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Implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) osteomyelitis is a severe challenge in orthopedics. While antibiotic-loaded bone cement is a standardized therapeutic approach for S. aureus osteomyelitis, it falls short in eradicating Staphylococcus abscess communities (SACs) and bacteria within osteocyte-lacuna canalicular network (OLCN) and repairing bone defects. To address limitations, we developed a borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) combined with ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic scaffold to enhance antibacterial efficacy and bone repair capabilities. We conducted comprehensive assessments of the osteoinductive, immunomodulatory, antibacterial properties, and thermal response of this scaffold, with or without an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Utilizing a well-established implant-related S. aureus tibial infection rabbit model, we evaluated its antibacterial performance in vivo. RNA transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that BSG + 5%Fe3O4 enhanced the immune response to bacteria and promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MSCs. Notably, BSG + 5%Fe3O4 upregulated gene expression of NOD-like receptor and TNF pathway in MSCs, alongside increased the expression of osteogenic factors (RUNX2, ALP and OCN) in vitro. Flow cytometry on macrophage exhibited a polarization effect towards M2, accompanied by upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (TGF-β1 and IL-1Ra) and downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6 and IL-1β) among macrophages. In vivo CT imaging revealed the absence of osteolysis and periosteal response in rabbits treated with BSG + 5%Fe3O4 + AMF at 42 days. Histological analysis indicated complete controls of SACs and bacteria within OLCN by day 42, along with new bone formation, signifying effective control of S. aureus osteomyelitis. Further investigations will focus on the in vivo biosafety and biological mechanism of this scaffold within infectious microenvironment.

Bone infection is a catastrophe in clinical orthopedics. Despite being the standard therapy for osteomyelitis, antibiotic-loaded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement has low efficiency against bacteria in biofilms. Furthermore, high-dose antibiotic-loaded implants carry risks of bacterial resistance, tissue toxicity, and impairment of local tissue healing. By incorporating borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) into low-dose gentamicin sulfate (GS)-loaded PMMA cement, an intelligent strategy that synergistically eradicates bacteria and sequentially promotes osseointegration, was devised. Results showed that BSG did not compromises the handling properties of the cement, but actually endowed it with an ionic and alkaline microenvironment, thereby damaging the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membranes, inhibiting ATP synthesis by disrupting the respiratory chain in cell membranes and glycogen metabolism, and elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by weakening antioxidant components (peroxisomes and carotenoids). These antibacterial characteristics of BSG synergistically reinforced the effectiveness of GS, which was far below the actual clinical dosage, achieving efficient bacterial killing and biofilm clearance by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes. Furthermore, the released GS and the ionic and alkaline microenvironment from the implants fostered the osteogenic activity of hBMSCs in vitro and coordinately enhanced osseointegration in vivo. Collectively, this study underscores that BSG incorporation offers a promising strategy for reducing antibiotic dosage while simultaneously enhancing the antibacterial activity and osteogenesis of implants. This approach holds potential for resolving the conflict between bacterial resistance and bone infection.

Abstract The objective was to explore the efficacy of single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure using double-modified hernia needles with hydrodissection (SLPEC group) and two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (TLPEC group) for the treatment of giant indirect inguinal hernias in children. We performed a retrospective review of all children with giant indirect inguinal hernias (inner ring orifice diameter ≥ 1.5 cm) who underwent laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac at FuJian Children’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. We collected data from the medical records of all the children and analysed their clinical characteristics and operation-related and follow-up information. Overall, this study included a cohort of 219 patients with isolated giant inguinal hernias who had complete clinical data and who had undergone laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac at our centre. All procedures were successfully performed for the 106 patients who underwent SLPEC and for the 113 patients who underwent TLPEC at our centre. There were no statistically significant differences in patient age, sex, body weight, follow-up time or the side of inguinal hernia between the SLPEC group and the TLPEC group (P = 0.123, 0.613, 0.121, 0.076 and 0.081, respectively). However, there were significant differences in the bleeding volume, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and postoperative activity time between the two groups (P ≤ 0.001). The operation times in the TLPEC group were significantly longer than those in the SLPEC group (P = 0.048), but there were no significant differences in hospital length of stay or hospitalization costs between the two groups (P = 0.244 and 0.073, respectively). Incision scars were found in 2 patients in the SLPEC group and 9 patients in the TLPEC group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.04). However, the incidence of ipsilateral hernia recurrence, surgical site infection, suture-knot reactions and chronic inguinodynia did not significantly differ between the two groups (P = 0.332, 0.301, 0.332 and 0.599, respectively). Postoperative hydrocele occurred in only 1 male child in the SLPEC group and in no male children in the TLPEC group, and there was no difference between the two groups (P = 0.310). In this study, there were no cases of testicular atrophy or iatrogenic ascent of the testis. Compared with the TLPEC group, the SLPEC group had the advantages of a concealed incision, light scarring, minimal invasiveness, a reduced operation time, minimal bleeding, mild pain and rapid recovery. In conclusion, SLPEC using double-modified hernia needles with hydrodissection and high ligation of the hernia sac is a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgery. The cosmetic results are impressive, and the follow-up results are promising.

BackgroundClinical observations have recently shown that Abelmoschus manihot (L.) in the form of Huangkui capsule (HKC) and in combination with irbesartan (EB) is an effective therapy for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacies of HKC and its combination with EB in DN via the gut-kidney axis.MethodsHKC, EB, and their combination or vehicle were administered in db/db mice, which is an animal model for the study of T2D and DN. Comparative analyses of the gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and kidney transcriptomics before and after drug administration were performed.ResultsAfter treatment with HKC, EB, and their combination for 4 weeks, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios decreased significantly in the db/db mice with DN. In terms of the gut microbiota, the abundances of Faecalitalea, Blautia, and Streptococcus increased but those of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Enterobacteriaceae, and Desulfovibrio decreased. Parallelly, serum metabolites, mainly including quercetin 3′-glucuronide and L-dopa, were elevated while cortisol and cytochalasin B were reduced. Furthermore, the S100a8, S100a9, Trem1, and Mmp7 genes in the kidneys were downregulated. These altered elements were associated with proteinuria/albuminuria reduction. However, EB had no effects on the changes in blood pressure and specific differentially expressed genes in the kidneys.ConclusionThe present study provides experimental evidence that HKC regulates the gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, and renal gene activities, which are useful for better understanding of the action mechanisms of A. manihot in the treatment of DN through the gut-kidney axis.

