23 results on '"Wunderlich, Ch."'
Search Results
2. Quantum gates and memory using microwave-dressed states
- Author
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Timoney, N., Baumgart, I., Johanning, M., Varan, A. F., Plenio, M. B., Retzker, A., and Wunderlich, Ch.
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Atoms -- Properties ,Dynamics of a particle -- Research ,Wave propagation -- Research ,Quantum theory -- Research ,Microwaves -- Properties ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Trapped atomic ions have been used successfully to demonstrate (1) basic elements of universal quantum information processing. Nevertheless, scaling up such methods to achieve large-scale, universal quantum information processing (or more specialized quantum simulations (2-5)) remains challenging. The use of easily controllable and stable microwave sources, rather than complex laser systems (6,7), could remove obstacles to scalability. However, the microwave approach has drawbacks: it involves the use of magnetic-field-sensitive states, which shorten coherence times considerably, and requires large, stable magnetic field gradients. Here we show how to overcome both problems by using stationary atomic quantum states as qubits that are induced by microwave fields (that is, by dressing magnetic-field-sensitive states with microwave fields). This permits fast quantum logic, even in the presence of a small (effective) Lamb-Dicke parameter (and, therefore, moderate magnetic field gradients). We experimentally demonstrate the basic building blocks of this scheme, showing that the dressed states are long lived and that coherence times are increased by more than two orders of magnitude relative to those of bare magnetic-field-sensitive states. This improves the prospects of microwave-driven ion trap quantum information processing, and offers a route to extending coherence times in all systems that suffer from magnetic noise, such as neutral atoms, nitrogen-vacancy centres, quantum dots or circuit quantum electrodynamic systems., Using laser light for coherent manipulation of quantum bits (qubits) gives rise to fundamental issues, notably unavoidable spontaneous emission that destroys quantum coherence (8,9). The difficulty of cooling a collection [...]
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- 2011
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3. What does an observed quantum system reveal to its observer?
- Author
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Toschek, P.E. and Wunderlich, Ch.
- Published
- 2001
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4. Quantum measurements and new concepts for experiments with trapped ions
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Wunderlich, Ch. and Balzer, Ch.
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- 2003
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5. Estimation of qubit states in a factorizing basis
- Author
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Hannemann, Th., Reiss, D., Balzer, Ch., Neuhauser, W., Toschek, P. E., and Wunderlich, Ch.
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Quantum Physics ,Computer Science::Emerging Technologies ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) - Abstract
The optimal estimation of a quantum mechanical 2-state system (qubit) - with N identically prepared qubits available - is obtained by measuring all qubits simultaneously in an entangled basis. We report the experimental estimation of qubits using a succession of N measurements on individual qubits where the measurement basis is changed during the estimation procedure conditioned on the outcome of previous measurements (self-learning estimation). The performance of this adaptive algorithm is compared with other algorithms using measurements in a factorizing basis., 4 pages, 2 figures
- Published
- 2001
6. Thermally activated hopping of two ions trapped in a bistable potential well.
- Author
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Abich, K., Keil, A., Reiss, D., Wunderlich, Ch., Neuhauser, W., and Toschek, P. E.
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- 2004
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7. Spin resonance with trapped ions.
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Wunderlich, Ch, Balzer, Ch, Hannemann, T., Mintert, F., Neuhauser, W., Reiß, D., and Toschek, P. E.
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- 2003
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8. Entanglement and inhibited quantum evolution.
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Toschek, P. E., Balzer, Chr, Hannemann, Th, Wunderlich, Ch, and Neuhauser, W.
- Published
- 2003
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9. Protecting Conditional Quantum Gates by Robust Dynamical Decoupling.
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Piltz, Ch., Scharfenberger, B., Khromova, A., Varón, A. F., and Wunderlich, Ch.
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QUANTUM acoustics , *MATHEMATICAL decoupling , *PROPERTIES of matter , *NUCLEAR quadrupole resonance , *MATHEMATICAL physics - Abstract
Dephasing—phase randomization of a quantum superposition state—is a major obstacle for the realization of high fidelity quantum logic operations. Here, we implement a two-qubit controlled-NOT gate using dynamical decoupling (DD), despite the gate time being more than 1 order of magnitude longer than the intrinsic coherence time of the system. For realizing this universal conditional quantum gate, we have devised a concatenated DD sequence that ensures robustness against imperfections of DD pulses that otherwise may destroy quantum information or interfere with gate dynamics. We compare its performance with three other types of DD sequences. These experiments are carried out using a well-controlled prototype quantum system—trapped atomic ions coupled by an effective spin-spin interaction. The scheme for protecting conditional quantum gates demonstrated here is applicable to other physical systems, such as nitrogen vacancy centers, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, and circuit quantum electrodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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10. Designer Spin Pseudomolecule Implemented with Trapped Ions in a Magnetic Gradient.
