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A simple and efficient method to construct benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐one skeleton was reported. A powerful functional group transformation strategy of −NO2 transformed into −NH2 was involved in this method. Only Mo(CO)6 was used in the reaction, which acted as both reductant and cyclization accelerator. And a series of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐one derivatives were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of chlorosilanes with organometallic reagents is an old and well‐developed approach to organosilicon compounds, however, its application was limited due to the sensitivity of organometallic reagents to air, water. Here we display a mechanochemical access to arylsilanes via Barbier‐type reaction of chlorosilanes with aryl halide with magnesium. By treatment of the two halides with Mg powder under electromagnetic milling, a series of arylsilanes are obtained within 15 minutes. Taking the advantages of the electromagnetic milling, this protocol features transition‐metal free, good functional group tolerance, air stable and mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkenyl iodide, as an essential precursor and structural unit in organic synthesis, has been widely used in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceutical pesticides and functional materials. The high reactivity of the Csp2−I bond enables the formation of a C−M bond through oxidative addition, followed by subsequent transformations of the C−M bond to create new chemical bonds. A variety of valuable scaffolds, in particular the cyclic motifs, could be achieved via designing and synthesis the corresponding alkenyl iodide, which makes this strategy to be a hot topic in synthetic chemistry. In this paper, the recent progresses of transition metal‐catalyzed cyclizationof alkenyl iodides are summarized, and the possible mechanisms for most transformations are described in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis in herbs could provide health‐promoting foods for improving human health. Rehmannia glutinosa is a popular medicinal herb in Asia, and was a health food for the emperors of the Han Dynasty (59 B.C.). In this study, we revealed the differences in anthocyanin composition and content between three Rehmannia species. On the 250, 235 and 206 identified MYBs in the respective species, six could regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating the ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (ANS) gene expression. Permanent overexpression of the Rehmannia MYB genes in tobacco strongly promoted anthocyanin content and expression levels of NtANS and other genes. A red appearance of leaves and tuberous/roots was observed, and the total anthocyanin content and the cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside content were significantly higher in the lines overexpressing RgMYB41, RgMYB42, and RgMYB43 from R. glutinosa, as well as RcMYB1 and RcMYB3 in R. chingii and RhMYB1 from R. henryi plants. Knocking out of RcMYB3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing resulted in the discoloration of the R. chingii corolla lobes, and decreased the content of anthocyanin. R. glutinosa overexpressing RcMYB3 displayed a distinct purple color in the whole plants, and the antioxidant activity of the transgenic plants was significantly enhanced compared to WT. These results indicate that Rehmannia MYBs can be used to engineer anthocyanin biosynthesis in herbs to improve their additional value, such as increased antioxidant contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This review examined the association between workplace violence and the risk of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among nurses. Background: The extent to which workplace violence is associated with an increased risk of PTSD and burnout in nurses remains unclear. Evaluation: We searched nine electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Chinese Biomedical, China National Knowledge Internet and WANFANG). Key issues: Overall, 114 full‐text studies were identified; 43 met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared to their counterparts with non‐exposure to workplace violence, nurses experiencing it had 2.13 and 2.25 times higher odds of reporting PTSD and burnout after adjusting the confounding factors. Additionally, the moderator and mediator factors might help reduce the risk of both in this population. Conclusion: This study indicated that workplace violence increases the risk of PTSD and burnout. Implications for Nursing Management: Our review identified the magnitude of the association between exposure to workplace violence and the reported symptoms of PTSD and burnout in nurses. Furthermore, multi‐targeted efforts directed at the identified social/organizational, task‐related and individual resources might help mitigate their harmful impact in the aforementioned population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Traditional sedation management consists of doctors adjusting the dosage of sedative drugs or adding other drugs in combination according to the evaluation of nurses; the nurses then execute the orders. The nurses' passive execution in the process is not the ideal model for continuous evaluation and observation of sedation. This study aims to investigate the application and effects of nurse-provided procedural sedation and analgesia for patients in intensive care unit. Methods. The experimental group consisted of 354 heart surgery patients who received procedural sedation and analgesia from nurses from November 2020 to August 2021. The control group consisted of 301 patients who had had heart surgery and received the traditional sedation management program from January to October 2020. The differences in levels of the sedative effect, delirium, and unplanned extubation of patients between these two groups were compared. Results. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05). It was found that both insufficient sedation and excessive sedation decreased in the experimental group when compared to the control group, while the appropriate proportion of sedation increased (72.41% versus 37.98%); the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of delirium was lower for patients in the experimental group than for patients in the control group (37.01% versus 66.45%); the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of unplanned extubation caused by patient factors was lower for the experimental group than for the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The programmed sedation scheme led by nurses can improve the sedation effect and reduce the incidence of delirium. Implications for Practice. The management team gives the sedative goal and establishes the standard flowchart. The sedation management led by the nurse according to the goal and flowchart is better than the traditional sedation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study explores the current occupational well‐being status of male nurses in Chengdu, China, and identifies the concomitant protective and risk factors. Design: This study has a cross‐sectional survey design. Methods: From 13 July to 21 July 2019, a cross‐sectional survey involving 209 male nurses in 7 tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, China, was conducted using a general information questionnaire, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire‐II, the Professional Identity Scale and the Nurses' Occupational Well‐being Scale. Results: The score of male nurses' occupational well‐being was 78.7 ± 14.2. The higher the mindfulness and professional identity (p =.002, p <.001, respectively), the higher the occupational well‐being of male nurses. The lower the experiential avoidance, the higher the occupational well‐being (p =.001). The highest occupational well‐being was found among male nurses who had less than 5‐years' working experience. Conclusions: The results suggest that male nurses' occupational well‐being was at a moderate level. Mindfulness and professional identity were the protective factors of male nurses' occupational well‐being, and experiential avoidance was the risk factor. Nursing managers should ascertain male nurses' current occupational well‐being and the influencing factors and formulate effective improvement strategies. Male nurse courses on enhancing mindfulness and professional identity and reducing experiential avoidance should be explored, with a focus on helping nurses improve their professional well‐being and, in turn, prospectively reducing the turnover rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WRKYs play important roles in plant metabolism, but their regulation mechanism in Rehmannia glutinosa remains elusive. In this study, 37 putative WRKY transcription factors (TFs) with complete WRKY domain from R. glutinosa transcriptome sequence data were identified. Based on their conserved domains and zinc finger motif, the R. glutinosa WRKY TFs were divided into five groups. Structural feature analysis shows that the 37 RgWRKY proteins contain WRKYGQK/GKK domains and a C2H2/C2HC-type zinc finger structure. To identify the function of RgWRKY members involved in acteoside biosynthesis, transcriptional profiles of 37 RgWRKYs in hairy roots under salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments were systematically established using RNA-seq analysis. Based on the correlationship between the expression levels of RgWRKY genes and acteoside content, RgWRKY7 , RgWRKY23 , RgWRKY34 , RgWRKY35 , and RgWRKY37 were suggested to be involved in acteoside biosynthesis in R. glutinosa , and RgWRKY37 was selected for gene functional research. Overexpression of RgWRKY37 increased the content of acteoside and total phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in hairy roots and enhanced the transcript abundance of seven enzyme genes involved in the acteoside biosynthesis pathway. These results strongly suggest the involvement of the WRKY transcription factor in the regulation of acteoside biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s): To construct structural equation models to test the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between mindfulness and occupational burnout. Background: Reports assessing the relationships among mindfulness, emotional intelligence and burnout, specifically in ICU nurses, are scarce. Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational, cross‐sectional research design with 883 ICU nurses enrolled by convenience sampling from 29 ICUs in seven tertiary hospitals in urban areas of Chengdu, China. Mediation analysis was performed by structural equation modelling. Indirect effects were evaluated through bootstrapping. Results: The associations among mindfulness, emotional intelligence, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were all significant (p <.001). In the mediation models, emotional intelligence partially mediates the relationships between mindfulness and emotional exhaustion (indirect effect 0.118, p =.006; direct effect −0.374, p =.010; total effect −0.492, p =.011) and between mindfulness and depersonalization (indirect effect −0.182, p =.006; direct effect −0.452, p =.015; total effect −0.633, p =.018). Emotional intelligence plays a total mediating role between mindfulness and personal accomplishment (indirect effect 0.293, p =.004; direct effect 0.119, p =.053). Conclusions: The results suggest that nursing manager could implement mindfulness training to improve occupational burnout in ICU nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing managers could help create a more favourable working environment by providing mindfulness training. Such mindfulness training could help improve nursing quality, reduce errors and ensure patient safety, possibly improving patient prognosis and probably satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and eco‐friendly method for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines is presented. Compared to previous methods, this protocol is transition‐metal‐free and only potassium iodide is required. A series of substituted 4‐phenylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines are obtained in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iron-promoted method for the construction of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives has been developed. Ferric chloride served as a promoter and as a Lewis acid in the reaction. Solvents provided the corresponding carbon sources simultaneously. The majority of solvents with terminal methyl groups, including ethers, amines and dimethyl sulfoxide, were reactive in the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives at a certain yield via C–H(sp3) amination/C–O or C–N (C–S) cleavage. This method was applicable to a wide range of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline and indolo[1,2-a]quinazoline substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD48 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein involved in lymphocyte adhesion, activation, and costimulation. In this study, the CD48 gene of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, named On-CD48), was cloned from the head kidney of tilapia. The coding sequences is 654 bp and encoding 217 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of On-CD48 with an estimated molecular weight of 24.4 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.03. Amino acid alignment indicated that it had two immunoglobulin-like domain conserved region. In healthy tilapia, the On-CD48 could be detected in all the examined tissues and the highest expression level in the spleen. The expression of On-CD48 in the spleen and head kidney was decreased after immunized by formalin-inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae , and the peak was observed in the spleen at 24 h and appeared again at 96 h, and in the head kidney gradual decline before 48 h then gradually increased to the original level. qPCR analysis of inactivated S. agalactiae , LPS and Poly I:C stimulated at the whole lymphocyte level showed that the stimulation of the Poly I:C was more sensitive. Prokaryotic expression results showed that efficient expression of On-CD48 protein could be realized after induced with 0.5 mmol L−1 IPTG in E. coli BL21 (DE3) for 10 h at 18 °C. The result of subcellular localization showed that On-CD48 were evenly distributed in the whole cell of HEK-293T. Western Blot confirmed that the molecular weight of the recombinant On-CD48 was about 21 kDa, consistent with the predicted result. The results of this study will lay a strong foundation for the further study of On-CD48 molecular function in tilapia. • On-CD48 was identified from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. • On-CD48 was widely expressed in all tested tissues. • The transcriptional levels of On-CD48 presented in different stimuli of S. agalactiae and PolyI:C vary greatly. • On-CD48 may plays an important immune role in inflammatory response to viral infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nocardia seriolae is the main pathogen responsible for fish nocardiosis. A mitochondrial‐targeting secretory protein (MTSP) 3141 with an N‐terminal transit peptide (TP) from N. seriolae was predicted by bioinformatic analysis based on the genomic sequence of the N. seriolae strain ZJ0503. However, the function of the MTSP3141 and its homologs remains totally unknown. In this study, mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular products from N. seriolae proved that MTSP3141 was a secretory protein, subcellular localization research showed the MTSP3141‐GFP fusion protein co‐localized with mitochondria in fathead minnow (FHM) cells, the TP played an important role in mitochondria targeting, and only the TP located at N‐terminus but not C‐terminus can lead to mitochondria directing. Moreover, quantitative assays of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) value, caspase‐3 activity and apoptosis‐related gene (Bcl‐2, Bax, Bad, Bid and p53) mRNA expression suggested that cell apoptosis was induced in FHM cells by the overexpression of both MTSP3141 and MTSP3141ΔTP (with the N‐terminal TP deleted) proteins. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that the MTSP3141 of N. seriolae was a secretory protein, might target mitochondria, induce apoptosis in host cells and function as a virulence factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing students from vocational college programs contribute to over 60% of the nursing student population in China. However, there remains a lack of systematic, quantitative studies examining the prevalence of mental health problems in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms and associated factors in vocational college nursing students in Sichuan, China. A total of 554 nursing students from vocational colleges participated in this cross-sectional study. Outcomes were measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21). Logistic regressions analysis was performed to examine correlates of mental health problems. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among vocational college nursing students in China were 28.7% (95% CI 24.9%–32.5%), 41.7% (95% CI 37.6%–45.9%) and 20.2% (95% CI 16.8%–23.6%). Mental health problems were elevated as compared to a reference population of Chinese college students of all majors. However, only two percent indicated to seek treatment. The most consistent correlates of mental health problems were reduced engagement in physical and other leisure activities, poor sleep quality, experience of negative life events and poor self-perceived mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are vulnerable to smart attackers, who are selfish and subjective end-users and use smart radio devices to change their attack types and policies based on the ongoing UAV transmission and network states. In this paper, we apply prospect theory to formulate a subjective smart attack game for the UAV transmission, in which a smart attacker Eve makes subjective decisions to choose the attack type such as jamming, spoofing, and eavesdropping without knowing the attack detection accuracy of the UAV system, and the UAV transmit power on multiple radio channels is chosen to resist smart attacks. Reinforcement-learning-based UAV power allocation strategies are proposed to achieve the optimal power allocation against smart attacks without knowing the attack model and the channel model in the dynamic game. A deep Q-learning-based UAV power allocation strategy combines Q-learning and deep learning to accelerate the learning speed for the case with a large number of channel states and attack modes. Simulation results show that our proposed UAV power allocation strategy can suppress the attack motivation of subjective smart attackers and increase the secrecy capacity and the utility of the UAV system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An efficient, green, and novel method for the synthesis of N-heterocycle-fused quinoxalines is reported herein. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as both a reactant and a solvent in this reaction. A wide range of products in moderate to excellent yields were obtained, including pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines, indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines, 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines, and benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud storage is vulnerable to advanced persistent threats (APTs), in which an attacker launches stealthy, continuous, and targeted attacks on storage devices. In this paper, prospect theory (PT) is applied to formulate the interaction between the defender of a cloud storage system and an APT attacker who makes subjective decisions that sometimes deviate from the results of expected utility theory, which is a basis of traditional game theory. In the PT-based cloud storage defense game with pure strategy, the defender chooses a scan interval for each storage device and the subjective APT attacker chooses his or her interval of attack against each device. A mixed-strategy subjective storage defense game is also investigated, in which each subjective defender and APT attacker acts under uncertainty about the action of its opponent. The Nash equilibria (NEs) of both games are derived, showing that the subjective view of an APT attacker can improve the utility of the defender. A Q-learning-based APT defense scheme that the storage defender can apply without being aware of the APT attack model or the subjectivity model of the attacker in the dynamic APT defense game is also proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed defense scheme suppresses the attack motivation of subjective APT attackers and improves the utility of the defender, compared with the benchmark greedy defense strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An efficient p-toluene sulfonic acid–catalyzed, one-pot, two-step oxidative system for cyclization of o-diaminobenzene with 1,2-diaryl-2-hydroxyethanone to quinoxalines was described. A nontoxic, readily available oxidant, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), was applied in this process. A broad range of substrates was applied to this method, and target compounds were obtained with good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes, 1844), is an economically important species widely cultured in the world, but its genome research resources are largely lacking. The objectives of this study were to construct normalized cDNA libraries for efficient EST analysis, to generate ESTs from these libraries, and to identify EST-related molecular markers such as microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic analysis of this species. A total of 6,269 ESTs were generated representing 4,815 unique sequences, from which 105 putative microsatellites and 5,228 SNPs were identified. These genome resources provide the material basis for future genetic and functional analyses in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to systematically analyze the risk factors for RBD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies derived from the articles published in eight electronic databases before December 1, 2021. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and heterogeneity was quantified using I2. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were performed. The PROSPERO ID number of the present study is CRD42021293942. We identified 26 studies (44,230 subjects) among 2022 citations, and 13 factors were considered. Male sex (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13–1.64), smoking (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.26–1.50), depression (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.66–2.56), antidepressant use (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.98–2.82), duration of neuropsychiatric disorders(OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13–1.73), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD, OR = 60.15, 95% CI = 23.95–96.35) and observable motor dysfunction (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 0.65–4.22) were associated with a higher risk of RBD. Tertiary education and above (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35–0.96) was associated with a lower RBD risk. Men (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10–1.78, I2 = 0%, P = 0.005) and older individual (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.03–4.43, I2 = 60%, P = 0.002) were more likely to have iRBD. Six modifiable risk factors and one protective factor were associated with RBD. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms and to develop preventative strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehmannia glutinosa L., a perennial plant of Scrophulariaceae, is one of the most commonly used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that have been widely cultivated in China. However, to date, the biosynthetic pathway of its two quality-control components, catalpol and acteoside, are only partially elucidated and the mechanism for their tissue-specific accumulation remains unknown. To facilitate the basic understanding of the key genes and transcriptional regulators involved in the biosynthesis of catalpol and acteoside, transcriptome sequencing of radial striation (RS) and non-radial striation (nRS) from four R. glutinosa cultivars was performed. A total of 715,158,202 (~107.27 Gb) high quality reads obtained using paired-end Illumina sequencing were de novo assembled into 150,405 transcripts. Functional annotation with multiple public databases identified 155 and 223 unigenes involved in catalpol and acteoside biosynthesis, together with 325 UGTs, and important transcription factor (TF) families. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes identified 362 unigenes, found to be differentially expressed in all RS vs. nRS comparisons, with 143 upregulated unigenes, including those encoding enzymes of the catalpol and acteoside biosynthetic pathway, such as geranyl diphosphate synthase (RgGPPS), geraniol 8-hydroxylase (RgG10H), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (RgPAL). Other differentially expressed unigenes predicted to be related to catalpol and acteoside biosynthesis fall into UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), as well as transcription factors. In addition, 16 differentially expressed genes were selectively confirmed by real-time PCR. In conclusion, a large unigene dataset of R. glutinosa generated in the current study will serve as a resource for the identification of potential candidate genes for investigation of the tuberous root development and biosynthesis of active components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia could cause vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy, leading to high pulmonary circulation resistance, pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, even pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to ameliorate PAH but the mechanism was controversial. In this study, we revealed that the growth rate of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) treated with hypoxia was significantly increased than normal and showed lower expression of potassium channels. However, cells co-cultured with MSC showed decreased proliferation capability and down-regulated expression of ion channel of PAMSCs. The protein array data showed that the changes of PAMSCs was substantially associated with a high level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion from MSC. We further demonstrated that TNFα rescued the cell behavior of PAMSCs through activating the expression of P53 and NF-kB and inducing cell cycle arrest by P21/CDK2/CDK4 downregulation. These findings suggested that MSCs could attenuate abnormal function of PAMSCs by TNFα secretion, which was more or less associated with the beneficial effects of MSC on improving PAH. • Hypoxia induced significant changes of PAMSCs. • MSCs co-culture alleviated the changes of PAMSCs induced by hypoxia. • TNFα secreted by MSCs rescued the cell behaviors of PAMSCs. • TNFα activated the expression of p53 and NF-kB during this process. • TNFα induced cell cycle arrest by inhibiting P21/CDK2/CDK4 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient TosOH-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step oxidative system for the cyclization of o-diaminobenzene with 1,2-diaryl-2-hydroxyethanone to quinoxalines (III) is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article on the catalyzed one-pot synthesis of pyrrolo is presented.

Various quinoxaline systems are obtained by a one-pot, two-step oxidation/cyclization sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]