Abstract Background THOC7-AS1 and FSTL1 expression are frequently upregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, their molecular biological mechanisms remain elusive and their potential as therapeutic targets needs urgent exploration. Methods Human tissue samples were used to evaluate clinical parameters. In vitro and in vivo experiments assessed biological functions. Quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, silver staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assays etc. were utilized to explore the molecular biological mechanisms. Results We found FSTL1 is an oncogene in cSCC, with high expression in tumor tissues and cells. Its elevated expression closely associates with tumor size and local tissue infiltration. In vitro and in vivo, high FSTL1 expression promotes cSCC proliferation, migration and invasion, facilitating malignant behaviors. Mechanistically, FSTL1 interacts with ZEB1 to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cSCC cells. Exploring upstream regulation, we found THOC7-AS1 can interact with OCT1, which binds the FSTL1 promoter region and promotes FSTL1 expression, facilitating cSCC progression. Finally, treating tumors with THOC7-AS1 antisense oligonucleotides inhibited cSCC proliferative and migratory abilities, delaying tumor progression. Conclusions The THOC7-AS1/OCT1/FSTL1 axis regulates EMT and promotes tumor progression in cSCC. This study provides clues and ideas for cSCC targeted therapy.

BackgroundPediatric solid tumors are a common malignant disease in children, and more and more studies have proved that there is an inseparable relationship between adult tumors and intestinal microbiome, but the changes in the intestinal microbiota of pediatric solid tumor (PST) patients have been scarcely examined. This study aims to examine the differences in the intestinal microbiota features between patients diagnosed with PST and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsTo elucidate the unique characteristics of the gut microbiota in pediatric patients with solid tumors, we recruited 23 PST patients and 20 HCs. A total of 43 stool samples were gathered, and then 16S rRNA sequencing was performed.ResultsWe noticed a noticeable pattern of elevated diversity in the gut microbiota within the PST groups. The differences in microbial communities among two groups were remarkable, regarding the analysis at the class level, the abundance of Bacilli was markedly increased in PST patients compared to HCs (P

In rapidly urbanizing regions, enhancing passenger comfort in subway systems through sustainable methods is a critical challenge. This study introduces an innovative exploration of the impact of subway entrance geometry on natural ventilation and its subsequent effects on the thermal environment within Cairo’s subway system. The primary objective is to identify optimal entrance configurations that maximize natural airflow, thereby improving passenger comfort and reducing energy consumption. Focusing on the newly constructed segments of the Cairo subway, the research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with a questionnaire survey to evaluate interactions between various entrance designs and urban wind flow patterns. This dual approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of how different geometrical configurations influence the capture and distribution of prevailing winds. The results indicate that specific entrance geometries can significantly enhance ventilation efficiency by optimizing wind capture and distribution. The most effective designs demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and thermal comfort, providing practical insights for subway systems in similar hot arid climates. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed analysis of architectural elements to leverage natural environmental conditions for improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort in public transit systems. The significance of this study is its contribution to the field of sustainable urban transport, offering a valuable framework for urban planners and engineers. By demonstrating how thoughtful design can lead to energy savings and enhanced passenger experiences, this research advances the discourse on sustainable urban infrastructure. This work not only enhances theoretical understanding but also provides actionable recommendations for creating more sustainable and comfortable public transit infrastructures.

Abstract Objective To compare the outcome of using a double J (DJ) stent combined with pyelostomy tube with a DJ stent alone in laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) for pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Methods A retrospective review of all patients with UPJO treated with LP between January 2017 and November 2021 was conducted in our center. According to different postoperative drainage methods patients were divided into a DJ stent group (52 cases) and a DJ stent combined with pyelostomy tube group (combination group, 41 cases). Operative time, bleeding volume, perirenal drainage stent removal time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and renal function recovery were compared between the two groups. Renal ultrasound and diuretic renogram (DR) were used for preoperative and postoperative follow-up. Results A total of 52 patients were in the DJ stent group and 41 patients in the combination group. The mean hospital stay was 6.46 ± 2.66 days in the DJ stent group and 5.22 ± 1.63 days in the combination group (p 0.05). Non-catheter-related complications developed in 10/52 patients in the DJ stent group (19.2%) and only 1/41 patients in the combination group (2.4%) (p

This paper introduces a novel methodology for mitigating undesired oscillations in overhead crane systems used in material handling operations in the industry by leveraging Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Oscillations during material transportation, particularly at the end location, pose safety risks and prolong carrying times. The methodology involves collecting sensor data from an overhead crane system, preprocessing the data, training an LSTM-based RNN model that incorporates symmetrical features, and integrating the model into a control algorithm. The control algorithm utilizes swing angle predictions from the symmetry-enhanced LSTM-based RNN model to dynamically adjust crane motion in real time, minimizing oscillations. Symmetry in this framework refers to the balanced and consistent handling of oscillatory data, ensuring that the model can generalize better across different scenarios and load conditions. The LSTM-based RNN model accurately predicts swing angles, enabling proactive control actions to be taken. Experimental validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving an accuracy of approximately 98.6% in swing angle prediction. This innovative approach holds promise for transforming material transportation processes in industrial settings, enhancing operational safety, and optimizing efficiency.

With the advancement of network technology, there has been an increase in the volume of data being transmitted across networks. Due to the bandwidth limitation of communication channels, data often need to be quantized or event-triggered mechanisms are introduced to conserve communication resources. On the other hand, network uncertainty can lead to data loss and destroy data integrity. This paper investigates the identification of finite impulse response (FIR) systems under the framework of stochastic noise and the combined effects of the event-triggered mechanism and uncertain communications. The study provides a reference for the application of remote system identification under transmission-constrained and packet loss scenarios. First, a congruential summation-triggered communication scheme (CSTCS) is introduced to lower the communication rate. Then, parameter estimation algorithms are designed for scenarios with known and unknown packet loss probabilities, respectively, and their strong convergence is proved. Furthermore, an approximate expression for the convergence rate is obtained by data fitting under the condition of uncertain packet loss probability, treating the trade-off between convergence performance and communication resource usage as a constrained optimization problem. Finally, the rationality and correctness of the algorithm are verified by numerical simulations.

The regeneration of alveolar bone is still clinical challenge, particularly accompanied with diabetes, causing metabolic disorder with a protracted low-grade inflammatory phenotype. As a result, the anticipated loading of biomaterials is highly suspicious in spontaneous modulation of cells function, which is mostly disturbed by constant inflammation. In this study, we developed glucose and hydrogen peroxide dual-responsive borosilicate glass (BSG) scaffolds loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to synergistically modulate the abnormal inflammation of diabetic alveolar bone defects. It was found that the release of EGCG by BSG could directly regulate the shift of macrophages from M1 to the M2 phenotype by promoting autophagy and lessening the inhibition of autophagic flux. Moreover, EGCG can also indirectly regulate the polarization phenotype of macrophages by reducing the activation of NF-κb in stem cells and restoring its immunoregulatory capacity. Therefore, the addition of EGCG to BSG scaffold in diabetes allows for a more striking modulation of the macrophage phenotype in a timely manner. The altered macrophage phenotype reduces local inflammation and thus increases the ability to repair diabetic alveolar bone, showing promise for the treatment of alveolar defect in diabetic patients.

