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AIM: To explore the relationship between the changes of serum circFTO and microRNA-141-3p(miR-141-3p)levels and the different disease stages of diabetes retinopathy.METHODS: A total of 198 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to our hospital from October 2019 to November 2022 were collected as the study subjects, the patients were grouped into non diabetes retinopathy(NDR)group(70 cases), non proliferative diabetes retinopathy(NPDR)group(66 cases)and proliferative diabetes retinopathy(PDR)group(62 cases)according to different stages; meantime, 67 volunteers with normal physical examination results were collected as the control group. The levels of serum circFTO and miR-141-3p were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR); Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the serum circFTO, miR-141-3p and various indicators in patients with diabetes retinopathy; multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of diabetes retinopathy.RESULTS: CircFTO, systolic blood pressure(SBP), and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)in PDR group were higher than those in control group, NDR group and NPDR group, while miR-141-3p and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were lower than those in control group, NDR group and NPDR group(P

AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME), and analyze their relationship with optical coherence tomography(OCT)classification.METHODS: A total of 45 DME patients treated with ranibizumab(admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2022)were selected as the ranibizumab group, and 45 DME patients treated with conbercept during the same period were selected as the conbercept group. The ranibizumab group was treated with retinal photocoagulation combined with ranibizumab, and the conbercept group was treated with retinal photocoagulation combined with conbercept. The improvement of symptoms(improvement time of macular edema, time of retinal thickness returning to normal, disappearance time of neovascularization and absorption time of fundus hemorrhage), levels of serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and VEGF, central macular thickness(CMT), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and complications were compared between the two groups, and the relationship between their clinical efficacy and different OCT types were analyzed.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the improvement time of macular edema, time of retinal thickness returning to normal, disappearance time of neovascularization and absorption time of fundus hemorrhage between the two groups(P>0.05); After treatment, the values of IL-6, VEGF and BCVA in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P0.05); compared with before treatment, CMT was significantly decreased in both groups after treatment(P0.05); there were significant differences in the total effective rate among patients with serous retinal detachment(SRD), cystoid macular edema(CME)and diffuse retinal thickening(DRT; P

Abstract To develop a simple and general method for improving the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) performances of materials is of great significance. In this work, two pairs of CPL‐active homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) P/M‐Et and P/M‐Et(Cd) with eta topology are reported. In comparison to the reported isomorphic Zn‐imidazolate MOFs P‐Me and M‐Me, both luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) of P‐Et and M‐Et are largely improved by simply changing the methyl group to an ethyl group of ligands in P‐Et and M‐Et. Furthermore, the |glum| values are significantly amplified up to 0.015 from 0.0057 by introducing the non‐luminescent halogenated aromatics, while an enhanced fluorescence efficiency is observed simultaneously (from 27.2% to 47.3%). The figure of merit value is about 40 times larger than that of P‐Me and M‐Me. Similarly, the CPL performances of P/M‐Et(Cd) are improved by about five times after encapsulating fluorobenzene molecules. This work represents a new and simple method for developing CPL‐active MOF materials.

AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF combined with laser in treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema.METHODS: Totally 62 patients with retinal vein occlusion complicated with macular edema were diagnosed in the Ophthalmology Department of our hospital during 2017-03/09 were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was treated by retinal laser alone, and groups B and C were treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept and rezuzumab respectively before retinal laser a follow-up of 6mo was conducted to observe the clinical efficacy of three groups.RESULTS: After treatment, the retinal thickness(CMT)in macular center of the three groups was significantly lower than that before treatment, and the CMT of groups B and C were lower than that of group A(PP>0.05). At 6mo after treatment, the total effective rate of the three groups was 44%, 86% and 86%, respectively(PPCONCLUSION: Vitreous injection of conbercept or ranibizumab combined with retinal laser in treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema can effectively reduce macular edema and improve vision. Conbercept or ranibizumab has similar effects.

