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Background: Meeting 24‐h movement guidelines for children and adolescents has been associated with improved health indicators. However, the literature examining adherence to 24‐h movement guidelines among Chinese children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) remains lacking. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24‐h movement guidelines and its socio‐demographic correlates for this population. Methods: The sample includes 319 Chinese students with ID. Accelerometers are used to measure moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity time and sleep duration. Questionnaires are adopted to measure screen time (ST) and demographic factors. Associations among socio‐demographic factors, body mass index and 24‐h movement are analysed by using multivariable logistic regressions. Results: The proportions of participants who meet none, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, ST, sleep duration and all three recommendations are 8.15%, 33.54%, 54.23%, 75.55% and 17.55%, respectively. In general, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that older participants are less likely to meet the ST guidelines [odds ratio (OR): 0.931; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.869–0.998] and more likely to meet the sleep guidelines (OR: 1.106; 95% CI: 1.016–1.204) than younger individuals. Participants with moderate ID are less likely to meet the sleep guidelines (OR: 0.345; 95% CI: 0.140–0.850) than those with profound ID. Individuals from families with middle‐income (OR: 0.434; 95% CI: 0.226–0.836) and high‐income (OR: 0.219; 95% CI: 0.080–0.605) levels were less likely to meet the physical activity guidelines than those from low‐income families. Furthermore, participants from high‐income families were less likely to meet ST (OR: 0.426; 95% CI: 0.187–0.969) and all three movement guidelines (OR: 0.083; 95% CI: 0.010–0.659) than those in the low household income groups. Conclusions: Interventions that improve the health‐related behaviours of children and adolescents with ID are needed, particularly those that target their increased engagement in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few patients who have recovered from COVID-19 develop persistent or new symptoms that last for weeks or months; this is called "long COVID" or "post-COVID-19 syndrome." Over time, awareness of the short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19 has increased. The pulmonary consequences are now fairly well established, but little is known about the extrapulmonary system of COVID-19, particularly its effects on bones. Current evidence and reports indicate a direct relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and bone health, with SARS-CoV-2 having a significant negative effect on bone health. In this review, we analyzed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bone health and assessed the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to monitor the effects of exogenous geniposide (GD) on maize (Zea mays L.) and explore the mechanisms through which it mitigates saline-alkali stress to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the growth physiology and chemical regulation processes in maize. The control (CK) received nutrient solution culture while the group under saline-alkali stress(SAS) received 150mmol L-1 saline-alkali solution (molar concentration ratio NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3=1:9:9:1). ‘Jilong2’ (saline-alkali tolerant) and ‘Xinxuan58’ (saline-alkali sensitive) were chosen as experimental materials and were cultivated with hydroponic method. Maize received the saline-alkali solution 12 hours after GD treatment and saline-alkali solution was administered 3 times, every 12 hours. The GD and saline-alkali solution group constituted the S+G treatment which promoted maize and a significant increase was observed in fresh and dry weights, plant height and photosynthetic enzymes in the leaf along with a significant decrease in the root to shoot ratio compared with saline-alkali treatment. The indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin-riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA), superoxide radical (O2-) generation rate, malonaldehy (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in roots were significantly lower than in the S+G treatment under saline-alkali stress, while the level of abscisic acid (ABA) and the activity of antioxidative enzymes increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis have been well-documented. However, photosynthetic electron transport process in response to combined drought stress and recovery in maize is relatively scant. In this study, the photosynthetic electron flow, the energy quenching in PSII and PSI, and cyclic electron flow (CEF) activity in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were measured. In both genotypes, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OJIP) showed progressive drought caused increases of J and I step, the positive of K-band and L-band; and decreases in TR0/ABS, ET0/TR0, ET0/ABS, RE0/ET0 and PIABS. Analysis of the modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) showed progressive drought decreased the values of VPSI and VPSII-PSI. Decreases in quantum yields of Y(I) and Y(II) were accompanied by increase of Y(NPQ) and CEF. Compare to Shaanke9 (SK9), the drought-induced changes in Dafeng30 (DF30) were