa, N.T. El-Deiry, W.S. El-Khoury, V. Elazar, Z. Eldar-Finkelman, H. Elliott, C.J.H. Emanuele, E. Emmenegger, U. Engedal, N. Engelbrecht, A.-M. Engelender, S. Enserink, J.M. Erdmann, R. Erenpreisa, J. Eri, R. Eriksen, J.L. Erman, A. Escalante, R. Eskelinen, E.-L. Espert, L. Esteban-Martínez, L. Evans, T.J. Fabri, M. Fabrias, G. Fabrizi, C. Facchiano, A. Færgeman, N.J. Faggioni, A. Fairlie, W.D. Fan, C. Fan, D. Fan, J. Fang, S. Fanto, M. Fanzani, A. Farkas, T. Faure, M. Favier, F.B. Fearnhead, H. Federici, M. Fei, E. Felizardo, T.C. Feng, H. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. Ferguson, T.A. Fernández, Á.F. Fernandez-Barrena, M.G. Fernandez-Checa, J.C. Fernández-López, A. Fernandez-Zapico, M.E. Feron, O. Ferraro, E. Ferreira-Halder, C.V. Fesus, L. Feuer, R. Fiesel, F.C. Filippi-Chiela, E.C. Filomeni, G. Fimia, G.M. Fingert, J.H. Finkbeiner, S. Finkel, T. Fiorito, F. Fisher, P.B. Flajolet, M. Flamigni, F. Florey, O. Florio, S. Floto, R.A. Folini, M. Follo, C. Fon, E.A. Fornai, F. Fortunato, F. Fraldi, A. Franco, R. Francois, A. François, A. Frankel, L.B. Fraser, I.D.C. Frey, N. Freyssenet, D.G. Frezza, C. Friedman, S.L. Frigo, D.E. Fu, D. Fuentes, J.M. Fueyo, J. Fujitani, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Fujiya, M. Fukuda, M. Fulda, S. Fusco, C. Gabryel, B. Gaestel, M. Gailly, P. Gajewska, M. Galadari, S. Galili, G. Galindo, I. Galindo, M.F. Galliciotti, G. Galluzzi, L. Galluzzi, L. Galy, V. Gammoh, N. Gandy, S. Ganesan, A.K. Ganesan, S. Ganley, I.G. Gannagé, M. Gao, F.-B. Gao, F. Gao, J.-X. Nannig, L.G. Véscovi, E.G. Garcia-Macía, M. Garcia-Ruiz, C. Garg, A.D. Garg, P.K. Gargini, R. Gassen, N.C. Gatica, D. Gatti, E. Gavard, J. Gavathiotis, E. Ge, L. Ge, P. Ge, S. Gean, P.-W. Gelmetti, V. Genazzani, A.A. Geng, J. Genschik, P. Gerner, L. Gestwicki, J.E. Gewirtz, D.A. Ghavami, S. Ghigo, E. Ghosh, D. Giammarioli, A.M. Giampieri, F. Giampietri, C. Giatromanolaki, A. Gibbings, D.J. 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Steegborn, C. Steele, J.W. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J. Stellrecht, C.M. Stenmark, H. Stepkowski, T.M. Stern, S.T. Stevens, C. Stockwell, B.R. Stoka, V. Storchova, Z. Stork, B. Stratoulias, V. Stravopodis, D.J. Strnad, P. Strohecker, A.M. Ström, A.-L. Stromhaug, P. Stulik, J. Su, Y.-X. Su, Z. Subauste, C.S. Subramaniam, S. Sue, C.M. Suh, S.W. Sui, X. Sukseree, S. Sulzer, D. Sun, F.-L. Sun, J. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sundaramoorthy, V. Sung, J. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Swärd, K. Swarup, G. Sweeney, S.T. Sylvester, P.W. Szatmari, Z. Szegezdi, E. Szlosarek, P.W. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Taillebourg, E. Tait, S.W.G. Takacs-Vellai, K. Takahashi, Y. Takáts, S. Takemura, G. Takigawa, N. Talbot, N.J. Tamagno, E. Tamburini, J. Tan, C.-P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.-J. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tanida, I. Tanji, K. Tannous, B.A. Tapia, J.A. Tasset-Cuevas, I. Tatar, M. Tavassoly, I. 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Vaccaro, M.I. Váchová, L. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. Valdor, R. Valente, E.M. Vallette, F. Valverde, A.M. Van den Berghe, G. Van Den Bosch, L. van den Brink, G.R. van der Goot, F.G. van der Klei, I.J. van der Laan, L.J.W. van Doorn, W.G. van Egmond, M. van Golen, K.L. Van Kaer, L. Campagne, M.L. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, I. Vasconcelos, M.H. Vasko, R. Vavvas, D.G. Vega-Naredo, I. Velasco, G. Velentzas, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Vellai, T. Vellenga, E. Vendelbo, M.H. Venkatachalam, K. Ventura, N. Ventura, S. Veras, P.S.T. Verdier, M. Vertessy, B.G. Viale, A. Vidal, M. Vieira, H.L.A. Vierstra, R.D. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, N. Vila, M. Villar, M. Villar, V.H. Villarroya, J. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Vitale, G. Vogl, D.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. von Haefen, C. von Schwarzenberg, K. Voth, D.E. Vouret-Craviari, V. Vuori, K. Vyas, J.M. Waeber, C. Walker, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walter, J. Wan, L. Wan, X. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. 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Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.
Published: 2016

37. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author: Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, H. Cheong, H. Cherry, S. Chesney, J. Cheung, C.H.A. Chevet, E. Chi, H.C. Chi, S.-G. Chiacchiera, F. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, M. Chin, L.-S. Chiong, M. Chiu, G.N.C. Cho, D.-H. Cho, S.-G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.-Y. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, E.-J. Choi, E.-K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.-I. Chou, T.-F. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chow, K.-C. Chowdhury, K. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chun, T. Chung, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.-L. Chwae, Y.-J. Cianfanelli, V. Ciarcia, R. Ciechomska, I.A. Ciriolo, M.R. Cirone, M. Claerhout, S. Clague, M.J. Clària, J. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Clementi, E. Cleyrat, C. Cnop, M. Coccia, E.M. Cocco, T. Codogno, P. Coers, J. Cohen, E.E.W. Colecchia, D. Coletto, L. Coll, N.S. Colucci-Guyon, E. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Cook, K.L. Coombs, G.H. Cooper, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Coppens, I. Corasaniti, M.T. Corazzari, M. Corbalan, R. 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Papini, A. Parajuli, N. Pardo, J. Parekh, V.V. Parenti, G. Park, J.-I. Park, J. Park, O.K. Parker, R. Parlato, R. Parys, J.B. Parzych, K.R. Pasquet, J.-M. Pasquier, B. Pasumarthi, K.B.S. Patterson, C. Pattingre, S. Pattison, S. Pause, A. Pavenstädt, H. Pavone, F. Pedrozo, Z. Peña, F.J. Peñalva, M.A. Pende, M. Peng, J. Penna, F. Penninger, J.M. Pensalfini, A. Pepe, S. Pereira, G.J.S. Pereira, P.C. de la Cruz, V.P. Pérez-Pérez, M.E. Pérez-Rodríguez, D. Pérez-Sala, D. Perier, C. Perl, A. Perlmutter, D.H. Perrotta, I. Pervaiz, S. Pesonen, M. Pessin, J.E. Peters, G.J. Petersen, M. Petrache, I. Petrof, B.J. Petrovski, G. Phang, J.M. Piacentini, M. Pierdominici, M. Pierre, P. Pierrefite-Carle, V. Pietrocola, F. Pimentel-Muiños, F.X. Pinar, M. Pineda, B. Pinkas-Kramarski, R. Pinti, M. Pinton, P. Piperdi, B. Piret, J.M. Platanias, L.C. Platta, H.W. Plowey, E.D. Pöggeler, S. Poirot, M. Polčic, P. Poletti, A. Poon, A.H. Popelka, H. Popova, B. Poprawa, I. Poulose, S.M. Poulton, J. Powers, S.K. Powers, T. Pozuelo-Rubio, M. Prak, K. Prange, R. Prescott, M. Priault, M. Prince, S. Proia, R.L. Proikas-Cezanne, T. Prokisch, H. Promponas, V.J. Przyklenk, K. Puertollano, R. Pugazhenthi, S. Puglielli, L. Pujol, A. Puyal, J. Pyeon, D. Qi, X. Qian, W.-B. Qin, Z.-H. Qiu, Y. Qu, Z. Quadrilatero, J. Quinn, F. Raben, N. Rabinowich, H. Radogna, F. Ragusa, M.J. Rahmani, M. Raina, K. Ramanadham, S. Ramesh, R. Rami, A. Randall-Demllo, S. Randow, F. Rao, H. Rao, V.A. Rasmussen, B.B. Rasse, T.M. Ratovitski, E.A. Rautou, P.-E. Ray, S.K. Razani, B. Reed, B.H. Reggiori, F. Rehm, M. Reichert, A.S. Rein, T. Reiner, D.J. Reits, E. Ren, J. Ren, X. Renna, M. Reusch, J.E.B. Revuelta, J.L. Reyes, L. Rezaie, A.R. Richards, R.I. Richardson, R. Richetta, C. Riehle, M.A. Rihn, B.H. Rikihisa, Y. Riley, B.E. Rimbach, G. Rippo, M.R. Ritis, K. Rizzi, F. Rizzo, E. Roach, P.J. Robbins, J. Roberge, M. Roca, G. Roccheri, M.C. Rocha, S. Rodrigues, C.M.P. Rodríguez, C.I. de Cordoba, S.R. Rodriguez-Muela, N. Roelofs, J. Rogov, V.V. Rohn, T.T. Rohrer, B. Romanelli, D. Romani, L. Romano, P.S. Roncero, M.I.G. Rosa, J.L. Rosello, A. Rosen, K.V. Rosenstiel, P. Rost-Roszkowska, M. Roth, K.A. Roué, G. Rouis, M. Rouschop, K.M. Ruan, D.T. Ruano, D. Rubinsztein, D.C. Rucker, E.B., III Rudich, A. Rudolf, E. Rudolf, R. Ruegg, M.A. Ruiz-Roldan, C. Ruparelia, A.A. Rusmini, P. Russ, D.W. Russo, G.L. Russo, G. Russo, R. Rusten, T.E. Ryabovol, V. Ryan, K.M. Ryter, S.W. Sabatini, D.M. Sacher, M. Sachse, C. Sack, M.N. Sadoshima, J. Saftig, P. Sagi-Eisenberg, R. Sahni, S. Saikumar, P. Saito, T. Saitoh, T. Sakakura, K. Sakoh-Nakatogawa, M. Sakuraba, Y. Salazar-Roa, M. Salomoni, P. Saluja, A.K. Salvaterra, P.M. Salvioli, R. Samali, A. Sanchez, A.M.J. Sánchez-Alcázar, J.A. Sanchez-Prieto, R. Sandri, M. Sanjuan, M.A. Santaguida, S. Santambrogio, L. Santoni, G. Dos Santos, C.N. Saran, S. Sardiello, M. Sargent, G. Sarkar, P. Sarkar, S. Sarrias, M.R. Sarwal, M.M. Sasakawa, C. Sasaki, M. Sass, M. Sato, K. Sato, M. Satriano, J. Savaraj, N. Saveljeva, S. Schaefer, L. Schaible, U.E. Scharl, M. Schatzl, H.M. Schekman, R. Scheper, W. Schiavi, A. Schipper, H.M. Schmeisser, H. Schmidt, J. Schmitz, I. Schneider, B.E. Schneider, E.M. Schneider, J.L. Schon, E.A. Schönenberger, M.J. Schönthal, A.H. Schorderet, D.F. Schröder, B. Schuck, S. Schulze, R.J. Schwarten, M. Schwarz, T.L. Sciarretta, S. Scotto, K. Scovassi, A.I. Screaton, R.A. Screen, M. Seca, H. Sedej, S. Segatori, L. Segev, N. Seglen, P.O. Seguí-Simarro, J.M. Segura-Aguilar, J. Seiliez, I. Seki, E. Sell, C. Semenkovich, C.F. Semenza, G.L. Sen, U. Serra, A.L. Serrano-Puebla, A. Sesaki, H. Setoguchi, T. Settembre, C. Shacka, J.J. Shajahan-Haq, A.N. Shapiro, I.M. Sharma, S. She, H. Shen, C.-K.J. Shen, C.-C. Shen, H.-M. Shen, S. Shen, W. Sheng, R. Sheng, X. Sheng, Z.-H. Shepherd, T.G. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, Q. Shi, Y. Shibutani, S. Shibuya, K. Shidoji, Y. Shieh, J.-J. Shih, C.-M. Shimada, Y. Shimizu, S. Shin, D.W. Shinohara, M.L. Shintani, M. Shintani, T. Shioi, T. Shirabe, K. Shiri-Sverdlov, R. Shirihai, O. Shore, G.C. Shu, C.-W. Shukla, D. Sibirny, A.A. Sica, V. Sigurdson, C.J. Sigurdsson, E.M. Sijwali, P.S. Sikorska, B. Silveira, W.A. Silvente-Poirot, S. Silverman, G.A. Simak, J. Simmet, T. Simon, A.K. Simon, H.-U. Simone, C. Simons, M. Simonsen, A. Singh, R. Singh, S.V. Singh, S.K. Sinha, D. Sinha, S. Sinicrope, F.A. Sirko, A. Sirohi, K. Sishi, B.J.N. Sittler, A. Siu, P.M. Sivridis, E. Skwarska, A. Slack, R. Slaninová, I. Slavov, N. Smaili, S.S. Smalley, K.S.M. Smith, D.R. Soenen, S.J. Soleimanpour, S.A. Solhaug, A. Somasundaram, K. Son, J.H. Sonawane, A. Song, C. Song, F. Song, H.K. Song, J.