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Objective this study sought to systematically review and synthesize qualitative data to explore older adult exergame experiences and perceptions. Methods a comprehensive search was conducted in seven databases from the earliest available date to May 2022. All qualitative and mixed-method studies available in English and explored exergame experiences in older adults were included. Tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used for data extraction and synthesis. Data were extracted using the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B model) as a guide, and a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach was applied to synthesize the findings. Results this systematic review identified 128 findings and aggregated 9 categories from the 10 qualitative research articles included, and three synthesized findings were: older adult capability, opportunities in the exergaming program and motivation in the exergaming program. Capability consisted of attitude toward exergames, age- or health-related impairments and exergame knowledge and skills. Opportunities included older adult-friendly exergame design and social influence. Motivation included self-efficacy, support, instruction and feedback, health benefits, as well as unpleasant exergaming experiences. Conclusions it is crucial to tailor the exergaming program to suit the older population. We identified barriers and facilitators of implementing exergaming in older adults and found most barriers are surmountable. The results of the current systematic review could provide evidence for the design and implementation of exergaming programs among older adults. The ConQual score of the synthesized findings was assessed as low. Dependability and credibility should be accounted for in future studies to increase confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The front-end structure crashworthiness design during the conceptual design phase of automobile can shorten production cycle and has a great significance to improve safety. This paper proposes a three-stage target decomposition method to design crash pulse and manage the crash energy absorption of front-end structure of automobile. In this method, the theoretical optimal solution of the Equivalent Dual-trapezia Wave (EDTW) is calculated by the overall layout parameters of automobile and safety requirements of occupant. The optimal EDTW, as the target crash pulse, is decomposed to segments based on the reserved longitudinal crush space and the lateral energy absorption ratio of the front-end substructure. In addition, simple mathematical and mechanical principles are applied to calculate the performance objectives of key energy absorption substructures. Finally, an empirical application of M6 model is conduct to verify the validity of EDTW optimal solution and the realizability of target decomposition. The result shows that this proposed method is effective for the conceptual design of new cars and model change of existing cars. The design process does not rely on large computing software and empirical data and the design result has a guiding role in CAE analysis of automobile safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to accelerate the optimization process of automotive seats, decrease the amount of computations, and realize forward design of seat performance, a simplified parametric model (SPM) is introduced in this paper during the optimization process of a school bus seat. The validity of the SPM of the seat and the feasibility of the modeling method are proved. The results calculated by the SPM show a good consistency with the shell element model. The SPM can also accurately reflect the deformation and stress of the seat in dynamic tests. Through mechanical analysis and energy analysis of the seat frame, the dynamic performance of the seat is improved to meet regulatory requirements. The SPM has the advantages of simple process, less number of units, time savings in modeling and calculation, and it provides the possibility to quickly analyze the performance of school bus seats and improve seat structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aildenafil, 1-{[3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1 H-pyrazolo [4, 3- d] primidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl}- cis-3, 5-dimethylpiperazine, a phosphodiesterase type V enzyme inhibitor (PDE5I), is under development for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). The purpose of this study was to elucidate metabolism of aildenafil in vivo in rats and in vitro in mouse, rat, dog, and human liver microsomes. Thirty-one phase I metabolites have been found by LTQ/Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry in rat urine, faeces, and bile after oral administration. Major biotransformation pathways of aildenafil included N-dealkylation of the piperazine ring, hydroxylation and dehydrogenation, aliphatic hydroxylation and loss of alkyl group of piperazine ring. Minor pathways involved hydroxylation on the phenyl ring, pyrazole N-demethylation, O-deethylation, loss of piperazine ring (cleavage of N-S bond) and dehydrogenation on the piperazine ring. Similar metabolic pathways of aildenafil were observed in the incubations of liver microsomes from mouse, rat, and dog as well as from human. The depletion rate of parent drug in mouse and rat liver microsomes was significantly different from that in human liver microsomes. The cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping analysis was conducted using isozyme-specific inhibitors. The results indicated that CYP3A was the main isoenzyme involved in oxidative metabolism of aildenafil. Overall, these in vitro and in vivo findings should provide valuable information on possible metabolic behaviours of aildenafil in humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Fiber distributions were measured by X-ray computed tomography and implemented into the two-phase modeling. • A power law correlating the absorbed energy and the impact energy was proposed. • The expression of minimum penetration energy was derived and applied for quick design of fiber content and thickness. Abstract Impact behavior and energy absorption of long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (LFT) plates under low velocity impact load is investigated based on two-phase modeling and experiments. In this study, strain rate dependent properties and fiber distribution are characterized by mechanical tests and X-ray CT scans. A two-phase homogenized material model is established and validated by impact test data. On this basis, this paper presents a method for the assessment of the energy absorption capability of LFT plates, which defined as a power law equation normalized by penetration energy. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed approach is validated by finite element simulations of three impactor diameters. The results show a good consistency and indicate that the exponent of the power law is probably independent of the fiber content distributions and impact conditions. The expression of minimum penetration energy is derived and can help in a quick design of fiber volume fraction and plate thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild method for the deborylation deuteration of arylboronic acids with D 2 O, mediated by the synergistic combination of a thiol, a Lewis base, and photoredox catalysis, is reported. This reaction showed a broad substrate scope, excellent deuterium incorporation, and functional group tolerance. Therefore, this method is practical for the site-selective D-labeling of bioactive molecules and drug molecules.