Purpose: Few prognostic indicators involving differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer (BC) have been reported. We aimed to screen important DEGs related to ER status and explore potential prognostic factors for patients with ER-positive BC. Materials and methods: Two microarray datasets (GSE22093 and GSE23988) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to identify DEGs between ER-positive and ER-negative BC tissue. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery server. Protein-protein interactions of the DEGs were analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. Subsequently, we studied the expression of hub genes in different histological types of BC using the Oncomine database. The online Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plotter survival analysis tool was utilized to evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of hub genes in ER-positive BC patients. Based on the results of K-M plotter analysis, we investigated the expression profiles of significant hub genes in an array of cancer cell lines using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Results: A total of 194 DEGs were identified, comprising 141 upregulated and 53 downregulated genes. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the extracellular exosome of the cellular component category. Ten hub genes were upregulated in ER-positive BC, and overexpression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mRNA was correlated with worse relapse-free survival (RFS). In contrast, overexpressed mRNA of progesterone receptor (PGR) was associated with longer RFS in patients with ER-positive BC. The expression of ESR1 was associated with GATA3, whereas that of PGR was correlated with ABLIM3. Both ESR1 and PGR were highly expressed in BC cell lines. Conclusions: The results suggest that mRNA expression levels of ESR1 and PGR can be considered distinct biomarkers and essential prognostic factors for ER-positive BC.

Host–guest chemistry in hollow coordination cages can be exploited for a range of applications, but is often limited by inner cavity dimensions. Here, Schmitt and co-workers fabricate supramolecular keplerates that possess ultra-large cross-sectional diameters and are composed of multiple sub-cages.

AIM: To investigate the correlation between carotid artery disease and fundus arteriosclerosis in patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS: Totally 120 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups. The patients were diagnosed with bilateral carotid artery and non-mydriatic fundus camera. Fouty-two patients transient ischaemic attack(TIA)underwent cerebral angiography. The data were recorded for analysis. RESULTS: The degree of fundus arteriosclerosis in patients with cerebral infarction was positively correlated with blood pressure(r=0.361, P=0.015). There was a significant correlation between retinal arteriosclerosis grade and carotid atherosclerosis(r=0.392, P=0.011). The degree of fundus arteriosclerosis was correlated with cerebral arteriolar lesion, higher than it with carotid artery disease(r=0.465, 0.392, P=0.037). CONCLUSION: Carotid arteriosclerosis, fundus arteriosclerosis and cerebral arteriolar lesions in patients with cerebral infarction have a significant correlation with hypertension, and fundus arterial examination has important clinical value in judging cerebral arteriosclerosis.

AIM:To investigate the visual status and risk factors of elementary and middle school students in urban area of Chenzhou in order to provide evidence for vision protection. METHODS: Visual acuity was examined in 11 286 students that were selected by multistage sampling. Influencing factors were investigated by questionnaire. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations. RESULTS: In the elementary and middle school students, the hypopsia rate was 47.50% in Chenzhou; hypopsia rate in the elementary school was 34.01%, the rate in junior school was 62.10%; the main type of hypopsia was myopia(70.01%); myopia rate in pupils was 22.57%, myopia rate in junior middle school students was 48.84%.The main risk factors for myopia were: age, grade, parents with myopia, long homework time, reading more than 1h continuously, long time watching videos and obesity. Protective factors were: recessing out of classrooms and outdoor activities.CONCLUSION: Hypopsia in youth is the result of genetic and environmental factors. Early protections, forming good visual habits will help protect children's vision.

AIM:To evaluate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab on noninfectious uveitic macular edema(UME). METHODS: This was an open and prospective study without control trial. Seventeen eyes from 17 patients with UME diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were enrolled in this study. Before the injection, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS)and central macular thickness(CMT)measured by OCT were examined. All affected eyes were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab 0.05mL(0.5mg). The BCVA, CMT and intraocular pressure(IOP)were compared with baseline at 2, 4, 8 and 12wk after treatment. Related complications were recorded. RESULTS: The median BCVA before treatment was 57(P25 and P75 were 52.5 and 64.5, respectively). The median CMT was 524μm(P25 and P75 were 365.5 and 571, respectively). At 2, 4, 8, and 12wk after injection, the median BCVA of the affected eyes was 76(P25 and P75 were 71 and 80, respectively), 81(P25 and P75 were 78.5 and 83, respectively), 82(P25 and P75 were 68.5 and 84, respectively), and 82(P25 and P75 are 78.5 and 83, respectively). The Friedman M test showed that there were differences in the BCVA in the four groups at different follow-up times, that was, BCVA after injection was higher than before injection(χ2=47.58, P25 and P75 were 249.5 and 374.5, respectively),231μm(P25 and P75 were 212.5 and 267), 219μm(P25 and P75 were 210.5 and 365.5,respectively), and 217μm(P25 and P75 were 201.5 and 366.5,respectively). The Friedman M test showed that there was difference in the CMT in the four groups at different follow-up times(χ2=40.33, PCONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab is a safe and effective approach for noninfectious uveitic macular edema in the short term, which can significantly improve visual acuity and reduce CMT in patients refractory to or intolerant of standard corticosteroid/ immunomodulatory therapy.