-X. Song, W. Soo, K.Y. Sood, A.K. Soong, T.W. Soontornniyomkij, V. Sorice, M. Sotgia, F. Soto-Pantoja, D.R. Sotthibundhu, A. Sousa, M.J. Spaink, H.P. Span, P.N. Spang, A. Sparks, J.D. Speck, P.G. Spector, S.A. Spies, C.D. Springer, W. Clair, D.S. Stacchiotti, A. Staels, B. Stang, M.T. Starczynowski, D.T. Starokadomskyy, P. Steegborn, C. Steele, J.W. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J. Stellrecht, C.M. Stenmark, H. Stepkowski, T.M. Stern, S.T. Stevens, C. Stockwell, B.R. Stoka, V. Storchova, Z. Stork, B. Stratoulias, V. Stravopodis, D.J. Strnad, P. Strohecker, A.M. Ström, A.-L. Stromhaug, P. Stulik, J. Su, Y.-X. Su, Z. Subauste, C.S. Subramaniam, S. Sue, C.M. Suh, S.W. Sui, X. Sukseree, S. Sulzer, D. Sun, F.-L. Sun, J. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sundaramoorthy, V. Sung, J. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Swärd, K. Swarup, G. Sweeney, S.T. Sylvester, P.W. Szatmari, Z. Szegezdi, E. Szlosarek, P.W. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Taillebourg, E. Tait, S.W.G. Takacs-Vellai, K. Takahashi, Y. Takáts, S. Takemura, G. Takigawa, N. Talbot, N.J. Tamagno, E. Tamburini, J. Tan, C.-P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.-J. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tanida, I. Tanji, K. Tannous, B.A. Tapia, J.A. Tasset-Cuevas, I. Tatar, M. Tavassoly, I. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, A. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Taylor, M.J. Tchetina, E.V. Tee, A.R. Teixeira-Clerc, F. Telang, S. Tencomnao, T. Teng, B.-B. Teng, R.-J. Terro, F. Tettamanti, G. Theiss, A.L. Theron, A.E. Thomas, K.J. Thomé, M.P. Thomes, P.G. Thorburn, A. Thorner, J. Thum, T. Thumm, M. Thurston, T.L.M. Tian, L. Till, A. Ting, J.P.-Y. Ting, J.P.Y. Titorenko, V.I. Toker, L. Toldo, S. Tooze, S.A. Topisirovic, I. Torgersen, M.L. Torosantucci, L. Torriglia, A. Torrisi, M.R. Tournier, C. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Triola, G. Tripathi, D.N. Trisciuoglio, D. Troncoso, R. Trougakos, I.P. Truttmann, A.C. Tsai, K.-J. Tschan, M.P. Tseng, Y.-H. Tsukuba, T. Tsung, A. Tsvetkov, A.S. Tu, S. Tuan, H.-Y. Tucci, M. Tumbarello, D.A. Turk, B. Turk, V. Turner, R.F.B. Tveita, A.A. Tyagi, S.C. Ubukata, M. Uchiyama, Y. Udelnow, A. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Underwood, B.R. Ungermann, C. Ureshino, R.P. Ushioda, R. Uversky, V.N. Uzcátegui, N.L. Vaccari, T. Vaccaro, M.I. Váchová, L. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. Valdor, R. Valente, E.M. Vallette, F. Valverde, A.M. Van den Berghe, G. Van Den Bosch, L. van den Brink, G.R. van der Goot, F.G. van der Klei, I.J. van der Laan, L.J.W. van Doorn, W.G. van Egmond, M. van Golen, K.L. Van Kaer, L. Campagne, M.L. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, I. Vasconcelos, M.H. Vasko, R. Vavvas, D.G. Vega-Naredo, I. Velasco, G. Velentzas, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Vellai, T. Vellenga, E. Vendelbo, M.H. Venkatachalam, K. Ventura, N. Ventura, S. Veras, P.S.T. Verdier, M. Vertessy, B.G. Viale, A. Vidal, M. Vieira, H.L.A. Vierstra, R.D. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, N. Vila, M. Villar, M. Villar, V.H. Villarroya, J. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Vitale, G. Vogl, D.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. von Haefen, C. von Schwarzenberg, K. Voth, D.E. Vouret-Craviari, V. Vuori, K. Vyas, J.M. Waeber, C. Walker, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walter, J. Wan, L. Wan, X. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H.-J. Wang, H. Wang, H.-G. Wang, H. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, M.-Q. Wang, P.-Y. Wang, P. Wang, R.C. Wang, S. Wang, T.-F. Wang, X. Wang, X.-J. Wang, X.-W. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.T. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.-N. Wappner, P. Ward, C. Ward, D.M.V. Warnes, G. Watada, H. Watanabe, Y. Watase, K. Weaver, T.E. Weekes, C.D. Wei, J. Weide, T. Weihl, C.C. Weindl, G. Weis, S.N. Wen, L. Wen, X. Wen, Y. Westermann, B. Weyand, C.M. White, A.R. White, E. Whitton, J.L. Whitworth, A.J. Wiels, J. Wild, F. Wildenberg, M.E. Wileman, T. Wilkinson, D.S. Wilkinson, S. Willbold, D. Williams, C. Williams, K. Williamson, P.R. Winklhofer, K.F. Witkin, S.S. Wohlgemuth, S.E. Wollert, T. Wolvetang, E.J. Wong, E. Wong, G.W. Wong, R.W. Wong, V.K.W. Woodcock, E.A. Wright, K.L. Wu, C. Wu, D. Wu, G.S. Wu, J. Wu, J. Wu, M. Wu, M. Wu, S. Wu, W.K.K. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Xavier, C.P.R. Xavier, R.J. Xia, G.-X. Xia, T. Xia, W. Xia, Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, J. Xiao, S. Xiao, W. Xie, C.-M. Xie, Z. Xie, Z. Xilouri, M. Xiong, Y. Xu, C. Xu, C. Xu, F. Xu, H. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z.-X. Xu, Z. Xue, Y. Yamada, T. Yamamoto, A. Yamanaka, K. Yamashina, S. Yamashiro, S. Yan, B. Yan, B. Yan, X. Yan, Z. Yanagi, Y. Yang, D.-S. Yang, J.-M. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yang, P.-M. Yang, P. Yang, Q. Yang, W. Yang, W.Y. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Yao, M.-C. Yao, P.J. Yao, X. Yao, Z. Yao, Z. Yasui, L.S. Ye, M. Yedvobnick, B. Yeganeh, B. Yeh, E.S. Yeyati, P.L. Yi, F. Yi, L. Yin, X.-M. Yip, C.K. Yoo, Y.-M. Yoo, Y.H. Yoon, S.-Y. Yoshida, K.-I. Yoshimori, T. Young, K.H. Yu, H. Yu, J.J. Yu, J.-T. Yu, J. Yu, L. Yu, W.H. Yu, X.-F. Yu, Z. Yuan, J. Yuan, Z.-M. Yue, B.Y.J.T. Yue, J. Yue, Z. Zacks, D.N. Zacksenhaus, E. Zaffaroni, N. Zaglia, T. Zakeri, Z. Zecchini, V. Zeng, J. Zeng, M. Zeng, Q. Zervos, A.S. Zhang, D.D. Zhang, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, G.-C. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.
Published: 2016