stronger, and SK9 kept higher CEF under drought stress. After re-watering, SK9 recovered more completely in all parameters than DF30, suggesting that the reversible down-regulation of PSII and PSI in SK9 maintained the functional integrity of photosystems. The photosynthetic apparatus of SK9 cultivar is more resistant to drought than that of DF30. These results indicate that more efficient regulation of photosynthetic electron transport between two photosystems and higher CEF in the SK9 jointly play crucial role in recovery from drought damages, which could contribute to a better adaptation under varying drought environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano potassium silicate on amino acid components and family gene expression of nitrogen metabolism-related glutamine synthetase (GS) in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). With ordinary potassium silicate (OKSi) and nano potassium silicate (NKSi) as different potassium fertilizers, the experiment set four potassium levels (K2O) of 0 (CK), 150, 300 and 450 kg·hm-2, respectively. Field experiments were adopted to investigate the effects of different forms and levels of potassium on the amino acid content of Chinese cabbage and GLN family gene expression in roots, stems and leaves. The total amount of essential amino acids was the highest in NKSi-300 treatment, which was 41.1% higher than that in the control (CK). In the stem of Chinese cabbage, the relative expression of GLN1.2, GLN1.3, GLN1.4 and GLN2 was up by 7.85, 3.46, 45.6 and 50.7 times compared with CK under NKSi-300 treatment. In Chinese cabbage leaves, GLN1.1, GLN1.2 and GLN1.3 had the highest relative expressions under NKSi-150 treatment, which were up by 1.984, 1.235 and 1.617 times, respectively compared to CK. GLN family gene expression was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with histidine, glycine, methionine, tyrosine and cysteine contents in the stem of Chinese cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The role of intracranial steno‐occlusive disease in cognitive impairment and dementia is unclear and has not been well studied. Methods: A total of 32 consecutive patients (13 males, aged 54 ± 12 years) with asymptomatic steno‐occlusive middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease, defined as >70% stenosis on maximum intensity projection images or a complete signal loss of MCA trunk on magnetic resonance angiography, and 20 age‐ and education‐matched normal controls (12 males, 60 ± 8 years old) were compared for neuropsychological performance, gray matter volume and neural network analysis. Results: The patient group did not show a significant decrease in gray matter volume or cognitive tests except for their performance on the grooved pegboard test. However, graph analysis of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed significant decreases in network strength, global efficiency and the clustering coefficient, as well as a longer characteristic path length (P < 0.05). The diffusive decrease pattern was particularly located in interhemispheric connectivity and there was no compensatory hyperconnectivity in any brain regions. Conclusion: In asymptomatic steno‐occlusive MCA disease, cognition and neural network changes are mismatched and have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are different from those of neurodegenerative disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 100 mm thickness Ti-6Al-4V plates were welded by the electron beam (EBW) method. Microstructures and mechanical properties including tensile and fatigue fracture behavior of the joint have been studied. The results shown that the joint has obviously textural and mechanical heterogeneity in the thickness direction, the joint show excellent fatigue resistance though the middle layer of the joint has lower fatigue life at the same stress and survival rate. The fatigue crack initiates from the free surface of the specimen by the transgranular fracture mode. The fatigue deformation depicted by the dislocations of the joint in each layer is adapt to the planar-slip mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An artificial diet formulated for continuous rearing of the predator Arma chinensis was inferior to natural prey when evaluated using life history parameters. A transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in diet-fed and preyfed A. chinensis that were suggestive of molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritive impact of the artificial diet. Changes in the diet formulation were made based on the transcriptome analysis and tested using life history parameters. The quantity of pig liver, chicken egg, tuna fish, biotin, nicotinamide, vitamin B6, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, L-glutamine, and sucrose was reduced, and wheat germ oil, calcium pantothenate and folic acid were increased. Ecuadorian shrimp was added as a partial substitute for tuna fish. Several parameters improved over six generations, including increased egg viability, and decreased egg and adult cannibalism. Additionally, several parameters declined, including longer developmental times for 2nd-5th instars, and decreased nymphal weights. The improvements in life history parameters support the use of transcriptome analyses to help direct formulation improvements. However, the decline in some parameters suggests that additional information, e.g., proteomic data, may be useful as well to maximize