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Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignancy characterized by genetic heterogeneity due to recurrent gene mutations. Treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the standard of care for more than half of a century. Although much progress has been made toward improving treatment related mortality rate in the past few decades, long term overall survival has stagnated. Exciting developments of gene mutation-targeted therapeutic agents are now changing the landscape in AML treatment. New agents offer more clinical options for patients and also confer a more promising outcome. Since Midostaurin, a FLT3 inhibitor, was first approved by US FDA in 2017 as the first gene mutation-targeted therapeutic agent, an array of new gene mutation-targeted agents are now available for AML treatment. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in gene mutation-targeted therapies for patients with AML.

Soil moisture is one of the important hydrological elements. Obtaining soil moisture accurately and effectively is of great significance for water resource management in irrigation area. During the process of soil moisture content retrieval with multiremote sensing data, multi- remote sensing data always brings multi-spatial scale problems which results in inconformity of soil moisture content retrieved by remote sensing in different spatial scale. In addition, agricultural water use management has suitable spatial scale of soil moisture information so as to satisfy the demands of dynamic management of water use and water demand in certain unit. We have proposed to use land parcel unit as the minimum unit to do soil moisture content research in agricultural water using area, according to soil characteristics, vegetation coverage characteristics in underlying layer, and hydrological characteristic into the basis of study unit division. We have proposed division method of land parcel units. Based on multi thermal infrared and near infrared remote sensing data, we calculate the ndvi and tvdi index and make a statistical model between the tvdi index and soil moisture of ground monitoring station. Then we move forward to study soil moisture remote sensing retrieval method on land parcel unit scale. And the method has been applied in Hetao irrigation area. Results show that compared with pixel scale the soil moisture content in land parcel unit scale has displayed stronger correlation with true value. Hence, remote sensing retrieval method of soil moisture content in land parcel unit scale has shown good applicability in Hetao irrigation area. We converted the research unit into the scale of land parcel unit. Using the land parcel units with unified crops and soil attributes as the research units more complies with the characteristics of agricultural water areas, avoids the problems such as decomposition of mixed pixels and excessive dependence on high-resolution data caused by the research units of pixels, and doesn’t involve compromises in the spatial scale and simulating precision like the grid simulation. When the application needs are met, the production efficiency of products can also be improved at a certain degree.

The low-frequency vibration of the bucket wheel excavator has an important impact on the fatigue life of the structures. For conventional vibration testing methods, it is difficult and expensive to excite the overall low-frequency vibration of the whole machine. Hence, in this paper, the excitation method that uses the belt-supporting rollers on the boom as an exciter is tried to excite the low-frequency vibration, so that the low natural frequencies can be identified by Fourier transforming the free decay signals caused by the sudden power off. By this method, the first five natural frequencies are obtained, and the results are verified through corresponding computational numerical model of the bucket wheel excavator. It can be concluded that the proposed testing method can achieve the same accuracy but is much more convenient and costs less than existing methods.

The accumulation of inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is a potential problem in the modern swine breeds in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the pedigrees of Chinese Duroc (CD), Landrace (CL) and Yorkshire (CY) swine to estimate the past and current rates of inbreeding, and to identify the main causes of genetic diversity loss. Pedigree files from CD, CL and CY containing, 4529, 16,776 and 22,600 records, respectively, were analyzed. Pedigree completeness indexes of the three breeds, accounting for one generation back, were 83.72, 93.93 and 93.59%, respectively. The estimated average annual inbreeding rates for CD, CL and CY in recent three years were 0.21, 0.19 and 0.13%, respectively. The estimated average percentage of genetic diversity loss within each breed in recent three years was about 8.92, 2.19, and 3.36%, respectively. The average relative proportion of genetic diversity loss due to unequal contributions of founders in CD, CL and CY was 69.09, 57.95 and 60.57%, and due to random genetic drift was 30.91, 42.05 and 39.43%, respectively. The estimated current effective population size for CD, CL and CY was 76, 117 and 202, respectively. Therefore, CD has been found to have lost considerable genetic diversity, demanding priority for optimizing the selection and mating to control future coancestry and inbreeding. Unequal contribution of founders was a major cause of genetic diversity loss in Chinese swine breeds and random genetic drift also showed substantial impact on the loss of diversity.

Both DNA and histone methylation are dysregulated in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Based on preliminary data we hypothesized that dysregulated interactions of KDM2B, let-7b and EZH2 signals lead to an aberrant epigenetic landscape. Gene expression in CD34+ cells from MDS marrows was analyzed by NanoString miR array and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The functions of KDM2B, let-7b and EZH2 were characterized in myeloid cell lines and in primary MDS cells. Let-7b levels were significantly higher, and KDM2B and EZH2 expression was lower in primary CD34+ MDS marrow cells (n = 44) than in healthy controls (n = 21; p

A systematic investigation of the full energy distribution of backscattered electrons by varying both primary energy and atomic number is reported. Experimental results showed a quantitative common curve of the backscattering continuum when plotted on a logarithmic intensity scale in the intermediate energy region between 200 eV and the low-loss peaks.

Objective: To evaluate the immune activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and explore the biological characteristics and capabilities of BMSCs and the potential to be differentiated into neuronal cells in vitro., Materials and Methods: The BMSCs were isolated and proliferated in vitro to generate the xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Moreover, peripheral BMSCs (pBMSCs) were added according to different ratios, which methods were stated as follows: 1: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) + 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) + 1 μmol/L all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) + 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) + 20 μg/L epidermal growth factor (EGF); 2: DMEM + 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + 100 μmol/L butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were finally used to evaluate the differentiation capabilities of human BMSCs (hBMSCs) induced in neuronal cells., Results: hBMSCs inhibited the lymphocyte proliferation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) system at a proportional inhibition rate with additional numbers of stem cells. At hour 2 after culture with method 1, the plasma of hBMSCs shrank to nuclei and perinuclear bodies and was visualized under the light microscope. At hours 3-5, most of the hBMSCs formed neuron-like cells with total cell number unchanged. Afterward, the hBMSCs turned into bipolar or multipolar shaped cells and interconnected into a large network at Day 3. With immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining, 60-70% of the hBMSCs showed neurospecific enolase (NSE) positive and 45-50% glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive while the Nestin-positive cells decreased to 3.4%. However, when cultured 2 hours with method 2, the most of the hBMSCs formed bipolar or multipolar shaped cells, then died after 48 hours. 40-50% NSE and 35-40% GFAP were positively expressed. Significantly, the rate of Nestin-positive cells decreased from 63% to 1.6% from hour 2 after culture to hour 48., Conclusions: hBMSCs may be effective for cell therapy and tissue engineering for the capability of differentiating into neuronal-like cells, as well as the capability of inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation in MLR system.