38. Discovery of a patient with strongly suspected bullous pemphigoid in a ward by oral health care providers

Author: N, Kanda, Y, Soga, M, Meguro, A, Tanabe, Y, Yagi, Y, Himuro, Y, Fujiwara, S, Takashiba, and N, Kobayashi
Subjects: bullous pemphigoid, Incidental Findings, Inpatients, oral care, Non-Fibrillar Collagens, discover, Autoantigens, Alzheimer Disease, Dental Care for Chronically Ill, Pemphigoid, Bullous, Humans, Female, Aged, Autoantibodies
Abstract: Objectives: Oral health care providers may discover systemic diseases incidentally from signs observed in the oral cavity. Here, we report a case in which oral health care providers in a hospital discovered a patient with strongly suspected bullous pemphigoid (BP), which is a relatively rare but important disease, in a ward. Methods: The patient was a 78-year-old Japanese woman admitted to our hospital because of severe Alzheimer's disease. We discovered recurrent ulcers in the oral mucosa and skin when performing oral care in her ward. Biopsy could not be performed safely because of involuntary biting. We performed blood tests for anti-BP180-NC16a antibody, which is autoantibody specific for BP. Results: The patient had a very high anti-BP180-NC16a antibody titre. We consulted a dermatologist regarding her clinical course and the clinical features of the oral mucosa and skin along with blood test results. BP was very strongly suspected. Discussion: In cases in which oral health care providers suspect their patients may have BP, appropriate examination and provision of information to the doctor are important. Oral health care providers should have knowledge about systemic diseases, the signs of which appear in oral cavity to avoid missing important systemic diseases.
Published: 2011