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Khromova, A., Piltz, Ch., Scharfenberger, B., Gloger, T. F., Johanning, M., Varón, A. F., and Wunderlich, Ch.
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ION traps , *QUANTUM theory , *NUCLEAR spin , *MAGNETIC materials , *MICROWAVES , *GATE array circuits , *THERMAL analysis - Abstract
We report on the experimental investigation of an individual pseudomolecule using trapped ions with adjustable magnetically induced 7-type coupling between spin states. Resonances of individual spins are well separated and are addressed with high fidelity. Quantum gates are carried out using microwave radiation in the presence of thermal excitation of the pseudomolecule's vibrations. Demonstrating controlled-NOT gates between non-nearest neighbors serves as a proof-of-principle of a quantum bus employing a spin chain. Combining advantageous features of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and trapped ions, respectively, opens up a new avenue toward scalable quantum information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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11. Adiabatic quantum simulation with a segmented ion trap: Application to long-distance entanglement in quantum spin systems.
- Author
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Zippilli, S., Johanning, M., Giampaolo, S. M., Wunderlich, Ch., and Illuminati, F.
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ADIABATIC processes , *ION traps , *QUANTUM mechanics , *QUANTUM spin models , *HAMILTONIAN mechanics , *QUANTUM entanglement - Abstract
We investigate theoretically systems of ions in segmented linear Paul traps for the quantum simulation of quantum spin models with tunable interactions. The scheme is entirely general and can be applied to the realization of arbitrary spin-spin interactions. As a specific application we discuss in detail the quantum simulation of models that exhibit long-distance entanglement in the ground state. We show how tailoring of the axial trapping potential allows for generating spin-spin coupling patterns that are suitable to create long-distance entanglement. We discuss how suitable sequences of microwave pulses can implement Trotter expansions and realize various kinds of effective spin-spin interactions. The corresponding Hamiltonians can be varied on adjustable time scales, thereby allowing the controlled adiabatic preparation of their ground states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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12. Ultrasensitive Magnetometer using a Single Atom.
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Baumgart, I., Cai, J. -M., Retzker, A., Plenio, M. B., and Wunderlich, Ch.
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MAGNETOMETERS , *QUANTUM coherence , *MAGNETIC sensors - Abstract
Precision sensing, and in particular high precision magnetometry, is a central goal of research into quantum technologies. For magnetometers, often trade-offs exist between sensitivity, spatial resolution, and frequency range. The precision, and thus the sensitivity of magnetometry, scales as 1/√T2 with the phase coherence time T2 of the sensing system playing the role of a key determinant. Adapting a dynamical decoupling scheme that allows for extending T2 by orders of magnitude and merging it with a magnetic sensing protocol, we achieve a measurement sensitivity even for high frequency fields close to the standard quantum limit. Using a single atomic ion as a sensor, we experimentally attain a sensitivity of 4.6 pT/√Hz for an alternating-current magnetic field near 14 MHz. Based on the principle demonstrated here, this unprecedented sensitivity combined with spatial resolution in the nanometer range and tunability from direct current to the gigahertz range could be used for magnetic imaging in as of yet inaccessible parameter regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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13. A Stably Protonated Adenine Nucleotide with a Highly Shifted pK a Value Stabilizes the Tertiary Structure of a GTP-Binding RNA Aptamer.
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Wolter AC, Weickhmann AK, Nasiri AH, Hantke K, Ohlenschläger O, Wunderlich CH, Kreutz C, Duchardt-Ferner E, and Wöhnert J
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- Binding Sites, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Adenine Nucleotides chemistry, Aptamers, Nucleotide chemistry, Guanosine Triphosphate chemistry, Protons
- Abstract
RNA tertiary structure motifs are stabilized by a wide variety of hydrogen-bonding interactions. Protonated A and C nucleotides are normally not considered to be suitable building blocks for such motifs since their pK
a values are far from physiological pH. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of an in vitro selected GTP-binding RNA aptamer bound to GTP with an intricate tertiary structure. It contains a novel kind of base quartet stabilized by a protonated A residue. Owing to its unique structural environment in the base quartet, the pKa value for the protonation of this A residue in the complex is shifted by more than 5 pH units compared to the pKa for A nucleotides in single-stranded RNA. This is the largest pKa shift for an A residue in structured nucleic acids reported so far, and similar in size to the largest pKa shifts observed for amino acid side chains in proteins. Both RNA pre-folding and ligand binding contribute to the pKa shift., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)- Published
- 2017
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14. Measurement of Ligand-Target Residence Times by 1 H Relaxation Dispersion NMR Spectroscopy.