BackgroundPediatric solid tumor, the abnormal proliferation of solid tissues in children resulting in the formation of tumors, represent a prevailing malignant ailment among the younger population. Extensive literature highlights the inseparable association linking oral microbiome and adult tumors, but due to differences in age of onset, characteristics of onset, etc., there are many differences between Pediatric solid tumors and adult tumors, and therefore, studying the relationship between Pediatric solid tumor and the oral microbiota is also essential.MethodsTo unravel the distinct characteristics of the oral microbiota within Pediatric solid tumor patients, 43 saliva samples, encompassing 23 Pediatric solid tumor patients and 20 healthy controls, were diligently procured. A meticulous screening process ensued, and conducted microbial MiSeq sequencing after screening.ResultsWe documented the oral microbiome attributes among pediatric diagnosed with solid tumors (PST), and meanwhile, we observed a significant trend of decreased oral microbiota diversity in the pediatric solid tumor group. There were notable disparities in microbial communities observed between the two groups, 18 genera including Veillonellaceae, Firmicutes unclassified, Coriobacteriia, Atopobiaceae, Negativicutes, were significantly enriched in PST patients, while 29 genera, including Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Neisseriaceae, were dominant in the HCs group. It was found that PST group had 16 gene functions, including Amino acid metabolism, Cysteine and methionine metabolism, Photosynthesis antenna proteins, Arginine and proline metabolism, and Aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesi, were significantly dominant, while 29 gene functions that prevailed in HCs.ConclusionThis study characterized the oral microbiota of Pediatric solid tumor patients for the first time, and importantly, targeted biomarkers of oral microbiota may serve as powerful and non-invasive diagnostic tools for pediatric solid tumor patients.

Injectable bone biomaterials like bone cement should be designed and fabricated with certain biological criteria, which include: 1) recruitment and polarization of the macrophages from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype, 2) enhance vascularization, and 3) activate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells to promote bone healing. So far, no injectable biomaterials could spontaneously regulate the entire bone healing process that involves inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we designed bone cement comprised of strontium and copper-incorporated borosilicate glass (Sr/Cu-BSG) in the liquid phase of chitosan to modulate bone healing. In vitro studies showed that the controlled release of Sr and Cu ions up-regulated anti-inflammatory genes(IL-1Ra and TGF-β1) while down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes(IL-1β and IL-6) in macrophages at 3 days. Sr and Cu ions also increased the expressions of angiogenic genes (VEGF and bFGF) in HUVECs at 5 days and osteogenic genes (Runx-2, OCN, and OPN) in hBMSCs at 7, 14, and 21 days. 5Sr3Cu-BSG bone cement exhibited the best anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties among the bone cement groups with different Sr and Cu ratios. Short-term and long-term implantation of Sr/Cu-BSGs in femoral condylar bone defects of rats and rabbits confirmed the in vitro results, where the degradation rate of Sr/Cu-BSG matched the bone healing rate. Similar to in vitro, the 5Sr3Cu-BSG group also showed the highest bone formation in vivo. Excellent physical and chemical properties, along with its bone repairing ability, make the Sr/Cu-BSG bone cement a good candidate biomaterial for treating bone defects.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pneumovesicoscopic Cohen surgery with an adjustable suspension technique through the urethra for the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux disease in infants. Methods This study retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 31 infants who underwent pneumovesicoscopic Cohen surgery with an adjustable suspension technique through the urethra in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. We also collected the clinical data of 29 infants who underwent open Cohen surgery in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 as a control variable. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. Result All pneumovesicoscopic Cohen surgeries were successfully completed and no patients were converted to open surgery. The amount of bleeding, duration of postoperative analgesia, duration of postoperative haematuria, incision size and length of hospital stay in the pneumovesicoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the open surgery group (P 0.05). Conclusion Pneumovesicoscopic Cohen surgery with an adjustable suspension technique through the urethra for the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux disease in infants was safe and effective. This procedure had the advantages of less trauma, quick recovery and good cosmetic effects.

As a strong interference source for the all-time optical imaging surveillance of maritime targets, sea surface glare is difficult to mitigate accurately because of its time-varying characteristics due to lighting conditions and seawater fluctuations. In this paper, we propose an adaptive suppression approach to sea surface glare, which establishes a geographic polarization suppression model based on real-time information regarding geographic positioning and the orientation information of the floating platform, and also combines dynamic polarization control and pixel normalization to achieve adaptive suppression of sea surface glare. Experimental results show that this approach can mitigate the influence of rapidly changing glare effectively, and the SSIM indexes between the images without glare and those with glare suppression of the same scenes exceed 0.8, which is suitable for all-time glare suppression on the sea surface under natural lighting conditions.

Abstract Digital PCR (dPCR) is an important tool for precise nucleic acid quantification in clinical setting, but the limited multiplexing capability restricts its applications for quantitative gene panel profiling. Here, this work describes melt‐encoded‐tags for expanded optical readout in digital PCR (METEOR‐dPCR), a simple two‐step assay that enables simultaneous quantification of a large panel of arbitrary genes in a dPCR platform. Target genes are quantitatively converted into DNA tags with unique melting temperatures through a ligation approach. These tags are then counted and distinguished by their melt‐curve profiles on a dPCR platform. A multiplexing capacity of M^N, where M is the number of resolvable melting temperature and N is the number of fluorescence channel, can be achieved. This work validates METEOR‐dPCR with simultaneous DNA copy number profiling of 60 targets using dPCR in cancer cells, and demonstrates its sensitivity for estimating tumor fraction in mixed tumor and normal DNA samples. The rapid, quantitative, and highly multiplexed METEOR‐dPCR assay will have wide appeal for many clinical applications.

To compare the impact of the scrotal vs inguinal orchidopexy approach on the testicular function of infants with cryptorchidism, a randomized controlled trial was conducted involving boys who were 6–12 months old at surgery and were diagnosed with clinically palpable, inguinal undescended testis. Between June 2021 and December 2021, these boys at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) and Fujian Children's Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were enrolled. Block randomization with a 1:1 allocation ratio was employed. The primary outcome was testicular function assessed by testicular volume, serum testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B (InhB) levels. Secondary outcomes included operative time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative complications. Among 577 screened patients, 100 (17.3%) were considered eligible and enrolled in the study. Of the 100 children who completed the 1-year follow-up, 50 underwent scrotal orchidopexy and 50 underwent inguinal orchidopexy. The testicular volume, serum testosterone, AMH, and InhB levels in both groups increased markedly after surgery (all P < 0.05), but there were no apparent differences between groups at 6 months and 12 months after operation (all P > 0.05). No differences between the scrotal and inguinal groups were noted regarding the operative time (P = 0.987) and amount of intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.746). The overall complication rate (2.0%) of the scrotal group was slightly lower than that of the inguinal group (8.0%), although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both scrotal and inguinal orchiopexy exerted protective effects on testicular function in children with cryptorchidism, with similar operative status and postoperative complications. Scrotal orchiopexy is an effective alternative to inguinal orchiopexy in children with cryptorchidism.