Objective(s): Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion is a major problem, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine on cell proliferation, antioxidant system, cell death, and structural integrity in intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were randomized into three groups: group A, sham-operated or control; group B, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR); and group C, intestinal IR pretreated with 50 μg of dexmedetomidine. Intestine tissue was collected from all rats 30 min after desufflation, and fresh frozen for histological and biochemical evaluation. Results: The intestinal tissue of group B rats showed a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities. However, these enzyme activities were improved by the administration of dexmedetomidine. Inhibiting the protein expression of MCP7, PAR2, P-JAK, P-STAT1, and P-STAT3 proved the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. The immunohistochemical staining revealed its protective effect by maintaining the normal structural integrity, less caspase-3 immuno reactivity, and increased cell proliferation count in the intestinal tissues. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine significantly protected intestine IR injury in rats by inhibiting the inflammatory response, intestinal epithelial apoptosis, and maintaining structural integrity of intestinal cells.

Tumors frequently exhibit loss of tumor suppressor genes or allelic gains of activated oncogenes. A significant proportion of cancer susceptibility loci in the mouse show somatic losses or gains consistent with the presence of a tumor susceptibility or resistance allele. Thus, allele-specific somatic gains or losses at loci may demarcate the presence of resistance or susceptibility alleles. The goal of this study was to determine if previously mapped susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer show evidence of allele-specific somatic events in colon tumors.We performed quantitative genotyping of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing statistically significant association with colorectal cancer in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We genotyped 194 paired normal and colorectal tumor DNA samples and 296 paired validation samples to investigate these SNPs for allele-specific somatic gains and losses. We combined analysis of our data with published data for seven of these SNPs.No statistically significant evidence for allele-specific somatic selection was observed for the tested polymorphisms in the discovery set. The rs6983267 variant, which has shown preferential loss of the non-risk T allele and relative gain of the risk G allele in previous studies, favored relative gain of the G allele in the combined discovery and validation samples (corrected p-value = 0.03). When we combined our data with published allele-specific imbalance data for this SNP, the G allele of rs6983267 showed statistically significant evidence of relative retention (p-value = 2.06×10(-4)).Our results suggest that the majority of variants identified as colon cancer susceptibility alleles through GWAS do not exhibit somatic allele-specific imbalance in colon tumors. Our data confirm previously published results showing allele-specific imbalance for rs6983267. These results indicate that allele-specific imbalance of cancer susceptibility alleles may not be a common phenomenon in colon cancer.

The title molecule, C16H15I2N3O2, adopts an E configuration about the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 6.4 (2)°. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating in the c-axis direction.

Cowden syndrome (CS) and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) which are autosomal dominant hamartoma syndromes is presented. It is explained that the germline PTEN mutations is associated with 85% of the CS cases and 65% of BRRS cases and also with other disorders, which are collectively referred to as the 'PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.'

Patients with unexplained hamartomatous or hyperplastic/mixed polyposis were systematically classified by extensive molecular analysis in the context of central rereview of histopathology results. Systematic molecular classification of 49 patients with unexplained hamartomatous or hyperplastic polyposis uncovered a potential novel susceptibility gene, ENG, for juvenile polyposis.

Two 3D polyknotted topological isomers that were obtained from the reactions of CuSCN (copper thiocyanate) and (Hbppz) 3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole under different conditions is reported. Both complexes are polyknotted topological isomers introduced by different linkage modes of the SC[N.sup-] anion between two interpenetrating [10.sup.3] networks.

The bifunctional molecule tetrakis(methylthio)-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (TMBD) has interacted with the increasingly harder metal ions of [Cu.sup.I], [Cd.sup.II] and [Zn.sup.II] to form the coordination networks of [Cu.sub.2]TMBD, CdTMBD and [Zn.sub.4]O[([H.sub.2]O).sub.3][(T

The research describes the formation of polypseudorotaxane supramolecules by the encapsulation of the metal bis(terpyridine) complex cations by the anionic network of various anionic hybrid coordination compounds. The analysis reveals that the role of the template in the fabrication of such structures is played by the complex cations, which further leads to the development of new hybrid functional materials.

The synthesis and characterization of two CuI complexes of 2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tpt), a mixed-valence Cu(II)-Cu(I) complex of tpt, and two Cu(II) complexes of bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)-amine (bpca)by in situ hydrolysis of tpt and oxidation of Cu(I) is presented. The synthesis and characterization of such complexes indicated that Cu(I) could not promote the hydrolysis of tpt and a theoretical study shows that the main effect for hydrolysis of tpt is the electron-withdrawing effect of metal ions.