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Moschen T, Grutsch S, Juen MA, Wunderlich CH, Kreutz C, and Tollinger M
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- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Kinetics, Ligands, Molecular Structure, Molecular Weight, Structure-Activity Relationship, Time Factors, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Abstract
A ligand-observed
1 H NMR relaxation experiment is introduced for measuring the binding kinetics of low-molecular-weight compounds to their biomolecular targets. We show that this approach, which does not require any isotope labeling, is applicable to ligand-target systems involving proteins and nucleic acids of variable molecular size. The experiment is particularly useful for the systematic investigation of low affinity molecules with residence times in the micro- to millisecond time regime.- Published
- 2016
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15. Excited States of Nucleic Acids Probed by Proton Relaxation Dispersion NMR Spectroscopy.
- Author
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Juen MA, Wunderlich CH, Nußbaumer F, Tollinger M, Kontaxis G, Konrat R, Hansen DF, and Kreutz C
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Protons, DNA chemistry, Isotope Labeling methods, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular methods, RNA chemistry
- Abstract
In this work an improved stable isotope labeling protocol for nucleic acids is introduced. The novel building blocks eliminate/minimize homonuclear (13) C and (1) H scalar couplings thus allowing proton relaxation dispersion (RD) experiments to report accurately on the chemical exchange of nucleic acids. Using site-specific (2) H and (13) C labeling, spin topologies are introduced into DNA and RNA that make (1) H relaxation dispersion experiments applicable in a straightforward manner. The novel RNA/DNA building blocks were successfully incorporated into two nucleic acids. The A-site RNA was previously shown to undergo a two site exchange process in the micro- to millisecond time regime. Using proton relaxation dispersion experiments the exchange parameters determined earlier could be recapitulated, thus validating the proposed approach. We further investigated the dynamics of the cTAR DNA, a DNA transcript that is involved in the viral replication cycle of HIV-1. Again, an exchange process could be characterized and quantified. This shows the general applicablility of the novel labeling scheme for (1) H RD experiments of nucleic acids., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2016
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16. m(1)A and m(1)G disrupt A-RNA structure through the intrinsic instability of Hoogsteen base pairs.
- Author
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Zhou H, Kimsey IJ, Nikolova EN, Sathyamoorthy B, Grazioli G, McSally J, Bai T, Wunderlich CH, Kreutz C, Andricioaei I, and Al-Hashimi HM
- Subjects
- Adenosine chemistry, Base Pairing, Base Sequence, Guanosine chemistry, Hydrogen Bonding, Inverted Repeat Sequences, Models, Molecular, RNA Stability, RNA chemistry, RNA, Double-Stranded chemistry
- Abstract
The B-DNA double helix can dynamically accommodate G-C and A-T base pairs in either Watson-Crick or Hoogsteen configurations. Here, we show that G-C(+) (in which + indicates protonation) and A-U Hoogsteen base pairs are strongly disfavored in A-RNA. As a result,N(1)-methyladenosine and N(1)-methylguanosine, which occur in DNA as a form of alkylation damage and in RNA as post-transcriptional modifications, have dramatically different consequences. Whereas they create G-C(+) and A-T Hoogsteen base pairs in duplex DNA, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the double helix, they block base-pairing and induce local duplex melting in RNA. These observations provide a mechanism for disrupting RNA structure through post-transcriptional modifications. The different propensities to form Hoogsteen base pairs in B-DNA and A-RNA may help cells meet the opposing requirements of maintaining genome stability, on the one hand, and of dynamically modulating the structure of the epitranscriptome, on the other.
- Published
- 2016
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17. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of site-specific isotopically labeled nucleotides for use in NMR resonance assignment, dynamics and structural characterizations.