For many years, surgical treatment of buried penis in children has been researched by several scholars, and numerous methods exist. This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of a modified fixation technique in treating buried penis in children. Clinical data of 94 patients with buried penis who were treated using the modified penile fixation technique from March 2017 to February 2019 in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were retrospectively collected, compared, and analyzed. Clinical data of 107 patients with buried penis who were treated using traditional penile fixation technique from February 2014 to February 2017 were chosen for comparison. The results showed that at 6 months and 12 months after surgery, the penile lengths in the modified penile fixation group were longer than those in the traditional penile fixation group (both P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative skin contracture and penile retraction in the modified penile fixation group was less than that in the traditional penile fixation group (P = 0.034 and P = 0.012, respectively). When the two groups were compared in terms of parents' satisfaction scores, the scores for penile size, penile morphology, and voiding status in the modified penile fixation group were higher than those in the traditional penile fixation group at 2-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups after surgery (all P < 0.05). We concluded that the modified penile fixation technique could effectively reduce the incidence of skin contracture and penile retraction and improve the penile length and satisfaction of patients' parents.

In the past 4 decades, many articles have reported on the effects of the piezoelectric effect on bone formation and the research progress of piezoelectric biomaterials in orthopedics. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate all existing research and latest developments in the field of bone piezoelectricity, and to explore potential research directions in this area. To assess the overall trend in this field over the past 40 years, this study comprehensively collected literature reviews in this field using a literature retrieval program, applied bibliometric methods and visual analysis using CiteSpace and R language, and identified and investigated publications based on publication year (1984–2022), type of literature, language, country, institution, author, journal, keywords, and citation counts. The results show that the most productive countries in this field are China, the United States, and Italy. The journal with the most publications in the field of bone piezoelectricity is the International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, followed by Implant Dentistry. The most productive authors are Lanceros-Méndez S, followed by Sohn D.S. Further research on the results obtained leads to the conclusion that the research direction of this field mainly includes piezoelectric surgery, piezoelectric bone tissue engineering scaffold, manufacturing artificial cochleae for hearing loss patients, among which the piezoelectric bone tissue engineering scaffold is the main research direction in this field. The piezoelectric materials involved in this direction mainly include polyhydroxybutyrate valerate, PVDF, and BaTiO3.

Critical bone defects caused by extensive excision of malignant bone tumor and the probability of tumor recurrence due to residual tumor cells make malignant bone tumor treatment a major clinical challenge. The present therapeutic strategy concentrates on implanting bone substitutes for defect filling but suffers from failures in both enhancing bone regeneration and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. Herein, Cu and Mn-doped borosilicate nanoparticles (BSNs) were developed for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor treatment, which can enhance bone regeneration through the osteogenic effects of Cu2+ and Mn3+ ions and meanwhile induce tumor cells apoptosis through the hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton-like reactions of Cu2+ and Mn3+ ions. In vitro study showed that both osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of endothelial cells were promoted by BSNs, and consistently the critical bone defects of rats were efficiently repaired by BSNs through in vivo evaluation. Meanwhile, BSNs could generate hydroxyl radicals through Fenton-like reactions in the simulated tumor microenvironment, promote the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and eventually induce tumor cell apoptosis. Besides, subcutaneous tumors of mice were effectively inhibited by BSNs without causing toxic side effects to normal tissues and organs. Altogether, Cu and Mn-doped BSNs developed in this work performed dual functions of enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone regeneration, and inhibiting tumor growth for chemodynamic therapy, thus holding a great potential for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor therapy.

Purpose This study aimed to identify the common pathways and hub genes related to oxidative stress (OS) and autophagy of both annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) based on the data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Methods The Gene expression data for human intervertebral discs was obtained from the GEO database, including the AF and NP of both non-degenerated disc and degenerated disc. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R language. DEGs related to OS and autophagy were obtained using Gene Ontology (GO) database. Analyses of the GO, signaling pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and hub genes were performed using AnnotationDbi package, DAVID, GSEA, STRING database, and Cytoscape software, respectively. Finally, the online tool of NetworkAnalyst and the Drug Signatures database (DSigDB) were used to screen for transcriptional factors and potential drugs of the hub genes. Results There were 908 genes associated with OS and autophagy found. A total of 52 DEGs were identified, included five upregulated and 47 downregulated genes. These DEGs were mainly involved in mTOR signaling pathway and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes were CAT, GAPDH, PRDX1, PRDX4, TLR4, GPX7, GPX8, MSRA, RPTOR, GABARAPL1. Besides, FOXC1, PPARG, RUNX2, JUN, and YY1 were identified as the key regulatory factors of hub genes. L-cysteine, oleanolic acid, and berberine were potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of IDD. Conclusions Common hub genes, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and potential drugs associated with OS and autophagy were identified, which provides significant basis for further mechanism research and drug screening of IDD.

C17H14N2O6S·C3H7NO, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 5.4146(4) Å, b = 11.7925(8) Å, c = 16.9527(12) Å, α = 85.238(2)°, β = 86.674(4)°, γ = 78.959(2)°, V = 1057.77(13) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0418, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1175, T = 296(2) K.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-site laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation with an epidural needle for incarcerated ovarian hernias in infants and young children. Methods The clinical data of 38 infants with incarcerated ovarian hernias who underwent single-site laparoscopic extradural needle extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Results All procedures were successfully performed using laparoscopy with no need for conversion to open surgery. The time of hospital stay was 1.30 ± 0.39 days. During hospitalization and follow-up, there were no complications, such as intestinal or bladder injury, abdominal wall vascular injury, ovarian atrophy, hernia recurrence or contralateral indirect hernia. However, three patients experienced complications, including two cases of poor healing of the umbilical incision and one case of suture granuloma. Conclusions Single-site laparoscopic high ligation of the extraperitoneal hernia sac with an epidural needle is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of incarcerated ovarian hernias in infants and young children. It has the advantages of minimal trauma, no scarring and good cosmetic effects.

This paper aims to analyze the roof stability when the reclaimed working face passes through abandoned roadway. The mechanical model of main roof in abandoned roadway was established for the purpose of theoretical analyses. To ensure the stability of the abandoned roadway, the strength formula of backfill body was deduced. The optimum ratios among different compositions of the filling material were determined by experiment, while the viscosity, bleeding, hydration temperature and compressive strength of filling material were also studied. Test results indicated that the optimum ratio among coal ash, lime and compound activator is 80:15:5, and the ideal water cement ratio is 0.7:1. It was also found that no bleeding occurred, the rheological behavior of slurry presented shear thinning fluid and the hydration temperature of filling body was relatively stable which is mainly maintained at 40°C. The uniaxial compressive strength of filling material with 28 and 90 days curing were 3.35 and 6.62 MPa respectively. Under a confining pressure environment, the filling material presented an obviously plastic deformation. Field test showed that the filling rate was almost 100%, when working face passed through abandoned roadway, the surface of filled body was complete and no roof collapse was triggered. Therefore, a better bonding effect was proved for the filling body.