39. Demonstration of Beam Optics Optimization Using Plasma Grid Bias in a Negative Ion Source

Author: Masaki Osakabe, Y. Fujiwara, Shuji Kamio, Y. Haba, Katsunori Ikeda, Kenichi Nagaoka, Masashi Kisaki, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, and Haruhisa Nakano
Subjects: Electron density, Grid bias, genetic structures, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Acceleration, Optics, meniscus, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, plasma grid bias, 010302 applied physics, Physics, hydrogen negative ion source, business.industry, perveance, Plasma, Beam optics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Charged particle, beam optics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Excitation
Abstract: Plasma grid bias has been utilized for reducing an electron density in the vicinity of a plasma grid in negative ion sources for fusion, resulting in achievement of low co-extracted electron current. In this study, the effectiveness and feasibility of the plasma grid bias on beam optics optimization are demonstrated. It is shown that the beam optics strongly depends on the bias voltage and is successfully optimized at different bias voltages depending on the discharge power. Responses of the beam properties such as the perveance and the current ratio to the plasma grid bias are also shown for both hydrogen and deuterium beams.
Published: 2018

40. Precision spectroscopy of kaonic helium-3 and helium-4 3d→ 2p X-rays

Author: T. Ishiwatari, M. Bazzi, H. Bhang, G. Beer, L. Bombelli, A. M. Bragadireanu, M. Cargnelli, S. Choi, G. Corradi, C. Curceanu, A. d’Uffizi, S. Enomoto, C. Fiorini, T. Frizzi, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, F. Ghio, B. Girolami, C. Guaraldo, T. Hashimoto, R. S. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, M. Iliescu, S. Ishimoto, K. Itahashi, M. Iwasaki, P. Kienle, H. Kou, P. Levi Sandri, A. Longoni, V. Lucherini, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, D. Pietreanu, T. Ponta, A. Rizzo, A. Romero Vidal, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, A. Scordo, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, D. L. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, T. Suzuki, K. Tanida, H. Tatsuno, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, O. Vazquez Doce, E. Widmann, B. Wünschek, T. Yamazaki, J. Zmeskal, Volker Crede, Paul Eugenio, and A. Ostrovidov
Subjects: Physics, Elastic scattering, Meson, sezele, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Helium-4, chemistry, Isospin, Helium-3, Atomic physics, Isotopes of helium, Helium, Exotic atom
Abstract: Recently, the shift of the kaonic helium-4 2p state was precisely determined by the E570 and SIDDHARTA experiments. Prior to the experiment by E570, the average of three earlier experimental results showed - 43±8 eV, while most of the theoretical calculations give ∼ 0 eV. This five-sigma discrepancy between theory and experiment was known as the "kaonic helium puzzle". A recent theoretical model showed a possible resonance-like shift of maximum 10 eV for a certain value of a deep antikaon-nucleon interaction potential, which is different in helium 3 and helium 4. The E570 experiment determined the shift of the kaonic helium-4 2p state as +2±2 (stat)±2 (sys) eV in 2007. The SIDDHARTA experiment determined the shift as 0±6 (stat)±2 (sys) eV in 2009. The results of these experiments resolved the long-standing puzzle. A new experiment of the kaonic helium-3 X-ray measurement is being prepared by the J-PARC E17 collaborators, and the kaonic helium-3 X-ray data taken very recently by the SIDDHARTA experiment are on the way to be analyzed. The results of the E570, E17 and SIDDHARTA experiments examine the strong interaction for light nuclei with different isospin, and test furthermore recent theoretical predictions. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
Published: 2010

41. Data analysis methods for assessing palliative care interventions in one-group pre–post studies

Author: Takeshi Ioroi, Midori Hirai, Yuko Utsubo, Yoshihiro Nishimura, Tatsuyuki Kakuma, Yuki Miki, Kanako Ohtagaki, Y. Fujiwara, and Akihiro Sakashita
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:R5-920, Palliative care, business.industry, Clinical study design, Psychological intervention, General Medicine, one-arm clinical trial, Structural equation modeling, Confidence interval, Quality of life (healthcare), quality of life, Causal inference, Covariate, Physical therapy, medicine, Original Article, business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract: Objectives: Studies of palliative care are often performed using single-arm pre–post study designs that lack causal inference. Thus, in this study, we propose a novel data analysis approach that incorporates risk factors from single-arm studies instead of using paired t-tests to assess intervention effects. Methods: Physical, psychological and social evaluations of eligible cancer inpatients were conducted by a hospital-based palliative care team. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and after 7 days of symptomatic treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C15-PAL. Among 35 patients, 9 were discharged within 1 week and 26 were included in analyses. Structural equation models with observed measurements were applied to estimate direct and indirect intervention effects and simultaneously consider risk factors. Results: Parameters were estimated using full models that included associations among covariates and reduced models that excluded covariates with small effects. The total effect was calculated as the sum of intervention and covariate effects and was equal to the mean of the difference (0.513) between pre- and post-intervention quality of life (reduced model intervention effect, 14.749; 95% confidence intervals, −4.407 and 33.905; p = 0.131; covariate effect, −14.236; 95% confidence interval, −33.708 and 5.236; p = 0.152). Conclusion: Using the present analytical method for single-arm pre–post study designs, factors that modulate effects of interventions were modelled, and intervention and covariate effects were distinguished based on structural equation model.
Published: 2015