- Author
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Longhini AP, LeBlanc RM, Becette O, Salguero C, Wunderlich CH, Johnson BA, D'Souza VM, Kreutz C, and Dayie TK
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- Bacillus anthracis chemistry, Bacillus anthracis genetics, Carbon Isotopes, Coronavirus 229E, Human chemistry, Coronavirus 229E, Human genetics, Creatine Kinase chemistry, Creatine Kinase genetics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pentosyltransferases chemistry, Pentosyltransferases genetics, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) chemistry, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) genetics, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Response Elements, Ribose chemistry, Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase chemistry, Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase genetics, Riboswitch, Transcription, Genetic, Adenosine Triphosphate chemical synthesis, Guanosine Triphosphate chemical synthesis, Isotope Labeling methods, Nucleotides chemical synthesis
- Abstract
Stable isotope labeling is central to NMR studies of nucleic acids. Development of methods that incorporate labels at specific atomic positions within each nucleotide promises to expand the size range of RNAs that can be studied by NMR. Using recombinantly expressed enzymes and chemically synthesized ribose and nucleobase, we have developed an inexpensive, rapid chemo-enzymatic method to label ATP and GTP site specifically and in high yields of up to 90%. We incorporated these nucleotides into RNAs with sizes ranging from 27 to 59 nucleotides using in vitro transcription: A-Site (27 nt), the iron responsive elements (29 nt), a fluoride riboswitch from Bacillus anthracis(48 nt), and a frame-shifting element from a human corona virus (59 nt). Finally, we showcase the improvement in spectral quality arising from reduced crowding and narrowed linewidths, and accurate analysis of NMR relaxation dispersion (CPMG) and TROSY-based CEST experiments to measure μs-ms time scale motions, and an improved NOESY strategy for resonance assignment. Applications of this selective labeling technology promises to reduce difficulties associated with chemical shift overlap and rapid signal decay that have made it challenging to study the structure and dynamics of large RNAs beyond the 50 nt median size found in the PDB., (© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)
- Published
- 2016
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18. NMR resonance assignments for the class II GTP binding RNA aptamer in complex with GTP.
- Author
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Wolter AC, Duchardt-Ferner E, Nasiri AH, Hantke K, Wunderlich CH, Kreutz C, and Wöhnert J
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- Base Sequence, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Aptamers, Nucleotide chemistry, Aptamers, Nucleotide metabolism, Guanosine Triphosphate metabolism, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Abstract
The structures of RNA-aptamer-ligand complexes solved in the last two decades were instrumental in realizing the amazing potential of RNA for forming complex tertiary structures and for molecular recognition of small molecules. For GTP as ligand the sequences and secondary structures for multiple families of aptamers were reported which differ widely in their structural complexity, ligand affinity and ligand functional groups involved in RNA-binding. However, for only one of these families the structure of the GTP-RNA complex was solved. In order to gain further insights into the variability of ligand recognition modes we are currently determining the structure of another GTP-aptamer--the so-called class II aptamer--bound to GTP using NMR-spectroscopy in solution. As a prerequisite for a full structure determination, we report here (1)H, (13)C, (15)N and partial (31)P-NMR resonance assignments for the class II GTP-aptamer bound to GTP.
- Published
- 2016
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19. Ligand-detected relaxation dispersion NMR spectroscopy: dynamics of preQ1-RNA binding.
- Author
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Moschen T, Wunderlich CH, Spitzer R, Levic J, Micura R, Tollinger M, and Kreutz C
- Subjects
- Ligands, Aptamers, Nucleotide chemistry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular methods
- Abstract
An NMR-based approach to characterizing the binding kinetics of ligand molecules to biomolecules, like RNA or proteins, by ligand-detected Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion experiments is described. A (15)N-modified preQ1 ligand is used to acquire relaxation dispersion experiments in the presence of low amounts of the Fsu class I preQ1 aptamer RNA, and increasing ligand concentrations to probe the RNA small molecule interaction. Our experimental data strongly support the conformational selection mechanism postulated. The approach gives direct access to two parameters of a ligand-receptor interaction: the off rate and the population of the small molecule-receptor complex. A detailed description of the kinetics underlying the ligand binding process is of crucial importance to fully understanding a riboswitch's function and to evaluate potential new antibiotics candidates targeting the noncoding RNA species. Ligand-detected NMR relaxation dispersion experiments represent a valuable diagnostic tool for the characterization of binding mechanisms., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2015
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20. Stable isotope-labeled RNA phosphoramidites to facilitate dynamics by NMR.
- Author
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Wunderlich CH, Juen MA, LeBlanc RM, Longhini AP, Dayie TK, and Kreutz C
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- Isotope Labeling, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular methods, Organophosphorus Compounds chemistry, RNA chemistry
- Abstract
Given that Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are a central hub of various cellular processes, methods to synthesize these RNAs for biophysical studies are much needed. Here, we showcase the applicability of 6-(13)C-pyrimidine phosphoramidites to introduce isolated (13)C-(1)H spin pairs into RNAs up to 40 nucleotides long. The method allows the incorporation of 6-(13)C-uridine and -cytidine residues at any desired position within a target RNA. By site-specific positioning of the (13)C-label using RNA solid phase synthesis, these stable isotope-labeling patterns are especially well suited to resolve resonance assignment ambiguities. Of even greater importance, the labeling pattern affords accurate quantification of important functional transitions of biologically relevant RNAs (e.g., riboswitch aptamer domains, viral RNAs, or ribozymes) in the μs- to ms time regime and beyond without complications of one bond carbon scalar couplings. We outline the chemical synthesis of the 6-(13)C-pyrimidine building blocks and their use in RNA solid phase synthesis and demonstrate their utility in Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill relaxation dispersion, ZZ exchange, and chemical exchange saturation transfer NMR experiments., (© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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21. Magnetic resonance access to transiently formed protein complexes.
