Search

Urban areas and green spaces are significant atmospheric carbon sources and sinks. Spatial planning is crucial for improving the urban carbon budget. However, there are many uncertainties due to the diversity and complexity of the effects of urban and green space forms on the carbon budget. As a result, the role of urban areas and green spaces in emission reduction and carbon sink increases remains ambiguous. We use a landscape sustainability framework and systematically review the literature from 2002 to 2022 to elucidate the interaction between urban and green space forms and the carbon budget. We focus on regional and landscape scales. Nine landscape planning indicators affecting urban area carbon emissions, four indicators affecting green space carbon sinks, and three indicators affecting the urban–green space ecotonal relationship and the carbon budget are derived. We analyze the causes of the differences between the studies and discuss the influences of the indicators on emission reduction, carbon sink increases, and sustainable development. We summarize the design and research of urban and green spaces and the urban–green space ecotone and provide suggestions for carbon emission reduction, carbon sink increases, and research directions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been used in the resection surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy of many tumors. The aim of the present study is to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of ICG fluorescence imaging used for guiding the biopsy and resection of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC).Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled, including 18 patients of suspected SSCC and 42 patients of diagnosed SSCC on admission. The ICG fluorescence imaging-guided skin biopsy was performed preoperatively in the 18 cases of suspected SSCC. Fifty-three patients underwent ICG fluorescence imaging-guided radical excision.Results: The results showed that 138 skin tissue samples in 60 patients with preoperative or intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging-guide biopsy were collected. For a total number of 138 biopsies, 122 specimens were squamous cell carcinoma, and the accuracy rate was 88.4%, which was significantly higher than that of the group without preoperative ICG fluorescence imaging (41/62, 66.1%, P < 0.05). Fifty-three patients underwent surgery guided with ICG fluorescence imaging. Residual fluorescent signals in 24 patients were intraoperatively found and the excision was then expanded until the signals disappeared. Follow-up to November 2022, 12 patients died, of which 5 cases died from the tumor recurrence, and the others died due to advanced ages or other reasons. The recurrence rate was 9.4%, which was not significantly different from that of the group received routine radical resection (4/35, 11.4%, P > 0.05). Moreover, sentinel lymph nodes were successfully detected under ICG fluorescence imaging in the 4 patients with suspected lymph node metastases, and the location of lymph nodes can be precisely identified.Conclusion: ICG fluorescence imaging technique can guide the pathology biopsy to improve the accuracy of pathological examination, and help to identify the boundaries of tumor tissues and sentinel lymph nodes to resect tumor radically during operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to space environment interference, imperfect data processing model, and the performance of atomic clocks, real-time satellite clock products often contain outliers or irregular biases. We propose a real-time linear moving short-term prediction algorithm to predict clock offsets and detect abnormalities. The proposed algorithm mainly includes phase/frequency anomaly detection and real-time prediction part. Both the phase and frequency domains are used to detect abnormal clock offsets with previous epochs for building the clock prediction model accurately. The real-time moving prediction module utilizes the high short-term prediction performance to check the clock abnormality. The performance of the algorithm is then evaluated for all satellites with real-time estimated satellite clock offsets. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed linear moving model and algorithm, the results of the grey model GM(1,1) and the ARIMA model are also compared. The experimental results indicated that the algorithm can detect clock outliers, frequency modulation, and phase jumps, and the linear model has a better clock performance improvement. After the abnormalities are removed with the proposed algorithm, the average STD accuracy of the real-time clock offsets for all satellites is improved by 15.5%, compared to an improvement of 11.4% by the GM(1,1) model and 11.5% by the ARIMA model. The PPP results demonstrate that the proposed clock prediction algorithm improves the positioning accuracy by 8.1%, 13.3%, and 16.9% in the east, north, and up components, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds have become one of the major issues in medicine today, the treatments for which include dressing changes, negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, light irradiation, surgery and so forth. Nevertheless, the application of diode lasers in chronic wounds has rarely been reported. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of diode laser (810 nm) irradiation on chronic wounds. Eighty‐nine patients were enrolled in the study. The control group (41 patients) received traditional dressing change therapy, while the diode laser treatment group (48 patients) were patients received additional treatment with diode laser (810 nm) irradiation for 10 min at each dressing change. Wound healing time was compared between two groups, while the pain relief index was creatively introduced to evaluate the effect of relieving wound pain, which was calculated by the difference in pain scores between the first and last dressing changes divided by the number of treatment days. The wound healing time of the diode laser treatment group was 22.71 ± 8.99 days, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (37.44 ± 23.42 days). The pain relief index of the diode laser treatment group was 0.081 ± 0.055, which was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (0.057 ± 0.033). Our findings suggest that diode laser irradiation has the potential to promote healing in chronic wounds and relieve wound pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We compared the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) with those of emergency LC (ELC) in patients with moderate acute cholecystitis (AC) as per the Tokyo Guidelines. Methods: A meta-analysis of clinical comparative studies investigating the efficacy of PTGBD combined with LC (PTGBD + LC) versus ELC for moderate AC patients was performed. Results: The PTGBD + LC group had a shorter operative time (mean difference [MD] = -25.02 minutes; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -35.50 to -14.54; P < .00001), less intraoperative bleeding (MD = -33.38 mL; 95% CI -45.43 to -21.33; P < .00001), shorter postoperative hospital stay (MD = -2.37 days; 95% CI -3.30 to -1.44; P < .00001), lower conversion rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.23; 95% CI 0.11-0.48; P < .0001), and lower total postoperative morbidity (OR 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.67; P = .005) compared with the ELC group. There was no significant difference in total hospital stay (MD = 1.71 days; 95% CI -0.17 to 3.60; P = .08) and the incidence of bile leak (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.07-1.29; P = .11). Conclusions: Compared with ELC, LC after PTGBD can effectively reduce the difficulty of operation, total postoperative morbidity, and conversion rate, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay and operative duration in patients with moderate AC as per the Tokyo Guidelines. In clinical practice, it is necessary to formulate individualized treatment plans based on the condition and willingness of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) with limited therapeutic options has become a global concern. In this study, a K. pneumoniae strain called KP2e was recovered from a human case of fatal septic shock in a Chinese hospital. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, S1 nuclease-pulsed field gel electrophoresis/southern blot, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics were performed to investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of this isolate. KP2e possessed the NDM-6-encoding gene and exhibited resistance to almost all β-lactams except for monobactam. This strain belonged to sequence type 4024, the complete genome of which was composed of one chromosome and three plasmids. Furthermore, bla NDM–6 coexisted on two self-transmissible plasmids, which were assigned to types IncFIB and IncN. A structure of IS 26 -composite transposon capturing an identical Tn 125 remnant (ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM–6 - ble MBL - trpF - dsbC - cutA - groES -Δ groEL) was identified in the two plasmids, and this conserved bla NDM -surrounding genetic context was similar to that of few IncN plasmids found in other regions of China. Our research appears to be the first description of a clinical strain that emerged co-harbouring dual bla NDM -carrying plasmids, and the first report of NDM-6-positive CRKP in China. These findings demonstrated that IncN is a key medium in the evolution and expanding dissemination of bla NDM genes among various species, which indicates that close monitoring and rapid detection of bla NDM -harbouring plasmids is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear combinations of triple-frequency help improve the performance of cycle slip detection for high-precision positioning using a single receiver; however, the position can be easily misjudged under ionospheric scintillation conditions or low sampling rates. We propose a method, which is developed specially for the datasets under ionospheric scintillation conditions or low sampling rates, to detect the triple-frequency cycle slips in real-time based on optimal linear combination coefficients and ionospheric range delay. Detection formulas are derived from the triple-frequency geometry-free code-phase combination, and ionospheric range delay is estimated by the wide lane combination. In addition, the principle used to select an optimal linear phase combination coefficient is derived, and the optimal linear coefficient suitable under high ionospheric activity conditions is provided. Finally, the data collected from self-build stations JYPS and NQ01 are used to test the performance of the method. The results demonstrate that the improved method can be used to detect all combinations of cycle slips in real-time, even under conditions of ionospheric scintillation or a sampling period exceeding 10 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor, is poor. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major challenges for the treatment of HCC. Various studies have demonstrated that exosomes, which are loaded with various biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins are involved in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. Additionally, exosomes mediate various biological processes, such as immune response, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis, autophagy, and intercellular signal transduction. In cancer, exosomes regulate cancer cell differentiation, development, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, microRNAs, and proteins in the exosomes can serve as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC. As exosomes are characterized by low immunogenicity and high stability in the tissues and circulation, they can be used to deliver the drugs in cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway induces glial differentiation of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, but the mechanism by which microRNA (miRNA) regulate this process remains poorly understood. In this study, by performing miRNA genomics and loss‐ and gain‐of‐function assays in dibutyryl‐cAMP‐treated GBM cells, we identified a critical negative regulator, hsa‐miR‐1275, that modulates a set of genes involved in cancer progression, stem cell maintenance, and cell maturation and differentiation. Additionally, we confirmed that miR‐1275 directly and negatively regulates the protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of mature astrocytes. Of note, tri‐methyl‐histone H3 (Lys27) (H3K27me3), downstream of the PKA/polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) pathway, accounts for the downregulation of miR‐1275. Furthermore, decreased miR‐1275 expression and induction of GFAP expression were also observed in dibutyryl‐cAMP‐treated primary cultured GBM cells. In a patient‐derived glioma stem cell tumor model, a cAMP elevator and an inhibitor of H3K27me3 methyltransferase inhibited tumor growth, induced differentiation, and reduced expression of miR‐1275. In summary, our study shows that epigenetic inhibition of miR‐1275 by the cAMP/PKA/PRC2/H3K27me3 pathway mediates glial induction of GBM cells, providing a new mechanism and novel targets for differentiation‐inducing therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatility of the cumulative displacement of landslides is related to the influence of external factors. To improve the prediction of nonlinear changes in landslide displacement caused by external influences, a new combined forecasting model of landslide displacement has been proposed. Variational modal decomposition (VMD) was used to obtain the trend and fluctuation sequences of the original sequence of landslide displacement. First, we established a stacked long short time memory (LSTM) network model and introduced rainfall and reservoir water levels as influencing factors to predict the fluctuation sequence; next, we used a threshold autoregressive (TAR) model to predict the trend sequence, following which the trend and fluctuation prediction sequence were superimposed to obtain the cumulative predicted displacement of the landslide. Finally, the VMD-stacked LSTM-TAR combination model based on the variational modal decomposition, stacked long short time memory network, and a threshold autoregressive model was built. Taking the landslide of Baishuihe in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example, through comparison with the prediction results of the VMD-recurrent neural network-TAR, VMD-back propagation neural network-TAR, and VMD-LSTM-TAR, the proposed combined prediction model was noted to have high accuracy, and it provided a novel approach for the prediction of volatile landslide displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to chemical fuels is attractive for solving both the greenhouse effect and the energy crisis, but the key challenge is to design and synthesize photocatalysts with remarkable performance under visible light irradiation. Efficient catalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 RR) with light is considered a promising sustainable and clean approach to solve environmental problems. Herein, we found a new photocatalyst ([Mn(en) 2 ] 6 [V 12 B 18 O 54 (OH) 6 ]) (abbreviated as Mn 6 V 12 ) based on the modifiability of polyoxometalates, in which Mn acts as a modifying unit to efficiently reduce CO 2 to CO and effectively inhibit the hydrogen precipitation reaction. This Mn modified polyoxometalate catalyst has a maximum CO generation rate of 4625.0 μmol g -1 h -1 and a maximum H 2 generation rate of 499.6 μmol g -1 h -1 , with a selectivity of 90.3% for CO generation and 9.7% for H 2 generation. This polyoxometalate photocatalyst can effectively reduce CO and inhibit the hydrogen precipitation reaction. It provides a new idea for the efficient photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 RR) with polyoxometalate catalysts.