42. Topic: Incisional Hernia - 'Easy case' as daily case: open vs lap, where the mesh, which fixation…in center midline cases

Author: J, Yunis, K, Yamamoto, Y, Morishima, D, Satomi, Y, Toshimitsu, S, Fukutomi, M, Sakakibara, M, Mori, K, Ishige, J, Kobayashi, M, Uccelli, F, Ciccarese, G, Cesana, G, Castello, D, Carrieri, G, Grava, S, Olmi, G, Soliani, A, De Troia, P, Carcoforo, M, Portinari, G, Vasquez, S, Targa, C V, Feo, B Simões, Duarte de Castro L, T, Brito, D, Gomes, L, Calais, M, Ferreira, A, Gonçalves, A, Martins, M, Gonçalves, A, Rodrigues, R, Rodrigues, T, Almeida, J, Ventura, C, Lucas, A, Midões, S, Pileci, M, Giaccone, M, Brunetti, M, Camandona, G, Gasparri, M, Ucceli, G, Legnani, Y, Nakabayashi, A, Harada, Y, Fujiwara, H, Sugano, N, Matsumoto, R, Noaki, K, Kurihara, M, Otsuka, C, Mavrodin, G, Pariza, I, Antoniac, A, Dirican, M, Ates, V, Soyer, B, Sarici, E, Kinaci, S, Yilmaz, M, Matsumoto, K, Kazunao, S, Demiryas, I, Demir, Y, Kucuk, V, Umman, A, Orhan, A K, Zengin, M, Ertem, I, Tasci, M, Christoffersen, E, Brandt, J, Oehlenschläger, J, Rosenberg, F, Helgstrand, L N, Jørgensen, L, Bardram, T, Bisgaard, G, Bellanova, R, Valduga, R, Beltempo, G, Berlanda, F A, Ciarleglio, R, Bondioli, S, Marcucci, C, Prezzi, A, Brolese, Yunis, J, Yamamoto, K, Morishima, Y, Satomi, D, Toshimitsu, Y, Fukutomi, S, Sakakibara, M, Mori, M, Ishige, K, Kobayashi, J, Uccelli, M, Ciccarese, F, Cesana, G, Castello, G, Carrieri, D, Grava, G, Olmi, S, Soliani, G, De Troia, A, Carcoforo, P, Portinari, M, Vasquez, G, Targa, S, Feo, C V, Duarte de Castro L, B Simõe, Brito, T, Gomes, D, Calais, L, Ferreira, M, Gonçalves, A, Martins, A, Gonçalves, M, Rodrigues, A, Rodrigues, R, Almeida, T, Ventura, J, Lucas, C, Midões, A, Pileci, S, Giaccone, M, Brunetti, M, Camandona, M, Gasparri, G, Ucceli, M, Legnani, G, Nakabayashi, Y, Harada, A, Fujiwara, Y, Sugano, H, Matsumoto, N, Noaki, R, Kurihara, K, Otsuka, M, Mavrodin, C, Pariza, G, Antoniac, I, Dirican, A, Ates, M, Soyer, V, Sarici, B, Kinaci, E, Yilmaz, S, Matsumoto, M, Kazunao, K, Demiryas, S, Demir, I, Kucuk, Y, Umman, V, Orhan, A, Zengin, A K, Ertem, M, Tasci, I, Christoffersen, M, Brandt, E, Oehlenschläger, J, Rosenberg, J, Helgstrand, F, Jørgensen, L N, Bardram, L, Bisgaard, T, Bellanova, G, Valduga, R, Beltempo, R, Berlanda, G, Ciarleglio, F A, Bondioli, R, Marcucci, S, Prezzi, C, and Brolese, A
Subjects: Surgery
Published: 2015

43. Search for the deeply bound K-pp state from the semi-inclusive forward-neutron spectrum in the in-flight K- reaction on helium-3

Author: S. Kawasaki, T. Yamaga, Kiyoshi Tanida, Kristian Piscicchia, M. Iwasaki, Yutaka Mizoi, Johann Zmeskal, Diana Sirghi, Catalina Curceanu, Shinji Okada, C. Guaraldo, Ryugo S. Hayano, Paul Kienle, Takashi Ishikawa, Fuminori Sakuma, Eberhard Widmann, Florin Sirghi, Makoto Tokuda, Johann Marton, D. Faso, Shoji Suzuki, Shigeru Ishimoto, Hiroyuki Fujioka, H. Tatsuno, G. Beer, Michiko Sekimoto, Takatoshi Suzuki, D. Tomono, Oton Vazquez Doce, K. Inoue, M. Iliescu, Hexi Shi, Tomofumi Nagae, Kenta Itahashi, Atsushi Sakaguchi, Hyoungchan Bhang, O. Morra, Y. Kato, S. Ajimura, Masami Iio, Alessandro Scordo, Yasuyuki Matsuda, T. Hashimoto, Mario Bragadireanu, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Toshimitsu Yamazaki, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, Kyo Tsukada, Y. Ishiguro, Akihisa Toyoda, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, Shun Enomoto, Seonho Choi, Qi Zhang, Marco Poli Lener, H. Yim, M. Iwai, Haruhiko Outa, Hiroyuki Noumi, H. Kou, Michael Cargnelli, Yue Ma, L. Busso, Y. Sada, Antonio Romero Vidal, and M. Sato
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Binding energy, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, State (functional analysis), Lambda, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 3. Good health, ddc, Nuclear physics, Helium-3, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Neutron, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: An experiment to search for the $K^-pp$ bound state was performed via the in-flight $^3$He($K^-,n)$ reaction using 5.3 $\times$ $10^9$ kaons at 1 GeV/$c$ at the J-PARC hadron experimental facility. In the semi-inclusive neutron missing-mass spectrum at $\theta_{n}^{lab}=0^\circ$, no significant peak was observed in the region corresponding to $K^-pp$ binding energy larger than 80 MeV, where a bump structure has been reported in the $\Lambda p$ final state in different reactions. Assuming the state to be isotropically decaying into $\Lambda p$, mass-dependent upper limits on the production cross section were determined to be 30--180, 70--250, and 100--270 $\mu$b/sr, for the natural widths of 20, 60, and 100 MeV, respectively, at 95\% confidence level., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2015