- Author
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Sára T, Schwarz TC, Kurzbach D, Wunderlich CH, Kreutz C, and Konrat R
- Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are of utmost importance to an understanding of biological phenomena since non-covalent and therefore reversible couplings between basic proteins leads to the formation of complex regulatory and adaptive molecular systems. Such systems are capable of maintaining their integrity and respond to external stimuli, processes intimately related to living organisms. These interactions, however, span a wide range of dissociation constants, from sub-nanomolar affinities in tight complexes to high-micromolar or even millimolar affinities in weak, transiently formed protein complexes. Herein, we demonstrate how novel NMR and EPR techniques can be used for the characterization of weak protein-protein (ligand) complexes. Applications to intrinsically disordered proteins and transiently formed protein complexes illustrate the potential of these novel techniques to study hitherto unobserved (and unobservable) higher-order structures of proteins.
- Published
- 2014
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22. A novel paramagnetic relaxation enhancement tag for nucleic acids: a tool to study structure and dynamics of RNA.
- Author
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Wunderlich CH, Huber RG, Spitzer R, Liedl KR, Kloiber K, and Kreutz C
- Subjects
- Arginine analogs & derivatives, Arginine chemistry, Carbon Isotopes, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, HIV Long Terminal Repeat, Inverted Repeat Sequences, Ligands, Nitrogen Oxides chemistry, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Spin Labels, Cyclic N-Oxides chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Organophosphorus Compounds chemistry, Protons, RNA chemistry, Staining and Labeling methods
- Abstract
In this work, we present a novel 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical phosphoramidite building block, which can be attached to the 5'-terminus of nucleic acids. To investigate the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) emanating from this radical center, we incorporated the TEMPO label into various types of RNAs. We measured proton PREs for selectively (13)C-isotope labeled nucleotides to derive long-range distance restraints in a short 15 nucleotide stem-loop model system, underscoring the potential of the 5'-TEMPO tag to determine long-range distance restraints for solution structure determination. We subsequently applied the distance-dependent relaxation enhancement induced by the nitroxide radical to discern two folding states in a bistable RNA. Finally, we investigated the fast conformational sampling of the HIV-1 TAR RNA, a paradigm for structural flexibility in nucleic acids. With PRE NMR in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, the structural plasticity of this RNA was analyzed in the absence and presence of the ligand L-argininamide.
- Published
- 2013
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23. Synthesis of (6-(13)C)pyrimidine nucleotides as spin-labels for RNA dynamics.
- Author
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Wunderlich CH, Spitzer R, Santner T, Fauster K, Tollinger M, and Kreutz C
- Subjects
- Carbon Isotopes chemical synthesis, Carbon Isotopes chemistry, Cytidine chemistry, HIV-1 chemistry, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Organophosphorus Compounds chemistry, Pyrimidine Nucleotides chemistry, RNA, Viral chemistry, Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques methods, Uridine chemistry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular methods, Pyrimidine Nucleotides chemical synthesis, RNA chemistry, Spin Labels chemical synthesis
- Abstract
We present a (13)C-based isotope labeling protocol for RNA. Using (6-(13)C)pyrimidine phosphoramidite building blocks, site-specific labels can be incorporated into a target RNA via chemical oligonucleotide solid-phase synthesis. This labeling scheme is particularly useful for studying milli- to microsecond dynamics via NMR spectroscopy, as an isolated spin system is a crucial prerequisite to apply Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion type experiments. We demonstrate the applicability for the characterization and detection of functional dynamics on various time scales by incorporating the (6-(13)C)uridine and -cytidine labels into biologically relevant RNAs. The refolding kinetics of a bistable terminator antiterminator segment involved in the gene regulation process controlled by the preQ(1) riboswitch class I was investigated. Using (13)C CPMG relaxation dispersion NMR spectroscopy, the milli- to microsecond dynamics of the HIV-1 transactivation response element RNA and the Varkud satellite stem loop V motif was addressed., (© 2012 American Chemical Society)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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