Abstract Background Postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious thrombotic complication in the patients with otolaryngologic cancers. We investigated the risk factors associated with postoperative PE after radical resection of head and neck cancers. Methods A total of 3512 patients underwent head and neck cancers radical resection from 2013 to 2019. A one-to-three control group without postoperative PE was selected matched by age, gender, and type of cancer. Univariate analyses were performed for the perioperative patient data including hemodynamic management factors. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the factors and their odds ratios. Results Postoperative PE was prevalent in 0.85% (95%CI = 0.56–1.14). Univariate analyses showed that a high ASA grade, high BMI, and smoking history may be related to postoperative PE. There was significantly difference in operation time between the two groups, especially for> 4 h [22(78.6%) vs 43(51.2%), P = .011]. The urine output was lower [1.37(0.73–2.21) ml·kg− 1·h− 1 vs 2.14(1.32–3.46) ml·kg− 1·h− 1, P = .006] and the incidence of oliguria was significantly increased (14.3% vs 1.2%, P = .004) in the PE group. Multivariable conditional logistic regression showed postoperative PE were associated with the cumulative duration for intraoperative hypotension (OR = 2.330, 95%CI = 1.428–3.801, P = .001), oliguria (OR = 14.844, 95%CI = 1.089–202.249, P = .043), and operation time > 4 h (OR = 4.801, 95%CI = 1.054–21.866, P = .043). Conclusions The intraoperative hypotension, oliguria, and operation time > 4 h are risk factors associated with postoperative PE after radical resection of head and neck cancers. Improving intraoperative hemodynamics management to ensure adequate blood pressure and urine output may reduce the occurrence of such complications.

In our work, a flurry of original porphyrin-based polymers covalently functionalized g-C3N4 nanohybrids were constructed and nominated as PPorx-g-C3N4 (x = 1, 2 and 3) through click chemistry between porphyrin-based polymers with alkyne end-groups [(PPorx-C≡CH (x = 1, 2 and 3)] and azide-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4-N3). Due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between porphyrin-based polymers [PPorx (x = 1, 2 and 3)] group and graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) group in PPorx-g-C3N4 nanohybrids, the PPorx-g-C3N4 nanohybrids exhibited better non-linear optical (NLO) performance than the corresponding PPorx-C≡CH and g-C3N4-N3. It found that the imaginary third-order susceptibility (Im [χ(3)]) value of the nanohybrids with different molecular weight (MW) of the pPorx group in the nanohybrids ranged from 2.5×103 to 7.0 × 103 g mol−1 was disparate. Quite interestingly, the Im [χ(3)] value of the nanohybrid with a pPorx group’s MW of 4.2 × 103 g mol−1 (PPor2-g-C3N4) was 1.47 × 10–10 esu, which exhibited the best NLO performance in methyl methacrylate (MMA) of all nanohybrids. The PPorx-g-C3N4 was dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to prepare the composites PPorx-g-C3N4/PMMA since PMMA was widely used as an alternative to glass. PPor2-g-C3N4/PMMA showed the excellent NLO performance of all nanohybrids with the Im [χ(3)] value of 2.36 × 10–10 esu, limiting threshold of 1.71 J/cm2, minimum transmittance of 8% and dynamic range of 1.09 in PMMA, respectively. It suggested that PPorx-g-C3N4 nanohybrids were potential outstanding NLO materials.

Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are widely anticipated to be an optimum bone repair substitute due to its satisfied biocompatibility and degradability, suitable to be used in minimally invasive treatment of bone defects. However the clinical application of CPC is still not satisfied by its poor cohesiveness and mechanical properties, in particular its osteoinductivity. Hyaluronic acid reinforced calcium phosphate cements (HA/CPC) showed extroadinary potential not only enhancing the compressive strength of the cements but also significantly increasing its osteoinductivity. In our study, the compressive strength of HA/CPC increased significantly when the cement was added 1% hyaluronic acid (denoted as 1-HA/CPC). In the meantime, hyaluronic acid obviously promoted ALP activity, osteogenic related protein and mRNA expression of hBMSCs (human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro, cement group of HA/CPC with 4% hyaluronic acid adding (denoted as 4-HA/CPC) showed optimal enhancement in hBMSCs differentiation. After being implanted in rat tibial defects, 4-HA/CPC group exhibited better bone repair ability and bone growth promoting factors, comparing to pure CPC and 1-HA/CPC groups. The underlying biological mechanism of this stimulation for HA/CPC may be on account of higher osteogenic promoting factors secretion and osteogenic genes expression with hyaluronic acid incorporation. These results indicate that hyaluronic acid is a highly anticipated additive to improve physicochemical properties and osteoinductivity performance of CPCs for minimally invasive healing of bone defects.

Abstract Background There are no ideal plates or approaches for anatomical restoration and rigid fixation of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term preliminary outcomes of our novel anatomical plate placed via the trans-supra-fibular approach to treat posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. Methods From May 2016 to May 2018, 23 consecutive patients with posterolateral tibial quadrant fractures underwent open reduction with internal fixation via the trans-supra-fibular-head approach with our newly developed plate. The tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPTSA), lateral posterior tibial slope angle (LPSTA), step-off, and condylar widening were measured on radiological images pre-operatively, 3 days post-operatively, 3 months post-operatively, and at the final follow-up examination. The radiological Rasmussen score was calculated, and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was assessed to evaluate the functional outcomes. Results The LTPSA, TPTSA, step-off, and condylar widening at 3 days post-operatively, 3 months post-operatively, and at the final follow-up were significantly different (p = 0.001) compared with those pre-operatively, as was the radiological Rasmussen score (p = 0.001). The HSS score at the final follow-up was 89.10 ± 5.94 (range, 78–98), which was significantly higher than that at the 3-month follow-up 84.36 ± 6.76 (range, 74–96); p = 0.001). Conclusions Our newly designed anatomical plate placed via the trans-supra-fibular approach can effectively treat posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. We noted minor trauma, stable fixation, and satisfactory clinical results.

As a critical transportation infrastructure, high-speed rail (HSR) greatly enhances accessibility and shortens the spatial-temporal distance among cities. It is well documented that HSR significantly impacts regions and cities’ economic development and spatial structure. The proportion and frequency of business passenger trips are increasing yearly, and the demand for “station as the final destination” is becoming more and more prominent. Given the pivotal role of the design and construction of HSR station areas in achieving “station as the final destination,” the study of their development characteristics and patterns has important implications for urban planning. Previous studies have focused extensively on the macro impact of the HSR operation on regional economies, urban industries, and tourism development, whereas only a few were conducted at the station level. Furthermore, the business-commercial agglomeration effects of the HSR operation on the development and construction of station areas have neither been studied nor accurately measured. To fill this gap, we first constructed a panel data set consisting of the point of interest (POI) data, China City Statistical Yearbook data, and the HSR station operation data from 2012 to 2017. Next, we developed difference-in-differences (DID) models to decipher the impact of the HSR operation on the station-level business and commercial agglomeration. The results show that the HSR operation has increased the business-commercial agglomeration index (BCAI), the commercial agglomeration index (BAI), and the business agglomeration index (CAI) by 28.3%, 29%, and 21.3%, respectively. In other words, the HSR operation has significant business-commercial agglomeration effects in the station area, and the agglomeration effect size of business is more extensive than that of commerce. Interestingly, the BCAI grew slowly in the first 3 years after the HSR operation but started to rise much faster from the fourth year, which HSR’s catalytic effects can explain. The results also reveal that the business-commercial agglomeration effects have a clear spatial threshold as the BCAI tends to decrease from 1500 m to 3000 m away from HSR stations. The plausibility of the results has been confirmed by the parallel trend, placebo, and robustness tests.