diet formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phase transition occurs when correlated regions of a new phase grow to span the system and the fluctuations within the correlated regions become long lived. Here, we present neutron scattering measurements showing that this conventional picture must be replaced in YFe2Al10, a compound that forms naturally very close to a T = 0 quantum phase transition. Fully quantum mechanical fluctuations of localized moments are found to diverge at low energies and temperatures; however, the fluctuating moments are entirely without spatial correlations. Zero temperature order in YFe2Al10 is achieved by an entirely local type of quantum phase transition that may originate with the creation of the moments themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a member of the phthalate esters (PAEs), is a common contaminant and frequently detected in soil. In this study, metagenomics revealed that DMP contamination in a Mollisol led to alterations in biological genomes and pathways identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results of functional annotation with pathway information demonstrated that genes involved in metabolism and signal regulatory pathways were changed in soil contaminated with DMP. Genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the citrate cycle and pentose phosphate pathway) and signal regulatory pathways (apoptosis pathway, adipocytokine signalling pathway and glutamatergic synapse signal pathways) were more abundant under DMP contamination in the Mollisol. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) assays also showed that copies of genes associated with DMP degradation, pcmA, pehA, phtAb, phtB and phtC, correlated positively with the concentration of DMP. The results also suggested that the acceleration of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the Mollisol by DMP contamination arose from altering the signal regulatory pathways. This is one of the most damaging mechanisms for microorganisms; therefore, DMP contamination will adversely affect the ecosystem in the Mollisol. Highlights: How can DMP contamination alter the metabolic pathways of microorganisms in a Mollisol? Changes in microbial metabolism under DMP contamination were estimated by metagenomics. DMP accelerated N and C metabolism by altering the signal pathways. DMP could disrupt the ecological balance by altering metabolism in a Mollisol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fixed field experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of different amounts of cured and fresh chicken manure (low chicken manure: 300 kg⋅667 m-2, high chicken manure: 600 kg⋅667 m-2) on the concentration of tetracyclines (TCs); number of microbes, including antibiotic resistant bacteria; organic matter content; and enzyme activity in soil. Results show that after a one-year application of chicken manure, the quantity of soil bacteria was 3.2-4.3 times that of the control soil. The quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes in cured chicken manure (CCM) treatments was significantly higher than in fresh chicken manure (FCM) treatments by 17.0%-33.9% and 201.2%-271.2%, respectively. The application of low cured chicken manure (L-CCM) significantly reduced the number of fungus, which was 83.8% lower than the control. The application of CCM significantly increased the activities of soil urease and catalase by 81.9%-103.0% and 7.9%-17.9%, respectively, compared to the control. After applying chicken manure in soil where Ipomoea aquatic Forsk was planted, the soil antibiotic residues increased by 3.6%-27.5%. When applying chicken manure to soil where Lactuca sativa L. or Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was planted, the soil antibiotic residues decreased by 19.4%-52.2% and 22.6%-26.6%, respectively. After one year, the antibiotic residues in soil treated with FCM and CCM were higher than the control level by 176.5%-217.9% and 168.5%-191.5%, respectively. The number of resistant bacteria in CCM treatments was significantly higher than that in FCM treatments and in the control. The number of resistant bacteria in the L-CCM treatment was the highest, wherein the quantity of resistant bacteria to oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline was higher than that in other treatments by 11.6%-339.6%, 127.0%-635.4% and 32.2%-130.9%, respectively. The drowned planting mode may worsen soil tetracycline antibiotic residues, when compared to drought planting. Long-term application of FCM may cause residue and accumulation of tetracycline antibiotics in soil; hence the hazard to the environment is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propulsive performance of two flapping foils with the tandem configuration has been analysed. The trajectories of the foils are prescribed with typical propulsive motions. The hind foil performs oscillatory motion in the wake of the fore foil. The local flow around the hind foil and the effective attack angle have been changed by the vortex street. The velocity potential theory and the boundary element method are introduced to study the interactions of the vortices and the foils. The propulsive performance of the tandem flapping foils is affected significantly when various longitudinal distances and phase differences are adopted. The typical vortex interaction modes are investigated in terms of global phase shift. The thrust coefficient and the propulsive