The systematic investigation of the influences of pyrimidine-based thioether ligand geometries and counteranions on the overall molecular architectures are presented. On the basis of the self-assembly of CuX and the four structurally related flexible dithioether ligands, 10 new metal-organic entities are synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.

Cross flaws occur widely in rock masses and play a crucial role in the failure of rock engineering. This article first experimentally studies the cracking behaviors of rock-like specimens containing two sets of preexisting cross flaws under uniaxial compression. The effects of the flaw inclination angle and the horizontal spacing on the cracking behaviors of rock-like specimens are investigated as well as initiation stress, peak strength, peak strain, and complete stress-strain curves. The experimental results include observations of five types of cracks and seven types of coalescence. The crack initiation mode depends more strongly on the inclination angle than on the horizontal spacing. Moreover, it is found that a set of preexisting flaws coalesce not only with another set of preexisting flaws but also with the identical set of preexisting flaws. The peak strength and peak strain first increase and then decrease as the horizontal spacing increases. Meanwhile, the peak strength first increases and then decreases, and the peak strain first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases as the flaw inclination angle increases. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of rock masses, in particular those containing preexisting flaws that appear in sets or groups with similar orientation and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional pennyshaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based threedimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a novel meshless numerical method, termed general particle dynamics (GPD), to simulate crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence in rock-like materials subjected to impact loads was developed. In the GPD code, interaction among discrete particles was formulated with use of the virtual-bond method. Fractures of virtual bonds among particles were determined through a damage evolution law of rock-like materials. An elastobrittle damage model was applied to reflect the initiation and growth of cracks and the macrofailure of the rock-like materials. A damage coefficient, determined by the number of fractures of virtual bonds around one particle, was introduced into the constitutive equations to modify the damaged particles. The damaged virtual bonds were considered the initiation of cracks. The growth path of cracks was captured through the sequence of the damaged virtual bonds. Three numerical cases are presented here. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is controversial. This study aims to investigate whether the peripheral insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetes patients suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage can be increased after HBOT. Methods: Fifty-two type 2 diabetes participants were recruited after being diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the glucose infusion rate during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (80 mU m-2 min-1) at baseline and 10 and 30 days after HBOT sessions. Serum insulin, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1C were measured in fasting serum at baseline and after HBOT sessions. In addition, early (~10 days after onset) and late (1 month after onset) outcomes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS scores) and efficacy (changes of NIHSS scores) of HBOT were evaluated. Results: In response to HBOT, the glucose infusion rate was increased by 37.8%±5.76% at 1 month after onset compared with baseline. Reduced serum insulin, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1C were observed after HBOT. Both early and late outcomes of the HBOT group were improved compared with baseline (P<0.001). In the control group, there was significant difference only in the late outcome (P<0.05). In the assessment of efficacy, there were statistically significant differences between the groups when comparing changes in NIHSS scores at 10 days and 1 month after onset (P<0.05). Conclusion: Peripheral insulin sensitivity was increased following HBOT in type 2 diabetes patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The HBOT used in this study may be effective for diabetes patients with acute stroke and is a safe and harmless adjunctive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, meshless numerical method, called general particle dynamics (GPD), is proposed to simulate the initiation, propagation, and coalescence of three-dimensional (3D), pre-existing penetrating and embedded flaws as well as size effects and large deformations of rock materials. On the basis of the nonlinear unified strength criterion, an elastic-brittle-plastic damage model was developed to reflect the initiation, growth, and coalescence of the 3D flaws and the macrofailure of rocklike materials by tracing the propagation of the cracks. Then, growth paths of cracks were captured through the sequence of such damaged particles. In this paper, the GPD code is applied to simulate the macrofailure, large deformation, and size effects of the heterogeneous rocklike materials. The present numerical simulations focus on the effects of sample sizes, the nonoverlapping length and types of flaws on the failure, and the complete stress-strain curves of the rocklike materials. The initiation, propagation, and coalescence processes of the wing cracks, the antiwing cracks, the oblique secondary cracks, the out-of-plane shear cracks, and the quasi-coplanar shear crack in a rocklike sample subjected to uniaxial compression is numerically simulated using GPD3D. The numerical results indicate that the nonoverlapping lengths and types of flaws significantly influence the coalescence types. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is proven that the GPD3D can adequately simulate the failure processes, large deformation, and size effects of the rocklike materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the key technical problem of deep mudstone failure under drilling fluid soaking the weakening law of strength is analysed by a laboratory test. The result shows that under the drilling fluid soaking the mudstone strength at first increases and then it decreases with increase of coring angle. The decreasing range of strength is up to 49.5-54.7%. With the increase in confining pressure the increasing range in strength is smaller and it is only 26.4-39.2% with coring angles of 0° and 90°. The elastic modulus of mudstone decreases with the increase of soaking time and it increases at first and then it decreases with the increase in coring angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ni-imidazolate cubic cages, one-dimensional and two-dimensional coordination polymers based on the cubic cages, have been prepared by solvothermal subcomponent self-assembly of 5-methyl-4-formylimidazole, m-xylylenediamine, and NiII salts with varied anions. These compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, elemental analysis, IR spectra, and powder X-ray diffractions. The formation of an oligomerized coordination cage or an infinite coordination polymer depends on the anions chosen. An oligomerized 8-nuclear Ni-imidazolate cubic cage is formed when the anion Cl-, Br-, I-, SCN-, NO2-, or NO3- is utilized in the reactions, and a two-dimensional coordination polymer based on the Ni-imidazolate cubic cage will be obtained when N3-, (CN)2N-, or (CN)3C- act as the anions. When only ClO4- or both ClO4- and [Ni(C4N2S2)2]2- (C4N2S2 = dimercaptomaleonitrile) as anions exist in the reaction mixture, a ladder-like one-dimensional coordination polymer based on the Ni-imidazolate cubic cage and formate is formed unpredictably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous SnO2 nanospheres with uniform morphologies and sizes were fabricated via a biopolymer (sodium alginate, SA)-assisted hydrothermal route. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high solution TEM (HRTEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The obtained tetragonal SnO2 nanospheres were characteristic of hierarchical mesoporous structures with good crystallinity and high purity. Moreover, it was found that the porous SnO2 nanospheres were composed of numerous tiny nanocrystals as building blocks and the SA played a key role in formation of the porous nanospheres with uniform morphologies and sizes. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the obtained porous SnO2 nanospheres under sunlight irradiation was also evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported here is a new CdII-based metal-organic framework (MOF), ROD-8, based on the rod secondary building unit (SBU) and tetratopic linker 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene. The structure of this MOF experiences framework disorder with the two extreme ordered orientations of the ligand, which are topologically related to the two nets, namely lrk and lrl, both derived from the basic net lrj. Moreover, the activated sample, ROD-8a, shows selective gas adsorption of CO2 over N2,CO2 over CH4 and CH4 over N2 at room temperature, estimated by the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of neutral cubic nickel(II)-imidazolate Ni8L12X4 cages were prepared by rational choices of substituents and anions with solvothermal subcomponent self-assembly technology. Both substituents and halide anions play a critical role in the formation and stabilization of cubic cages. Changing one of the factors in the reaction will switch the final structure to a Ni14L24 rhombic dodecahedral cage. The cubic cage can transform to a large rhombic dodecahedral cage in the presence of methylamine at room temperature accompanied by a color change from purple to light yellow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential diagnosis of rectal serrated polyps is challenging due to its unique anatomic location, the evolving concept of serrated polyps over the past several years, and to histologic changes seen in rectal mucosal prolapse. We reclassified 95 rectal polyps diagnosed originally as "sessile serrated adenoma" (SSA), "serrated polyp," or "hyperplastic polyp (HP) with features of SSA" in a 5- year period based on World Health Organization classification criteria for colorectal serrated polyps. BRAF (V600E) mutation assay was performed to explore its value in the differential diagnosis for serrated polyps. Twenty-six originally diagnosed SSAs were reclassified as SSA (15/26, 57.7%), HP with mucosal prolapse (HP-P; 7/26, 26.9%), and HP (4/26, 15.4%). Fifty-two polyps originally diagnosed "HP with features of SSA" were reclassified as HP-P (24/52, 46.2%), HP (10/52, 19.2%), inflammatory-type polyp (5/52, 9.6%), and serrated polyp unclassifiable (13/52, 25.0%). Thirty-one of the 78 originally diagnosed SSA or HP with features of SSA were reclassified as HP-P, which accounted for 32.6% of the rectal polyps in this study. Mucosal prolapse along with chronic inflammation and tissue embedding artifact were the most common features that led to misdiagnosis in rectal serrated polyps. BRAF mutation was identified in 8 of 11 HP, 4 of 4 SSA, and 8 of 11 unclassifiable serrated polyp of the rectum, and was absent in control tissue. Thus, histopathologic changes suggesting prolapsed rectal mucosa should take precedence over BRAF results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]