Lidocaine, a potent local anesthetic, is clinically used in nerve block and pain management. However, due to its short half-life, repeated administration is required. For this reason, here we designed and prepared a lidocaine-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid (Lidocaine@PLGA) microcapsule with ultrasound responsiveness to relieve the sciatica nerve pain. With a premixed membrane emulsification strategy, the fabricated lidocaine-embedded microcapsules possessed uniform particle size, good stability, injectability, and long-term sustained release both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, Lidocaine@PLGA microcapsules had the function of ultrasonic responsive release, which made the drug release controllable with the effect of on-off administration. Our research showed that using ultrasound as a trigger switch could promote the rapid release of lidocaine from the microcapsules, achieving the dual effects of long-term sustained release and short-term ultrasound-triggered rapid release, which can enable the application of ultrasound-responsive Lidocaine@PLGA microcapsules to nerve root block and postoperative pain relief.

Music plays an essential role in human life and can act as an expression to evoke human emotions. The diversity of music makes the listener's experience of music appear diverse. Different music can induce various emotions, and the same theme can also generate other feelings related to the listener's current psychological state. Music emotion recognition (MER) has recently attracted widespread attention in academics and industry. With the development of brain science, MER has been widely used in different fields, e.g., recommendation systems, automatic music composing, psychotherapy, and music visualization. Especially with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, deep learning-based music emotion recognition is gradually becoming mainstream. Besides, electroencephalography (EEG) enables external devices to sense neurophysiological signals in the brain without surgery. This non-invasive brain-computer signal has been used to explore emotions. This paper surveys EEG music emotional analysis, involving the analysis process focused on the music emotion analysis method, e.g., data processing, emotion model, and feature extraction. Then, challenging problems and development trends of EEG-based music emotion recognition is proposed. Finally, the whole paper is summarized.

Urban vibrancy is described by the activities of residents and their spatio-temporal dynamics. The metro station area (MSA) is one of the densest and most populous areas of the city. Thus, creating a vibrant and diverse urban environment becomes an important goal of transit-oriented development (TOD). Existing studies indicate that the built environment decisively determines MSA-level urban vibrancy. Meanwhile, the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of such effects requires thoroughly exploration and justification. In this study, we first apply mobile signaling data to quantify and decipher the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the MSA-level urban vibrancy in Chengdu, China. Then, we measure the built environment of the MSA by using multi-source big data. Finally, we employ geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) models to examine the spatio-temporal non-stationarity of the impact of the MSA-level built environment on urban vibrancy. The results show that: 1) The high-vibrant MSAs concentrate in the commercial center and the employment center. 2) Indicators such as residential density, overpasses, road density, road network integration index, enterprise density, and restaurant density are significantly and positively associated with urban vibrancy, while indicators such as housing price and bus stop density are negatively associated with urban vibrancy. 3) The GTWR model better fits the data than the stepwise regression model. The impact of the MSA-level built environment on urban vibrancy shows a strong non-stationarity in both spatial and temporal dimensions, which matches with the spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of the residents’ daily work, leisure, and consumption activities. The findings can provide references for planners and city managers on how to frame vibrant TOD communities.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been regarded as an effective way to improve urban vibrancy and facilitate affordable, equitable, and livable communities in metro station areas (MSAs). Previous studies placed great attention on the interplay between the MSA-level built environment and overall human activities while neglecting the heterogeneity among different age groups. To address this gap, we leverage the mobile phone signaling data to quantify the spatio-temporal distribution of the MSA-level human activities among different age groups as measured by the vibrancy index (VI). Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the MSA-level built environment on the VI and its intergenerational differences by employing multiple linear regressions based on multi-sourced data. To this end, Chengdu—a TOD-thriving megacity in China—is chosen as a case study. The results indicate that: (1) Residential and bus stop density are positively associated with the VI. And the magnitudes of the correlation coefficients are similar among different age groups. (2) Distance to CBD is negatively associated with the VI of teenagers (12–18 years), middle-aged adults (40–59 years), and older adults (above 60 years) but unrelated to the VI of young adults (19–39 years). (3) Employment density is positively associated with the VI of young and middle-aged adults but insignificantly associated with the VI of teenagers and older adults. (4) The correlations between the floor area ratio and the VI are positive for all age groups. As age increases, the significance of such correlations becomes more pronounced. (5) Streetscape greenery shows a more significant positive correlation with the VI of teenagers and older adults as compared to those of young and middle-aged adults. (6) Significant negative correlations exist between housing price and the VI of different age groups. The findings can inform the development and design of vibrant TOD communities.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the common chronic microvascular complications of diabetes in which mitochondrial disorder plays an important role in its pathogenesis. The current study delved into the single-cell level transcriptome heterogeneity of mitochondrial homeostasis in db/db mice, an animal model for study of type 2 diabetes and DKD, with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and bulk RNA-seq analyses. From the comprehensive dataset comprising 13 meticulously captured and authenticated renal cell types, an unsupervised cluster analysis of mitochondria-related genes within the descending loop of Henle, collecting duct principal cell, endothelial, B cells and macrophage, showed that they had two types of cell subsets, i.e., health-dominant and DKD-dominant clusters. Pseudotime analysis, cell communication and transcription factors forecast resulted in identification of the hub differentially expressed genes between these two clusters and unveiled that the hierarchical regulatory network of receptor-TF-target genes was triggered by mitochondrial degeneration. Furthermore, the collecting duct principal cells were found to be regulated by the decline of Fzd7, which contributed to the impaired cellular proliferation and development, apoptosis and inactive cell cycle, as well as diminished capacity for material transport. Thereby, both scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq data from the current study elucidate the heterogeneity of mitochondrial disorders among distinct cell types, particularly in the collecting duct principal cells and B cells during the DKD progression and drug administration, which provide novel insights for better understanding the pathogenesis of DKD.