efficiency of tandem NACA0012 foils at typical global phases are analysed. The optimal global phase shifts for the highest thrust and highest efficiency have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inclination and anteversion were the main factors that determined the reliability of the acetabulum. Inclination and anteversion measurements included anatomical, operational and radiographic methods. The aim of our present study was to exhibit divergence of inclination and anteversion via the three measurements.Methods: Inclination and anteversion were defined according to the definitions put forward by Murray. Three-dimensional models of pelvis of CT data were brought forth. Acetabular axis was determined by the rim of acetabula. Reference planes were established by bone landmarks including anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercles and sacral crests. Inclinations and anteversions were calculated according to the definitions.Results: Forty-nine cases were involved in the research. Data of inclination form anatomical, operational and radiographic showed 37.48 ± 11.07, 45.12 ± 14.76 and 48.76 ± 14.36, and anteversion were 18.12 ± 7.59, 24.97 ± 9.68, 14.30 ± 5.64. A substantial deviation was noted in the inclinations (P < 0.01) and anteversions (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the inclinations and anteversions of the three measurements varied, which might in turn interfere the decision of orthopedists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poplar plantations are an important resource in China, which possess significant potential to offset carbon (C) emissions through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) within biomass and soil. The traditional rotation age of poplar plantations is determined by maximizing the economic return from timber production. However, the optimal rotation age that results in the highest level of carbon sequestration within the soil remains unclear. In this study, we examined the total C, nitrogen (N) and microbial biomass ( SMB) content of soils, as well as other properties in 0-10, 10-25 and 25-40 cm soil profiles along a 0- to 20-yr chronosequence in a coastal region of Eastern China. Soil C stocks were determined for 1 m soil profiles, and the stand biomass in poplar plantations of different ages was investigated. We found that C concentrations within soils increased with plantation age, primarily in the topsoil layers. The periodic annual increment of C in soils peaked between stand ages of from 6 to 10 yr (0.71 t/ha/yr) and then decreased considerably at 17.5 yr, while the mean annual increment of C in soils was the highest at 15 yr (0.573 t/ha/yr). Soil C accumulation (i.e. soil C sequestration) was positively correlated with poplar biomass, soil N and SMB, and negatively correlated with soil potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), but not with sulphur (S) or phosphorus (P). Our results suggest that a rotation age of 15 yr is optimal for the sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in poplar plantations in the coastal region of Eastern China. The C sequestration capacity of soil was primarily controlled by poplar biomass, soil N and SMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kras mutations and cancers are common and their role in the progression of cancer is well known and elucidated. The present work is searching for the most deleterious mutation of the four found at codon 12 and 13 of Kras in cervical cancers using prediction servers; different servers were used to look into different factors that govern the protein function. The in silico results predicted G12V to be the most devastating; this particular mutation was then subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) for further analysis. The authors' approach of MDSs helped them to place the native and mutant structure under virtual microscope and observe their dynamics over time. The results generated are enlightening the effect of G12V variation on the dynamics of Kras. The structural variation between the native and mutant Kras over 50 nanoseconds (ns) run varied at every parameter checked and the results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fine (38-75 μm) and coarse (75-106 μm) hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were used to fabricate double layer gradient HA coatings on pure titanium (Ti) by plasma spraying method. The inner layer and outer layer of HA coatings had a different melting degree because of various spraying parameters. The microstructure and cytocompatibility of the double layer HA coatings were researched in this paper. In addition, the effect of sintering treatment on the properties of HA coatings was also studied. It showed that the flattened splats distributed randomly in the HA coatings and dissolved after being eroded by dilute nitric acid, revealing that the stability of this part was weak. Meanwhile, the microstructure of HA coating became uniform and the brittleness of coatings increased after sintering. The biological results showed that the heat treatment could accelerate the osteoblast MC3T3 adhesion and differentiation on the coatings after culture for a period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of a zoophytogenous, insect-free artificial diet and a secondary prey, pupae of Chinese oak silk moth Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), on the developmental rate, life history parameters, and fertility was