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BACKGROUND: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a competent vector for the spread of several viral arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Several vital mosquito behaviors linked to survival and reproduction are primarily dependent on a sophisticated olfactory system for semiochemical perception. However, a limited number of studies has hampered our understanding of the relationship between the A. albopictus acute olfactory system and the complex chemical world. RESULTS: Here, we performed a qRT‐PCR assay on antennae from A. albopictus of differing sex, age and physiological states, and found that AalbOr10 was enriched in blood‐fed female mosquitoes. We then undertook single sensillum recording to de‐orphan AalbOr10 using a panel of physiologically and behaviorally relevant odorants in a Drosophila 'empty neuron' system. The results indicated that AalbOr10 was activated by seven aromatic compounds, all of which hampered egg‐laying in blood‐fed mosquitoes. Furthermore, using a post‐RNA interference oviposition assay, we found that reducing the transcript level of AalbOr10 affected repellent activity mediated by 2‐ethylphenol at low concentrations (10−4 vol/vol). Computational modeling and molecular docking studies suggested that hydrogen bonds to Y68 and Y150 mediated the interaction of 2‐ethylphenol with AalbOr10. CONCLUSION: We reveal a potential link between aromatics‐induced oviposition repellency behaviors and a specific odorant receptor in A. albopictus. Our findings provide a foundation for identifying active semiochemicals for the monitoring or controlling of mosquito populations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllotreta striolata, the striped flea beetle, is one of the most destructive pests in Brassicaceae plants worldwide. Given the drawbacks associated with long-term use of chemical insecticides, green strategies based on chemical ecology are an effective alternative for beetle control. However, the lack of information on beetle ecology has hindered the development of effective biocontrol strategies. In this report, we identified two odorants, (S)-cis-verbenol and (−)-verbenone, which displayed significant attraction for P. striolata (p < 0.05), indicating their great potential for P. striolata management. Using the Drosophila "empty neuron" system, an antenna-biased odorant receptor, PstrOR17, was identified as responsible for the detection of (−)-verbenone and (S)-cis-verbenol. Furthermore, the interactions between PstrOR17 and (−)-verbenone or (S)-cis-verbenol were predicted via modeling and molecular docking. Finally, we used RNAi to confirm that PstrOR17 is essential for the detection of (−)-verbenone and (S)-cis-verbenol to elicit an attraction effect. Our results not only lay a foundation for the development of new and effective nonchemical insecticide strategies based on (S)-cis-verbenol and (−)-verbenone, but also provide new insight into the molecular basis of odorant recognition in P. striolata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically assess the main sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents. Methodology: All studies related to adolescents' weight perception were retrieved from seven databases from January 2001 to July 2022. A total of 13 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords were used to identify qualified studies, and reference lists included in the retrieved studies were manually searched to identify potentially relevant publications. Two evaluators independently assessed the eligibility and extracted data of each study. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) risk of bias evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality and bias risk of included studies. RevMan (version: 5.3) software was used to conduct heterogeneity test and meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 12 studies, published between 2003 and 2020, were selected and included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, consisting of 325,367 adolescents from five countries. The risk of bias evaluation indicated that risk of bias was low in five studies and moderate in seven studies. The results of meta‐analysis showed that there were no differences in the weight perception accuracy among adolescents under different gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–1.15, p = 0.940), place of residence (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83–1.16, p = 0.800), grade (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.68–4.42, p = 0.250), and family economic level (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.02, p = 0.140). Egger's linear regression showed that there was no significant publication bias in the primary analysis. Conclusions: The current analysis indicates that gender, place of residence, grade, and family economic level were not identified as influencing factors for adolescents' weight perception accuracy. Due to the limitations of the review and included studies, more robust trials are warranted in different social and economic environments to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA interference is an efficient approach for gene function identification and a potential novel strategy for selectively controlling pests. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major global storage pest, which causes great economic loss. Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), a carboxylesterase, is responsible for the degradation of juvenile hormone. However, the knockdown effect of jhe on metamorphosis of pupae or adult in T. castaneum is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of Tcjhe in the larval stage, we found that Tcjhe was expressed throughout the whole larval instars and the expression levels were relatively high right after molting. Furthermore, we knocked down the expression of Tcjhe by injecting dsTcjhe, which significantly increased the mortality of adults and decreased the eclosion rate. In addition, abnormal developmental phenotypes, including wing deformitity, pupal–adult monsters and shrunken adults, were observed. Our finding indicates that JHE plays an important role in the metamorphosis and development in T. castaneum, suggesting that Tcjhe could be used as a potential target for the development of RNAi‐based control strategies in T. castaneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) seriously endangers the quality of life of patients and can even lead to death. Craniotomy is a common treatment method for HICH.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two different sizes of craniotomy in patients with HICH, as well as to evaluate their effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood lactate levels.Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with HICH in the basal ganglia were operated on in our hospital from February 2017 to March 2019 and randomly divided into two groups: the small bone window (SBW) group (n = 37) and the large bone flap group (n = 35). The curative effects of the two kinds of operations were evaluated by the length of operation, the days of hospitalization, the rate of hematoma clearance, the rate of rebleeding, and the incidence of complications. Additionally, the levels of CRP and lactate were compared between the two groups.Results: The results showed that the average intraoperative time, hospital stay, rebleeding rate, and postoperative complications of patients in the SBW group were less than those in the large bone flap group. Moreover, the number of patients in the SBW group with good postoperative recovery, including class V and class IV, was higher than that in the large bone flap group. Minimally invasive craniotomy with SBW reduced the lactic acid and CRP levels more quickly than the large bone flap group.Conclusions: An SBW was superior to a large bone flap in terms of the operative effect and lactate and CRP levels. It is concluded that an SBW has significant advantages over a large bone flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Pyrethrum from dry flowers of Chrysanthemum is a well‐known botanical insecticide and repellent. Its insecticidal activity attributes to its six insecticidal esters, collectively known as pyrethrins. Pyrethrins and its synthetic analogs pyrethroids exert their toxic action by modifying the function of voltage‐gated sodium channels. Aside from insecticidal activity, pyrethrum has also been used to repel mosquitoes for centuries. Today, pyrethrum continues to be used as an active ingredient in mosquito coils and other mosquito‐repellent devices globally. However, the mechanism of pyrethrum repellency remains largely unknown. RESULTS: Here we report that pyrethrum vapor induced spatial (non‐contact) repellency in Aedes albopictus, a major vector of dengue and West Nile viruses. Using electroantennogram (EAG) recordings from adult antennae, we found that pyrethrum elicited EAG response in a dose‐dependent manner. We then isolated the six insecticidal esters, pyrethrins I and II, cinerins I and II, jasmolins I and II from pyrethrum extract and discovered that five of the six esters, except jasmolin I, all elicited EAG responses. Furthermore, pyrethrins I and II, cinerin II and jasmolin II induced repellency, whereas cinerin I and jasmolin I did not. CONCLUSION: Of the six pyrethrins, four of them, pyrethrins I and II, cinerin II and jasmolin II, activate olfactory‐receptor neurons and elicit spatial repellency in Ae. albopictus. Our study provided a foundation for future structure–function studies of pyrethrins, their cognate olfactory receptors and efficacies of repellency and for the development of new and more effective mosquito repellents for controlling vector‐borne human diseases. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The growth of Internet web has made quick text categorization essential. Generally, linear classifier runs fast, but its precision is not satisfied. This paper proposes a new approach in which a linear classifier is constructed and its combination with SVM classifier according to our threshold function is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve quick and high-precision categorization performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Matrix microstructure and texture controlling is an important way to optimize Goss ({110}<001>) abnormal grain growth (AGG) in high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon (Hi-B) steel during primary recrystallization. In the present work, a matrix with homogeneous grain size and favorable texture components was obtained through two-stage normalized annealing followed by primary recrystallization. Furthermore, secondary recrystallization was performed for sharp Goss orientation by slow heating and purified annealing. It was found that plenty of island grains, which occurred and disappeared gradually, accompanied the process of AGG. Through analyzing the evolution of microstructure and texture, we realized that the formation of island grains was related to the large-size grains in matrix, and the elimination of that was attributed