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with adverse events after cardiac surgery. Multiple studies have reported that posterior pericardiotomy (PP) may be effective for preventing AF after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but some conflicting results have been reported and the quality of evidence from previous meta-analyses has been limited. The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of PP for preventing AF after CABG in adults. Methods We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before May 31, 2021. The primary outcome was AF after CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass. Secondary outcomes included early pericardial effusion, late pericardial effusion, pericardial tamponade, pleural effusion, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, pulmonary complications, intra-aortic balloon pump use, revision surgery for bleeding, and mortality. Results Ten RCTs with 1829 patients (910 in the PP group and 919 in the control group) were included in the current meta-analysis. The incidence of AF was 10.3% (94/910) in the PP group and 25.7% (236/919) in the control group. A random-effects model indicated that incidence of AF after CABG significantly lower in the PP group than in the control group (risk ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.64, P

ObjectivesA radiomics-based explainable eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to predict central cervical lymph node metastasis (CCLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), including positive and negative effects.MethodsA total of 587 PTC patients admitted at Binzhou Medical University Hospital from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomized into the training and test cohorts with an 8:2 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images of the primary PTC lesions. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to select CCLNM positively-related features and radiomics scores were constructed. Clinical features, ultrasound features, and radiomics score were screened out by the Boruta algorithm, and the XGBoost model was constructed from these characteristics. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used for individualized and visualized interpretation. SHAP addressed the cognitive opacity of machine learning models.ResultsEleven radiomics features were used to calculate the radiomics score. Five critical elements were used to build the XGBoost model: capsular invasion, radiomics score, diameter, age, and calcification. The area under the curve was 91.53% and 90.88% in the training and test cohorts, respectively. SHAP plots showed the influence of each parameter on the XGBoost model, including positive (i.e., capsular invasion, radiomics score, diameter, and calcification) and negative (i.e., age) impacts. The XGBoost model outperformed the radiologist, increasing the AUC by 44%.ConclusionsThe radiomics-based XGBoost model predicted CCLNM in PTC patients. Visual interpretation using SHAP made the model an effective tool for preoperative guidance of clinical procedures, including positive and negative impacts.

For a magnetically suspended control moment gyro (MSCMG), the high-speed rotor is actively suspended by magnetic bearings of 5-DOF, but the nonlinearity of the magnetic suspension force is one of the main reasons for the poor accuracy of radial translation control of the magnetically suspended rotor (MSR). To solve this problem, here, the characteristics of the magnetic suspension force are analyzed, and the nonlinear dynamic model of MSR is established. A sliding mode control (SMC) based on a neural network is presented, and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is adopted to approximate the nonlinear displacement stiffness and the current displacement stiffness to weaken the chattering in SMC to improve the control accuracy of the MSR. The stability of the neural network SMC for the MSR is analyzed based on Lyapunov functions, and the rules of updating network weights are presented based on adaptive algorithms. Compared with these existing classic control methods, the simulation and experimental tests performed on a single-gimbal MSCMG with an angular momentum of 200 N.m.s indicated that this neural network SMC for MSR’s radial translation can not only make its suspension more stable but can also make its position precision higher.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive surgery for inguinal cryptorchidism. Methods The patients were divided into the minimally invasive surgery group (n = 100) and the traditional surgery group (n = 58). In the minimally invasive surgery group, patients with low inguinal cryptorchidism (n = 54) underwent surgery with a transscrotal incision, and patients with high inguinal cryptorchidism (n = 46) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Results There was no difference in the hospital stay duration or cost between the minimally invasive surgery group and the traditional surgery group (P > 0.05). As for the operative time, minimally invasive surgery of low inguinal cryptorchidism was shorter than traditional surgery (P = 0.033), while minimally invasive surgery of high inguinal cryptorchidism was comparable to traditional surgery (P = 0.658). Additionally, there were no cases of testicular atrophy, testicular retraction, inguinal hernia or hydrocele in either group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of poor wound healing between the two groups (P > 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of scrotal hematoma between the two groups (P > 0.05), the incidence in the minimally invasive surgery group was higher than that in the traditional surgery group. Conclusions Minimally invasive surgery including a transscrotal incision for low inguinal cryptorchidism and laparoscopic surgery for high inguinal cryptorchidism is as safe and effective as traditional surgery, and could also provide a good cosmetic effect for children.

Neuroprotection studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the possibility to transform neuroprotection research. In the present study, iPS cells were generated from human renal epithelial cells and were then differentiated into neurons. Cells in the iPS-cell group were maintained in stem cell medium. In contrast, cells in the iPS-neuron group were first maintained in neural induction medium and expansion medium containing ROCK inhibitors, and then cultivated in neuronal differentiation medium and neuronal maturation medium to induce the neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons. The expression of relevant markers was compared at different stages of differentiation. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that cells in the iPS-neuron group expressed the neural stem cell markers SOX1 and nestin on day 11 of induction, and neuronal markers TUBB3 and NeuN on day 21 of induction. Polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that, compared with the iPS-cell group, TUBB3 gene expression in the iPS-neuron group was increased 15.6-fold. Further research revealed that, compared with the iPS-cell group, the gene expression and immunoreactivity of mu opioid receptor in the iPS-neuron group were significantly increased (38.3-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively), but those of kappa opioid receptor had only a slight change (1.33-fold and 1.57-fold increases, respectively). Together, these data indicate that human iPS cells can be induced into mu opioid receptor- and kappa opioid receptor-expressing neurons, and that they may be useful to simulate human opioid receptor function in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms of human conditions.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit a distinct and high risk of ischemic stroke with worse post-stroke neurovascular and white matter (WM) prognosis than the non-diabetic population. In the central nervous system, the ATP-binding cassette transporter member A 1 (ABCA1), a reverse cholesterol transporter that efflux cellular cholesterol, plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and in maintaining neurovascular stability and WM integrity. Our previous study shows that L-4F, an economical apolipoprotein A member I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide, has neuroprotective effects via alleviating neurovascular and WM impairments in the brain of db/db-T2DM stroke mice. To further investigate whether L-4F has neurorestorative benefits in the ischemic brain after stroke in T2DM and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we subjected middle-aged, brain-ABCA1 deficient (ABCA1−B/−B), and ABCA1-floxed (ABCA1fl/fl) T2DM control mice to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. L-4F (16 mg/kg, subcutaneous) treatment was initiated 24 h after stroke and administered once daily for 21 days. Treatment of T2DM-stroke with L-4F improved neurological functional outcome, and decreased hemorrhage, mortality, and BBB leakage identified by decreased albumin infiltration and increased tight-junction and astrocyte end-feet densities, increased cerebral arteriole diameter and smooth muscle cell number, and increased WM density and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain in both ABCA1−B/−B and ABCA1fl/fl T2DM-stroke mice compared with vehicle-control mice, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 9 or 21/group). The L-4F treatment reduced macrophage infiltration and neuroinflammation identified by decreases in ED-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, and increases in anti-inflammatory factor Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor IGF-1 receptor β (IGF-1Rβ) in the ischemic brain (p < 0.05, n = 6/group). These results suggest that post-stroke administration of L-4F may provide a restorative strategy for T2DM-stroke by promoting neurovascular and WM remodeling. Reducing neuroinflammation in the injured brain may contribute at least partially to the restorative effects of L-4F independent of the ABCA1 signaling pathway.