The widespread emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) with limited therapeutic options has become a global concern. In this study, a K. pneumoniae strain called KP2e was recovered from a human case of fatal septic shock in a Chinese hospital. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, S1 nuclease-pulsed field gel electrophoresis/southern blot, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics were performed to investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of this isolate. KP2e possessed the NDM-6-encoding gene and exhibited resistance to almost all β-lactams except for monobactam. This strain belonged to sequence type 4024, the complete genome of which was composed of one chromosome and three plasmids. Furthermore, bla NDM-6 coexisted on two self-transmissible plasmids, which were assigned to types IncFIB and IncN. A structure of IS 26 -composite transposon capturing an identical Tn 125 remnant (ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM-6 - ble MBL - trpF - dsbC - cutA - groES -Δ groEL ) was identified in the two plasmids, and this conserved bla NDM -surrounding genetic context was similar to that of few IncN plasmids found in other regions of China. Our research appears to be the first description of a clinical strain that emerged co-harbouring dual bla NDM -carrying plasmids, and the first report of NDM-6-positive CRKP in China. These findings demonstrated that IncN is a key medium in the evolution and expanding dissemination of bla NDM genes among various species, which indicates that close monitoring and rapid detection of bla NDM -harbouring plasmids is necessary., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gong, Lu, Xue, Wei, Li, Li, Lu, Wang, Wang, Peng and Zhao.)

Acute cholecystitis is a common clinical inflammatory lesion of the gallbladder. With the aggravation of inflammation, ischemic, necrosis, and even acute gangrenous cholecystitis occur in the gallbladder. At the same time, a variety of complications appear, seriously affecting the prognosis of patients. It is recommended that ultrasound can be utilized as the first choice for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, due to its fastness, convenience, non-radiation, and low cost. Here, we summarize the latest progress that can predict acute gangrenous cholecystitis in ultrasound, thus assisting us in identifying patients with high risk of gangrene in early stage, and treating these patients in time., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Elderly patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often suffer from cardiac function impairment. Real-time monitoring of cardiac function and structural changes has important clinical significance. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a convenient, intuitive, and non-invasive real-time examination of the heart, and it has been widely used for intensive care patients. This study aims to analyze the impact of TTE on the prognosis of elderly patients in ICU., Methods: Data from elderly patients in the ICU was obtained from the MIMIC-III 1.4 database, and they were divided into a TTE examination group and a non-TTE examination group. The baseline data of the two groups were compared, and multiple regression analysis, propensity score (PS), compatibility analysis, and other methods were used to analyze the influence of TTE on the prognosis of elderly patients in ICU., Results: A total of 8,952 elderly cases were included, comprising 3,280 cases (36.6%) in the TTE group and 5,672 cases (63.4%) in the non-TTE group. The SAPS score (20.34±5.34 vs. 18.74±5.2, t=13.889, P<0.001) and SOFA score (5.10±3.38 vs. 3.82±2.81, t=19.250, P<0.001) of patients in the TTE group were higher than those of non-TTE group. The rate of patients in the TTE group receiving mechanical ventilation (52.10% vs. 34.80%) and vasoactive drugs (29.30% vs. 15.00%) was significantly higher than that in the non-TTE group. In the PS score compatibility cohort, the 28-day mortality rate of patients in the TTE group was 23.4%, and the 28-day mortality rate of patients in the non-TTE group was 28.7%. The adjusted odd ratio (OR) value was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65-0.87, P<0.001). Analysis of secondary endpoints showed that patients in the TTE group did not use mechanical ventilation and hypertension drugs for a longer period of time than those in the non-TTE group, and the TTE group patients had significantly more fluid input in the first three days after admission to the ICU than in the non-TTE group., Conclusions: TTE examination can reduce the 28-day mortality risk of elderly critically ill patients.