to the special grain boundaries which satisfied both coincident site lattice (CSL) and high-energy (HE) models. It was essential to control grain size and favorable orientations in matrix comprehensively for the high-efficient abnormal growing of sharp Goss orientation, through which excellent magnetic properties could be obtained simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aedes aegypti is a primary urban vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya worldwide. Pyrethroid insecticides are the most effective insecticides for controlling Ae. aegypti. However, pyrethroid resistance has developed due to the long-term overuse of the insecticides, and many knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations have been identified in the resistant populations. A1007G, an alanine to glycine substitution, was found in resistant Ae. aegypti from Vietnam and Malaysia, which has always co-existed with F1534C and V1016G. However, the role of A1007G in pyrethroid resistance and the linkage of A1007G and F1534C or V1016G remain unknown., Results: In this study, we examined the effects of mutations on the sodium channel gating properties and pyrethroid sensitivity in Xenopus oocytes. We found mutations A1007G, A1007G + F1534C and A1007G + V1016G + F1534C shifted the voltage dependence of activation in the depolarizing direction. Mutations A1007G + F1534C and A1007G + V1016G + F1534C shifted the voltage dependence of inactivation in the depolarizing direction. Both mutations A1007G and F1534C reduced the channel sensitivity to two Type I pyrethroids, permethrin and bifenthrin, and synergistic effects were observed between mutations A1007G and F1534C. However, none of the mutations, A1007G, F1534C and A1007G + F1534C affected the channel sensitivity to two Type II pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Furthermore, triple mutations A1007G + V1016G + F1534C significantly reduced the channel sensitivity to both Type I and Type II pyrethroids., Conclusion: We identified A1007G had a distinct effect on sodium channel sensitivity to Type I, but not to Type II pyrethroids, also A1007G exhibited synergistic effects with F1534C to Type I pyrethroids, which will provide a fundamental insight into the distinct molecular interactions between insect sodium channel and Type I or Type II pyrethroids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

The striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata, is one of the most destructive pests of Cruciferae crops worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising alternative strategy for pest biological control, which overcomes the weakness of synthetic insecticides, such as pest resistance, food safety problems and toxicity to non-target insects. The homolog of Spt16/FACT, dre4 plays a critical role in the process of gene transcription, DNA repair, and DNA replication; however, the effects of dre4 silencing in P. striolata remain elusive. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length dre4 from P. striolata and silenced Psdre4 through microinjection and oral delivery; it was found that the silencing of dre4 contributed to the high mortality of P. striolata in both bioassays. Moreover, 1166 differentially regulated genes were identified after Psdre4 interference by RNA-seq analysis, which might have been responsible for the lethality. The GO analysis indicated that the differentially regulated genes were classified into three GO functional categories, including biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The KEGG analysis revealed that these differentially regulated genes are related to apoptosis, autophagy, steroid hormone biosynthesis, cytochrome P450 and other signaling pathways. Our results suggest that Psdre4 is a fatal RNAi target and has significant potential for the development of RNA pesticides for P. striolata management.

Background: Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) seriously endangers the quality of life of patients and can even lead to death. Craniotomy is a common treatment method for HICH., Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two different sizes of craniotomy in patients with HICH, as well as to evaluate their effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood lactate levels., Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with HICH in the basal ganglia were operated on in our hospital from February 2017 to March 2019 and randomly divided into two groups: the small bone window (SBW) group (n = 37) and the large bone flap group (n = 35). The curative effects of the two kinds of operations were evaluated by the length of operation, the days of hospitalization, the rate of hematoma clearance, the rate of rebleeding, and the incidence of complications. Additionally, the levels of CRP and lactate were compared between the two groups., Results: The results showed that the average intraoperative time, hospital stay, rebleeding rate, and postoperative complications of patients in the SBW group were less than those in the large bone flap group. Moreover, the number of patients in the SBW group with good postoperative recovery, including class V and class IV, was higher than that in the large bone flap group. Minimally invasive craniotomy with SBW reduced the lactic acid and CRP levels more quickly than the large bone flap group., Conclusions: An SBW was superior to a large bone flap in terms of the operative effect and lactate and CRP levels. It is concluded that an SBW has significant advantages over a large bone flap., Competing Interests: None