Preservation of denatured dermis exerts promotive functions in wound healing and improves the appearance and function of skin. Angiogenesis is crucial for wound healing during burn injury. However, the potential molecular mechanism of angiogenesis in the recovery after burn injury remains to be elucidated. Herein, RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00174 (linc00174) in the post-burn tissues. linc00174 overexpression promoted angiogenic activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the heat-denatured cell model, characterized by the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Mechanistically, linc00174 directly bound to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), thus stimulating the protein level of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Moreover, inhibition of EZH2 resulted in downregulation of ZNF24 and Runx1, as well as a decline of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Furthermore, EZH2 modulated epigenetic repression of ZNF24 and Runx1 through the promoter of H3K27me3. Additionally, ZNF24 and Runx1 both functioned as transcriptional inhibitors of VEGFA. Taken together, these findings uncover that linc00174 epigenetically inhibits ZNF24 and Runx1 expression through binding to EZH2, thus attenuating the suppression of VEGFA, contributing to the facilitation of angiogenesis during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells.

Abstract Background This study was designed to summarize the clinical outcomes of transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty for single-stage correction of proximal hypospadias in our hospital. Method This study retrospectively analysed the clinical data, including the preoperative general information, intraoperative and postoperative data, and follow-up data, of 155 children with proximal hypospadias who were admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to January 2019. Results During follow-up, a total of 92 postoperative complications occurred, and 41 patients underwent reoperation. There were 49 patients with urinary fistula, 26 patients with urethral stricture, 9 patients with urethral diverticulum and 8 patients with urinary tract infection. Regarding the family members’ satisfaction with the cosmetic appearance of the penis, the satisfaction rate with the urinary meatus was 85.2%, the satisfaction rate with the glans appearance was 87.7%, the satisfaction rate with the the appearance of the foreskin of the penis was 92.3%, and the satisfaction rate with the overall penis shape was 89.0%. Conclusion Proximal hypospadias is a serious condition that is often combined with severe chordee, and transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty for single-stage correction is an effective surgical procedure for treating this condition.

There is a need for synthetic grafts to reconstruct large bone defects using minimal invasive surgery. Our previous study showed that incorporation of Sr into bioactive borate glass cement enhanced the osteogenic capacity in vivo. However, the amount of Sr in the cement to provide an optimal combination of physicochemical properties and capacity to stimulate bone regeneration and the underlying molecular mechanism of this stimulation is yet to be determined. In this study, bone cements composed of bioactive borosilicate glass particles substituted with varying amounts of Sr (0 mol% to 12 mol% SrO) were created and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The setting time of the cement increased with Sr substitution of the glass. Upon immersion in PBS, the cement degraded and converted more slowly to HA (hydroxyapatite) with increasing Sr substitution. The released Sr2+ modulated the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of hBMSCs (human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro. Osteogenic characteristics were optimally enhanced with cement (designated BG6Sr) composed of particles substituted with 6mol% SrO. When implanted in rabbit femoral condyle defects, BG6Sr cement supported better peri-implant bone formation and bone-implant contact, comparing to cements substituted with 0mol% or 9mol% SrO. The underlying mechanism is involved in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. These results indicate that BG6Sr cement has a promising combination of physicochemical properties and biological performance for minimally invasive healing of bone defects.

Reconstruction of long-bone segmental defects (LBSDs) has been one of the biggest challenges in orthopaedics. Biomaterials for the reconstruction are required to be strong, osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and allowing for fast angiogenesis, without causing any immune rejection or disease transmission. There are four main types of biomaterials including autograft, allograft, artificial material, and tissue-engineered bone. Remarkable progress has been made in LBSD reconstruction biomaterials in the last ten years. The translational potential of this article: Our aim is to summarize recent developments in the divided four biomaterials utilized in the LBSD reconstruction to provide the clinicians with new information and comprehension from the biomaterial point of view.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to summarize our clinical experience with transscrotal transverse incision in the treatment of low and middle cryptorchidism in children. Methods A total of 796 children with low or middle cryptorchidism participated in this study from March 2012 to May 2018. Transscrotal transverse incision was used to treat low and middle cryptorchidism. Symptoms and signs were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3months and every six to 12 months thereafter. Results Testicular descent fixation through transverse scrotal incision was successfully performed in all 796 children. All patients were discharged 1–2 days after the operation. During hospitalization and follow-up, 35 patients had complications, including 7 cases of cryptorchidism recurrence, 5 cases of poor scrotal incision healing, and 23 cases of scrotal haematoma. There were no complications, such as bladder injury, testicular atrophy, inguinal hernia or hydrocele. Conclusion Transscrotal transverse incision is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of middle and low cryptorchidism. It has the advantages of less trauma and an aesthetic scar after operation.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the operation for type III esophageal atresia using a thoracoscope. Methods The clinical data for 92 patients with type III esophageal atresia in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 49 patients in group A who underwent thoracoscopic surgery and 43 patients in group B who underwent conventional surgery. Results The mechanical ventilation time (55.7 ± 11.4 h vs 75.6 ± 19.2 h), intensive care time (3.6 ± 1.8d vs 4.7 ± 2.0d), postoperative hospitalization time (13.1 ± 2.2d vs 16.8 ± 4.3d), thoracic drainage volume (62.7 ± 25.5 ml vs 125.4 ± 46.1 ml), blood transfusion volume (30.5 ± 10.4 ml vs 55.3 ± 22.7 ml) and surgical incision length (2.0 ± 0.5 cm vs 8.0 ± 1.8 cm) in group A were lower than those in group B, and the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05), and there were no complications such as achalasia signs and esophageal diverticulum in either group. Conclusion Surgery for type III esophageal atresia via thoracoscopy has the same safety and clinical effectiveness as traditional surgery and has the advantages of smaller incision and chest wall deformity.

Although the existing localization and mapping (SLAM) technology of indoor mobile robot has made great development, its intelligence and environmental perception ability still cannot meet the needs of service and inspection. Therefore, based on edge computing environment, a 3D semantic map construction of mobile robot based on improved ORB-SALM2 is proposed. Firstly, the improved yolov3 algorithm is used to detect indoor objects, and then the real-time semantic segmentation network model based on deep learning is used to segment indoor objects to achieve the classification of pixel points of objects on two-dimensional images, and BAFF feature fusion algorithm is introduced to improve the accuracy of semantic segmentation model. Then, through the SLAM system, we estimate the pose of the image in the result of semantic segmentation, and use the depth information to project it into the three-dimensional environment to build the three-dimensional semantic map. Finally, the experiment platform of mobile robot is built to verify the stability of ORB-D and thermal imaging sensor registration technology, the accuracy and real-time of building three-dimensional environment thermal field map, and the accuracy of robot positioning using thermal infrared and depth image.