44. Symmetry-adapted HAM/3 method and its application to some symmetric molecules

Author: Fred Y. Fujiwara, Susumu Narita, Yuji Takahata, and Tai-ichi Shibuya
Subjects: Chemistry, Degenerate energy levels, General Chemistry, HAM/3, Symmetry (physics), lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Computational chemistry, Scheme (mathematics), Quantum mechanics, degeneracy, Molecule, Energy level, Degeneracy (biology), Symmetry breaking, semiempirical method, excited states, symmetry
Abstract: The semiempirical HAM/3 method developed by Lindholm and coworkers about two decades ago has been known to have a deficiency that splits energies for the degenerate energy states. We have recently proposed a group-theoretical approach to remedy the internally broken symmetry of the HAM/3 Hamiltonians. In this paper, we present some results of its application to various small molecules with symmetry Td, C3v, and D3h. The proposed scheme gives correct degeneracy for these molecules. O método semi-empírico HAM/3, desenvolvido por Lindholm e colaboradores há mais de duas décadas, tem uma deficiência. As energias de excitação calculadas por HAM/3 para estados degenerados são desdobradas. Recentemente foi proposto um método para corrigir esta deficiência. Apresentamos aqui resultados de aplicações deste novo método para algumas moléculas com simetria Td, C3v e D3h. O esquema proposto apresenta a degenerescência correta para as moléculas estudadas.
Published: 2004

45. Status and plans of experiment E17 at J-PARC

Author: T. Ishiwatari, K. Itahashi, Tadashi Hashimoto, C. Guaraldo, Michael Cargnelli, Makoto Tokuda, Hiroyuki Fujioka, D. Tomono, M. Sato, Y. Fujiwara, T. Suzuki, O. Vazquez Doce, Paul Kienle, A. Romero Vidal, Akihiro Toyoda, Masami Iio, Johann Marton, Haruhiko Outa, Yasuyuki Matsuda, H. C. Bhang, Hiroyuki Noumi, Ryugo S. Hayano, H. Kou, Shinji Okada, T. Yamazaki, Catalina Curceanu, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, H. Tatsuno, M. Iwasaki, S. Ishimoto, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Kyo Tsukada, Fuminori Sakuma, Seonho Choi, Florin Sirghi, B. K. Wuenschek, Eberhard Widmann, Diana Sirghi, Shun Enomoto, Johann Zmeskal, Michiko Sekimoto, Hexi Shi, and Kiyoshi Tanida
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Strong interaction, Calibration, Astronomy and Astrophysics, J-PARC, Spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: X-ray spectroscopy is an advantageous tool for investigation of the shift and width of the energy levels in kaonic atoms, evoked due to strong interaction between nucleus and kaon. In order to study the 2p level shift in kaonic 3 He , the X-ray transition 3 p →2 d in liquid kaonic 3 He will be measured with a precision of
Published: 2011

46. Precision spectroscopy of kaonic helium-3 X-rays at J-PARC

Author: T. Hashimoto, H. Bhang, M. Cargnelli, Seonho Choi, C. Curceanu, S. Enomoto, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, C. Guaraldo, R. S. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, K. Inoue, T. Ishikawa, S. Ishimoto, T. Ishiwatari, K. Itahashi, M. Iwasaki, H. Kou, P. Kienle, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, A. Romero Vidal, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, T. Suzuki, K. Tanida, H. Tatsuno, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, O. Vazquez Doce, E. Widmann, B. K. Wünschek, T. Yamazaki, J. Zmeskal, Atsushi Hosaka, Kanchan Khemchandani, Hideko Nagahiro, and Kanabu Nawa
Subjects: Physics, History, Particle physics, Silicon drift detector, Meson, Precision spectroscopy, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strong interaction, Measure (physics), Particle detector, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Helium-4, Helium-3, J-PARC, Nuclear Experiment, Isotopes of helium
Abstract: We will measure the x‐rays from kaonic 3He and 4He 3d→2p transition by using silicon drift detectors. Our precision goal is set to 1 eV to provide crucial information on the kaon‐nucleus strong interaction in the low energy limit. The experiment is to be performed as one of the first experiment in the J‐PARC hadron facility (J‐PARC E17). An overview and the present status of the experiment are presented.
Published: 2011

47. Spectroscopic study of Λ(1405) via the in-flight (K-,n) reaction on deuteron

Author: S. Enomoto, S. Ajimura, G. Beer, H. Bhang, M. Bragadireanu, P. Buehler, L. Busso, M. Cargnelli, S. Choi, C. Curceanu, D. Faso, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, T. Fukuda, C. Guaraldo, T. Hashimoto, R. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, K. Inoue, N. Ishibashi, T. Ishikawa, S. Ishimoto, T. Ishiwatari, K. Itahashi, M. Iwai, M. Iwasaki, S. Kawasaki, P. Kienle, H. Kou, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, Y. Mizoi, O. Morra, T. Nagae, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, Y. Sada, A. Sakaguchi, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, H. Tatsuno, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, E. Widmann, T. Yamazaki, H. Yim, K. Yoshida, J. Zmeskal, Atsushi Hosaka, Kanchan Khemchandani, Hideko Nagahiro, and Kanabu Nawa
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Pion, Deuterium, Isospin, Hadron, Hyperon, Nucleon, Lambda baryon
Abstract: We present an experimental study of Λ(1405) via the in‐flight (K−,n) reaction on the deuteron target (J‐PARC E31). We will measure all Σ+π−, Σ−π+ and Σ0π0 final states so that the isospin structure of the produced hyperon resonance state can be decomposed. In this report, we present an overview of the experiment and preparation status.
Published: 2011