examined for F6, F9, and F12 consecutive generations for domesticated Arma chinensis (Fallou) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stages, developmental times were prolonged, and fecundity, egg viability, net reproductive rates (R0), and intrinsic rates of increase (rm) declined. As a result, the cost to rear A. chinensis on the artificial diet approached 2.0 times the cost of rearing A. chinensis on pupae of A. pernyi. Future diet improvements should attempt to reduce developmental time, increase fecundity, and egg viability and use less costly nutrient sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regiospecific core-satellite assembly of gold nanoplates (AuNPs)/gold nanorods (AuNRs) can be fabricated via ss-DNA hybridization. SERS behavior of the DNA driven assembly has been explored from inducing transition between para-ATP and DMAB through plasmon-assisted catalysis, suggesting that the core-satellite assembly can be utilized as highly active optical substrate. Moreover, a Raman label tagged thymine-rich DNA functionalized AuNRs/AuNPs assembly can be employed as in situ SERS sensing of mercury ions at the ultrasensitive ppt level, which indicates that the core-satellite assembly is appropriate as a versatile SERS substrate for the application of optical chemical or biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Diet may play an important role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. However, the association between dietary factors and hyperuricemia remains unclear, and few studies have investigated direct links between food intake and hyperuricemia. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between high purine-content foods and protein intake with the prevalence of hyperuricemia by using data from a cross-sectional study of 3978 men aged 40-74 yrs living in Shanghai, China.Methods and Results: Hyperuricemia was defined as blood uric acid level >7.0 mg/dl. One quarter of this population had hyperuricemia. Dietary information was collected by using a food frequency questionnaire. We collected information on anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors and other potential confounding factors and disease history via interviews. Total protein consumption was not associated with hyperuricemia. We found a positive association between protein from animal sources and prevalence of hyperuricemia and an inverse association between protein from plant sources and hyperuricemia. However, these associations failed to reach significance in mutually adjusted analysis. Seafood intake was associated with higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. The ORs for quintiles of seafood intake (including fish and shellfish) were 1.00, 1.49, 1.35, 1.34, and 1.56 (p for trend: 0.01). An inverse association approaching significance between soy food consumption and hyperuricemia was observed (ORs: 1.00, 0.90, 0.70, 0.89, and 0.77 for quintiles of intake; p for trend: 0.07). No associations between consumption of purine-rich vegetables or meat and prevalence of hyperuricemia were observed.Conclusions: Our data suggest a direct association between seafood consumption and hyperuricemia and an inverse association between consumption of soy food and hyperuricemia among middle-aged, Chinese men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated protein 4 (AP-4), an E-box DNA-binding protein, was cloned from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Har). The expression of Har-AP-4 mRNA and the protein that it encodes are significantly higher in nondiapause pupae than in diapause pupae. In vitro-translated Har-AP-4 can bind specifically to the E-box motif on the promoter of the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN). Har-AP-4, fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), is localized to the nucleus, and overexpression of Har-AP-4 can significantly activate the promoter of the DH-PBAN gene that is involved in nondiapause pupal development in H. armigera. These results suggest that Har-AP-4, which binds to the promoter of DH-PBAN, may play a role in regulating pupal development in H. armigera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of heat treatment on the performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) is researched. The electron probe microanalyser results show that different contrast appears on the planar microstructure images, and chemical inhomogeneity exists, in the plasma sprayed HA coatings. Heat treatment can eliminate the inhomogeneity, increase crystallinity of the coatings and make the element distributions tend to be homogeneous. The X-ray diffraction results show that the decomposed phase decrease, indicating that some recrystallinity chemical reactions occurred during heat treatment. The shear adhesion test shows that the bonding strength of the high crystallinity coatings increased, while the low crystallinity coatings significantly decreased (p<0⋅05) after heat treatment. However, bonding strengths of all the coatings markedly decreased (p<0⋅05) after immersion in 0⋅5SBF for 4 weeks. The scanning electron microscopy results show that the cracks, pores as well as boundaries of unmelted particles in the coatings are the origins of the rupture. There are some needle like nanocrystals distributing on the pores at the fractures of as sprayed coatings, while needle like crystals are not found at the fractures of heat treated coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]