48. Search for the K-pp bound state via the in-flight 3He(K-, n) reaction

Author: C. Guaraldo, Michiko Sekimoto, Hiroaki Ohnishi, G. A. Beer, T. Ishiwatari, K. Itahashi, M. Iliescu, A. Romero Vidal, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, L. Busso, K. Inoue, H. Tatsuno, Eberhard Widmann, Yasuyuki Matsuda, S. Kawasaki, J. Zmeskal, Florin Sirghi, T. Yamaga, Ryugo S. Hayano, Makoto Tokuda, Kiyoshi Tanida, Y. Sada, Tomofumi Nagae, S. Choi, O. Morra, Johann Marton, Hiroyuki Fujioka, Masahiko Iwasaki, Paul Buehler, Michael Cargnelli, D. Faso, T. Ishikawa, Diana Sirghi, M. Poli Lener, Catalina Curceanu, M. Iwai, T. Suzuki, Hyoungchan Bhang, T. Hashimoto, O. Vazquez Doce, Kyo Tsukada, Akihiro Toyoda, Fuminori Sakuma, Shun Enomoto, B. K. Weunschek, Y. Kato, Alessandro Scordo, Y. Ishiguro, K. Piscicchia, Q. Zhang, P. Kienle, Hexi Shi, H. Yim, S. Ajimura, Masami Iio, Masatoshi Sato, Shinji Okada, Mario Bragadireanu, S. Ishimoto, T. Yamazaki, Ken Suzuki, Atsushi Sakaguchi, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, Yutaka Mizoi, D. Tomono, Yue Ma, Haruhiko Outa, Hiroyuki Noumi, H. Kou, and S. Y. Suzuki
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, QC1-999, Bound state, Analytical chemistry, Neutron, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: In the J-PARC E15 experiment, a K − pp search was performed via the 3 He(K − , n ) reaction at 1.0 GeV/c . A forward-going neutron is detected by a neutron counter with 15 m flight length, and decay particles from K − pp are simultaneously measured by a cylindrical detector system that surrounds a liquid 3 He target system. In March and May, 2013, we carried out the first physics data-taking with 5×109 incident kaons on the 3 He target, and we have obtained a preliminary exclusive analysis result of 3 He(K − , Λp )n reaction.
Published: 2014

49. Layer structure analysis of Er δ-doped InP by x-ray crystal truncation rod scattering

Author: Y. Fujiwara, K. Fujita, Satofumi Ichiki, Y. Takeda, N. Matsubara, Naoki Yamada, and Masao Tabuchi
Subjects: Materials science, Scattering, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Crystal structure, Epitaxy, Crystal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, Monolayer, X-ray crystallography, X-ray crystal truncation rod, Trimethylindium
Abstract: The layer structure and crystal structure of an Er δ-doped layer in InP are analyzed in a one monolayer (ML) level by an x-ray crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering measurement using synchrotron radiation. The Er δ-doped InP sample is prepared by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using trimethylindium, tertiarybutylphosphine, and tris(methyl-cyclopentadienyl)erbium as source materials. The analysis is made by comparing the measured CTR spectra and theoretically generated ones assuming four possible crystal structures for the Er δ-doped layers. We reveal that the Er atoms in InP form the rocksalt structure ErP. In the analysis of the crystal structure the x-ray interference plays a vital role. Er distribution in the δ-doped layer is clearly resolved in 1 ML level. It is shown that the Er atoms are well confined in 5 ML(15 A) thickness. The total amount of Er atoms is 0.171 ML, which is quite close to 0.2 ML obtained by Rutherford backscattering measurement on the same sample.
Published: 1997

50. Measurement of muonium emission from silica aerogel

Author: H. Onishi, Shinji Okada, A. Olin, G. Beer, Masahiko Iwasaki, S. Hirota, K. Olchanski, Pavel Bakule, Glenn M. Marshall, Makoto Tabata, Patrick Strasser, Naritoshi Kawamura, Yasuhiro Miyake, K. Ueno, T. Kakurai, S. Kanda, Koichiro Shimomura, Y. Fujiwara, Hiromi Iinuma, Yasuyuki Matsuda, D. Tomono, H. Kawai, Masayoshi Esashi, Katsuhiko Ishida, H. Masuda, Shinya Yoshida, Y. Fukao, K. Yokoyama, Nagahiro Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, and Dagoberto Contreras
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Muonium, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Spectral line, Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), SIMPLE (dark matter experiment), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Small deviations, Aerogel, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Diffusion process, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Emission of muonium ($\mu^{+}e^{-}$) atoms from silica aerogel into vacuum was observed. Characteristics of muonium emission were established from silica aerogel samples with densities in the range from 29 mg cm$^{-3}$ to 178 mg cm$^{-3}$. Spectra of muonium decay times correlated with distances from the aerogel surfaces, which are sensitive to the speed distributions, follow general features expected from a diffusion process, while small deviations from a simple room-temperature thermal diffusion model are identified. The parameters of the diffusion process are deduced from the observed yields., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PTEP
Published: 2013

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